Self healing grid strategies

8/18/2019 Self healing grid strategies

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© ABB Group

April 19, 2016 | Slide 1

How to determine the right self healing grid

strategy to achieve your budget and reliabilitygoals: A look at three business models


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Self healing grid strategiesPresenter

© ABB Group April 19, 2016 | Slide 2

Cleber Angelo

Outdoor Medium Voltage

Global Product Manager


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Self healing grid strategies Agenda

Challenges facing utilities today

Situational analysis

Improvement goals for self healing strategies

Introduction to self-healing grid business models

device level and /or peer to peer substation level

centralized

Detailed explanations of each business model including

The type of investment required Expected reliability improvements

Options to determine the best implementation strategy for your budget

Summary



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Self healing grid strategiesChallenges facing utilities today

The industry is moving toward a

deregulated, competitive environment

requiring accurate information about

system performance to ensure

maintenance money are spent wisely and

customer expectations are met

CAIDI and SAIDI scores are under close

scrutiny from government agencies

System reliability pertains to both sustained

interruptions and momentary interruptions

Any interruption of greater than five minutes is

generally considered a reliability issue in some

countries.

Limited capital budgets for continued

improvements in grid reliability



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Self healing grid strategiesInterruption definitions

Momentary interruption – A single

operation of an interrupting device that

results in zero voltage.

Momentary interruption event - An

interruption of duration limited to the

period required to restore service by aninterrupting device. This must be

completed within 5 minutes or any other

period determined by regulation

agencies.

Sustained interruption – anyinterruption not classified as a

momentary interruption



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Self healing grid strategiesImprovement goals

Implementing self healing or fault

detection isolation and restoration

(FDIR) can help utilities:

Improve CAIDI and SAIDI metrics

by up to 33%

Decrease restoration time to less

than 30 seconds

Reduce the cost of restoration

Prevent lost revenues

Boost the utility’s reputation with

customers, stockholders and

government regulators



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Self healing grid strategies1st business model: Device level or peer-to-peer

Device level and/or peer-to-peer

A group of reclosers, load break switches,

and feeder circuit breakers operate together

to restore power in the most optimal manner

Benefits Allows utilities to focus investments on

feeders that experience the most outages

Fast implementation

Initial low capital investment

Target solution appropriate for problemfeeders

Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores



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Self healing grid strategies

System topology representation

Feeders with single restoration path, generally open “tie switch”

Pre-fault system status

Normal voltage measurements at each node and on both sides

of “tie switch”

Pre-fault system loading (capacity check for the restoration done

by protection or planning engineers)

Fault detection and isolation

Coordinated protection devices using standard protection curves

and predetermined reclosing intervals

Load restoration

Loss of voltage detected on one side of “tie switch” and on

source side of reclosers on faulted circuit

Timing sequence initiated

If loss of voltage is sustained for predetermined interval, other

reclosers open if necessary to continue isolation and “tie switch”

closes restoring power

Requirements for device level (no communications required)


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Device levelLoop automation (no communications)

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

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CircuitBreaker

Source 2

Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

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Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

RecloserMidpoint

Recloser

1 VT 1 VT

1 VT 1 VT

3 VT’s

3 VT’s


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52 GridShield

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

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CircuitBreaker

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Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

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Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

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Recloser

1 VT 1 VT

1 VT 1 VT

3 VT’s

3 VT’s

X

Fault


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52 GridShield

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

Substation

CircuitBreaker

Source 2

Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

Recloser

Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

RecloserMidpoint

Recloser

1 VT 1 VT

1 VT 1 VT

3 VT’s

3 VT’s

X

Fault


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52 GridShield

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

Substation

CircuitBreaker

Source 2

Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

Recloser

Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

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Recloser

1 VT 1 VT

1 VT 1 VT

3 VT’s

3 VT’s

X

Fault


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52 GridShield

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

Substation

CircuitBreaker

Source 2

Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

Recloser

Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

RecloserMidpoint

Recloser

1 VT 1 VT

1 VT 1 VT

3 VT’s

3 VT’s

X

Fault


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Self healing grid strategies

System topology representation Feeders with single restoration path, generally open “tie switch”

Pre-fault system status

Switch status (upstream and downstream information for

devices)

Pre-fault system loading (capacity check for the restoration)

Fault detection

Based on recloser lockout status and reclosing counter value

change, or substation breaker trip signal

Downstream node of the lockout switch is the fault location

Fault isolation

Downstream switch(es) of the fault location

Load restoration

Start from the downstream node of the isolation switches

Requirements for peer-to-peer (requires communications)


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Device levelPeer-to-Peer

52 GridShield

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

Substation

CircuitBreaker

Source 2

Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

Recloser

Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

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Recloser

IEC 61850 Communications


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52 GridShield

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

Substation

CircuitBreaker

Source 2

Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

Recloser

Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

RecloserMidpoint

Recloser

X

Fault



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52 GridShield

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52 GridShield

52 GridShield

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

Substation

CircuitBreaker

Source 2

Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

Recloser

Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

RecloserMidpoint

Recloser

X

Fault



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Device levelPeer-to-peer

52 GridShield

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Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Source 1

