Seed Growing - TAMAGAWA two... · 2005-09-10 · you are collecting seeds You can collect some seeds from a plant ... to go through seed coat Scarification lets water enter the seed

Seed GrowingSeed GrowingPropagation Lecture 2Propagation Lecture 2

VocabularyVocabularySeedlingSeedling

Seedling is plant that Seedling is plant that comes from seedcomes from seed

VocabularyVocabularyGerminationGermination

Seed makes root and Seed makes root and shootshoot

Picture shows germination

VocabularyVocabularySeed ViabilitySeed Viability

Seed ViabilitySeed Viability-- if a seed is capable of germinating if a seed is capable of germinating and growing into a plantand growing into a plant

Vocabulary Vocabulary Physical Seed DormancyPhysical Seed Dormancy

Physical dormancyPhysical dormancy--seeds have methods of seeds have methods of making sure seeds start making sure seeds start to grow when to grow when environment is good for environment is good for the seeds to growthe seeds to growOften seed have seed Often seed have seed coat that has no holecoat that has no holeNo hole means water can No hole means water can not get into seednot get into seedWithout water Without water germination will not germination will not happenhappen

No hole in seed coat water cannot get in so no germination

VocabularyVocabularyLiquidLiquid

Liquid is like water Liquid is like water and liquids take and liquids take shape of containershape of container

Liquid in glass

VocabularyVocabulary

Physiological dormancyPhysiological dormancy-- seed have seed have methods like a liquid that stops it from methods like a liquid that stops it from growing. Once the liquid is removed from growing. Once the liquid is removed from the seed, the seed will grow into plantthe seed, the seed will grow into plant


ScarificationScarification-- using physical or chemical using physical or chemical methods to put hole in the seed coat so methods to put hole in the seed coat so water can get to the seedwater can get to the seedStratificationStratification-- making seed think it is making seed think it is outside in nature. Usually hot outside in nature. Usually hot temperatures used so seed think summer temperatures used so seed think summer has comehas comeCold temperatures are used to make seed Cold temperatures are used to make seed think winter has comethink winter has come


Gibberellic AcidGibberellic Acid-- a chemical that can help a chemical that can help seeds to germinateseeds to germinateMedia Media –– the different blends of the different blends of ““soilssoils”” that that are found in plants that are grown in potsare found in plants that are grown in potsAeration: to supply a soil that contains Aeration: to supply a soil that contains water with airwater with air

VocabularyVocabularySowingSowing

Sowing seed by hand

Sowing is to place Sowing is to place seeds on mediaseeds on mediaWays to sow can be Ways to sow can be by using hands or use by using hands or use machinemachine


SprinklerSprinkler-- used to used to give plants water or give plants water or make air wetmake air wet

Sprinkler

Sprinkler head

VocabularyVocabularyWater dropletsWater droplets

Sprinkler heads make Sprinkler heads make water break into small water break into small pieces called droplets

Waterdroplet

pieces called droplets

VocabularyVocabularyMistMist

Mist is very small Mist is very small droplets that stay in droplets that stay in air for a little timeair for a little timeSprinkler heads can Sprinkler heads can make mistmake mist

mist

VocabularyVocabularyElectricityElectricity

Electricity can be Electricity can be used to create warm used to create warm temperature temperature


MediaMedia-- is used in place of soil it is often is used in place of soil it is often made from a combination of : made from a combination of : Peat Moss Peat Moss PerlitePerliteVermiculiteVermiculite

Picture of materials used to make Picture of materials used to make mediamedia

Peat Moss is found in Peat Moss is found in such places as such places as Northern Canada. Northern Canada. It is made up of It is made up of partially decayed partially decayed plantsplantsPeat Moss holds lots Peat Moss holds lots of waterof water

Picture of PerlitePicture of Perlite

Perlite is a made from Perlite is a made from rockrockIt is used in a media It is used in a media to create spaces for to create spaces for air air

VermiculiteVermiculite

Vermiculite is made Vermiculite is made from rock.from rock.Vermiculite helps to Vermiculite helps to keep water and also keep water and also helps to create helps to create spaces in media for spaces in media for airair

Peat and Vermiculite mixed Peat and Vermiculite mixed together to make mediatogether to make media

Mixing together either Mixing together either peat moss and peat moss and vermiculite or peat moss vermiculite or peat moss and perlite creates a soil and perlite creates a soil that the plant can usethat the plant can useMicropore Micropore –– is a small is a small hole that is filled with hole that is filled with waterwaterMacropore is a large hole Macropore is a large hole that is filled with airthat is filled with airBoth Macropores and Both Macropores and Micropores are found in Micropores are found in soils.soils.

