SELECTED TOPICS IN

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

2015

TUM Asia

Course

CD 5180

Part 2

Slide 1

Charles

Chow

Part 1:

Business

Efficacy

Business is

like War:

Part 2

New Normal

Business:

Part 3

Business

Champions:

Part 4

LEADERSHIP

MANAGEMENT ADMINSTRATION

Blue Ocean Strategy

SWOT Analysis

implementation

grid

business

plan

framework

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Part 2, Slide 2

Charles Chow

APPLIED TO A BUSINESS

TRIZ

value

innovation

TALLEST

TOWER

TOURNAMENT

PURPOSE:

To experience as a team the essence of

strategy formulation and strategy implementation.

Part 2, Slide 3

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Tallest Tower Tournament

1. Each Group has 7 cards.

2. Cards cannot be cut, stapled, taped or disfigured in any way.

3. All groups are to plan SIMULTANEOUSLY.

4. Aim: To build the FASTEST, tallest tower.

Judge: Metric Ruler

5. Construction by groups in random sequence.

6. Maximum time per group only 1 minute to construct.

7. All to observe execution together.

Part 2, Slide 4

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Deliberate Strategy Realized Strategy

Emergent Strategy

Unrealized Strategy

Intended Strategy

Murphy’s Law

CONTINGENCY PLANS

• Plan • Ploy • Pattern • Position • Perspective

James Brian Quinn (1980):

Strategies for Change:

Logical Incrementalism,

Irwin, Homewood Illinois.

Henry Mintzberg (1996): Five Ps for strategy

in Mintzberg, H. & Quinn, J.B. (eds), The

Strategy Process, Concepts, Contexts, Cases,

3rd edn, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp 10-17.

Part 2, Slide 5

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

TYRANTS (too many)

Power corrupts;

Absolute power

corrupts absolutely.

LAO ZI : Taoism

Principle of Opposites

(Yin-Yang);

Maintaining equilibrium.

SUN ZI : “Art of War”

Maintaining own advantage

(ethics not included);

System to analyze and

administer conflict.

KONG ZI: Confucius

Proper individual

conduct;

Social harmony.

STRUCTURED

ORGANIZATION

IMPLEMENTATION

MAJOR CHINESE

MANAGEMENT “GURU”s

HARD SOFT

YES

NO

Part 2, Slide 6

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

SEVEN MAJOR MILITARY CLASSICS (collated since Song Dynasty)

1. Taigong Six Secrets (Zhou Dynasty, about 1100 BC)

2. Sunzi Bingfa (Zhou Dynasty, about 514BC)

3. Wei Liaozi Art of Command (Warring States 403-221BC)

4. Huang Shigong Strategies (Han Dynasty, 25-220 AD)

5. The Methods of Sima (Jin Dynasty, 317-420AD)

6. Li Weigong wendui (Tang Dynasty, 618-907 AD)

7. Wuzi Tactics (Song Dynasty, 960-1279AD)

(http://chinese-wiki.com)

82 pien (chapters) and 9 chuan (diagrams),

pruned by Cao Cao (155-220 AD),

“Emperor of Wei”

into present 13 chapters

Salvaged

by Sun Bin (about 360 BC)

Part 2, Slide 7

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

知己知彼 , (zhi ji zhi bi)

Know yourself, know the other side; 百战百胜。 (bai zhan bai sheng)

every battle, victory possible. (Chapter 3)

知彼知己, 胜乃不殆

(zhi bi zhi ji, sheng nai bu dai)

Know the other side, know yourself;

your victory will not be threatened. 知天知地, 胜乃不穷 (zhi tian zhi di, sheng nai bu qiong)

Know weather, know terrain;

your victories will be limitless.