Substation

CircuitBreaker

Source 2

Sectionalizing

Recloser

Midpoint

Recloser

Tie Point

Recloser

Sectionalizing

RecloserMidpoint

Recloser

X

Fault



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Summary device level


Target solution appropriate for problem feeders

Best fit for single restoration path circuits

Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores Loop schemes requires voltage sensors

Peer-to-peer requires high speed communications –

IEC61850 is only standards based peer-to-peer

solution available with open protocol environment

Protection/coordination engineers manage logic



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Self healing grid strategies2nd business model: Substation level

Substation level

Coordinated control between groups of

reclosers, load break switches, and substation

circuit breakers within a substation and

possibly with adjacent substations

Benefits Avoids overloading of adjacent substations

Reduces engineering support and recurring

costs


Supports future communications investments

for applications such as asset health andvolt/Var control

Utilities realize benefits on groups of

substations and the feeders they control

Increases improvement in SAIDI and CAIDI

scores



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© ABB Group


IEDs monitor and control switches

Substation computer collects data from IEDs

FDIR active logic resides on substation computer

Automatic identification and isolation of a fault

Automatic power restoration

Generally faster response than control center-based FDIR

Self healing grid strategiesIntroduction to substation level


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Substation levelSubstation based supervision

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SubstationCircuitBreaker

Source 1

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CircuitBreaker

Source 2

SectionalizingRecloser

MidpointRecloser

Tie PointRecloser

SectionalizingRecloser

MidpointRecloser

X

Fault

DNP/IEC Communications


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© ABB Group


Substation levelSubstation computer-based FDIR active logic

Start

Obtain IED Information

Generate Isolation Logic

Implement isolation control

Generate Restoration Logic

Implement restoration control

Permanent Fault

Occurs ?

No

Yes

- Identify fault location

- Identify isolation switches

- Send isolation control

command

- Confirm isolation actions

Poll IED information

-Sw status (open, close,

lockout)

-Sw recloser counter value

-Sw Current …

- Search alternative sources

- Obtain restoration solution

- Send restoration control

command

- Confirm restoration actions

S b t ti l l


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© ABB Group


Substation levelSubstation computer-based FDIR requirements

Dynamic system configuration update

Represent system topology through system single line

Automatically generates logic for isolation and restoration via single line

model

System incidence matrix is dynamically generated based on

System connectivity model

Real-time system switch status

Depth-first search strategy (traces all paths available to determine the

optimal solution to restore power)

Fault restoration Load current-based capacity check (pre-fault load current)

Single or multi-path restoration supported

Multi-path restoration – unserved loads picked up by multiple feeders


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Summary Substation Level



Can provide multiple paths for restoration, but generally best

fit if all sources for restoration are from same substation

Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores Requires communications (lower baud, i.e., 9600) but

possibly already in place

Protection/coordination engineers must work with SCADA

engineers.

Should reduce customized logic in protection devices

Utilities realize benefits on groups of substations and the

feeders they control



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Self healing grid strategies3rd business model – Centralized control

Centralized

Coordinated control between groups of reclosers, load

break switches, and high voltage circuit breakers

across the distribution grid

Benefits

Takes advantage of load profile forecasting

Allows utilities to take a proactive approach to power

management

Highest level of worker safety

Supports smart grid initiatives

Utilities realize benefits across the grid

Maximum improvement in SAIDI and CAIDI scores



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Self healing grid strategiesIntroduction to centralized control

IEDs monitor and control switches

Substation computer collects IED data

Substation computer acts as gateway –

serves IED data to control center

SCADA and DMS

Restoration Switching Analysis (RSA)

run on DMS

Load flow analysis as part of RSA,

i.e., full network model used

Automated or advisory FDIR

Generally slower response than

substation-based FDIR, but more

comprehensive solution



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Centralized control

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B

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Centralized control


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Centralized control


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Centralized control


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Summary centralized control level

Requires SCADA applications, generally DMS with load flowand short circuit capability

Target solution appropriate for all feeders

Can provide multiple paths for restoration from multiple

substations

Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores

Requires communications (lower baud, i.e., 9600) but

possibly already in place.

Protection/coordination engineers must work with SCADA

engineers

Should reduce customized logic in protection devices

Utilities realize benefits on groups of substations and the

feeders they control



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Summary

Electric System performance and reliability are continually

being scrutinized by customers and regulators

Performance indices are becoming more difficult to meet

Bottom line is that utilities need flexible and adaptable

solutions to reduce outage restoration times

No single solution meets every customer’s needs

Device level solutions are generally “low cost”, easy to

pilot and can be implemented by protection and control

group

Substation level solutions provide multi-feeder

restoration paths, again are easy to pilot and can re-use

existing equipment and communications infrastructure

Centralized solutions offers most flexible and

comprehensive restoration options.



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OverviewOutdoor Portfolio

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Self healing grid strategies