Topics to be coveredTopics to be coveredRequirements for seed germinationRequirements for seed germination1)Viability1)Viability

-- test for viabilitytest for viability2) Seed not Dormant2) Seed not Dormant

-- physical dormancyphysical dormancy2a) Scarification methods used to make 2a) Scarification methods used to make physical dormancy go awayphysical dormancy go away

Topics to be coveredTopics to be coveredRequirements for Seed germinationRequirements for Seed germination

METHODS OF SCARIFICATIONMETHODS OF SCARIFICATION-- making making physical dormancy go awayphysical dormancy go away2b) Mechanical2b) Mechanical2c) Hot water Scarification2c) Hot water Scarification2d) Acid Scarification2d) Acid Scarification

Topics to be coveredTopics to be coveredRequirements for Seed Requirements for Seed

GerminationGermination3) Physiological dormancy3) Physiological dormancyStratification Methods for making Stratification Methods for making physiological dormancy go awayphysiological dormancy go awaya) Cold Moist Stratificationa) Cold Moist Stratificationb) Warm Moist Stratificationb) Warm Moist Stratificationc) Gibberellic Acidc) Gibberellic Acid


GerminationGermination4) Environment need for seed germination4) Environment need for seed germinationa) watera) waterb) heatb) heatc) aerationc) aerationd) lightd) light


GerminationGermination5) Equipment used 5) Equipment used a) containersa) containersb) bench and watering systemb) bench and watering systemc) growth roomsc) growth rooms


GerminationGermination6) Media6) Mediaa) common medias used for seed a) common medias used for seed germinationgermination

Topics to be coveredTopics to be coveredHow to make Native seeds ready How to make Native seeds ready

for plantingfor planting7)Dry seed heads7)Dry seed headsa) equipment used to clean dry seeda) equipment used to clean dry seedb) how to clean seedb) how to clean seed8)Berries8)Berriesa) equipment used to clean berriesa) equipment used to clean berriesb) how to clean seedb) how to clean seed


GerminationGermination9) Care of seeds during germination 9) Care of seeds during germination 10) Common Pest and Diseases of 10) Common Pest and Diseases of SeedlingsSeedlings

1)1) Test for Seed ViabilityTest for Seed Viability

Viability means seed able to germinateViability means seed able to germinateA) The cut testA) The cut testB) The Tetrazolium testB) The Tetrazolium test

A) Seed Cutting TestA) Seed Cutting Test

Step One in Seed cuttingStep One in Seed cutting

Place the seed on a Place the seed on a cutting surfacecutting surfacePlace the seed so Place the seed so that you will be cutting that you will be cutting the seed along the the seed along the seeds longest sideseeds longest side

Step two in Seed cuttingStep two in Seed cutting

Hold seed between Hold seed between two fingers and cut two fingers and cut with knifewith knife

Step three in seed cuttingStep three in seed cutting

When you are done When you are done the process you will the process you will have two halves from have two halves from one seedone seed

How tell if Seed is ViableHow tell if Seed is Viable

A viable seed will A viable seed will have a white colorhave a white colorThe embryo will The embryo will completely fill the completely fill the cavitycavityCavity is space for Cavity is space for embryo to grow inembryo to grow inThere will be no dark There will be no dark color to the seedcolor to the seed

How tell if Seed is ViableHow tell if Seed is ViableThe seed to the right has The seed to the right has an embryo that is too an embryo that is too small to germinate.small to germinate.Embryo not fill cavityEmbryo not fill cavitySometimes the seed Sometimes the seed needs to have some needs to have some special treatment to make special treatment to make the seed viable the seed viable Sometimes the seed will Sometimes the seed will not be viable because not be viable because embryo is too small

Embryo too small

embryo is too small

How tell if Seed is ViableHow tell if Seed is Viable

The seed on the right The seed on the right has a dark area which has a dark area which can be caused by can be caused by insect or diseaseinsect or diseaseYou would judge You would judge damage seeds as not damage seeds as not viableviable

