Semantic Desktop - History, Ideas, Details (2008)

7/31/2019 Semantic Desktop - History, Ideas, Details (2008)

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[email protected] semantic desktop 11.12.2008

In this galaxy,today


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The Semantic DesktopA new Hope for

Personal Information

Management

Leo Sauermann

[email protected]

http://www.dfki.de/~sauermann/
mailto:[email protected]://www.dfki.de/~sauermann/http://www.dfki.de/~sauermann/mailto:[email protected]


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Leo Sauermann

Researcher on Semantic Desktop since 2002

At DFKI since 2004

Currently at the Nepomuk EU project

Scientist: workshops, lectures, students, and diploma theses

Open Source: developer, blogger, SWEO member at

W3C.org, aperture.sf.net, Eclipse SMILA

Training: workshops, consulting, keynotes

[email protected]

http://www.dfki.de/~sauermann/


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Why do we need a

Semantic Desktop


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Writing: 3200 BC (Sumerian cuneiform)

History slides by Prof. Stefan Decker, DERI.IE


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Printing Press (Gutenberg 1450)



7/76 [email protected] semantic desktop 81.12.2008

World Wide Web - Tim Berners-Lee 1989



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How did Artificial Intelligence evolve?

a short history on artificial intelligence

by Jean Rohmer

1967- 1980: Soft Engineering (Compilers, OS,

databases, VLSI)

1980 - 1993: Artificial Intelligence Research,

Products, Services

1993 2005: IDELIANCE Semantic Networks(personal and collective)



WHY AI SUCCEEDED IN THE 80 s / early 90s

The situation was stable ( and boring)

in Computer Science: OS, Databases, C, C++

Hardware and systems were valuable professional and industrial assets

which had to be profitable through ambitious applications

Hardware was slow and expensive

IT WAS TIME TO DO MORE EXCITING THINGS

THAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

WITH COMPUTERS

Japanese Fifth Generation Computing Program was key

Examples: SACHEM, RAMSES, METAPEDIA multi M in the80s

Jean Rohmer, Thales SA



WHY AI vanished in the early 90 S

Hardware was slow and expensive (bis)

AI was an expensive way to save money

AI kept fighting and losingagainst Software Engineering

Economical crisis

AI NEEDED HUMAN EFFORT, DISCIPLINE, CONTINUITY AND

INTELLIGENCE

RESEARCHERS NOT INTERESTED IN EVERYDAY LIFE APPLICATIONS

Natural Language / Voice Processing did not deliver

AI applications did not look different for the user !

Jean Rohmer, Thales SA



Where is the Link between AI and Web?

Oct 1980: Tim Berners-Lee Enquire

ENQUIRE is a method of documenting a system. It

concentrates on the way the system is composed of parts,

and how these parts are interrelated.

This information about a system is difficult to store, and

particularly to update, using paper documents, so

ENQUIRE stores its information on a computer. The

ENQUIRE-WITHIN program allows a person to create and

edit the data, so that others can later extract it as it is

relevant to them.



Today: three tracks come together

Written Language

and Replication

at ESTCLeo Sauermannpresents Semantic Desktop

Language and Philosophy

Artificial Intelligence

PersonalInformation

Management

Semantic Desktop

computable facts

Language



In this galaxy,today



Where does all this text come from?

from People

using mostly desktop computers

to enter information relevant to them


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Knowledge Workplace

Workstation

Archives

News

Services

Data Bases

email

contacts

partners

products

services

projects

colleagues

role

position

nterests

goals

heterogenous data sources

& complex knowledge work


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But information is chaotic

Thousands of files,

in hundreds of folders,in many applications and formats

Hard-disk space cheap as air,

no one will delete these files

the CIDproject

Documents

Papers

Projects

CID

Research

files emails

Inbox

Todo

SAP

CID-proj

Karlsruhe

contacts

Claudia Stern

Dirk Hageman

Klaus Nord

No desktop

standard torepresent ideas andalign to files

Th h b th b d


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The human user bears the burdento hold everything together

E-MailsTime Schedule

Meeting Presentations Travel Websites

Organising a meeting involved

documents, contacts, time-schedule, organize Meeting

in Belfast


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The approach:

Enhance available information

by formal semantic annotation

to build explicit

personal information models

and facilitate automated services


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Personal Information Model PIMO

represents personal mentalmodel

formal: classes, concepts,relations in RDFS documents, e-mails,

websitesare tagged with concepts

extensible with organizational knowledge ontologies extracted data

unifying model for solvingour problems

PIMO - a Framework for Representing Personal Information ModelsSauermann, van Elst, Dengel (2007)

http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sauermann/papers/sauermann+2007b.pdf

The CID

Project

Documents

Papers

Projects

CID

Research

Files E-Mails

Inbox

Todo

SAP

CID-proj

Karlsruhe

Contacts

Claudia Stern

Dirk Hagemann

Klaus Nord

CID

Topic

Claudia

Project

Person

Karlsruhe

Management

LocationDirk

CID slides

Document

Ontologies

Data

Person

is a AnnotationRelation
http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sauermann/papers/sauermann+2007b.pdfhttp://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sauermann/papers/sauermann+2007b.pdfhttp://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sauermann/papers/sauermann+2007b.pdfhttp://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sauermann/papers/sauermann+2007b.pdf


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PIMO Thingsmerge multiple KM systems

Taxonomy

hierarchy

terms

alternative terms

Company

Private

Projects

CID

Research

Topics

Classes and Instances

types

properties of types

CID

Project

CID slides

Document

Ontologies

relations

rules

CIDClaudia

Karlsruhe

Management

Dirk

CID slides

Tagging

flat structure

2008

CIDContract

Wikis

description and hyperlinks

CIDis a Project.Dirk and Claudia work on it.

PIMO


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Example: PIMO about ESTC 2008

outlook://contact/0019E1773D6A56

occurrsin contact

http://www.palais-niederoesterreich.at/

has-location

http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sauermann/

http://www.kth.se/Claudia

http://www.sti2.org/index.php/team2/27-about-usstaff/104-alexander-wahler

organized byhttp://www.estc2008.com/ESTC 2008

Leo SauermannAlexander Wahler


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Personal Information Management PIM

Personal Information PI different interpretations possible: owned, accessed, controlled by the Person directed at a Person

about a Person, but kept by someone else

relevant for Person Personal Space of Information PSI all information elements

within the definition ofPI

tools to interact with the information,Personal Knowledge Workspace

borders unknown, fuzzy,overlaps with others PSI

Background Information about PIM

Book: Personal Information ManagementWilliam Jones and Jaime Teevan (2007)

Book: Keeping Found Things FoundWilliam Jones (2008)


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Background Information about PIM

PIM activities by Knowledge Workers filing information for retrieval and storage

(re) finding information

organizing information and meta-level activities

Personal Information Collection PIC a list (category) of items, used to support activities

Typical behaviours observed in field studies character of workers differ: pilers VS filers walking the same beaten paths to known information

orienteering: looking where you are to know the next step,knowing how you get there

fulltext search as last resort No education for workers provided!

Finding and Reminding: File Organization from the DesktopDeborah Barreau and Bonnie A Nardi (1995)

The perfect search engine is not enough: a study of orienteering behavior in directed searchTeevan, Alvarado, Ackerman, Karger (2004)


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Personal Information Model

represents Personal Information Models of

individuals.

consists of RDF Vocabulary

class:PIMO class:Thing identifiers relations information fusion

Upper Ontology

basic concepts inPIM

Person, Location,Event, Organization,Topic, Document,Time

The knowledge workers


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The knowledge workers

world-view on information

Mental Model

Documents

Papers

Projects

CID

Research

Files

PersonalInformationModel

Personal Spaceof Information

file://C:/home/claudia_stern/documents/projects/CID/ProjectDescription6.doc

< >

DirkThe CIDProject

claudia:CID

claudia:Dirk


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RDF on theSemantic Desktop


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@prefix nco: .

@prefix nie: .

a nie:InformationElement, nco:Contact;

nie:title "Claudia Stern";nco:fullname "Claudia Stern";

nco:nameFamily "Stern";

nco:nameGiven "Claudia";

nco:hasEmailAddress ;

nco:hasPostalAddress

;

nie:dataSource


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@prefix nco: .

@prefix nie: .





nco:hasEmailAddress ;

nco:hasPostalAddress

;

nie:dataSource


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@prefix nco: .

