SELECTIONS FROM INSIGHTS INTO THE HOLIDAYS BY THE LUBAVITCHER REBBE ROSH HASHANAH ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”

SELECTIONS FROM LIKKUTEI SICHOS

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LIKKUTEI SICHOS

SELECTIONS FROM

ืžืื•ืฆืจื•ืช

I N S I G H T S I N T O T H E H O L I D A Y S

B Y T H E L U B A V I T C H E R R E B B E

ROSH HASHANAH ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”

E x C E R p T f R O m

ืžืื•ืฆืจื•ืช

ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืชS E L E C T I O N S f R O m

LIKKUTEI SICHOS

___Translated and Annotated by

Rabbi Eliyahu Touger and Rabbi Sholom Ber Wineberg

โ€ข

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™R O S H H A S H A N A H - V A V T I S H R E I

ื ื“ืคืก ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื• ื”ืจืฆืœื™ื” ื‘ืช ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ืข"ื”

ืจ' ืงืœืžืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืจื—ืœ ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ ืข"ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื” ืžื™ื ื“ืœ ื‘ืช ืจ' ืื“ื•ื•ืืจื“ ื•ืฉืจื” ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ ืข"ื”

ืข"ื™ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืจื—ืœ ื—ื ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื™ื•

sDedicated in loving memory of

Herzliya bas Yitzchak & Menucha Harriet Roslyn Cohen

Kalman Shmuel ben Yaakov & Rachel Carl Samuel Grossman

Golda Mindel bas Edward & Sarah Kathryn Grossman

of blessed memory

sDevoted parents and exceptionally proud

grandparents and great-grandparents They left a legacy of care and concern, joy and laughter.

May their memory be a blessing for their families

Yaakov & Karen CohenPotomac, Maryland

3 ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | TO POUR OUT OUR SOUL S

ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | *ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™LIKKUTEI SICHOS, VOLUME 19, P. 291FF.

Adapted from a sichah delivered on the second day of Rosh HaShanah, 5736 (1975)

Introduction

What do we pray for on Rosh HaShanah?

We all know it is the Day of Judgment and each one of us wants to be blessed for a good and sweet year in a simple sense. Nevertheless, we also realize that something

much more encompassing and more significant than our own selves is happening on this day, something whose weight and import make our personal wants and desires pale in comparison and seem petty. Yet, there is the fear of missing out. If we do not make our requests on the day when it is decided โ€œwho shall be {granted} tranquility and who will {be compelled to} wander,โ€1 when will we make them?!

The Rebbe focuses on this inner conflict in the sichah that follows. Using the story of Chanahโ€™s prayer described in the Haftarah as a starting point, he draws our attention to the larger picture, to what Rosh HaShanah really involves โ€“ crowning G-d as King over all existence โ€“ and he explains how G-dโ€™s sovereignty is all-encompassing, including all the details of our own personal lives.

This understanding enables us to redefine why we are making requests on Rosh HaShanah. We are not asking for ourselves; we are asking for G-dโ€™s blessings so that we can do our part in making His sovereignty manifest over all creation.

After giving that explanation, the Rebbe acknowledges that most of us cannot consciously identify with such a lofty intent. On the contrary, when we are honest with ourselves, we must ad-mit that we are making our requests because we feel that we want and need what we are asking for.

In resolution, the Rebbe explains that our prayers are two-tiered. There is what we desire in a simple sense and, deep inside our sub-conscious, there is what the soul really desires. Funda-mentally, there is no dichotomy between the two. On Rosh HaShanah, when we pray that G-d fulfill our physical and spiritual needs, externally it appears that what motivates us is our per-sonal desire for children, health, sustenance, or other concerns connected with our own selves. However, the inner truth that is arousing the outpouring of our souls is the desire to fulfill G-dโ€™s desire for us to fashion a dwelling for Him from these material entities.

The Haftarah also gives us a paradigm through which we can align these two dimensions of our prayers. By describing the dialogue between Eli the kohen and Chanah, it prompts each of us to examine what is truly motivating our prayers. Genuinely facing ourselves and probing our sincerity in the same way that Eli questioned Chanah, motivates us to โ€“ like Chanah โ€“ โ€œpour out our souls before G-d,โ€2 to have our requests charged with our soulsโ€™ innermost energies. As a result, โ€œthe G-d of Israel will grant the requestโ€ฆ asked of Him,โ€3 providing us with revealed and apparent good, abundant blessings for our children, health, and sustenance, including the greatest blessing, the imminent arrival of Mashiach.

1. The Unasaneh Tokef prayer in the Musaf Service of Rosh HaShanah.

2. I Shmuel 1:15. 3. Ibid. 1:17.

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ | ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช 4

ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื’ ื. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉืžื•ืืœ(ื ืฉ ืกืคืจ ืช ื—ื™ืœ )ืช ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ืช ืืฉ ื”, ื—ื  ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืื– ืื™ื–, ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ืืœืงื ื”, ื“ืขืจื ืืš, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื"ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ื” "ื•ืœื—ื  ืื™ื– ื™ืœื” ืฉ ืื™ืŸ )ื–ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื” ืคืœ ืช ืื™ืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืŸ(, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื ืคืงื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ื•ืŸ ื› ืฉ ืž ื‘

ื‘ื™ื. ืžื•ืืœ ื”ื  โ€“ ืฉ

ื”ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืงืจื™ืืช ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ ืืœืข ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช, ืื™ื– โ€“ ืขืœ ื™ื, ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ ื—ื’ ื‘ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื”ื’* ืจืš ื•ื•ื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”ื’, ืžืœ ื“ื ืืคืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืœ ืื™ื“ ื ืื– โ€“ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื“ืŸ ื ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื”

ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ื’. ื‘ ื“ืขื ืฉ

ื™ ืค ืขืœ ืืฃ ืขื ื™ื ื ื•: ื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื˜ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื– ื” ื—ื  ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื– ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื‘ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” โ€“ ื ื”ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื‘ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื ืคืงื“ ืื™ื– ื” ืž ื› ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ื“ื™ ืขืจ ืื‘ ืื ื˜ื”ืืœื˜ ื ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื” ื•ื›ืž ืž ื ื” )ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื› ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉ ืื™ื“ืŸ ื‘

ื›ืœืœื•(; ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘

ื•ื•ืืก "ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”" ื“ื™ ืื– ืืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก โ€“ ื” ื—ื  ืงื™ื“ืช ืค ืฆื• ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ ื”ืื˜

A Womanโ€™s Prayer

1. The Haftarah from the first day of Rosh HaShanah, taken from the beginning of the Book of Shmuel,1 tells the story of Chanah,2 the wife of Elkanah, relating that initially, โ€œChanah was childless.โ€3 Afterwards, because of her sin-cere prayers in the Sanctuary at Shiloh, she was blessed with a son, the Prophet Shmuel.

The intent of the Haftaros recited on the fes-tivals, like all the Haftaros, is similar to that of the Torah reading,4 which is, as the name Torah implies,5 to provide instruction โ€“ that the Jews should derive guidance from it for their Divine service on that particular Shabbos or festival. Similarly, in the case at hand, the reason this Haftarah is read on Rosh HaShanah6 is because Chanah was specifically remembered for Divine blessing on that day7 and, as a result, she con-ceived. Nevertheless, the Haftarah is not merely a historical narrative and contains many direc-tives for a Jewโ€™s conduct on Rosh HaShanah, and also it contains several all-encompassing direc-tives that apply throughout the year.8

The spiritual service that caused Divine be-neficence to be visited upon Chanah โ€“ which

1. Megillah 31a states that the story of Chanah is read as the Haftarah of Rosh HaShanah. See the Tur, the Shulchan Aruch of Rav Yosef Caro (Orach Chayim 584:2), and the Alter Rebbeโ€™s Shulchan Aruch 584:7.

2. Chanah is also the name of the Rebbeโ€™s mother, Rebbitzen Chanah Shneerson. She passed away during the afternoon of Shabbos Teshuvah,

Vav (the sixth of) Tishrei, 5725. This sichah was originally published in connection with her yahrzeit.

3. I Shmuel 1:2.

4. The reason is that initially the reading of the Haftarah was instituted in place of the reading of the Torah (Rav David Avudraham, Shabbos Morning Prayers, et al).

5. Zohar, Vol. III, p. 53b, et al.

6. Rashi, Rabbeinu Nissim, on Megillah, loc. cit.; the Alter Rebbeโ€™s Shulchan Aruch, loc. cit.

7. Rosh HaShanah 11a; note the sources there.

8. As our Sages state (Berachos 31a), โ€œSo many significant laws can be derived from the verses describing Chanahโ€™s prayer!โ€

To Pour Out Our Souls

ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | TO POUR OUT OUR SOUL S5

is the central focus of the Haftarah in connec-tion with Rosh HaShanah โ€“ was her prayer in the Sanctuary at Shiloh. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the fundamental lesson from the Haftarah regarding a Jewโ€™s Divine service on Rosh HaShanah can be derived from her prayer. In particular, this is true according to the opin-ion of Shelah9 that Chanah also recited her prayer on Rosh HaShanah.

Analyzing the Interaction

2. The lesson to be derived can be clarified by first explaining the story of Chanahโ€™s prayer. At first, Eli, the Kohen Gadol, thought that she was intoxicated,10 because she recited her prayer while โ€œspeaking to her heart.โ€10 Therefore, he re-proved her, saying,11 โ€œHow long will you make a spectacle of your drunkenness?โ€

Chanah answered him, โ€œNo, my lordโ€ฆ I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink; I poured out my soul before G-d...โ€12

Several aspects of the story require clarification:

a) How could Eli, the kohen, make such a drastic mistake, reaching a diametrically op-posite conclusion? Instead of realizing13 that Chanah was pouring out her soul in prayer, he thought she was intoxicated.