When to Use Seed Cutting TestWhen to Use Seed Cutting Test

Often seed cutting test is used right when Often seed cutting test is used right when you are collecting seedsyou are collecting seedsYou can collect some seeds from a plant You can collect some seeds from a plant and test them using the cutting test.and test them using the cutting test.If the seeds are If the seeds are ““goodgood”” then you would then you would collect seed from this spotcollect seed from this spotIf the embryos are too small or damage If the embryos are too small or damage you would not collect seed from this area you would not collect seed from this area

How tell if Seed is Viable How tell if Seed is Viable Tetrazolium testTetrazolium test

Tetrazolium test Tetrazolium test --tertrazolium is a chemical that tertrazolium is a chemical that test whether or not a seed is test whether or not a seed is alive or not alive.alive or not alive.-- if baby plant is alive the seed if baby plant is alive the seed will turn a red color.will turn a red color.--we will use this test as part of we will use this test as part of a lab we will be doinga lab we will be doingCut the seed in the same Cut the seed in the same method as the seed cutting method as the seed cutting method and place face down method and place face down in petri dish that contains in petri dish that contains tetrazoliumtetrazolium

How tell if Seed is Viable How tell if Seed is Viable Step one in tetrazolium testStep one in tetrazolium test

Cut seeds in halfCut seeds in half

How tell if Seed is Viable How tell if Seed is Viable Step two in tetrazolium testStep two in tetrazolium test

Pour tetrazolium into Pour tetrazolium into petri dishpetri dish

Tetrazolium

Petri dish

How tell if Seed is ViableHow tell if Seed is ViableStep three in tetrazolium testStep three in tetrazolium test

Place the seeds Place the seeds halves in the petri halves in the petri dish so that the side dish so that the side of the seed which of the seed which shows the embryo is shows the embryo is facing downward.facing downward.-- the the side with the seed side with the seed coat should be facing coat should be facing up towards you

Seedsup towards you

How tell if Seed is Viable How tell if Seed is Viable Step four in the tetrazolium testStep four in the tetrazolium test

Tape up the petri dish Tape up the petri dish and take a piece of and take a piece of masking tape and put masking tape and put your name on the your name on the tapetape

How tell if Seed is Viable How tell if Seed is Viable Step five in tetrazolium testStep five in tetrazolium test

Place the petri dish in Place the petri dish in a dark room for at a dark room for at least 24 hoursleast 24 hoursAfter 24 hours the After 24 hours the viable embryos will viable embryos will turn pink or red.turn pink or red.Dead embryos will Dead embryos will stay whitestay white

When to Use Tetrozolium TestWhen to Use Tetrozolium Test

Better test than cutting testBetter test than cutting testUse to make sure your cutting test is Use to make sure your cutting test is correctcorrect

2) Physical Dormancy2) Physical DormancyPhysical dormancy is often caused by the seed Physical dormancy is often caused by the seed coatcoatSometimes we want to grow native plants next Sometimes we want to grow native plants next spring; but, their seed coats wonspring; but, their seed coats won’’t let water into t let water into seed early enough so we need to use methods seed early enough so we need to use methods to make physical dormancy go awayto make physical dormancy go awayThe methods we use to make physical The methods we use to make physical dormancy go away is called scarification dormancy go away is called scarification Scarification is putting a hole in seed coat to let Scarification is putting a hole in seed coat to let water inwater in

2a)Scarification2a)ScarificationWhy we need to do scarificationWhy we need to do scarification

In nature the seed coat stops water from entering the In nature the seed coat stops water from entering the seed to soon. seed to soon.

Without water a seed will not germinateWithout water a seed will not germinate

The seed coat will go away over time and often by the The seed coat will go away over time and often by the next spring the seed coat will let water into seed.next spring the seed coat will let water into seed.

In scarifying seeds you are like nature and helping water In scarifying seeds you are like nature and helping water to go through seed coatto go through seed coat

Scarification lets water enter the seed so germination is Scarification lets water enter the seed so germination is possiblepossible

2b) Ways of Making Physical 2b) Ways of Making Physical Dormancy go awayDormancy go away

2b) Physical2b) Physical-- the seed coat needs the seed coat needs to be have hole to be have hole -- you can use a knife you can use a knife or sand paper to put or sand paper to put hole in seed coat Using knife to make hole in seed

coat is Mechanical scarification

hole in seed coat

Methods of making physical Methods of making physical dormancy go awaydormancy go away

Mechanical ScarificationMechanical ScarificationSand paper can also Sand paper can also be used to over come be used to over come physical seed physical seed dormancydormancySand paper can be Sand paper can be very rough and when very rough and when using sand paper you using sand paper you rub the seed coat until rub the seed coat until it is thinit is thin

