Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research Selecting Cool Season Species and Varieties for Sports Dr. Leah A. Brilman Research Director

Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research

Selecting Cool Season Species and Varieties

for SportsDr. Leah A. BrilmanResearch Director

Seed Research of Oregon


Species SelectionTypical problems

Wear at goal mouth

Wear in middle of field

Wear near sidelines

Short repair times

Repair only at difficult times

Repair during play


Species SelectionGoal -Sports Turf Usage

Type of Sport

Football, soccer, baseball, field hockey

Season(s) of play

Type of construction - sand, soil

Time for renovation/repair

Budget for construction and maintenance

Other uses of field


Species SelectionTurf characteristics for Sports Turf

Wear tolerant

Fast establishment

Rapid recovery

Lateral stability

Stable footing

Tolerant of mowing height

Diesease tolerant


Species SelectionImportant characteristics for Sports

Turf

Low light tolerant

Winter active growth

Drought tolerant

Good aesthetics

Nice color

Good mowing quality


Cool-season Species for SportsBluegrass species

Kentucky bluegrass

Texas x Kentucky bluegrass

Poa supina

Ryegrass

Perennial

Transitional

Tall fescue

Deschampsia


Types of Kentucky BluegrassesCompact Types CELA Type

Compact BVMG Type

Midnight Shamrock type

America Cheri Type

Aggressive Type Julia Type

Bellevue Type Common Type

Mid-Atlantic Type Other Type


Types of Kentucky BluegrassesSelection of type of bluegrass for sports

NJ Wear - Spring, summer and fall wear

High performers Low performers

Compact America

Midnight BVMG

Julia Cheri

Aggressive Common

Mid-Atlantic

Repeat with wear, compaction different seasons


Types of Kentucky BluegrassesSelection of type of bluegrass for sports

WI Wear trial - fall wear

Combined with perennial ryegrass varying percentages

Only obtained 50% KBG with less than 15% rye

No difference between Midnight types, BVMG types, Aggressive types

Common types less wear tolerant

Midnight, Fairfax more dominant in blends


Types of Kentucky BluegrassesMA Wear trial - unirrigated, no fungicides

Wear 75 passes over 4 days late Oct. - real life?

Shear strength in September

No consistent pattern of variety type

Little correlation shear strength and wear

No correlation with Rutgers except Avalanche and P-105. Others - Bedazzled, Brooklawn, Bedazzled, Baritone