9. Shelah, his tractate Rosh Ha-Shanah, the note on p. 214a. This differs with our Sagesโ€™ interpreta-tion (Yalkut Shimoni, niviโ€™im, sec. 77, the verse (I Shmuel 1:3), โ€œand the man would ascendโ€ โ€“ see also the interpretation (loc. cit.) of the verse (ibid. 1:4), โ€œIt came to pass on that dayโ€ฆโ€ โ€“ that Chanah recited her prayer during her ascent for one of the pilgrimage festivals.

10. I Shmuel 1:13.

11. Ibid. 1:14.

12. Ibid. 1:15.

13. Note that on that day, Eli was

appointed as a judge over the Jewish people (Rashi, ibid. 1:9). In that era, the judges were the leaders of the people. Moreover, even an ordinary judge must โ€œdeliver a judgment that is absolutely correctโ€ (Shabbos 10a, see the sources cited there). Rendering such accurate judgment requires the analysis of the thoughts of the person involved (see Tosafos, Shabbos loc. cit., Bava Basra 8b).

Note that in general kohanim are related to the concept of thought, as evidenced by the fact that their sacrificial service is carried out in

silence, motivated by the will of the heart (cf. Zohar, Vol. III, p. 39a). Even according to nigleh (the re-vealed dimension of Torah knowl-edge), kohanim are โ€œdistinguishedโ€ฆ [and charged with performing the] sacrificial service (Rambam, Hilchos Kโ€™lei HaMikdash 4:1). The thought of the kohen offering the sacrifice is fundamental to that service, as reflected in our Sagesโ€™ statement (Zevachim 46b), โ€œA sacrifice must be slaughtered for the sake of six matters.โ€ Similar concepts apply with regard to the other services performed by the kohanim.

ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื” ื ืงื•ื“ ื“ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืืก "ืœ ื  ื ื”( ื› ื™ื™ื›ื•ืชื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉ ืฉ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” )ื‘ืื™ื– ื™ืœื”(, ืฉ )ื‘ ื” ืคืœ ืช ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– โ€“ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ ืžืกืชื ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ื“ืขืจ ื” ื—ื  ืช ืคืœ ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื‘ ืื™ื“ืŸ ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื‘ ื•ื•ืืก ื“ื™ืขื” ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ]ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื” ืื™ื– ืช ื—ื  ืคืœ ืœ"ื”ื–, ืื– )ืื•ื™ืš( ืช ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉ

ื ื”[. ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘

ื ื”ืงื“ ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ ื‘. ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืก ืคืืจืฉืช ืคืœ ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืื™ืจ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขืœื™ ื”ืื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืื– ื”, ื—ื )ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื›ื•ืจื”" "ืฉ ื ืืœืก ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื” ืคืœ ืช ืื™ืจ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•'"( ื” ืœื‘ ืขืœ ืจืช "ืžื“ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืชื™ "ืขื“ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื” ื”ืื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื—ื  ืจื™ืŸ ื’ื•'"; ืื•ืŸ ื› ืช ืฉ ืชืคื•ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ "ืœื ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื’ื•' ื•ืืฉ

ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”'"ื— ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ืืช ื ืคืฉ

ื˜ืื ื“ื™ืง: ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉ ื“

ื–ืืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืื– ืขืก, ืงื•ืžื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื( ืฆื”! ืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืง ืŸ ืื–ื ื˜ืขื•ืช โ€“ ืžืŸ ื”ืง ื”ืื‘ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื– ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืื˜ ืื ืฉ โ€“ืคืฉ, ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื  ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉ ืœ ืžืชืค

ื›ื•ืจื”"? ื’ืืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื "ืฉ

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ | ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช 6

b) Even if an explanation can be found why Eli made such an error,14 it is still hard to understand: Why does the Torah tell us this? There is a general principle that โ€œScrip-ture does not speak deprecatingly even about a non-kosher animal.โ€15 Certainly, this should apply regarding Eli, the kohen.

c) Since Eli thought she was intoxicat-ed,10 why did he wait to rebuke her until she completed her prayer? Rashi states in his interpretation of the verse16 that โ€œEli was watching her speech; waiting [for her to fin-ish her prayer].โ€ Seemingly, he should have stopped her immediately and had her escort-ed out of G-dโ€™s house.

A Different Look at Chanahโ€™s Prayer

3. From all the above, it is evident that Eli did not think that Chanah was drunk in a simple sense,17 but rather she was intoxicated with prayer. Chanah โ€œprolonged her suppli-cation,โ€16 praying longer than one usually would. This was unacceptable18 for her to do while standing before G-d, in His house; see below, sec. 9.

By answering, โ€œI poured out my soul before G-d,โ€ Chanah was saying that she prolonged her prayer as an expression of an outpouring of her soul. This was not intoxication with prayer, but rather an extremely lofty level18 of prayer.

14. See Rashi and other commenta-tors on I Shmuel 1:12-13; the com-mentaries on Ein Yaakov, Berachos, loc. cit.; Yad Efraim and Chochmas Shlomoh on Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 101, et al.

15. Bava Basra 123a.

16. I Shmuel 1:12.

17. Note Siddur im Dach (p. 116a), which interprets Eliโ€™s question, โ€œHow long will you make a specta-

cle of your drunkenness?โ€ as related to one who is โ€œintoxicated but not with wineโ€ (Yeshayahu 51:21).

18. See Berachos 32b and Rashi and Tosafos, s.v. kol hamaarich. It is possible to say that Eli thought that Chanah was expecting the fulfillment of her request due to her prolonged prayer, which is con-sidered undesirable. (Some analysis is required because from Berachos

31b, which quotes Chanah as saying, โ€œMaster of the Worldโ€ฆ,โ€ it appears that this in fact was true.)

Some analysis is also necessary why the positive virtue of prolonging oneโ€™s prayer is not mentioned by the halachic authorities cited in footnote 14. Perhaps that virtue is included in the statements of the Tur and the Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 107:1.

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื” ื”ืกื‘ ื ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืž'ื–ืืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘( ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืœื™ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื•ืชื™ โ€“ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ ื ืืš ื“ืืš ืก'ืื™ื– ืชื•ืจื”? ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืจ ื“ื‘ ืœื ื˜ืžืื” ื”ืžื” ื‘ ื’ื ื•ืช "ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืœ, ืœื”ื‘ื“ ื”, ื•ื›ืž ื” ืž ื› ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื‘"ื™ื, ื”ื›

ื ื•ื’ืข ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ! ื‘

ื›ื•ืจื”"ื™ื‘ ืœืฉ . . ื‘ื” ื—ืฉ "ื•ื™ ืื– ืืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ ื’( ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ืขืœื™ ืืคืื™ืจ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ ื™ื– ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ ืืค "ื•ืขืœื™ ืฉื•ืžืจ "ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ ื” )ื•ื•ื™ ืจืฉ ืคืœ ืชื ื”( โ€“ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื“ืืš ื™ื”"ื™ื’ โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืช ืืช ืคื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคืกื™ืง ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš

ื™ืช ื”ื•ื™'? ืž'ื–ืืœ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘

ื’. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœืขื ืื™ื– ืžื•ื›ื—, ืื– ืขืœื™ ื”ืื˜ ืฉื•ื˜'ืŸ ื›ื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืค ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืก ืฉ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื”. ืคืœ ื›ื•ืจื”" ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืช ื–ื™ืŸื™ื“, ื ืืจ ื "ืฉื” ืื™ื– ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื  ืคืœ ืืœื“ ืื– ื“ื™ ืช ื“ืืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜: ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืœ"ื™ื’ ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ืจื‘ืชื” ืœื”ืชืคื”, ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ ื” ื™ืชืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืž ืคืœ โ€“ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ืชืœืคื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื˜ื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืž'ืื™ื– ืขื•ืžื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ

ืŸ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื˜(; ื“ืœืงืž ื‘ื™ืช ื”' )ื› ื”' ื‘

ื”'ืก ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– โ€“ "ื•ืืฉ ึพืื•ืŸ ื—ื ืชื” ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”'", ืื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื”ืจื‘ ืคื•ืš ืืช ื ืคืฉืœ" ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœ ืœื”ืชืคื”, ืคืœ ื›ืจื•ืช" ืื™ืŸ ืช ืื™ื– ืขืก )ื ื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืฉ

ื”. ืคืœ ื”( ื ื“ืจื’ื ื ืขืœื™ืชื˜ื• ืื™ืŸ ืช ืจื‘ ื ืืจ, ืื“

ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | TO POUR OUT OUR SOUL S7

This demonstrates the connection between Chanahโ€™s prayer and Rosh HaShanah. Analyzing the dialogue between Eli and Chanah regarding how to pray while in G-dโ€™s house enables us to un-derstand the general meaning of Chanahโ€™s prayer and many of the prayers of Rosh HaShanah, as will be explained.