@prefix nie: .





nco:hasEmailAddress .

a nco:EmailAddress ;nco:emailAddress "[email protected]" .

Statements nie:title to be able to show

anything in a GUI (= the label)

nameFamily, nameGiven


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Aligning a Thing to Information Elements

Claudiaclaudia:Claudia a pimo:Person.

Contact

fullname Claudia Stern

groundingOccurrence

TextDocument

title The CIDProjectcreator

fullname Claudia Stern

occurrence of Claudia

PIMO


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Hands-on: Annotating a filePIMO

Section 11.7

a nie:TextDocument;nie:title "Belfast Bus Timetable".

claudia:BelfastBusTimetable

a pimo:Document;nao:personalIdentifier "Belfast Bus Timetable";

pimo:isDefinedBy claudia:PIMO;pimo:groundingOccurrence

;

pimo:groundingOccurrence

claudia:Belfasta pimo:City;

nao:personalIdentifier "Belfast";pimo:isDefinedBy claudia:PIMO.

pimo:hasTopic

pimo:hasTopic claudia:Belfast.


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Ontologiesaround PIMO


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All Concepts a Userof the Semantic Desktop deals with

All Concepts anApplication Programmerof the Semantic Desktop deals wit

RDF

RDFS

NRL

NAO

NIE PIMO

Foundational

Group-level

Personal-Level

Upper-Level Layer

Lower-Level Layer

Representational Layer

NEPOMUK Ontologies

Knowledge Worker

Individual

activities in PSIworkflows: filing finding

thinking

Ontologies are the formal basis for


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Ontologies are the formal basis forshared understanding

Between humans:

Several users explicate their specific views and

interpretations by annotating information

elements

Relying on ontologies ensures consistent use of

concepts

For machines:

Formal annotations allow the invocation of

computer services

Ontologies serve as reference for the developer


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NEPOMUK Ontologies

Representation Language (NRL) built on top of RDF/S

RDF triple, Named Graph and Graph Views

Graph Roles Vocabulary

Annotation Ontology (NAO) Tagging, semantic annotation,

nao:hasTag, nao:hasTopic, nao:isRelated, ...

Graph Metadata Vocabulary

Information Elements (NIE) files (Word documents, images, PDFs),

address book, entries, emails, etc.

Personal Information Model(PIMO)

available free at

www.semanticesktop.org/ontologies


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NEPOMUK Information Elements NIE

existing data

needed for

knowledge work

domain independent

Information Elements

ttp://www.flickr.com/photos/uniqueo/2667162885/


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NEPOMUK Information Elements NIE

NIE identifies both the NIE ontology and

the NIE framework of ontologies

builds on NRL NepomukRepresentational Language (= RDFS +

extensions) Representing existing information, not

replacing existing file formats

Integration and reuse amongst ontologiesin the framework


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DataObjects representphysical entitiesthat contain data.

files, mailboxes etc.

Bitstreams which need

to be interpreted asInformationElement.

InformationElement is a

piece of informationstored within a dataobject.

Two Parts

O l i b if d
http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/nie/http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/nie/http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/nie/http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/nie/


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Ontologies get better if used

NIE is used by Aperture, Beagle++

(+10000 downloads) PIMO is used by

Thai, V.; Handschuh, S. & Decker, S.

IVEA: An Information Visualization Tool for Personalized

Exploratory Document Collection Analysis, ESWC2008

Fernandez-Garcia, N.; Sauermann, L.; Sanchez, L. &

Bernardi, A.

PIMO Population and Semantic Annotation for the

Gnowsis Semantic Desktop, 2006 ISWC WS Woerndl, W. & Woehrl, M.

SeMoDesk: Towards a Mobile Semantic Desktop

CHI 2008 WS

Data-flow between NEPOMUK services:


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Data flow between NEPOMUK services:from data to PIMO

DataPersons files and

e-mails

RDF

adaptingto RDF

matchingto PIMO

PIMO

Aperture.sf.net

crawling framework

converts all data to

RDF

Alignment

analyzes files and e-mails

(and more)

matching to existing things

creating new things

User Interfaces

read/write PIMO

Documents

Papers

Projects

CID

Research

Files E-Mails

Inbox

Todo

SAP

CID-proj

Karlsruhe

Contacts

Claudia Stern

Dirk Hagemann

Klaus Nord

T d h k h


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Today: three tracks come together

Written Language

and Replication

at ESTCLeo Sauermannpresents Semantic Desktop

Language and Philosophy

Artificial Intelligence

Personal

Information

Management

Semantic Desktop

computable facts

Language


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www.flickr.com/photos/wonderferret/1447024668

How did the Semantic Desktop

change knowledge work?

