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8/3/2019 Sematic Web
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Sematic WebGroup Members:Muhammad Sadiq
Kashif
Kanwal Daud
Muhammad Muneeb
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Agenda
Introduction
Problem
Solution
Solution Details Application
Summary
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Introduction
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What is Semantic?
Every Language has its own Syntax andSemantics.
?
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What is Semantic?
Syntax is Study of Grammar!
Semantics is study of meaning
Syntax : How to say something
Semantic : Is meaning Behind what yousay
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What is Semantic?
X+=y
x=x+y
So both Semantic and syntax about communicationall about communication
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WEB ?
System of Interlinked Documents accessed viaInternet
Web Browser Use Http to Communicate with webServers
View Web Pages , Use Hyperlinks to Navigate. Easy to Access
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First Era Called Web 1.0
Next Generation Web 2.0
Ajax
Video Sharing
Social Media
Forums, blogs
Interactive Chat Forums
Audio Video Chats
Multimedia Stuff
Etc.
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Web 2.0 Sharing Picture, Videos, multimedia stuff Interacting over social media
Publishing ,blogs, web portals Business, Ecommerce ,Ebay ,Amazon Contributing to knowledge e.g Wiki
Hence more interactive
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Problem
Data on internet is around 500 billion GBs
Search Engine Query Return thousands ofrecords
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Problem Cont..
Web Pages are written in HTML
HTML Describe Structure
HTML Describe Syntax not Sematics
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Problem Cont..
If Computer can understand meaningbehind the information
They can learn what we are intrested in
They can help us better find what we need The is really sematic web about
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Problem continue..
Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre
Welcome to the Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre home page.Do you feel pain? Have you hadan injury? Let our staff Lisa Davenport, Kelly Townsend (our lovely secretary) and SteveMatthews take care of your body and soul.
Consultation hours
Mon 11am - 7pm
Tue 11am - 7pm
Wed 3pm - 7pm
Thu 11am - 7pm
Fri 11am - 3pm
But note that we do not offer consultation during the weeks of the
State Of Origin games.
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Problem Continue..
Physiotherapy
Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre
Lisa Davenport
Steve Matthews
Kelly Townsend
Do not convey the meaning
Exchange of XML documents over the Web
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Solution
Top Down
Information Analysis, Web Scraping, Naturallanguage Processing
Expensive , hard to maintain , human
intervention, legal issues
Bottom Up
Embed Semantic annotation into data
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Solution Details
A famous solution is given by Tim Berners Leeproposed a nine layer architectures
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Layered Architecture
Unicode
universal character encoding standard
Unicode provides a unique number for everycharacter, no matter what the platform, no
matter what the program, no matter what thelanguageFdsfs
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Layered Arch..
URI
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compactstring of characters used to identify or name aresource on the Internet.
urn:def://blue_laserhttp://www.whatis.com/bluelase.htm
http://www.whatis.com/bluelase.htmhttp://www.whatis.com/bluelase.htm8/3/2019 Sematic Web
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Layered Arch..
URL is a sub-type of URI, so if somethingis a URL then it is also a URI, but otherway is not possible
URN, the user only needs to know thename of a resource
. A URN is associated with anotherconcept called Uniform ResourceCharacteristics (URC)
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Layered Architecture.
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is general-purpose specification for creating custom markuplanguages. It is classified as an extensiblelanguage because it allows its users to define theirown elements. Its primary purpose is to helpinformation systems share structured data
Tove
Jani
ReminderDon't forget me this weekend!
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Layered Architecture
XML Name Space
XML namespace is a collection of Names(identified by a URI) used in XML document aselement types and attribute names.
When using prefixes in XML, a so-callednamespace for the prefix must be defined.
The namespace is defined by the xmlnsattribute in the start tag of an element. Thenamespace declaration has the following
syntax. xmlns:prefix="URI".
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Layered Architecture
ApplesBananas
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Layered Architecture
RDF Resource description framework actuallycreates the metadata about the document as asingle entity, i.e. the author of the document, itscreation date, its type etc.