Highest rated shear and wear low rated at Rutgers - Blue Sapphire


Types of Kentucky BluegrassesIA Wear trial - 1996-2000 NTEP

Cheri type - Serene

Other - Coventry, Chateau

Common - Kenblue

America - America, good - Unique, Brilliant, Apollo, Showcase

Midnight - Rugby II, good - Midnight, Award, Nustar, NuGlade

Shamrock- Champagne


Compact TypesCompact, Midnight, America

Low, compact growth

High quality turf

1/2 inch cutting height

Excellent resistance to Leaf Spot

Long Winter dormancy

Variable under Summer stress

Often purple Winter color


Compact Type CultivarsSR 2109 P-105

Ram I Diva

Moonshadow Platini

Wildwood Indigo

Moonlight Glade

Blackstone Alpine

Blacksburg Apex


Midnight Type

Characteristics of compact type

Very dark green color

Late Spring green-up

Good heat tolerance

Susceptible to powdery mildew

Variable resistance to Summer Patch

Not good in shade sites


Midnight Type CultivarsMidnight II Rugby II Ginney

Award Impact Awesome

Midnight Total Eclipse Barrister

Liberator Quantum Leap Beyond

Odyssey Absolute Impact

NuGlade Tsunami Excursion

NuDestiny Arcadia Bluestone


Aggressive Type

Aggressive lateral growth

High shoot density

Very wear tolerant

Quickly knit sod and repair

May predominate in blend

Variable in other characteristics


Aggressive Type Cultivars

P-105 Cheetah

Bariris A-34

Touchdown Mystic

LimousineNorthstar


Julia TypeHigh turf quality

High density

Good Summer performance

Moderate Winter performance

Good Leaf Spot, Stripe Smut resistance

Susceptible to Brown Patch, Dollar Spot


Julia Type Cultivars

Avalanche

Julia

Caliber

Ikone

PpH 7832


America Type

Characteristics of compact type

Finer leaf, higher density

Moderate Winter dormancy

Moderate Summer recovery

High Summer Patch resistance

Resistant to powdery mildew

Good in shade


America Type CultivarsShowcase Apollo

SR 2284 Brilliant

Kingfisher Langara

America Unique

Bedazzled Sonoma

Boutique Royale

Arrow Bordeaux

Glenmont Mallard


Mid-Atlantic TypeDeep, extensive roots and rhizomes

Vigorous turf & medium-high density

High Summer stress tolerance

Early Spring green-up

Good Winter performance

Rapid recovery from disease

Leaf spot susceptible except: SR 2000 and Preakness


Mid-Atlantic Type Cultivars

SR 2000 Livingston

Monopoly Bel-21

Preakness Plush

Eagleton Wabash

Cabernet


Shamrock TypeModerate Winter color

Good resistance to Leaf Spot

Good turf quality and sod strength

Billbug susceptible

High seed yields

Less stemmy than BVMG types

Summer performance variable

Large seed - quick germination


Shamrock Type Cultivars

SR 2100

Shamrock

Champagne

Parkland


BVMG Type

High seed yields

Medium-good turf

Stripe Smut susceptible

Medium low growth

Large seed - quick germ

Medium wide leaves

Very stemmy turf

Poor Winter performance

Billbug susceptible


BVMG Type CultivarsBaron Nassau

Victa Raven

Merit Marquis

Gnome BlueChip

Dragon Fortuna

Abbey Goldrush

BlueStar Crest

Cannon


Common Type(Midwest Ecotypes)

Erect growth and narrow leaf blades

Good Summer stress tolerance (may go dormant)

High Leaf Spot susceptibility

Poor Winter color and performance

Early seed production

Good for soil stabilization/conservation


Common Type(Midwest Ecotypes)

Kenblue Huntsville

S-21 Park

Geary Piedmont

Alene Greenley

Ginger Garfield

South Dakota Cert


Texas X Kentucky bluegrass• Texas bluegrass heat and drought tolerant, extensive

and deep rhizomes

• Kentucky bluegrass turf quality

• 1st generation low fertility, low germination

• Backcrossed to Kentucky bluegrass

• More extensive rhizomes

• Greater heat and drought tolerance

• Must evaluate for diseases, germination vigor, apomixis


Texas x Kentucky bluegrassMany first hybrids poor germination

Thermal Blue = HB 129 = BH00-6002

Improved establishment

High shear strength

Excellent rhizomes = good recovery

Good wear tolerance in Ohio - not high Rutgers

Additional new hybrids with good establishment, high drought tolerance


Texas X Kentucky bluegrass• Rhizomes on young

spaced plants

• Deep rhizomes contribute to recovery

• Bluegrass usage further south

• Top rated for shear strength NTEP


Poa supina bluegrassVery wear tolerant

Very shade tolerant

Fast coverage, aggressive

Current material light green

Used for sports turf in Northern climates

Needs

Darker color and heat tolerance

Improved establishment, especially during play


Perennial ryegrassAdvantages in mixtures

Quick establishment

Very dark green color

Resistant to different diseases than KBG/TF

Endophyte-enhanced

Disadvantages in mixtures

Overdominate other components

Bunch-type growth

Reduced stress tolerance


Perennial ryegrassAdvantages and varietal needsRapid establishment - Best species for establishment

during playWinter-active growth for many uses

Daylength-dependent dwarf types less suitableLess slickness (interspecific crosses)Decumbent, spreading growth - superior in Europe for

repairTrials at STRI, WSU, MO, NYReduce nitrogen requirementsBest in regular trials may not be best in wear trialsSeason of play, establishment important


Perennial ryegrassHighest rated NTEP Athletic field management without traffic

MACH 1 (ROBERTS-627) APPLAUD (PENNINGTON-11301)

PIZZAZZ SR 4220 (SRX 4801)