R lt C t li k d t ti ll


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Leo

Leo with

Mobile_phone,

Laptopnear

Enschede,

Netherlands.

Result: Concepts are linked automatically

Leo Sauermanndesktop://outlook/contact/ECD4B993

a Person

Enschedehttp://www.dbpedia.org/resource/Enschede

a City

Services on the personal desktop support
http://www.kwark.org/x/person.pl?q=eaa363e2b75a11db14e62afb8995340a198e8b9e;name=Leohttp://www.kwark.org/x/person.pl?q=http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Mobile_phonehttp://www.kwark.org/x/person.pl?q=http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Laptophttp://swordfish.rdfweb.org/discovery/2001/08/codepict/aboutairport.jsp?url=http://www.daml.org/cgi-bin/airport?ENShttp://swordfish.rdfweb.org/discovery/2001/08/codepict/aboutairport.jsp?url=http://www.daml.org/cgi-bin/airport?ENShttp://swordfish.rdfweb.org/discovery/2001/08/codepict/aboutairport.jsp?url=http://www.daml.org/cgi-bin/airport?ENShttp://www.dbpedia.org/resource/Enschedehttp://www.dbpedia.org/resource/Enschedehttp://swordfish.rdfweb.org/discovery/2001/08/codepict/aboutairport.jsp?url=http://www.daml.org/cgi-bin/airport?ENShttp://swordfish.rdfweb.org/discovery/2001/08/codepict/aboutairport.jsp?url=http://www.daml.org/cgi-bin/airport?ENShttp://swordfish.rdfweb.org/discovery/2001/08/codepict/aboutairport.jsp?url=http://www.daml.org/cgi-bin/airport?ENShttp://swordfish.rdfweb.org/discovery/2001/08/codepict/aboutairport.jsp?url=http://www.daml.org/cgi-bin/airport?ENShttp://www.kwark.org/x/person.pl?q=http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Laptophttp://www.kwark.org/x/person.pl?q=http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Mobile_phonehttp://www.kwark.org/x/person.pl?q=eaa363e2b75a11db14e62afb8995340a198e8b9e;name=Leo


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Services on the personal desktop supportpersonal semantic information management

Connect, structure, retrieve

information

Personal RDF store as universal

fact repository

Personal Task Management makes

context explicit

Personal Information Model (PIMO)

explicates concepts used within the

personal information space

Result: Your personal information

space at a glance!

Search

Current Task

Information relevant

in this context

semantic relations / links

categories

persons

projects

Tasks, data,

concepts

Mi i i Sid b


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Miniquire Sidebar

Search

PIMO Ontology

viewer and editor

Filtering

keeping orientation

PIMO Edit


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PIMO Editor

wiki name = short

unique name for

things

semantic wiki text

Text-Attributes:

key/value pairs for

datatype attributes

Relations

to other things

Link to filesystem,

email, outlook

entry,

anything

integrated throughAperture.sf.net

L i f th b h i

PIM Basic


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Learning from the users behavior

Plugins gather user actions

Elicitation of task concepts

Notification of GUI

Applications

shows documents, people, projects,

topics relevant to current work

search documents via context:

I saw it after working with Dirk pro-active non-obtrusive assistance

Bayesian Network

UA UA

Domain

Wf Task

NOP NOP NOP NOP

Wf Task

TaCo

Domain

UA

NOP

PIMMaus

PIM MidDFKI KM

PIM Upper

A Context Model for Personal Knowledge Management ApplicationsSven Schwarz (2006)

Application plugins, mini-applications,


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Application plugins, mini applications,mashups

tagging e-mails drop-box

Idea: Let people use their existing applications

to get their knowledge work done

Application: Drop Box


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Application: Drop Box

Helps filing information

uses PIMO structuresconcepts and folders

Knows the users model and istrained by using it

process flow files are stored into a Drop-Box folder

files are text-analysed and possibletarget folders are suggested

Drop-Box user interface shows

user selects a folder, classify

files are moved and classified

Learns from the user

doc:

EPOS

Project:Epos

EPOS, DFKI,

Maus,

PIMO of Paul

=

Sauermann, L.; Grimnes, G.A.; Kiesel, M.; Fluit, C.; Maus, H.; Heim, D.;

Nadeem, D.; Horak, B. & Dengel, A.