What We Pray for on Rosh HaShanah

4. We find two opposite motifs regarding the prayers of Rosh HaShanah: Rosh HaShanah is the day of judgment for all manโ€™s needs both material and spiritual, as implied by the verse,19 โ€œFor it is a chok for Israel, a [day of] judgment before the G-d of Yaakov.โ€ Chok, usually translated as โ€œstatute,โ€ also has a different meaning. As in the verse,20 โ€œProvide me with my regular nurture (choki),โ€ the phrase, โ€œchok for Israel,โ€ can be interpreted as meaning that Rosh HaShanah is the day of judgment and decision re-garding manโ€™s nurture and all of his physical needs.21 The phrase โ€œa [day of] judgment before the G-d of Yaakovโ€ implies that a judgment and decision is also made regarding a personโ€™s spiritual standing21 โ€“ the extent to which his soul will be granted a revelation of G-dliness.22 Accordingly, in our Rosh HaShanah prayers, we ask for blessings regarding our children, health and sustenance, and also regarding our suc-cess in our spiritual endeavors.

Nevertheless, it is well known23 that the funda-mental dimension of our Divine service โ€“ which is primarily expressed through prayer โ€“ on Rosh HaShanah involves the coronation of G-d as King over all existence. Thus, our Sages24 explain that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d asks the Jewish people, โ€œMake

19. Tehillim 81:5.

20. Mishlei 30:8, as interpreted in Likkutei Torah, Devarim, pp. 54d, 55d, and the maamar entitled Ki Chok, 5710, the end of ch. 7.

21. The maamar entitled Ki Chok,

loc. cit., et al.

22. Likkutei Torah, loc. cit., p. 56a, which interprets the phrase, as mean-ing โ€œ โ€˜a day of judgmentโ€™ regarding the [degree of] G-dliness [granted] to Yaakov,โ€ i.e. the Jewish people.

23. See the extensive explanations in Likkutei Sichos, Vol. 4, pp. 1145ff., 1354ff.; Vol. 9, pp. 434ff., 450ff., 489ff., and the sources cited there.

24. Rosh HaShanah 16a, 34b.

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ื ื” โ€“ ื”ืฉ ื” ืฆื• ืจืืฉ ื—ื  ืช ืคืœ ืชืื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉ ื•ืžืขื ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ ื” ืคืœ ื”ืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื” ื—ื ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืื ื“ ืคืืจืฉ ื ืื•ื™ืš ื’ื™ื˜ ื”', ื” ืž ื” ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื› ืช ื—ื  ืคืœ ืœืœื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื›

ืŸ. ื“ืœืงืž ื ื”, ื› ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉ ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ ืช

ื ื” ืคืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉ ื ื•ื’ืข ื“ื™ ืช ื“. ื‘ื™ื: ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื™

ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื•ื”ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ ื”ืŸ ื”ืื“ื, ืฆืจื›ื™ ืืœืข ื—ืง ื™ "ื› ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื˜ื– ืฉ ืขืก ]ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื•ืช ื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘": ืœืืœืงื™ ื˜ ืค ืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ืจืืœ ืœื™ืฉ"ื”ื˜ืจื™ืคื ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ โ€“ ืจืืœ ืœื™ืฉ ื—ืง

ื˜ ืค ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ โ€“ ื™" ื—ืง ืœื—ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื( ืืœืข )ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืืœืงื™ ื˜ ืค "ืžืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื™ื—; ืžื™ ืฉ ื’ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ ืค ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ืขืงื‘" ืš ื ืžืฉ ืก'ื–ืืœ )ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื™ืื™ื— ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉื•"ื™ื˜([; ื‘ ืืœืงื•ืช "ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืช ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื‘ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื™, ื™ ื—ื™ ื ื™ ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื™ื. ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™

ืื– ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืขืจ ืื‘ ืื™ื– ื™ืกื ื’ ืœืื™ื“ืš ืื™ื– ืขื™ืงืจื” )ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืช ื ืงื•ื“ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฉ ื‘ ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื”( ืชืคืœ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืœืก ืขืจืฉ ื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžื›ืชืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืช "ืฉ ื—ื–"ืœื›ื ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืœืšื›,

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ | ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช 8

Me King over you.โ€ In response, in our prayers on Rosh HaShanah, we entreat Him, โ€œReign over the entire world in Your glory,โ€ and we address Him as โ€œthe King of the entire world.โ€

The coronation of a king and the acceptance of his sovereignty requires an approach of absolute bittul, i.e., submitting oneself entirely to the king to the extent that one does not feel oneโ€™s own de-sires at all.25 Precisely, such bittul elicits the kingโ€™s desire to rule and motivates him to accept the coronation.26

Thus, these two elements of Rosh HaShanah appear contradictory. When one expresses his complete bittul to the King, he is entirely removed from thinking about his own needs and asking for them. (Such thoughts arise only when one is self-absorbed and at the time of the coronation of the King, all thoughts of self are forgotten.) The above applies even to concerns regarding oneโ€™s spiritual needs, so how much more does it apply to oneโ€™s requests for material matters, upon which the judgment of Rosh HaShanah focuses primari-ly, as explained in Hagahos Maimonios.27

There is a well-known passage in Tikkunei Zohar28 which likens those who on Yom Kippur request โ€œsustenance, forgiveness, atonement, and health, asking to be inscribed for life,โ€ to dogs who

25. See the maamar entitled Tiku, 5701, sec. 2; the maamar entitled Yom Tov shel Rosh HaShanah, 5703, sec. 2.

26. Chassidus conceives of a king as entirely set apart from his people. As indicated by the description of Israelโ€™s first king, Shaul (I Shmuel 9:2, 10:23), as being, โ€œfrom his shoulders above, taller than the entire nation,โ€ a king is on a far loftier level than his people. For him to rule over them requires a drastic descent. Why would he be motivated to do so?

It could be said that the reason is that a king and his people share an essential connection. Though on a

conscious level, he is far above them, in essence, they are one. Therefore, he possesses an essential will to rule over them. However, that answer is not suf-ficient; since there is such a great gulf separating them on a conscious level, that essential desire may lie latent. It is only when the people go beyond their conscious identity and submit themselves to him in homage that he is moved to go beyond his individual identity and reveal his inner desire to become their king.

Similarly โ€“ and indeed far more so โ€“ G-d is exalted, transcending entirely His bringing the world into being

and serving as its King. For Him to lower Himself and assume that role, it is necessary for His people, the Jews, to submit themselves to Him in absolute homage (see the series of maamarim entitled Yom Tov shel Rosh HaShanah, 5703).

27. Hagahos Maimonios, Hilchos Te-shuvah 3:3, quoting Ramban, cited in Likkutei Torah, Devarim, p. 59b.

28. Tikkunei Zohar, tikkun 6 (p. 22a). See the Maggid of Mezritchโ€™s Or Torah, the beginning of Parshas Vayigash; Agados Chazal, s.v. Ein Omdin, p. 108c, and s.v. al taas. Note Kesser Shem Tov, the end of sec. 330.

ืช ืชืคืœ ื‘ ื–ืื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ]ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื" ืœื• ื› ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ "ืžืœื•ืš ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ", ืœ ื› ืขืœ "ืžืœืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš", ื‘ืœืช ื•ืงื‘ ืœืš ื”ืž ื”ื›ืชืจืช ื•ื•ืืก ื•ืขื•ื“[ โ€“ ื ื•ืขื” ืช ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื•ืงื ืื™ื– ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขื ื“ื•ืจืš ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื‘ ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืืจื ื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื™ื– ื‘ ืžืœืš, ืฆื•ื ื“ืขืจ )ืื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื›ื‘ "ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข" ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื ืžืœืš ืขืจ ื–ืืœ ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ ื‘

ืจื”( โ€“ "ืื ื ืขืžืขืŸ" ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืช

ื™ ืจืช ืช ื“ืืš ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ ืขืช ืžืขืŸ ืฉ ื“ืกืชืจื™: ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช )ืฆื•ื ืžืœืš( ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ( ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ )ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืš ื ืืจ ื“ืืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ ืฉ ืฆืจื›ื™ื )ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ โ€“ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช( ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื”ืื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉ ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ื” ืž ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช'ื“ื™ืงืข ืฆืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืฉื•ืช ืง ื‘ ืžื™ื•ืช'ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืฉ ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ ื” ื•ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื“ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ )ื•ื•ืืก ื”ื•ืช ื”ื’ ื‘ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื› ื ื”, ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ

ืžื™ื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช(ื›ื’.

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉ ืขืก ื•ื•ืืก ]ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื™ื•ืžื™ ืขื˜ืŸ "ื‘ ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื”ืจื›ื“, ืื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื‘ ืชืจื” ื•ื›ืค ืกืœื™ื—ื” "ืžื–ื•ื ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื›ืคื•ืจื™" ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ื", ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื› ืชื‘ื ื• ืœื—ื™ ื™, ื› ื•ื—ื™

ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | TO POUR OUT OUR SOUL S9

whine, โ€œGive, give,โ€ because they think only about themselves and not about the Divine Presence.

Conversely, however, these requests for our material needs were placed in the order of prayer ordained by the Sages, who explained that this is an appropriate time for G-d to grant the fulfillment of these requests. Accordingly, it can be understood that one should not only make these requests out of kabbalas ol โ€“ i.e., since G-d commanded the Jews to petition for their needs on Rosh HaShanah, one does so solely to carry out G-dโ€™s will โ€“ but also one should ask in a manner that shows his person-al desire and feeling for those matters that he is requesting.

On one hand, a person must desire and have the intent in these portions of the prayers that G-d should provide him with what he needs.29 This requires him to be con-scious of his own existence, to feel that he is lacking something. Simultaneously, however, he should be entirely permeated with carry-ing out G-dโ€™s request โ€œMake Me King over you,โ€ which requires complete bittul, taking him entirely beyond his individual existence.