ALL STAR2 (CIS-PR-78) JET

CHARISMATIC (LTP 98-501) PINNACLE II (BAR 9 B2)

GATOR 3 (CIS-PR-85) KOKOMO (CIS-PR-69)

CITATION FORE (PST-2BR) PENTIUM (NJ-6401)

SUNKISSED (ABT-99-4.834) AMAZING (B1)

SR 4420 (SRX 4820) GRAND SLAM 2L96 (PST-2L96)

ARRIVAL (CIS-PR-84) INSPIRE (R8000)

BLAZER IV (PICK MDR) SEVILLE II

SR 4500 HAWKEYE (SRX 4RHT)


Perennial ryegrassHighest rated four traffic sites in NTEP Trial

CITATION FORE (PST-2BR)* MACH 1 (ROBERTS-627*

COURAGE (MB 410) MANHATTAN 4 (PST-2CRL

RACER II (PICK RC2) SR 4500*

PENTIUM (NJ-6401)* GRAND SLAM 2L96 (PST-2L96)*

SR 4220 (SRX 4801)* SR 4350 (APR 1237)

GATOR 3 (CIS-PR-85) PACESETTER (6011)*

STELLAR (CIS-PR-72 RADIANT

EXACTA BLAZER IV (PICK MDR)*

KOKOMO (CIS-PR-69)* CATALINA II (PST-CATS)*

SEVILLE II* FIESTA 3


Perennial ryegrassGray leaf spot resistanceImportant in MidWest, transitional zone and now

CaliforniaCalifornia reports in both permanent and

overseeded turfSeedlings most vulnerableWarm, moist conditions, especially with less hours

of sunlightRapid advances in resistance


Gray Leaf Spot ResistanceRutgers University - 2001 Trial 1-9, 9 = Best

2001 2001

Cultivar GLS Res. Quality

Peregrine (1425) 7.0 6.4

Integra 6.0 6.1

Pinnacle II 5.0 5.1

AllStar 2 4.8 5.5

Brightstar II 4.3 4.0

Calypso II 3.7 3.3

Fiesta 3 3.3 3.4


Gray Leaf Spot ResistanceRutgers University - 2002 Trial 1-9, 9 = Best

2002 2002

Cultivar GLS Res. Quality

MS1 Comp. 8.0 7.0

Integra Select. 7.0 5.2

SR 4550 (1557) 7.0 4.3

Integra 5.7 3.3

Amazing 5.0 3.5

Pizzazz 4.3 3.2

LSD@5% 1.4 1.0


Gray Leaf Spot Resistance

2004 Perennial ryegrass

NTEP Gray leaf spot -

Rutgers University


Transitional ryegrassAdvantages in mixtures

Very quick establishment

Less expensive seed

Lasts only one to two seasons

Germination and growth at cooler temp.

Moderate green color

Improved mowing quality

Less mowing requirement than annual

Does not overdominate mixtures


Transitional ryegrassPercent Cover Annual, Transitional, Perennial + mixtures.

Seeded Feb. 20, 2004. Puyallup, WA.

Treatment March March April April April April 12 25 2 9 16 22

Axcella AR 26.7 50.0 68.3 91.7 98.3 100 Transeze TR 23.3 48.3 70.0 90.0 95.0 100 PR Blend 8.3 23.3 53.3 53.3 76.7 95TR + PR 21.7 38.3 70.0 85.0 100 100 AR + PR 25.0 43.3 71.7 90.0 98.3 100

LSD@5% 10.2 12.7 11.7 24.9 0 0


Transitional ryegrass

PR TR AR

PR/TR


Tall FescueExcellent wear tolerance once established

Speed of establishment

New data Ohio State - new varieties can maintain quality with wear after 15 weeks, spring establishment

Speed of repair

Rhizomes in new varieties may help

Drought tolerance useful many sites

Need more winter-active growth


Tall FescueHighest rated NTEP traffic in New Jersey

DOMINION OLYMPIC GOLD

ELISA APACHE III (PST-5A1)

TULSA II (ATF 706) SR 8550 (SRX 8BE4)

MASTERPIECE EXPEDETION (ATF-803)