Sand paper has little pieces of rockon paper. Moving sandpaper back and forth makes hole in seed coat

Some seed coats are wax on Some seed coats are wax on outsideoutside

Some seed coats Some seed coats have a wax coat that have a wax coat that stops water from stops water from getting into seedgetting into seedCandle is made from Candle is made from waxwax

candle


c) Hot water Scarificationc) Hot water ScarificationHot water scarification is Hot water scarification is used when seeds have a used when seeds have a wax like coating on the wax like coating on the seed coat.seed coat.

Seeds that look like the Seeds that look like the picture to the right often picture to the right often have a wax coatinghave a wax coatingThis coating stops water This coating stops water from getting into seedfrom getting into seed-- use temperatures use temperatures between 65between 65-- 90C

Hot water makes waxes go away sowater can get inside

90C


Hot Water ScarificationHot Water ScarificationHeat water to desired temperature and then Heat water to desired temperature and then remove from heatremove from heatYou need 6 times by volume more water than You need 6 times by volume more water than seedsseedsFor example:10ml seeds For example:10ml seeds ––you will need 60ml of you will need 60ml of hot waterhot waterLet seeds stay in water for 18Let seeds stay in water for 18--24hrs24hrs-- dondon’’t let t let seed get really softseed get really softStir occasionallyStir occasionally--plant seeds within 4 days of hot water plant seeds within 4 days of hot water scarificationscarification

Methods of making physical Methods of making physical dormancy go awaydormancy go awayd) Acid Scarificationd) Acid Scarification

Acid is strong liquid eats Acid is strong liquid eats seed coatseed coatAcid is used with seeds Acid is used with seeds that have a very hard that have a very hard seed coatseed coatTwice (2 times) the Twice (2 times) the volume of acid is added volume of acid is added to the volume of seedsto the volume of seedsFor example to scarify For example to scarify 20ml of seed you will 20ml of seed you will need 40ml of Sulfuric need 40ml of Sulfuric AcidAcid

Methods of making physical Methods of making physical dormancy go awaydormancy go awayAcid ScarificationAcid Scarification

Sulfuric Acid is used a full strengthSulfuric Acid is used a full strengthThe seeds stay in the acid for the range of The seeds stay in the acid for the range of 15 minutes to 6 hours.15 minutes to 6 hours.Never put water into acid. Always add acid Never put water into acid. Always add acid to water.to water.Make sure that seeds do not have water Make sure that seeds do not have water on the outside of the seed coaton the outside of the seed coat

3) Physiological dormancy3) Physiological dormancy

Physiological dormancy has two major causesPhysiological dormancy has two major causesThe first one is when there is a chemical present The first one is when there is a chemical present around the embryo that stops the embryo from around the embryo that stops the embryo from growinggrowingThe second one is when the embryo is too small The second one is when the embryo is too small ( see slide under cutting test that shows too ( see slide under cutting test that shows too small embryo)small embryo)The method for curing physiological dormancy is The method for curing physiological dormancy is call stratificationcall stratification

StratificationStratification

a) Cold moist stratification: This method is a) Cold moist stratification: This method is used to make physiological dormancy go used to make physiological dormancy go away when there is a chemical that stops away when there is a chemical that stops the seed from growingthe seed from growingThis method uses a little water and cold to This method uses a little water and cold to make the seed make the seed ““believebelieve”” that it has spent a that it has spent a winter in the groundwinter in the ground

Step one in Cold Moist Step one in Cold Moist StratificationStratification

Moisten media with Moisten media with water so that the media water so that the media is not too wetis not too wetYou know you have the You know you have the media the correct media the correct wetness when the wetness when the media sticks together in media sticks together in a ball but water does a ball but water does not drip outnot drip out

Medias usedMedias usedPeat Moss is Peat Moss is sometimes used just sometimes used just by itself . Especially by itself . Especially when you want the when you want the media to hold lots of media to hold lots of waterwaterOr Peat Moss is Or Peat Moss is mixed with perlite mixed with perlite More perlite in media More perlite in media means media holds means media holds less waterless water