The Difference between Rosh HaShanah and the Entire Year

5. On the surface, the same question can be raised regarding our prayers throughout the entire year.30 When reciting the Shemoneh Es-reh prayer, one should see himself as standing before the King31 and while standing before the King, one may not do anything32 that in-

29. Indeed, the fundamental nature of the positive commandment to pray is to petition G-d for what one is lacking. See the beginning of the Tzemach Tzedekโ€™s Shoresh Mitzvas HaTefilah and the sources cited there.

30. See Likkutei Sichos, Vol. 23, p. 217ff.

31. See Shabbos 10a; the Alter Rebbeโ€™s Shulchan Aruch 95:4. Note Berachos 33a, which states that when praying, one must see himself as

standing before the King of kings.

32. See the Alter Rebbeโ€™s Shulchan Aruch 104:2, which states that when praying, a person is standing before the King, therefore, he should not move from his place.

ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื‘", "ื”ื‘ ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฉ ื•ื•ืืก ื›ื™ื ื”. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉ

ืฉื•ืช ืง ื‘ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื™ืกื ื’ ืœืื™ื“ืš ืขืจ ืื‘ื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉ ื”ืื“ื( ืฆืจื›ื™ )ืื•ื™ืฃ ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื” ืคืœ ื”ืช ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ืื– ื“ืืžืืœืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื•ื›ื•', ืฉื•ืช ืง ื”ื‘ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืช ืง ื‘ ื“ื™ ืื– ื˜ืื ื“ื™ืง, ืคืืจืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื โ€“ ืขื•ืœ ืœืช ืงื‘ ื“ ืžืฆ )ื ืืจ( ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืขืจืฉ ืืœื“ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ื ื”, ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื‘ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ ืื™ื“ืŸ ื ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืžืงื™ ืฆื• ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ ืœื•ื™ื–( )ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื– ืื•ืคืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืืจ โ€“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื’ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ

ื™ื[. ืฉ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืง

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืขื )ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื• ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ

ืื™ื ื–ืืœ ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืื– ื“ืื•ื•ื ืขืŸ(, ื™ื™ ืคืื“ืขืจื˜ ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืฆืจื›ื™ืื›ื”, ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจื‘ ื’ืขื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš, ืž'ื–ืืœ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช )ืžืจื’ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื(; ืคืขืœื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ืืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืขืœื™ื›ื", ืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ "ืช ื“ืขื ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื‘ ื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืœืฉ ื ืคืื“ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืืก

ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.

ืข ื–ืขืœื‘ ื“ื™ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”. ื ื” ืœ ื”ืฉ ืคืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื› ื ื•ื’ืข ื“ื™ ืช ืืœื” ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ ืฉ

ื”ื›ื”*: ืœ ื›

ืื™ื– ืจื” ืขืฉ ืžื•ื ื” ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื” ืคืœ ืช ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืืก ืœืšื›ื•, ื”ืž ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื› ืœ ืœ ืžืชืค ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืืจ ืžืœืš ื ืคืืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉ

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ | ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช 10

dicates an awareness of oneโ€™s own identity. Indeed, the Talmud33 relates that even โ€œone who makes an uncalled for gesture before a kingโ€ is liable for the most severe pun-ishment. Nevertheless, together with that, it was ordained in the order of prayer for every Jew to recite the twelve intermediate blessings of the Shemoneh Esreh whose con-tent centers on requesting what one needs.

Nevertheless, there is a great difference between the prayers of Rosh HaShanah and the prayers of the entire year. Throughout the year, after His acceptance of the coronation on Rosh HaShanah, G-d is like a king who over-sees his kingdom. As such, the bittul of the people to the king allows for the perception of their individual existence and personal needs, for the king administers his kingdom for their sake. It is that only when they actually stand before the king that it must be evident that the people do not exist independently; they are subjugated to the king entirely.

However, initially, on Rosh HaShanah, at the time when we first crown G-d as King, He is exalted and removed from carrying on with the functions of His โ€œkingdom.โ€ At this stage, a more encompassing and deep-er bittul is required, a consummate bittul, in which the only identity felt is that of the King. At that stage โ€“ and with that awareness โ€“ how is it possible to ask the King for the fulfillment of personal needs?

Acting for His Sake

6. In resolution: When a Jew asks for what he needs on Rosh HaShanah, his goal should not be his own personal benefit โ€“ not

33. Chagigah 5b. See Likkutei Si-chos, Vol. 4, p. 1050, footnote 13.

ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืขื”ื›ื– ืช ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืžืจืื›ื—, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื–, ]ื‘ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื" ืื™ื– ื ืžื—ื•ื’ ืงื“ืžื™ ืžืœื› ืื– ืืคื™ืœื• "ืžื—ื•ื” ื‘ืคื•ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืืจ ื–ืืš ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื[; ื”ื—ื™ ืš ื”ื™ืคืžืขืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ )ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื“ืŸ( ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืจื›ื•ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช, ื•ื•ืืก ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื” ื“ื™ ื™"ื‘ ื‘ ืคืœ ื”ืช

ืื™ืœืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื•. ืื™ื– โ€“ ืฉ

ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืขืจ ืื‘ืœ ื› ืคืœื•ืช ืช ืื•ืŸ ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ืช ืคืœ ืช ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉ

ื ื”: ื”ืฉ

ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื” ื”ื›ืช ื“ืขืจ ื ืืš ื ื”, ื”ืฉ ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื› ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื”, ื”ืฉ โ€“ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืืก "ืžืœืš" ื ื ื™ ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื“ื™ื ื” ืฆื•ื ืžืœืš ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืื– ืขืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ื”ืžื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื ื“ื™ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื•ืืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื™ ื”ืž ื›ื•' ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ืฉืžืขืŸ ืขืช ืฉ ื‘ ื•ื•ืืก ื ืืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืžืœืš; ื“ืขืจ ืืŸ ืจ ื ื™ื› ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืœืš, ื”ืž ืœืคื ื™ ืฉ ืžืž ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืื™ื– ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื’ืื ืฆืข ื“ื™ ืื– ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื ืืจ ื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืกื˜ืฉ ื–ืขืœื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜

ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืœืš.

ื˜ ืžื›ืชื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจืฉ ืขืช ืื‘ ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืœืก( ืžืœืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืืš ืขืจืฉ ื“ืขื )ืื•ื™ื‘ืœื•ื›ื”, ื’ืขื˜ืจืื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืž ืžืจื•ืžื ืื•ืŸ ืืค

ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ืคืื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ, ื˜ื™ืคืขืจืขืจ ื‘ื–ื™ืš ื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืžืœืš ื–ืืš ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœื”: ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉ ืฉ

ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืœืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฆืจื›ื™ื? ื‘ ื‘ ืžืฆ

ื–ื”: ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ ื•. ื“ืขืจ ื‘

ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ ื‘ ืื™ื“ ื ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฉ ืžื‘ื•ืง ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื”, ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื‘

ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | TO POUR OUT OUR SOUL S11

to possess manifold prosperity in this materi-al world, or even manifold spiritual prosperity. Instead, he should see his requests as a continua-tion of his service of crowning G-d as King.

In order to consummate the objective of the prayer, โ€œReign over the entire world in Your glo-ryโ€ โ€“ that G-dโ€™s sovereignty should be manifest throughout the entire world โ€“ it is necessary for a Jew to involve himself with matters of this world and make it into a place in which G-d will reside.34

There are distinct sparks of holiness that are connected to the soul of each individual Jew; he specifically is destined to elevate them.35 These sparks are enclothed in the material substance of those entities that G-d allocated to each in-dividual as his portion, upon which his Divine service should focus. Therefore, he asks G-d to grant him those material benefits that will en-able him to carry out the portion of the mission that will cause G-d to โ€œreign over the entire worldโ€ that was designated for him individually.

When operating from this perspective, a person does not feel his individual identity in making requests for what he needs on Rosh Ha-Shanah; he is asking solely for G-dโ€™s sake.36 On the contrary, he is being motivated by the con-summate bittul that is required when crowning G-d as King. There is no contradiction between seeking his needs and submitting himself to Godโ€™s sovereignty, because the refinement of these sparks of G-dliness is connected to the very essence of his soul.37

G-dโ€™s โ€œdesire for a dwelling place in the low-est realmโ€38 โ€“ which is carried out through manโ€™s

34. See Tanya, ch. 34.

35. See Kesser Shem Tov, sec. 218 and the teaching of the Baal Shem Tov cited in sec. 8.

36. To use the wording of the

Maggid of Mezritch (Or Torah, loc. cit.), โ€œto generate influence, [enhancing] the indwelling of His omnipotence,โ€ โ€œfor the sake of the Divine Presence.โ€

37. See Likkutei Sichos, Vol. 3, p. 825; Kuntreis Inyano shel Toras HaChassidus, the end of sec. 20.

38. Tanya, the beginning of ch. 36.

ื–ืืœ ืขืจ ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื” )ืื“ืขืจ, ืŸ ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื– ื”ืื‘ื™ื(, ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื ืืคื™ืœื•, ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืš ื”ืžืฉ ืืœืก ื ืืจ

ืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื": "ืช

ื“ื™ ืขืก ื–ืืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ืžืœื•ืš ื›ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื– ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš", ื‘ ืœื• ื› ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืื ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืืœ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื, ืจื•ืš ื‘ ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืง ืœ ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื“ ื ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขื ื ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื” ื”ื– ืขื•ืœื ืขื ื™ื ื™