Semantic Desktop 2.0: The Gnowsis Experience

ISWC 2006


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search

Siebert, M.; Smits, P.; Sauermann, L. & Dengel, A.Increasing Search Quality with the Semantic Desktop

in Proposal Development

PAKM 2006


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Human Access

Search for Information: documents and facts

Enable Free-text queries

to keep knowledge overhead away from the user

NLP problems, e.g. syntactic, structural ambiguity

form the search engines point of view

phone number of the KM-Group secretaryseminar topics

+49 631 205 75 101

Schuhmacher, K.; Sintek, M. & Sauermann, L.Combining Metadata and Document Search with Spreading Activation for Semantic Desktop Search

ESWC 2008

Fact Retrieval Example


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Fact Retrieval Example

Property Class Instance

(no result)(no result)

0049 631 205 75 101

[1] [2]

[3]

[4]

instances:

,

phone number of the KM-Group secretary

[5]

get instances

Schuhmacher, K.; Sintek, M. & Sauermann, L.Combining Metadata and Document Search with Spreading Activation for Semantic Desktop Search

ESWC 2008

Personal Semantic Wiki for note taking


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NepomukNepomuk is an EU project .

Its topic is the

Social Semantic Desktop .

DFKI coordinates .

Personal Semantic Wiki for note-taking

Terms

Types

Relation types

Relations

RDF

We can use a personal semantic wikieverywhere: comments, notes, documents,

websites, blogs, e-mails, Sauermann, L.

The Gnowsis Using Semantic Web Technologies to build a Semantic Desktop

Diploma Thesis, Technical University of Vienna, 2003

Semantic Wiki User Interface


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Semantic Wiki User Interface

Kaukoluwiki

open source

Assistance systemAutomatic annotation

Malte Kiesel, Kaukolu: Hub of the Semantic Corporate Intranethttp://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~kiesel/2006-06-12-Kaukolu-SemWikiESWC2006.pdf

http://kaukoluwiki.opendfki.de/

Express thoughts using free text

Evaluations of these applications showed


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Evaluations of these applications showed

We evaluated the approach in a two month case

study in 2006 with eight participants, and 2 year-useuntil 2008

Result

For Personal Information Management, classes andtyped properties are not needed for browsing

I dont model the world, only what is important

Drop-Box enabled multi-tag annotations

A little semantics goes a long way

Sauermann, L. & Heim, D.Evaluating long-term use of the Gnowsis Semantic Desktop for PIM

ISWC 2008

CID CID slides

Orienteering Behavior


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Orienteering Behavior

Teevan, Alvarado, Ackerman, Karger

users go somewhere, look around, know wherethey are, go on

Teevan, J.; Alvarado, C.; Ackerman, M.S. & Karger, D.R.

The perfect search engine is not enough: a study of orienteering behavior in directed search

CHI2004, pp.415-422

Filtering

keeping orientation

Long-term users stopped

using web-search interface

Besides being shown

differently, hasPart and

isRelated have no

programmatic difference.

For orienteering,

click somewhere to the

right is enough

Interpretation


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Interpretation

A little semantics goes a long way

The Semantic Desktop helps in PIMs typicalactivities:filing, finding, thinking

Limited RDF: No computation, no social exchange Classes were only needed when the pain was too big

Typed relations were not needed: related would beenough for personal orienteering

Personal Semantic Desktop Wiki was used as ageneral knowledge tool

PIM research was confirmed: orienteering

first navigating, then searching

CID CID slides


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www.flickr.com/photos/wonderferret/1447024668

How did the Semantic Desktop

change the world?