Step two in Cold Moist StratificationStep two in Cold Moist Stratification

Place the seeds in a Place the seeds in a plastic bagplastic bagWhatever the seed Whatever the seed volume is add about 3 volume is add about 3 times more volume of times more volume of media to the bagmedia to the bagExample 20 ml of seed Example 20 ml of seed ––add 60ml of mediaadd 60ml of mediaMake sure the media Make sure the media covers the seedscovers the seeds

Step Three in Cold Moist Step Three in Cold Moist StratificationStratification

Seal the plastic bagSeal the plastic bagUsing a marker the will Using a marker the will not erase write the not erase write the Scientific name for the Scientific name for the seed species on the bagseed species on the bagPlace the bag in a Place the bag in a refrigerator or a Cold refrigerator or a Cold roomroomkeep seeds in the cold for keep seeds in the cold for the recommended the recommended amount of daysamount of daysKeep recordsKeep records

Coldroom

RefrigeratorRefrigerator

Refrigerator keeps Refrigerator keeps seeds at cold seeds at cold temperature

refrigerator

temperature

Care of seeds that are in cold moist Care of seeds that are in cold moist stratificationstratification

Once a week look at the seedsOnce a week look at the seedsCheck for:Check for:Media is still wet not dried outMedia is still wet not dried outThe seeds are not sickThe seeds are not sickThe seeds have not started to germinateThe seeds have not started to germinate

b) Warm Moist Stratificationb) Warm Moist Stratification

Can be used to overcome too small Can be used to overcome too small embryo in some seedsembryo in some seedsSame steps used to prepare seed as cold Same steps used to prepare seed as cold moist stratification moist stratification For example you moisten the media and For example you moisten the media and use plastic bagsuse plastic bags

Warm Moist StratificationWarm Moist Stratification

Instead of using cold Instead of using cold the last step in warm the last step in warm moist stratification is moist stratification is to place the seeds in to place the seeds in a warm environment a warm environment such as:such as:Seed germinatorSeed germinatorHeated Propagation Heated Propagation Bench

Seed germinator

Bench

Warm Moist StratificationWarm Moist Stratification

Keep seeds between 18Keep seeds between 18--25C25CTreatment can last 4Treatment can last 4--12 weeks12 weeks

c) Gibberellic liquidc) Gibberellic liquid

GA3 or Gibberellic Acid can with some plants be GA3 or Gibberellic Acid can with some plants be used to replace cold moist Stratificationused to replace cold moist StratificationUse concentrations of 10Use concentrations of 10--1000 ppm1000 ppmppm means part per millionppm means part per millionExample 10ppm means if have 1,000,000 drops Example 10ppm means if have 1,000,000 drops of liquid 10 drops of liquid are GA3 and 999,990 of liquid 10 drops of liquid are GA3 and 999,990 are water. are water. Place seeds in container with GA3 for 12 to 24 Place seeds in container with GA3 for 12 to 24 hourshours

4) Environment conditions need for 4) Environment conditions need for seed germinationseed germination

a) water a) water is used by the seed is used by the seed for life and to cause for life and to cause the plant cell to get the plant cell to get larger

Water enters cell on left and cell on right will get larger

larger

WaterWater

Water is supplied to the seed by the mediaWater is supplied to the seed by the mediaWhen a seed is germinating never allow When a seed is germinating never allow the seed to become drythe seed to become dry

b) temperatureb) temperature

Most native seeds in British Columbia like Most native seeds in British Columbia like temperatures between 18temperatures between 18--20C20CSometimes seed germination can be Sometimes seed germination can be helped by having a cooler temperature helped by having a cooler temperature night time temperaturenight time temperatureExample day time temperature 20CExample day time temperature 20CNight time temperature 13CNight time temperature 13CRemember you are trying to be like natureRemember you are trying to be like nature

c) Aerationc) Aeration

A seed needs to get air to surviveA seed needs to get air to surviveDonDon’’t plant a seed too deep in mediat plant a seed too deep in mediaMake sure the media has some Make sure the media has some Macropores so that air can enter the Macropores so that air can enter the mediamedia

Aeration Planting of SeedsAeration Planting of Seeds

Make sure that when Make sure that when you put seeds in you put seeds in media that the seed is media that the seed is put in hole 3 times put in hole 3 times bigger than seedbigger than seedThat way seed have That way seed have air to breathair to breath

d) lightd) light

Most seeds do not need complete Most seeds do not need complete darkness to germinatedarkness to germinatePut little media over top of seeds.Put little media over top of seeds.

5) Equipment 5) Equipment a) containersa) containers

Native seeds are Native seeds are often planted into flats.often planted into flats.