(Chapter 10)

Need for FORESIGHT

All warfare is

based on deception:

speed, surprise & spies

co-operator

coordinator

competitor

avoid conflict,

fight to win

Need for INSIGHT

SIGHT

DELIVERY

DELIVERABLES

mission

vision

Part 2, Slide 8

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

13 chapters (514 BC) oldest military treatise in the world

Sun Zi’s “Art of War”

Doctrines for Engagement

Classifications for War

• 5 types of spies • 6 types of terrain • 7 dimensions in planning • 9 types of battleground

• 5 factors to analyze war • 5 ways to predict victory • 5 ways to use fire

Speed, Surprise & Spies

Leadership

• 5 positive traits • 5 negative traits • To fight or not to fight

• Warfare expert: anonymous, faceless traceless mysterious

Google Sun Zi

Part 2, Slide 9

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

NATIVE Agents

– ordinary people in enemy land.

=> Local Advisors employed for

specific areas of knowledge.

INSIDE Agents

– officials of the enemy.

=> Informers with access to

privilege information.

5 Types of Spies

Part 2, Slide 10

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

DOUBLE Agents – enemy spies employed by us. => Interns and “Independent” consultants

DOOMED Agents – deliberately fed with false information. => grassroots leaders, “volunteers”

LIVING Agents – those who have returned safely from

enemy country. => “project/liaison officers”

5 Types of Spies

Part 2, Slide 11

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

• when capable, feign incapable.

• when able to deploy forces, feign unable.

• when near feign far, and vice-versa.

All warfare is based on deception.

• sleeping partner?, political back-up?

• limited edition?, membership privileges?

• killer applications?, fresh innovations?

Part 2, Slide 12

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

SUN ZI’s “ART OF WAR”

Control of large force is same as for a few men

– merely a question of dividing up the numbers.

Divide & Rule

Standard Operating Procedures

“Management Process” – Environment to Thrive

Part 2, Slide 13

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

When you surround an army,

always leave an outlet free.

sink the boat, but save the crew

vents for frustration (feedbacks – trade union?)

contingency/redundancy plans (be prepared)

SUN ZI’s “ART OF WAR”

Part 2, Slide 14

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Just as water retains no constant shape,

warfare has no constant conditions.

Partner today, Competitor tomorrow

Change is constant (loyalty at best price?)

“Fix it” or “Sell it”

SUN ZI’s “ART OF WAR”

Part 2, Slide 15

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

SPEED adds strength.

SURPRISE is vital.

• Exploit unpreparedness

• Take unexpected routes

• Attack the least expected

SPIES secure own advantage.

Part 2, Slide 16

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Ability to prevent defeat

depends on oneself;

Chance for victory

depends on enemy.

Invincibility lies in the defense;

the possibility of victory lies in the attack.

Chapter 4, Line 2

Chapter 4, Line 5

Part 2, Slide 17

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Sun Zi’s KEY RULES

If battle situation is definite victory, general must engage even though ruler has not issued orders to do so.

Chapter 10. Line 18

If battle situation is definite defeat,

general must not engage even though ruler has issued orders to do so.

Part 2, Slide 18

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Sun Zi’s SURVIVAL SECRETS

Everyone knows the formation

to secure victory, but no one knows the reason that made victory possible.

Chapter 6, Line 25

Same strategies and tactics

never repeated. (ALWAYS ORIGNAL) Chapter 6, Line 26

Part 2, Slide 19

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

ESSENCE OF

“ART OF WAR”

Unable to win must defend; Able to win must attack.

Select right men and trust them to exploit battle situation and conditions

When I decide to fight, enemy will have no choice but to engage.

When I decide not to fight, I use ploys that contradict normal rules of engagement and prevent enemy from reaching me.

COMMAND

CONTROL

CLARITY

RESOURCES

STRATEGIES

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Part 2, Slide 20

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

DECEPTION (detection)

PACE

SPACE

TRACE

decoy

detour

disrupt

deny distort

delay

disturb

distract

divert

9 Ds of Deception

Part 2, Slide 21

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

CONTRAST

CATEGORIES

SUN ZI’s

“ART OF WAR”

THE

BHAGAVAD GITA

Author known (multiple & pruned)

unknown

Document manual for battle manual for reflection

Focus Self-interest (fight to win)

Self-control (selfless action)

End Result Position (victory)

Process (purity of intentions)

Key

Essential

Deception (manipulate)

Devotion to duty (motivate)

Enemy

“the other side” - competitor

- cooperator

- coordinator

self - attune

- align

- adapt

Part 2, Slide 22

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

BHAGAVAD GITA

Arjuna (a warrior) in despair when he needs to

kill own relatives.