JAGUAR 3 SILVERSTAR (PST-5ASR)

ENDEAVOR FOCUS

TAR HEEL TEMPEST

BINGO RENDITION

TITAN LTD. NINJA 2 (ATF-800)

SR 8600 TAR HEEL II (PST-5TR1)

TOMAHAWK GT WYATT


Tall FescueHighest rated NTEP traffic in St. Louis, MO

ULTIMATE (01-RUTOR2) GUARDIAN-21 (ROBERTS DOL)

PADRE (NJ4) 2ND MILLENNIUM

AVENGER (L1Z) BLACKWATCH (PICK-OD3-01)

BINGO FIREBIRD (CIS-TF-65)

DAVINCI (LTP-7801) FINESSE II

FORTE (BE-2) GRANDE II

PICASSO MATADOR GT (PST-5TUO)

REBEL EXEDA SILVERSTAR (PST-5ASR)

SR 8550 (SRX 8BE4) ESCALADE (01-ORU1)

BILTMORE CONSTITUTION (ATF-593)

INFERNO (JT-99) JAGUAR 3


Rhizome Reproduction• Underground repair

• Kentucky bluegrass, creeping red fescue, bermudagrass

• Present on certain tall fescues, observed on plants

• Wear, divot repair

• Soil compaction, season influence repair

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Tall Fescue Turf Rhizome• 4 inch wide divot cut May 4 , 6

weeks growth

• Tall fescue rhizome 3 inches

from mother plant

• Not as many as in bluegrass

• More rhizomes observed in fall than spring









Tall Fescue Turf Rhizome• 6 week divot

repair sand

• 2 week divot repair sand








Grande II Labarinth


Wear tolerance 50 passes OH

Table 2: Wear Tolerance Rating* after 50 passes (25 events)Treatment Name Wear Tol. 1.5”

Mowing HeightWear Tol. 3”

Mowing HeightLabyrinth RTF™ 3.0 2.6Grande TF 5.8 5.6HB129 Texas BG x KBG hybrid 6.1 6.0Orfeo KBG 4.6 5.3Aberelf + SR4420 PRG 6.3 6.0Spring Green Festulolium 3.6 3.3Barfest Festulolium 3.0 3.3Showcase KBG + fine fescues 4.3 4.3Nexus PRG 5.8 5.3Rendition TF 5.6 6.0Titan, Kittyhawk + Rendition TF 4.3 5.3Winter Active Fescue (WAF) 5.0 5.0Grande ll TF + Rugby ll KBG 6.0 6.3Rugby ll KBG + Renaissance PRG 6.1 6.1Barlennium PRG 6.5 5.6Bariris KBG 7.6 7.8LSD (0.05) 1.6 1.6

Treatment Name Wear Tol. 1.5” Mowing Height Wear Tol. 3” Mowing HeightBariris KBG 7.6 7.8Grande ll TF + Rugby ll KBG 6.0 6.3Rugby ll KBG + Renaissance PRG 6.1 6.1Aberelf + SR4420 PRG 6.3 6.0Thermal Blue Texas x KBG hybrid 6.1 6.0Rendition TF 5.6 6.0Grande II TF 5.8 5.6Barlennium PRG 6.5 5.6Nexus PRG 5.8 5.3Orfeo KBG 4.6 5.3Titan, Kittyhawk + Rendition TF 4.3 5.3Winter Active Fescue (WAF) 5.0 5.0Showcase KBG + fine fescues 4.3 4.3Spring Green Festulolium 3.6 3.3Barfest Festulolium 3.0 3.3Labyrinth RTF™ 3.0 2.6LSD (0.05) 1.6 1.6


Tall FescueBest results when blended with Kentucky bluegrass - 85 to 90% Tall

fescue

Blending with Texas x Kentucky hybrids may be useful in stress sites

Brown patch reduced in blends

Establish in spring or late summer

Provide protection against Pythium and seedling brown patch

Overseed on yearly basis - Before or after play preferred. Use Transitional ryegrass to patch.