The flat is put into the The flat is put into the tray. The tray is used tray. The tray is used to move the flat into to move the flat into the greenhouse

Seed flatSeed flat

the greenhouse

traySeed tray

ContainersContainers

Plug trays are used Plug trays are used for seedlingsfor seedlings

Plug tray

b) benchingb) benching

A propagation bench has 3 main partsA propagation bench has 3 main partsPlastic coverPlastic coverMisting Sprinklers Misting Sprinklers Heating cablesHeating cables

b) Benchingb) Benching

Plastic

Propagation bench

On type of benching On type of benching used to germinate used to germinate seeds is called a seeds is called a misting benchmisting benchPlastic keeps water in Plastic keeps water in air high so seeds do air high so seeds do not get drynot get dryBelow plastic cover is Below plastic cover is a misting systema misting system

Watering SystemWatering SystemMisting systemMisting system

Misting system Misting system consist of a sprinkler consist of a sprinkler head that sprays very head that sprays very small pieces of watersmall pieces of waterMisting systems Misting systems makes air wet so makes air wet so seeds not dry out

sprinkler

Sprinklers seeds not dry out

Misting SystemMisting System

Misting system makes Misting system makes small drops of water small drops of water called dropletscalled dropletsDroplets put small Droplets put small amount of water on amount of water on leaves or medialeaves or media

Small waterOn leaf

Mist ControllerMist Controller

Mist is turned on and off Mist is turned on and off by machine called by machine called controllercontroller

Heating CablesHeating Cables

Heating cables keep Heating cables keep seeds at good seeds at good temperaturetemperatureHeating cable uses Heating cable uses electricity to make electricity to make heatheatBiotherm uses hot Biotherm uses hot water to keep seeds water to keep seeds at good temperature

Heatingcable

biotherm

at good temperature

c) Seed Germinatorc) Seed Germinator

Seed Germinator is a Seed Germinator is a small room that has small room that has heat system, light and heat system, light and some times keeps some times keeps water in the airwater in the airSeeds are put in room Seeds are put in room until they germinateuntil they germinate

6) Media6) Media

Media helps seed to germinate by Media helps seed to germinate by providing water for seedproviding water for seed

Media you can useMedia you can use

75% peat moss75% peat moss25% perlite25% perliteMix together and put Mix together and put in the bottom of the in the bottom of the flatflat

Step OneStep One

Put peat moss/ perlite Put peat moss/ perlite mix in bottom of flatmix in bottom of flat

Step 2Step 2

Use board to push Use board to push down on mediadown on mediaDo not push too hardDo not push too hard

Board

Step 3Step 3

Sow seedsSow seeds

Step 4Step 4

Cover seeds with little Cover seeds with little layer of Vermiculitelayer of Vermiculite

Step 5Step 5

Put water on seedsPut water on seeds

Step 6Step 6

Put cover over seedsPut cover over seedscover

Making Seed Ready for SowingMaking Seed Ready for Sowing

7)Dry seed heads7)Dry seed headsa) equipment used to clean dry seeda) equipment used to clean dry seedb) how to clean seedb) how to clean seed8)Berries8)Berriesa) equipment used to clean berriesa) equipment used to clean berriesb) how to clean seedb) how to clean seed

Dry Seed head Cleaning Dry Seed head Cleaning EquipmentEquipment

Plastic container

screens

Plastic containerPlastic container--used to hold clean used to hold clean seedseed

ScreensScreens-- are made of are made of nylon and metalnylon and metalScreens have Screens have different size holesdifferent size holes

Step one in Cleaning Dry seed Step one in Cleaning Dry seed headsheads

Place screen on Place screen on plastic containerplastic containerMake sure holes in Make sure holes in screen large enough screen large enough for seed to go throughfor seed to go through

Step two in Cleaning Dry Seed Step two in Cleaning Dry Seed HeadsHeads

Place dry seed heads Place dry seed heads on screenon screen

Step 2a Cleaning Dry Seed HeadsStep 2a Cleaning Dry Seed Heads

If screen is made of If screen is made of metal use glovemetal use gloveGlove make sure that Glove make sure that you no cut your handyou no cut your hand

glove

Step 3 Cleaning Dry Seed HeadsStep 3 Cleaning Dry Seed Heads

Move hand back and Move hand back and forth over screenforth over screen

Step 4 in Cleaning Dry Seed HeadsStep 4 in Cleaning Dry Seed Heads

Seeds go through Seeds go through screen holes and are screen holes and are in bottom of plastic in bottom of plastic containercontainerBad things do not go Bad things do not go through holes in through holes in screenscreenWe now have seeds We now have seeds that are cleanthat are clean