ืจืš"ื›ื˜; ื‘ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ "ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉ

ืืœื“ ืื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืžื” ื ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืš ืฆื• ื™ ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืžื‘ืจืจ ื“ืืจืฃ )ื“ื•ืงื( ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉ ืžืœื•ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืืก โ€“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸืœ ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืฉ ื™ื ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืœื—ืœืงื• ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• โ€“ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ ืืฉ ื‘ืขืจ ืื– ื˜ืŸ ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ื™ื ื‘ ืื™ื“ ื“ืขืจ ืขื˜ ื‘)ืฆืจื›ื™ื(, ื–ืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืข ืค ืžืฉ ืื™ื ื–ืืœ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ืืœ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื›ืœื•" ื•ื•ืืก )ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ( "ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›

ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื. ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉ

ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉ ืง ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ ื ื ื” ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืžื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉืขื˜ ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืขืจ ื‘ ื”ืจื’ื˜ื 'ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืœื. ืขืจืฉ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืืจ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ื“ืขื ื“ ืžืฆ ื“ื•ืงื ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืืก โ€“ ื” ืจื‘ ื•ืื“ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืž'ืฉ ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ ืชื•ื•ืืจื•ื ืœืš; ื”ืž ืจืช ื”ื›ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืขืจ ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืืŸ ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื  ืืœื“ ืื– ื‘ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืžื”ืœื‘ โ€“ ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืฆื ื”ื 

ื“ื•ืฉ ื” ื”ืง ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ "ื ืชืื• ื• ื ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื› ื›ืฉ ]ื“ื—ืชื•ื ื™ื"ืœื’ ืช ื‘ ื™ืจื” ื“ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืš ื‘

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ | ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช 12

service of refining the worldโ€™s physical substance โ€“ is rooted in G-dโ€™s very Essence.39 Similarly, a Jewโ€™s service in carrying out this mission and actually carrying out G-dโ€™s intent is connected to the very essence of his soul.

When it comes to the essence of a Jewโ€™s soul, the entire concept of personal desire has no rel-evance. As we pray on Sukkos, the essence of the soul is โ€œbonded and attached to You [G-d], its oneness [affirming] Your oneness.โ€40 Thus, re-questing the fulfillment of oneโ€™s needs โ€“ so that one can carry out the Divine intent โ€“ is connect-ed with the bittul of the essence of the soul that is manifest in the service of crowning G-d as King.

Joining Two Opposites

7. On the surface, there is still room to ques-tion the above. Our Sages ordained that every Jew โ€“ regardless of his situation and spiritual stand-ing โ€“ request that his needs be fulfilled on Rosh HaShanah. When a person views himself honestly, he knows that his requests for his physical and spiritual needs on Rosh HaShanah are not solely for the sake of carrying out G-dโ€™s intent. They are โ€“ at least, also in part โ€“ because he feels pressured in a simple sense and he desires that G-d fulfill his personal needs โ€œfrom His fullโ€ฆ and bounti-ful hand.โ€41

This is what constitutes the mitzvah of prayer, as explicitly expressed in the Shemoneh Esreh. In-deed, this is the positive virtue42 and the unique achievement of prayer43 โ€“ that the sick be healed and that rain descend, etc.

39. See the end of the maamar entitled Im Bechukosai, 5667, in the series of maamarim entitled Yom Tov shel Rosh HaShanah, 5666, p. 446.

40. The Hoshaanos prayer for the third day of Sukkos.

41. The Grace after Meals.

42. See Tanya, Kuntreis Acharon, the section entitled Lehavin Masheka-suv BiPri Etz Chayim p. 155a. See Rambam, Hilchos Tefilah 1:2.

43. See the maamar entitled Shir

HaMaalos LeDavid (Toras Men-achem, Sefer HaMaamarim Melukat, Vol. 3, p. 271), et al., which explains the advantage of prayer over blessing โ€“ that prayer generates a new Divine will that brings about a change in material existence.

)ื•ื•ืืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื‘ ืช ืจืฉ ืžื•ืฉ ืื™ื– ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื( ื”ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื“ืŸ )ื•ื•ืืก ืจืš ื–ื” ืื™ื– ื‘ ืจืšืœื“, ืขืœ ื“ ื™ืชื‘ื“ื™ ืื– ืคื•ืขืœ(, ื‘ ื ื” ื• ื› ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืชื[ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืฆื ื ืฉ

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืืš ืื™ื– ืžื” ืฉ ื”ื  ืขืฆื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืš ื™ ืฉ . . ืš ื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” "ื—ื‘ื•ืงื” ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช, ื˜ืื ื“ื™ืง, ืคืืจืฉ ืื™ื– โ€“ ืœื™ื—ื“ืš"ืœื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื“ื™ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื• )ื› ืฉ ืง ืื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”( ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ ื• ื›ื” ืœ ื ืชื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ )ื•ื•ืืก ืžื” ืฉ ื”ื  ืขืฆื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื"(. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ "ืช

ืช ืฉ ืง ื–. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ: ื“ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื ื” ื”ืื‘ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื” ืคืœ ื”ืช ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื‘ ื•ืžืฆ ืžืขืžื“ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื“ืŸ

ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš โ€“ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ ื‘ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืืก ืื– ื™ื”, ื ืคืฉ ื‘)ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื(, )ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉ ื”ื’ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืืœ ืขืก ื“ื™ ื› ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ื ืค ืœ ื› )ืขืœ ื ืืจ ื ื”, ื• ื› ื˜ื 'ืก ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื•ื™ืš(( โ€“ื“ืขืจ ืื– ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ื› "ืžื™ืฆืจ" ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืžืœ ื–ืืœ ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ื“ื• ื”ืžืœืื” ื 'ืก( ืฆืจื›ื™ื "ืžื™ )ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจื‘ ื•ืื“ ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”" ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ ื•ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืžืฆื•ื”, ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฉ ื‘ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื” ืคืœ ื”ืช โ€“ ื” ืคืœ ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืœื”ืœื• ื“ื™

ื ื›ื•'. ืฉ ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืจื“ ื”ื’ ืชืจืค ื™ ืฉ

ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | TO POUR OUT OUR SOUL S13

If one were told that during the prayers of Rosh HaShanah, he should ignore his phys-ical needs entirely and instead focus solely on crowning G-d as King and fully accept-ing the yoke of His sovereignty, there would be no question. In the spiritual climate of that time, when โ€œthe Source of Light draws close to the spark [within manโ€™s soul],โ€44 ev-ery Jew is capable of being aroused with a deep, essential drive to come close to G-d and, as a result, forget about his own needs, and focus solely on the desire to be together with the King.

However, how can every Jew be asked to join these two polar opposites โ€“ a) that he pay attention to his own needs and de-sire that G-d fulfill them, and b) at the same time, do so without involving his own feel-ings and interests but, rather, be focused solely on G-dโ€™s purpose?

When a Jewโ€™s Inner Motivation Surfaces

8. This question can be answered based on the Baal Shem Tovโ€™s45 interpretation of the verse in Psalms,46 โ€œBoth hungry and thirsty, their souls languished within.โ€ A Jewโ€™s physical hunger and thirst for food or drink stems from his soulsโ€™ inner longing. His soul desires to refine the sparks of ho-liness embedded in the material substance of that food or drink, because these sparks were destined for him, and G-dโ€™s masterplan requires that he specifically refine them.

Although the person feels merely natural

44. Derech Chayim, pp. 13d, 21b, 91a; Kuntreis HaAvodah, the end of ch. 5. The intent is that this is a time when G-dliness shines forth powerfully, inspiring the inner G-dly

spark in every Jewโ€™s heart.

45. Kesser Shem Tov, sec. 194 (p. 25c โ€“ p. 110, in the latest edition). See the letter of my revered father-

in-law, the Rebbe, whose contents are cited in Likkutei Sichos, Vol. 1, p. 177.

46. Tehillim 107:5.

ืœืžื ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืž'ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืžืื ื˜ ืฉ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ื˜ ืœืœ ื› ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ืช ืคืœ ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืœ ืขืจ ืื– ืฆืจื›ื™ื, ืžื™ื•ืช'ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ โ€“ ืขืœื™ื›ื" ืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ "ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืจืš โ€“ ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ื“ืืก ื™ืชื‘ ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื–ื™ืš ืงื‘

ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ: ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉ

ื•ื•ืืจื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืช ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืฅ"ืœื–, ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ ืื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ื  ื”ืžืฆื• ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ื–ื–ื” ื ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืฆื• ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื˜ืŸ, ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฆืจื›ื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืืจ ืŸ ื”ืื‘

"ืžืœืš".

ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืŸ, ืื– ื•ื•ื™ ืžืื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ: ืขืจ ื™ื™ ืื™ื ื–ืืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ ื‘ื–ืืœ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื ืžืžืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืืœ ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืื– ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ

ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืคื ื–ืืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ืืจ ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ

ื˜ื 'ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ? ืขืจืฉ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘

ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืค ื—. ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืก ืคืืจืฉื ื’ "ืจืขื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืงืœื˜ ืค ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื— ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฃ" โ€“ ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืชืขื˜ ื”ื ืช ื ื‘ ืฆืžืื™ื ื ืคืฉืื“ืขืจ ืžืื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืฆื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื ืงื”, ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืก "ื ืคืฉื ื‘ ืžืฉืฃ" โ€“ ื“ืขืจ ื ืคืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžื‘ืจืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ืชืขื˜ ืชื“ื™ )ื•ื•ืืจื•ื ืงื” ื•ืžืฉ ืžืื›ืœ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”ื•ื )ื“ื•ืงื( ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื, "ืฉ ื™ ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช

ืŸ"(. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืง

ื“ืืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื– ื›ืื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื™ืœื˜

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ | ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช 14

hunger that stems from his body, the true moti-vation of his hunger stems from his soul and its desire to refine the sparks of holiness in the food destined for him.