Deschampsia cespitosa

Common name is tufted hairgrass

Circumpolar native

Extends around the globe in the northern hemisphere

Middle latitudes found at high altitudes

Native in Australia, New Zealand, Argentina

Native to United States and Canada


Tufted Hairgrass Attributes suggesting turf potential

• First colonizer of disturbed sites

• Tolerant of very low light levels

• Found in low nitrogen sites

• Waterlogged sites with high ammonium

• Sites with heavy wear

• Acid soil, salt and heavy metal tolerant


Winter wear tolerance Bluegrass STRI Bingley, UK. Merit Dec. 1997, Wear applied from October. Seeded June 1996. Kentucky bluegrass, tufted hairgrass, Poa supina and Poa trivialis.

Dec. Dec.Cultivar Merit Cultivar Merit

Supra Poa supina5.8 Miracle KBG 2.5

Barcampsia TH 4.8 Solo Poa trivialis 2.5

Julia KBG 4.8 Conni KBG 2.2

Albany KBG 4.5 Princeton 2.2

Limousine KBG 4.5 Unique KBG 2.0

Ikone KBG 4.0 Asset KBG 2.0

Broadway KBG 4.0 NuGlade KBG 1.5

Haga KBG 2.8 Award KBG 1.5

LSD @ 5% 0.9


Winter wear tolerance w/ high nitrogen STRI Bingley, UK. Mean Nov. and Dec. 2000, Wear applied from October. Seeded June 2000. Perennial rye and tufted hairgrass.

2000 2000Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality

SR 6000 (Voyager) TH 7.0 Gator II PR 6.0

Essence PR 6.5 AberImp PR 5.8

Churchill PR 6.5 Barclay PR 5.3

Repell PR 6.5 Charger II PR 5.2

BAR DC 710-2 TH 6.3 Advent PR 5.2

Barcampsia TH 6.2 Elka PR 4.5

Manhattan II PR 6.2 Superstar PR 4.3

Paragon PR 6.2 Master 4.2

Secretariat 6.0 LSD @ 5% 1.2


Winter wear tolerance w/ low nitrogen STRI Bingley, UK. Mean Nov. and Dec. 2000, Wear applied from October. Seeded June 2000. Perennial rye and tufted hairgrass.

2000 2000Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality

Ritmo PR 6.7 AberImp PR 5.8

SR 6000 (Voyager) TH 6.7 Advent PR 6.0

Churchill PR 6.5 Secreteriat PR 5.8

BAR DC 710-2 TH 6.5 Repell PR 5.5

Barcampsia TH 6.5 Yorktown III PR 5.5

Essence PR 6.2 Elka PR 5.3

Paragon PR 6.2 Manhattan II PR 4.7

Gator II PR 6.0 Charger II PR 4.3

LSD @ 5% 0.9


1997 Fine Fescue NTEP Shade trials. Mean of MI and NE. 1999 Data.

Shade ShadeCultivar Mean Cultivar Mean

Quatro SF 6.8 SR 6000 TH 6.0

Jasper II STCRF 6.5 Banner III CF 6.0

Pathfinder 6.4 Manhattan II PR 6.2

SR 5100 CF 6.3 Discovery HF 5.6

Oxford HF 6.2 Jamestown II CF 5.6

Dawson E+ SLCRF 6.1 SR 3200 BF 5.3

Brittany 6.1 Shadow II CF 5.2

Attilla E HF 6.0 Treazure CF 4.4

LSD @ 5% 1.1


Tufted hairgrass Use for turf in Pacific Northwest

Primary sports trials in England. Lower light intensity in winter than PNW.

Used in shaded sports fields in UK and Europe.

Blended with different species depending on

site conditions.

Bluegrass use only rust/shade tolerant

Tall fescue non-irrigated sites

Perennial ryegrass - watch seed rates


Final recommendations Each sports site is unique

Stadium shading complicates recommendations

Most trials in full sun - Puyallup data useful

Most turf trials on soil - look for those on sand

Balance local varietal performance data with wear trial data

Breeders are working on new varieties and new species for sports turf

Work with local sod grower to have replacement turf available - cheaper than artificial

Documents

Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research Selecting Cool Season Species and Varieties for Sports Dr. Leah A. Brilman Research Director