2
www.nioc.ir 30 [1390 ﺗﻴﺮﻣﺎﻩ] . [ 80 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ] ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ؛ﮔﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ- ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳــﺮ ﺩﻧﻴــﺎ ﺑــﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑــﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀــﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘــﻮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻧﻔــﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ. ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﺑﻪ2 ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻋــﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻛﺮﺑﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﻣﺨﺎﻃــﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺴــﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣــﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨــﻲ ﻳــﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫــﺎﻱ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ. ﻋﻮﺍﻣــﻞ ﻣﺆﺛــﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻻﺳــﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣــﺪﺕ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛــﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑــﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﻨــﺪ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ، ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸــﺖ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳــﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ. ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔــﺬﺍﺭ ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺴــﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧــﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑــﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺍﮔﺮﭼــﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﭘﺮﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤــﻞ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ، ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫــﺪﻑ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺧﻴــﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠــﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺸــﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳــﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ، ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ.3 (SHC) ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ- ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻧﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳــﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌــﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ(ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ) ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ﻣــﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ. ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃــﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻛﺮﺑﻨــﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﺸــﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬــﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻴــﻢ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳــﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺴــﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑــﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬــﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺘــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨــﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ[1]. ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ- ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵً ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﺴــﻚ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴــﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘــﻲ ﻫﻤﭽــﻮﻥ ﻛﻠــﺮﺍﺩﻭ، ﻛﺎﻧــﺎﺩﺍ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﻳــﻦ ﻣﺨــﺰﻥً ﻛﺎﻣﻼ4 ﺫﺧﻴــﺮﻩ ﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌــﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻻﻳﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑــﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ،UGS ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﭼﺎﻟــﺶ ﺍﺻﻠــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑــﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱUGS ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨــﺎﺯﻥ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺳــﺖ. ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳــﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳــﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪً ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊﺍﻧﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫــﺎ ﻋﻤﻼ ﻣﺴــﺘﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴــﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧــﺮﺥ ﺑــﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤــﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﭼــﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ80) ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤــﺮ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ. ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ، ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱﺩﺭ) ﻭ ﻳــﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ( ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﺨــﺎﺯﻥ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳــﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻃــﻖ ﺷــﻬﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺴــﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴــﻦ ﺯﻳﺴــﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨــﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻠﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.5 ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺸﺖSHC ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻝ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳــﺖ. ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫــﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﻴــﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ) ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴــﺎﺕ ﺭﺋﻮﻟﻮژﻱ، ﺳــﻴﺎﻝ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ، ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻏــﺎﺏ، ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺑﻨــﺪﻯ ﻭ. ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ( ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺷــﻲ16 ﺗــﺎ12 ﮔﺴــﺘﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥﻫــﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻧــﺪ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤــﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻳــﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺳــﺖ.280 ﺗــﺎ68 ﻃﺒــﻖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴــﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴــﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ[2] .(1 ﺟﺪﻭﻝ) ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ1 ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﺩﺧﺎﻧﻲ1 [email protected] 2 Zonal Isolation 3 Self - Healing Cement 4 Underground Gas Storage (UGS) 5 Leak-free wells
Self - Healing Cement_Iran E & P Magazine, 2011
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SHC _ IR E & P MAg 2010
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