Similarly, with regard to the matter at hand, when a Jew pleads to G-d on Rosh HaShanah that He fulfill his physical and spiritual needs, externally it appears that what motivates him is his personal desire for children, health, suste-nance and other concerns connected with his own self. However, the inner truth that is arousing the outpouring of his soul is the hunger of his soul to fulfill G-dโ€™s intent to fashion a dwelling for Him from these material entities.

On Rosh HaShanah, we see Jews being awak-ened from the depths of their hearts when reciting the Unasaneh Tokef prayer โ€“ when hearing that on this day, judgment will be issued regarding โ€œwho shall be [granted] tranquili-ty and who will [be compelled to] wander,โ€ to a greater degree than when asking, โ€œReign over the entire world in Your glory.โ€ This is not a spir-itual failing. On the contrary, this reflects what is genuinely true, the fundamental motivation in a Jewโ€™s heart.

Of course, the apparent reason is that, since the personโ€™s soul is lodged in his body and, con-sequently, he feels himself closer to his body than to his soul, the matters of this world mean more to him than spiritual matters. However, the inner reason and motivation is G-dโ€™s essential desire for a dwelling specifically in the lowest realm, as stated in sec. 6. Accordingly, since a Jew is iden-tified with G-dโ€™s Essence, this is what touches the essence of his soul.

His arousal โ€“ specifically when reciting these requests for material matters โ€“ stems from the essential drive within his soul to carry out G-dโ€™s intent to make this world a dwelling for Him.

ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช'ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ื‘ ืขืจ ืื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื“ ืžืฆื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืžื” ืฆื• ื ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ" ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ ืฉ ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ

ืื™ื.

ื“ืืก ืขื ื™ื ื ื•: ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื” ืจืš ื“ ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ืขื˜ ื‘ ืื™ื“ ื ื•ื•ืืก ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืืœ ืขืจืฉ ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื•' ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืชื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉ ื”ื’ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ ืื™ื ืขืก ืื™ื– ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ ืื– ื™ ืค ืขืœ ]ืืฃ ืื™ื– ื ื•ื’ืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจื•ื™ืฃ ื“ ืžืฆื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื™, ื™ ื—ื™ ื ื™ ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืžืช ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ[ ืื‘ ืื™ื– ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืคืฉ โ€“ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื  ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉ ืคื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืžื” ื ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ" ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื ื” ื• ื›

ืจืš. ื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื• ื™ืชื‘ ืžื™ ืฉ ื’

ื”: ื“ืืก ื’ื•ืคื ื•ื•ืืก ืž'ื–ืขื˜, ืื– ืจื‘ ื•ืื“ื” "ื•ื ืชื  ื–ืื’ืŸ ื™ื™ื ื‘ ื ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื“ืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ื›ื•' ืžื™ ื™ื ื•ื— ื›ื•'" ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื ืืš ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ืœื• ื› ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ "ืžืœื•ืš ื–ืื’ืŸ ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื™ ืื– ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”, ื ืื™ื– โ€“ ื›ื•' ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš" ื‘

ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ. ืืžื™ืช ืื™ื– ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื‘

ืœื•ื™ ื™ ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ื’ ื•ื•ืืจื•ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคืžื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ื ืฉื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื” ื”ื– ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ื™ื โ€“ ืื™ื– ืื‘ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื ื” ื• ื› ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืขื, ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืžื™ ืคื“ื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ )ื“ื•ืงื( ืื™ื– ืจืš ื™ืชื‘ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื•(, ืกืขื™ืฃ "ืœ ื  )ื› ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื

ื“ืขืจื ืขืžื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื ืื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืœื•; ืคืฉ ืฉ ื”ื 

ื•ื›ื•' ื ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ ื•ื•ืืก ื“ื•ืงื, ืฉื•ืช ืง ื‘ ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ื–ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื ื” ื• ื› ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืžื” ืฉ ื”ื 

ืจืš. ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื• ื™ืชื‘

ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | TO POUR OUT OUR SOUL S15

Redefining What โ€œFor Meโ€ Means

9. It is possible to say that from the standpoint of our Divine service, this is the reason that it was ordained to recite the story of Chanahโ€™s prayer as the Haftarah for Rosh HaShanah and to include in it the challenge issued by Eli the kohen, โ€œHow long will you make a spectacle of your drunkenness?โ€

Eliโ€™s rebuke was based on the logic that when one stands โ€œbefore G-d,โ€16 โ€œbefore the Holy of Holies,โ€47 nothing else should matter except the fact that one is standing โ€œbefore G-d.โ€48 In such a place, it is not fitting to focus on material things even a request like Chanahโ€™s, โ€œIf you will give your maidservant a male childโ€ฆ.โ€49 Especially, since she โ€œprolonged her prayer,โ€50 Eli considered this as โ€œdrunkenness,โ€ preoccupation with appropriate โ€“ but still person-al (โ€œIf you will give your maidservantโ€) โ€“ desires.51 Her desire was so strong that she did not realize where she was standing โ€“ that she was standing โ€œbefore G-d.โ€

To this challenge, Chanah replied, โ€œI poured out my soul before G-d.โ€ Not only was her prayer for a son not the result of her intoxication with her per-sonal desires, on the contrary, it was an outpouring of the inner dimensions of her soul that is appro-priate particularly when one stands โ€œbefore G-d,โ€ as reflected in the verse,52 โ€œMy heart says, โ€˜Seek My countenanceโ€™ (panai); I will seek Your countenance, O G-d.โ€ Panai, translated as โ€œcountenance,โ€ shares

47. Ralbag, I Shmuel 1:12.

48. Note the teaching of the Baal Shem Tov (Kesser Shem Tov, sec. 97) on the verse (Tehillim 102:1), โ€œThe prayer of a poor manโ€ฆ he will pour out his words before G-d.โ€ As the Baal Shem Tov explains, the poor man does not desire anything. His request is only that he be able to โ€œpour out his soul before G-d.โ€ See the maamar entitled Beyom Ashtei-Asar Yom, 5731 (Toras Menachem, Sefer HaMaamarim Melukat, Vol. 3, p. 133).

49. I Shmuel 1:11.

50. Note that the prayer that the Kohen Gadol recited in the Outer Sanctuary immediately after departing the Holy of Holies (Yoma 53b) on Yom Kippur was a short prayer (ibid. 52b).

51. The description of her prayer (I Shmuel 1:13), โ€œonly her lips were moving, but her voice could not be heard,โ€ was not proof that Eli thought she was intoxicated in a simple sense. Instead, he thought

that she was intoxicated with her prayer. Why were only her lips moving? Because a) she was greatly intoxicated with her prayers for a worldly concern to the extent that โ€œonly her lips were movingโ€ฆ.โ€ She was so wrapped up in her prayer that she could do no more than move her lips. Furthermore, b) this indeed is the manner in which one should pray, as stated in Berachos 31a.

52. Tehillim 27:8; Likkutei Torah, Devarim 44b-c, 66c ff.

ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ืื– ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ื˜. ื”ืื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื ื”, ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื‘ ื” ื—ื  ืช ืคืœ ืชืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ "ืขื“ ืžืชื™

ืจื™ืŸ ื’ื•'": ื› ืช ืฉ ืช

ืื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืœื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื“ื™ โ€“ ื”'" "ืœืคื ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉ ืžืขืŸ ืขืช ืฉ ื‘ื“ืืจืฃ โ€“ ื™ื"ืž ื“ืฉ ื”ืง ื™ ืงื“ืฉ "ืœืคื ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื– ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– "ืœืคื ื™ ื”'"ืžื; ืคืืจ ืฉื•ืช ืง ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืืŸ ืืจื˜ ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืžื™ ืฉ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื” ืœืืžืชืš ื–ืจืข ื” ื•ื•ื™ "ื•ื ืชืช ืฉ ืง ืื–ื ื‘ืืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืืš ืคืจื˜ ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื"ืžื‘, ืื ืฉ โ€“ ืœ"ืžื’ ืœ ืœื”ืชืค "ื”ืจื‘ืชื” ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืจื•ืช" ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ "ืฉ ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ื ืžืฆืขืจ ื“ืืš ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื‘ื” ืœืืžืชืš( ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชืžื“; ืื™ืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ )ื•ื ืชืชื–ื™ืš ื˜ ื›ืืค ื–ื™ ืื– ื˜ืืจืง ืฉ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืื• ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฉ

"ืœืคื ื™ ื”'".

ื” ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืื˜ ื—ื ื ื™ื˜ ื”'": ืœืคื ื™ ื™ ื ืคืฉ ืืช ืคื•ืš "ื•ืืฉื™ื ื” ืคืืจ ื–ืจืข ืื ืฉ ืคืœ ื ืืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืชื—ืก ื›ืจื•ืช" "ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืืจ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช, ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื ื•ืฉืื•ื™ืกื’ื•ืก ืืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืืก โ€“ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ | ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช 16

its root letters with the word pโ€™nimiyus, โ€œinner dimension.โ€ A Jew seeks the inner dimensions of his heart, because he is seeking the inner dimension of G-d, and the inner dimensions of a Jewโ€™s heart has no personal desires. Its en-tire existence is โ€œbonded and attached to You [G-d].โ€53

For this reason, it is also understood why, in her request, Chanah included a vow, imme-diately promising that if she was granted a son, she would โ€œdedicate him to G-d for all the days of his life.โ€49 Chanahโ€™s sonโ€™s entire life would not be his own, but would be dedicated to G-d. Her request for a son was not for herself, but solely for G-dโ€™s purposes54 โ€“ and that was sensed by the inner dimensions of her soul.