Well-established communities


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adopt and support NEPOMUK

KDE 4.0 beta released contains basic NEPOMUK

architecture components

ECLIPSE community

supports OSGI-basedNEPOMUK implementation

PSEW alpha available

Demonstrated at IBM

Lotusphere 07

Open Source development platform available

dev.nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org

Public mailing list: [email protected]

NEPOMUK Architecture


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NEPOMUK Architecture

The KDE Desktop provides NEPOMUK


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The KDE Desktop provides NEPOMUKmodels and annotations as an OS service

manual tagging of files, folders,

emails, etc. Representation of tags within

PIMo

nepomuk.kde.org~1mio potential users

PIMo

Java


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nepomuk.KDE.org1-4 million desktop users

The NEPOMUK project


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The NEPOMUK project

EU integrated project Duration 1.1.2006 31.12.2008

Funding 11.5 M

Overall 17.1 M

Goals Standardization of Social

Semantic Desktop Contribute to European Vision

of a capable knowledge society

Combines and integrates severalareas of research

Contact Website http://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org E-Mail [email protected]

Coordinator Dr. Ansgar Bernardi

SeMouse
http://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/


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SeMouse

Annotation of documents using the middle mouse

button Works with Word, Browser, PDF,

Can be integrated with other frameworks (gnowsis)

Sergio F.Anzuola

click!

DBin


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DBin

ein verteilter Semantic Desktop

Suche nach Information

Kollektiv arbeiten

Open IRIS


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Open IRIS

verwandte Daten

Ideliance


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Ideliance

What connects Jerome

Euzenat with Ireland

Multiple Data Entry

Options

Industry Cooperations


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Aperture.sourceforge.net

a Java framework to extractdata and metadata

In production, 6000 downloadsmany users

DFKI and Aduna (Jeroen Wester) Converts your files (MSOffice, PDF,

Multimedia) and more to RDF

Compatible with ADUNA products

also in dynaq.opendfki.de



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www.eclipse.org/smila/

SMILA is an extensible framework forbuilding search solutions to accessunstructured information in theenterprise.

uses Aperture

Empolis (Arvato) Igor Novakovic

Jasmin Franz

Brox August Georg Schmidt

DFKI Leo Sauermann

DFKI Competence Center Semantic Web


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DFKI Competence Center Semantic Web

Communicates between DFKI

Experts and customers

Ontology creation and

maintenance

Support for annotation anddata analysis

Contract research

Consulting, Training, Talks

http://semanticweb.dfki.de

Michael Sintek

[email protected]

Paul Buitelaar

[email protected]

Involved Scientific Community
http://semanticweb.dfki.de/http://semanticweb.dfki.de/


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Involved Scientific Community

Community resources

www.semanticdesktop.org community websitewith wiki and many projects

[email protected] mailinglist

Scientific events ISWC workshop 2005

ISWC workshop 2006

i-Semantics Special Track 2007 ESWC workshop 2007

Nepomuk Summer School 2008

Future
http://www.semanticdesktop.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.semanticdesktop.org/


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Future

follow-up project OrganiK

Personalized Semantic Web for SMEs Planned commercialization of Semantic

Desktop services in 2009 (contact me)

Stefan Decker from DERI,our team from DFKI, and

others are initiating

a standardization foundation at least a million KDE users,

do your own research

Summary - The Semiotic Triangle


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Summary The Semiotic Triangle

NEPOMUK gives tools to express knowledge

in Semantics,beyond stones.

try KDE4.0 Meetingin Belfast

Informationin mind

Artifactsstones + RDF

triggers references

represents

Real World

CID

Meeting

Belfast

d

d

asdf

Semantic Web


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asdf

asfd

sadf

asfd

asdf

sadf

asdf

asdf

asdf

asdfasdf

asdf

asdf

asdf

sda

fd

dfs

dfs

sda

df

da

sfd

asdf

f

fad

dsfsfd

fds

d

sfd

dfs

fds

questions?

Leo Sauermann

[email protected]://www.dfki.de/~sauermann/

Thanks to Jesus, Ingrid Brunner-Sauermann, Heiko Maus, Sven Schwarz, Ansgar Bernardi,Andreas Dengel, Frank Osterfeld, Dominik Heim, Man Luo, Jeen Broekstra, GiovanniTummarello, Michael Zeltner, Stephan Baumann, Gunnar A Grimnes, Ludger Van Elst,Harald Holz, Stefan Decker, Malte Kiesel, timbl and the bunch from #swig

Semantic Webin Application