Need to understand Duty,

to align Individual Spirit (Atman) with Supreme Truth

(Brahman) contributing to the Cycle of Life.

PURPOSE BEFORE SELF

(in business)

Part 2, Slide 23

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

chariot

ARJUNA (warrior)

horses

Alignment of actions with intentions

<Karma Yoga>

Attuned position to purpose.

<Bhakti Yoga>

Aware of being aware (“here & now”)

<Jnana Yoga>

Focus on process:

Need for proper counsel

Inner firmness of purpose

Action in inaction .

KRISHNA (driver)

Part 2, Slide 24

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Vision/Mission

Results

Part 2, Slide 25

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

SATTVA (synergy : divine)

TAMAS (lethargy : dull)

RAJAS (energy : dynamic)

compassionate & benevolent

enthusiastic & dynamic

inertia & ignorance

GUNAS

inherent inclinations,

to be discovered, not developed

Part 2, Slide 26

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

thinker

innovation (more differently)

inherent

inclination

implementer maintainer

SATTVA

Part 2, Slide 27

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

“can be” MINDFULNESS

(meeting the moment)

“should be”

o Doing * attentive o Delivery * accessible o Deliverables * appropriate

“present” strong self-belief

abundance attitude

non-judgmental

< aware of being aware >

ATTITUDE

ZONE 2

ZONE 1

“should be”

NOW

Figure 1: WORK BECOMES WORKSHIP

Source: Adapted from the Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 2, Verses 33, 38, 40 and 41

Part 2, Slide 28

Charles Chow 2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Modern management = Zone 1

Performance in the “present” rewarded/punished by benchmarks

“should be”. Actually everyone has more capabilities and capacities

>>> “can be”.

In Zone 2, personal commitment turns task into duty. When the

“fullness of the moment” is merged with “meeting the moment”,

mindfulness turns work into worship, the joy of harmony in action.

Mindfulness = discrimination + discernment

Possible with strong self-belief (trusting own rhythm), an abundance

attitude and being non-judgmental about others.

Every action has the doing, the delivery and the deliverables. With

attitude of “aware of being aware”, the doing becomes more attentive,

the delivery more accessible and the deliverables always appropriate.

Elaboration of Figure 1 by Charles Chow, Management Efficacy, Wisdom from Indian Bhagavad Gita and Chinese Art of War, (to be published by McGraw-Hill in 2013)

Part 2, Slide 29

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Enemy must die in war. Competitor need

not die in business. But damage to a

reputation can be worse than death. (Gita II:34)

There is something divine in the most

ordinary of things waiting to be

discovered. Work becomes worship

with an inner firmness of purpose. (Gita II:45)

Courage is desirable, but clarity of

purpose is divine. (Gita II:47)

Part 2, Slide 30

Charles Chow 2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

COMPETITIVE

ADVANTAGE (for whom?)

unique value

STAKE-

HOLDERS

Shareholders Workers

Broader Society (Corporate Social Responsibility)

ISO 26000 by 2010

Environment (“carbon neutral”?)

<People, Planet, Profit> Customers

Suppliers

inclusiveness

Adapted from: Pope Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter

“Caritas in Veritate”, 2009, para 40.

Part 2, Slide 31

Charles Chow

2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180

Part 2:

Business

is like War

MODELS

Part 1, Slide 32

Charles Chow

SUMMARY

Part 2:

Business

is like War

• Intended-Emergent Strategy

• 9Ds of Deception

• Management Stakeholders

• Speed, Surprise & Spies

• Co-operator, Collaborator & Competitor

• BG – inherent inclinations

• BG – work becomes worship

CONCEPTS

Tallest Tower

Tournament 2015 TUM Asia

Course CD 5180