What We Ask for on Rosh HaShanah

10. On this basis, every Jew can derive a les-son regarding his prayers on Rosh HaShanah. It is not enough that the inner dimension of a Jew be as it should; this inner dimension must be expressed in a revealed manner. There-fore, when a Jew stands before G-d on Rosh HaShanah and asks for the fulfillment of his material or even spiritual needs, the โ€œEli the kohenโ€ within his soul asks, โ€œHow long will you make a spectacle of your drunkenness?โ€ Why are you thinking about worldly matters and personal needs at the time the King is be-ing coronated?

53. It is possible to explain that Eli did not realize Chanahโ€™s intent because the motivation of a kohen (and a Levite) is to โ€œdistance themselves from the ways of the world and stand in service before G-dโ€ (Rambam, Hilchos Shemitah VeYovel 13:13).

Certainly, this applies according to the opinion that Eli was the Kohen

Gadol [Midrash Shmuel which in some editions is also referred to as Midrash Shocher Tov, the end of ch. 1, Radak, Ralbag (I Shmuel 1:9)], who should โ€œabide in the Beis Ha-Mikdash the entire dayโ€ (Rambam, Hilchos Kโ€™lei HaMikdash 5:7). From this standpoint, asking for oneโ€™s needs and โ€œstand[ing] before G-dโ€ are two opposites.

54. This is also reflected in the wording Chanah used in her re-quest. She asked for zera anashim. Our Sages (Yalkut Shimoni on the verse) interpret that phrase as refer-ring to โ€œwise, understanding, great and righteous menโ€ฆ [dedicated] to the name of the Holy One, blessed be He.โ€

ืคืฉ, ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืืก ื“ื•ืงื ื”ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœืคื ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ ืžืฆ ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉ ื )ื•ื•ืืจื•ื( ืคื ื™ ืฉื• ืง "ื‘ ืืžืจืžื” ื  ืฉ ื•ื›ืžื• ื”'", ืฉ"ืžื•, ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™ืš ื”' ืื‘ืงื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื” ืœ ื› ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื

ืš"; "ื—ื‘ื•ืงื” ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” ื‘

ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื–ื™ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืจ ืžื ื“ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื” ืฉ ืง ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื™ื• ื™ื", ืื™ื– โ€“ "ื•ื ืชืช "ื•ื ืชืช ืœืืžืชืš ื–ืจืข ืื ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœื”' ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•"ืžื‘: ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืœืขื‘

ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ )ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ, ื ืืจ( ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืจืข ืฉ ืง ื˜ืŸ; ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืจ ื‘ ืขืจืฉ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื‘ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืžื–, ื˜ื 'ืก ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขื

ื ื™ืžื”. ื” ืค ื ืคืฉ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื‘

ื ืื™ื“ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•"ื“. ื” ืคืœ ืช ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืš ื™ืชื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ ื”ื•ืจืื”

ื ื”: ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉ ื‘

ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืค ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืค ื“ื™ ื ืืจ ื“ื‘ืขื™, ื› ืื™ื– ืื™ื“ืŸ ื ื ืขืช ืฉ ื‘ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ื’ืœื•ื™. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ื ื‘ ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ ื ื” ื”ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฉ ืื™ื“ ืื“ืขืจ ื™ื, ืžื™ ืฉ ื”ื’ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืŸ ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘"ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ ื“ื™ ื“ื ืื™ื– โ€“ ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื: ืฆื• ื˜ืขื ื”'ื˜ ื•ื•ืืก ื ืคืฉื•, ื‘ ืฉ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ" ืจื™ืŸ"! ื•ื•ืืก ืคืืจ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื› ืช ืฉ "ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื” ื”ื– ืขื•ืœื ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜

ืœืš! ืจืช ื”ืž ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ื–ืžืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืช

ROSH HASHANAH-VAV TISHREI | TO POUR OUT OUR SOUL S17

Nevertheless, a Jew must ask for these mat-ters. On the contrary, the question calls forth Chanahโ€™s answer โ€“ which was given on behalf of every Jew, even one who at that time thinks about his needs for his own personal desires. The inner motivation for those requests is Chanahโ€™s answer, โ€œI poured out my soul before G-d.โ€ These words are an expression of the in-ner dimension the soul which is โ€œbonded and attached to You [G-d],โ€ which is entirely one with G-dโ€™s Essence.55

Chanahโ€™s answer satisfied Eliโ€™s challenge en-tirely, so much so that he agreed with her and gave her his blessing and promise that โ€œthe G-d of Israel will grant the request that you asked of Him.โ€56 So, too, may G-d grant the requests of every Jew for a good and sweet year and may that be manifest in the most straightforward way โ€“ in revealed and apparent good, regard-ing children, health, and sustenance with abundance in everything.

55. See the interpretation of our Sagesโ€™ statement (Bava Basra 10b), โ€œI am giving this sela to tzedekah so that my son will live,โ€ in Likkutei Sichos, Vol. 5, p. 247ff. (translated in Selections from Likkutei Sichos,

Bereishis, p. 581), that โ€œalthough outwardly he is performing the mitzvah with an ulterior motive, since inwardly his heart is directed to G-d, not only is the deed of tze-dakah (itself) perfect, the deed also

affects the person himself, and when focusing on his inner dimensions, he is deemed โ€“ through this deed โ€“ a complete tzaddik.โ€

56. I Shmuel 1:17.

ืคืืจ ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื›ืŸ, ื™ ืค ืขืœ ืืฃ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืคื ื“ืืก โ€“ ื” ืจื‘ ืื“ ื“ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ ื‘ ืื– ื”, ื—ื  ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื“ืขื ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื“, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื”ืฆื˜ืจื›ื•ืช'ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื” โ€“ ืืŸ ืฉ ืง ื‘ ื“ื™ ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ( ืค ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื– )ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”'", ื ืคืฉื™ "ื•ืืฉืคื•ืš ืืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืคืฉ, ื”ื  ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืค ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ื•ืก ืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืš", ื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” "ื—ื‘ื•ืงื” ืื™ื–

ืจืš. ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘

ื” ื—ื  ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื ืฉ ื› ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื˜ืขื ืช ืขืœื™, ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื, ืขืœื™ ื”ืื˜ ืžืกื› ืจื‘ ืื“ ื™ื– ืื–, ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ ืฆื• ื™ื– ื‘ โ€“ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ "ื•ืืœืงื™ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”( )ืื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžืขืžื•"ืžื— ืืœืช ืฉ ืจ ืืฉ ืœืชืš ืฉ ืืช ืŸ ื™ืชื ืžืžืœ ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื” ืฉ ื ืคืืจ ืื™ื“ืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื” ืฉ ืง ื‘ ื“ื™ ืจืื” ื”ื  ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ โ€“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื› ื•ืžืชื•ืงื”, ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

ื( ืจื•ื™ื—ื™. ื™ ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื™ )ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื™ ื’ืœื”, ื‘ ื•ื”ื 

)ืžืฉื™ื—ืช ื™ื•ื ื‘ืณ ื“ืจ"ื” ืชืฉืœ"ื•(

ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืืจืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื )*ื”ืฆื“ืงื ื™ืช ืžืจืช ื—ื ื” ืชื ืฆื‘ืดื” )ืืžื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืดื(. ืื“ืžื•ืดืจ ื›ืดืง โ€“ ื™ื‘ืœื—ืดื˜ โ€“ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื ืกืชืœืงื”

ื”ืžื ื—ื” ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื›ืดื”. ื”ืžื•ืดืœ.ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœื, ื )"ื•ืžืคื˜ื™ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื”"(, ื˜ื•ืจ ื( ืกืดื‘ ืกืชืงืคืดื“ ืื•ืดื— )ื•ืื“ื”ืดื–( ื•ืฉื•ืดืข

)ืกืดื–(.ืฉืžื•ืืœึพื ื, ื‘. ื‘(

ื‘ืื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’( ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืกื“ืจ )ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื

ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื”. ื•ืขื•ื“(.

ื–ื—ืดื’ ื ื’, ื‘. ื•ืขื•ื“. ื’*( ืื“ื”ืดื– ืฉื•ืดืข ืฉื. ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืจืดืŸ ืจืฉืดื™ ื“(

ืฉื.ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ื, ื. ื•ืฉื ื ืกืžืŸ. ื”(

"ื›ืžื” ืกืขืดื( ืœื, )ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืžื—ื–ืดืœ ื•( ื”ืœื›ืชื ื’ื‘ืจื•ื•ืชื ืื™ื›ื ืœืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ื ื™

ืงืจืื™ ื“ื—ื ื”".

ื )ืจื™ื“, ืฉืœื• ื”ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉ ืžืกื›ืช ื–( ื—ื–ืดืœ ื›ื“ืจืฉืช ื“ืœื ื•ื”ื•ื โ€“ ื‘ื”ื’ื”ืดื”(. )ืฉื, ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืขืœ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ )ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืฉื ื•ืจืื” ื”ื”ื•ื. ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ืขืœื” ื’( ื”ืคืกื•ืง )ืฉื, ื“( ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื( ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืช

ืขืœื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ.