Berries cleaning EquipmentBerries cleaning Equipment

A food processor or A food processor or blender is used to blender is used to clean berriesclean berries

Food processor

Step one in Cleaning BerriesStep one in Cleaning Berries

Put berries in food Put berries in food processorprocessor

Step Two in Cleaning BerriesStep Two in Cleaning Berries

Add water to berriesAdd water to berriesAlso a small amount Also a small amount of liquid dish washing of liquid dish washing soapsoap

Step three in Cleaning BerriesStep three in Cleaning Berries

Use pulse setting on Use pulse setting on food processorfood processorPulse turns food Pulse turns food processor on and off processor on and off very fastvery fastFruit will leave seedFruit will leave seedClean seed at bottom Clean seed at bottom of food processorof food processor

9) Care of seeds during 9) Care of seeds during germinationgermination

Everyday look to see that media is wetEveryday look to see that media is wetEveryday look to see that there is no pestsEveryday look to see that there is no pestsTransplant after first true leaves producedTransplant after first true leaves produced

Seed leavesSeed leaves

The first thing you see The first thing you see on shoot is seed on shoot is seed leavesleavesTrue leaves are the True leaves are the second thing you see second thing you see on shoot

Seed leaves

shoot

on shoot

Transplant after first leaves comeTransplant after first leaves come

The seed leaves are The seed leaves are first thing you see on first thing you see on new shootnew shootThe first set of leaves The first set of leaves is the second thing is the second thing you see on shootyou see on shootTransplant after you Transplant after you see first leavessee first leaves

Seed leaves

First leaves

10) Common Pest and Diseases of 10) Common Pest and Diseases of SeedlingsSeedlings

AphidAphidWhiteflyWhiteflySpider MitesSpider MitesFungus GnatsFungus GnatsSlugs and SnailsSlugs and SnailsDamping OffDamping Off

Common Pest and Diseases of Common Pest and Diseases of SeedlingsSeedlings

Green Peach AphidGreen Peach AphidAphids are many Aphids are many colorscolorsAphids are found near Aphids are found near top of planttop of plant

Aphid Injury of plantsAphid Injury of plants

leaf curled

Brown area

Black spotsHoney dew


Whitefly is found on Whitefly is found on the underside of leafthe underside of leafBoth immature and Both immature and adult hurt plant

Adult whitefly

adult hurt plant

Immature whitefly

Whitefly DamageWhitefly Damage

Whitefly damage Whitefly damage looks similar to aphid looks similar to aphid damage

Whitefly damage

damage


Spider mite like areas Spider mite like areas where there is little where there is little water in the airwater in the airWhen there are many When there are many Spider Mites they Spider Mites they make websmake webs

Spider mite damageSpider mite damage

Spider mites can Spider mites can make underside of make underside of leaf have small yellow leaf have small yellow or brown spotsor brown spots

Spider mite damage


Fungus gnat only Fungus gnat only immature fungus gnat immature fungus gnat hurt plantshurt plantsImmature fungus gnat Immature fungus gnat eats roots of seedling

Adult fungus gnat

eats roots of seedling

Immature fungus gnat


Slugs usually hurt Slugs usually hurt plants at nightplants at night


Snail hurts plants Snail hurts plants mostly at nightmostly at nightSnail like environment Snail like environment similar to fern similar to fern environmentenvironment


Snail and Slugs eat Snail and Slugs eat hole in leaveshole in leavesSometimes slugs and Sometimes slugs and snails eat most of snails eat most of plant

Slug and Snail Damage

plant


Damping OffDamping OffSeedling hurt by this Seedling hurt by this mushroom( fungus) mushroom( fungus) diseasediseaseDamage is seedling Damage is seedling not come up from not come up from groundground

Damping off damage

Pest of SeedlingsPest of SeedlingsDamping offDamping off

Damping off also can Damping off also can cause seedling to die cause seedling to die after seedling come after seedling come up through mediaup through media

Damping off damage

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Seed Growing - TAMAGAWA two... · 2005-09-10 · you are collecting seeds You can collect some seeds from a plant ... to go through seed coat Scarification lets water enter the seed