ืฉืžื•ืืœึพื ืฉื, ื™ื’ึพื˜ื•. ื—(

ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ื“ืขืœื™ ื ืชืžื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื˜( ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื˜( ืฉื, )ืจืฉืดื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืขื. ื•ื’ื ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื“ื™ืŸ "ื“ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ โ€“ ืกืชื ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื•" )ืฉื‘ืช ื™, ื. ื•ืฉื ื ืกืžืŸ(, ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ )ืขื™ื™ืŸ

ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื—, ื‘(.ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื“ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื”ื™ื ื“ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ืจืขื•ืชื ื“ืœื‘ื )ื–ื—ืดื’ ืœื˜, ื(, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ . . ืคื™ ื ื’ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืขื ื™ื ื ืžื” ืฉ"ื”ื•ื‘ื“ืœื• ื”ืœื›ื•ืช )ืจืžื‘ืดื ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช" ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจืคืดื“( ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืœื™ ื ื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื‘ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฉื” ื•ืœืฉื ื‘ื–ื” ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืฉื ื”( ื‘ ืžื•, )ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื

ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช.ื™ื’ ืฉื, ืฉืžื•ืืœึพื )ื•ืขื•ื“( ืจืฉืดื™ ืจืื” ื™( ืฉื. ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืžืคืจืฉื™ )ื™ื‘(. ื™ื“ ืืคืจื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ืฉืœืžื” ืœืฉื•ืดืข ืื•ืดื—

ืกื™ืณ ืงื. ื•ืขื•ื“.ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงื›ื’, ื. ื™ื( ืฉืžื•ืืœึพื ืฉื, ื™ื’. ื™ื‘(

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”-ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ | ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช 18

ืฉื, ื™ื‘. ื™ื’( ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืกื™ื“ื•ืจ )ืงื˜ื–, ื(, ื“ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื™ื“( ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืฉืชื›ืจื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ ืขื“ ืขืœื™

"ืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื•ืœื ืžื™ื™ืŸ".ืจืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื‘ ื•ื‘ืจืฉืดื™ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื˜ื•( ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ื”ืžืืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ื“ืดื” ืฉืงืกืดื“ ื“ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื—ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฆืคื” ืงืฆืช ืขื™ื•ืŸ )ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืงืฉืชื” ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืฉื ืœื, ื‘: ืืžืจื” ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืืžืช(. ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื•ืณ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืžืขืœืช ื”ืžืืจื™ืš ื ื›ืœืœ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื. ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชืคืœืชื• ืจื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืฉื•ืดืข ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื”

ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื–.ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื, ื”. ื˜ื–(

ืžืฉืœื™ ืœ, ื—. ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ื–( ื ื“, ื“. ื ื”, ืกื•ืฃ ืขืดื“. ื“ืดื” ื›ื™ ื—ืง ืชืฉืดื™

ืกืคืดื–.ื“ืดื” ื›ื™ ื—ืง ืฉื. ื•ืขื•ื“. ื™ื—(

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื ื•, ื. ื™ื˜( 1145 ืขืณ ื—ืดื“ ืœืงื•ืดืฉ ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ืจืื” ื›( ื•ืื™ืœืš. 1354 ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื—"ื˜ ืขืณ 434 ื•ืื™ืœืš.

450 ื•ืื™ืœืš. 489 ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื•ืฉื ื ืกืžืŸ.ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื˜ื–, ื. ืœื“, ื‘. ื›ื(

ื™ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ืดื” ืชืงืขื• ืชืฉืดื ืคืดื‘. ื“"ื” ื›ื‘( ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืชืฉืดื’ ืค"ื‘.

ื”ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืจืคืดื’ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื’( ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื ื˜, ื‘.ืชืงื•ืŸ ื• )ื›ื‘, ื(. ื•ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืจื‘ ื›ื“( ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ื’ืฉ. ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ืดืœ ืฉื ืกืขืดื’(. )ืงื—, ืขื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืดื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• )ื“ืดื” ืืœ ืชืขืฉ(. ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื›ืชืจ

ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื•.ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื“ืชืคืœื” ื›ื”( ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื”ืณ ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืกืจ ืœื• ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ

ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” )ืจืื” ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืžื— ื‘ืชื—ืœืชื•, ื”ืชืคืœื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืจืฉ ืฆื“ืง

ื•ืฉื ื ืกืžืŸ(.ื•ืจืื” ืœืงื•ืดืฉ ื—ื›ืดื’ ืขืณ 217 ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื›ื”*(

ืื•"ื— ืื“ื”ืดื– ืฉื•ืดืข ื. ื™, ืฉื‘ืช ืจืื” ื›ื•( ืกื•"ืก ืฆื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื’, ืจื™ืฉ ืขืดื:

ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื›ื•'.ืจืื” ืฉื•ืดืข ืื“ื”ืดื– ืกื™ืณ ืงื“ ืกืดื‘: ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ื–(

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžืžืงื•ืžื•.ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”, ื‘. ื•ืจืื” ืœืงื•ืดืฉ ื—ืดื“ ืขืณ 1050 ื›ื—(

ื”ืขืจื” 13.ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื™ื ืคืœืดื“. ื›ื˜(

ืชื•ืจืช ืจื™ื—. ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื›ืชืจ ืจืื” ืœ( ื”ื‘ืขืฉืดื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืกืขื™ืฃ

ื—.ืฉื( ืชื•ืจื” )ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœื( โ€œื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขื•ื–ื•โ€, ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ืช โ€œืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข

ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”โ€.825. ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืจืื” ื’ื ืœืงื•ืดืฉ ื—ืดื’ ืขืณ ืœื‘(

ืขื ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืกื•ืกืดื›.ืชื ื™ื ืจืคืœโ€ื•. ืœื’(

ืชืจืกืดื– ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™ ืื ืกื“ืดื” ืจืื” ืœื“( )ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืชืจืกืดื•(.ื”ื•ืฉืขื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื’โ€™. ืœื”(

ืžืดืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืดื” ืงื•ืดื ืชื ื™ื ืจืื” ืœื•( ืชืคืœื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจืžื‘ืดื ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืคืขืดื—.

ืคืดื ื”ืดื‘.ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื’, ืจื™ืฉ ืขืดื“. ื›ื, ืกืขโ€ื‘. ืฆื, ืœื–(

ื. ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกืคืดื”.ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื“ )ื›ื”, ื’(. ื•ืจืื” ืœื—( ืžื›ืชื‘ ื›ืดืง ืžื•ืดื— ืื“ืžื•โ€ืจ )ื ืขืชืง ืชื•ื›ื ื•

ื‘ืœืงื•ืดืฉ ื—ืดื ืขืณ 177(.ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื–, ื”. ืœื˜(

ืจืœื‘ืดื’ ืฉืžื•ืืœึพื ืฉื, ื™ื‘. ืž( ืฉื )ื›ืชืจ ื”ื‘ืขืฉืดื˜ ืžืชื•ืจืช ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื(

ื˜ื•ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฆื–( ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง )ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื‘, ื™ืฉืคื•ืš ื”ืณ ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื•ืณ ืœืขื ื™ โ€œืชืคืœื” ื(

ืฉื™ื—ื•โ€.ืฉืžื•ืืœึพื ืฉื, ื™ื. ืžื‘(

ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืชืคืœืช ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื’( ืฉื”ื™ืชื” โ€“ ื‘( ื ื’, )ื™ื•ืžื ื‘ื™ื•ื”ื›ืดืค

โ€œืชืคืœื” ืงืฆืจื”โ€ )ืฉื ื ื‘, ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื ื”(.ืฉืคืชื™ื” โ€œืจืง ื™ื’( )ืฉื, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืžื” ืžื“( ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉ โ€“ ื™ืฉืžืขโ€ ืœื ื•ืงื•ืœื” ื ืขื•ืช ื›ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขืœ ืžื•ืจื” ื( ื–ื” ืื: ื”ื–ื”(, ืขื•ืœื ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืขืœ )ื‘ื”ืชืคืœื” ืฉืœื” ื‘( ื›ืŸ ื’ื•โ€™. ื ืขื•ืช ืฉืคืชื™ื” ืฉืจืง ืขื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช )ืœื,

ืกืขืดื(.ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื–, ื—. ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื“, ืžื”(

ื‘ึพื’. ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกื•, ื’ ื•ืื™ืœืš.ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ื–ื” ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”, ืžื•( )ื•ืœื•ื™( ื”ื•ื ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืฉืจืช

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ )ืจืžื‘ืดื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื”ื“ื™ืขื” ]ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืกื•ืคืŸ( ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ )ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืืœ )ืฉื•ื—ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘( ืฉื, ืฉืžื•ืืœึพื ื•ืจืœื‘ืดื’ ืจื“ืดืง ืกืคืดื. ื˜( โ€“ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื )ืจืžื‘ืดื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืคืดื” ื”ืดื–([ โ€“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืื™ืœืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ื”ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื.โ€œื–ืจืข โ€“ ื’ื•ืคื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืชื” ื’ื ื›ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืžื–( ืื ืฉื™ืโ€, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื—ื–ืดืœ )ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื โ€œืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง( ืขืœ )ื—ื ื”( . . ืืžืจื” ื•ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื

ืฉื”ื ืœืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”โ€.ืฉื, ื™ื–. ืžื—(

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