RDF is the first language developed especially forthe Semantic Web. Its purpose was to addMachine-readable metadata to existing data on theWeb. RDF uses XML for its serialization in order torealize the layering depicted in the Semantic Weblanguage layer cake
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Layered Architecture
.
http://www.student.com/ali ASSIGNMENT
a basic RDF statement showing relationbetween a resource and a string literal.
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Layered Architecture
Ontology Vocabulary
It is main layer consisting of hierarchicaldistribution of important concepts in the domainand describing about the properties. Some
basic ontology languages are OWL, DAML-ONT and DAML+OIL etc.
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Layered Architecture
Digital Signature
Digital Signature Support the notion of trust. TheDSS (Digital Signature Standard) is a cryptographicstandard or a particular application of public keycryptography promulgated by NIST (National Institute
of Standards and Technology)
Semantic Web a digital signature is a mechanismused to unambiguously verify an identity such as theauthor of a document
XMLDSig will be used in many phases of semantic
knowledge management systems, such as theauthenticity verification for retrieved/updatedknowledge and involved intermediaries, amongothers
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Layered Architecture
Digital Signature
Is to digitally sign the document
Encryption can be applied to preventunauthorized access
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Layered Architecture
Logic
A logic framework provides a well-establishedformal semantics which assigns unambiguousmeaning to logical statements.
the positioning of this layer represents the notion thata richer logical language should be provided on topof the Ontology language, which provides additionalmechanisms for the capturing of reasoningformalisms.
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Layered Architecture
Proof
Proof Goal is to make the smarter content, so tomake machine understandable
To support Semantic Web proof scenarios,proof languages were developed. A prooflanguage determines the validity of a specificstatement
A proof language is simply a language that isused to prove whether or not a specicstatement is true
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Layered Architecture
Trust
This is the top most layer, where thetrustworthiness of information to be subjectivelyevaluated
Within the Semantic Web the concepts trustand proof are dependent on the interactioncontext
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Layered Architecture
Trust
A user on the Semantic Web receives data from a friendregarding the best music performances. The data can betrusted as it originates from a known (implying veried)friend, whose musical interests are familiar. It is thus
possible to use the data because the user either shares ordisagrees with the musical tastes of the friend.
context therefore assists applications or users regarding thtrustworthiness and usefulness of information
The information context would therefore create anconceptual environment where the Semantic Web operateand interact intuitively, without having to rely on complexauthentication and checking
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Application
Knowledge Management
E-Commerce
Biosciences and Medical Applications
Machine Learning
eScience
Information Extraction
Grid Computing
Peer-to-Peer Systems eGovernment
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Application
Ambient Intelligence
Cognitive Systems
Data Integration
Multimedia Data Management Software Engineering
Cognitive Systems
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Projects
DBpedia
FOAF
GoodRelations for e-commerce
SIOC SIMILE
NextBio
ANTOM
Linking Open Data
OpenPSI
GoPubMed
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Linked Data
The Linking Open Data project is a W3C-ledeffort to create openly accessible, andinterlinked, RDF Data on the Web. The data inquestion takes the form of RDF DataSets drawn from a broad collection of datasources. There is a focus on the LinkedData style of publishing RDF on the Web.
Components URIs
HTTP
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Serialization formats (RDFa, RDF/XML, N3, Turtle, andothers)
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Open Linked Data
The goal of the W3C Semantic Web Education andOutreach group's Linking Open Data community
project is to extend the Web with a data commonsby publishing various open datasets as RDF on theWeb and by setting RDF links between data itemsfrom different data sources.
In October 2007, datasets consisted of over two billion
RDF triples, which were interlinked by over two millionRDF links. By September 2011 this had grown to 31billion RDF triples, interlinked by around 504 million RDFlinks. There is also an interactive visualization of thelinked data sets to browse through the cloud.
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Standards
Standardization for Semantic Web in thecontext of Web 3.0 is under the care ofW3C
Components
The term "Semantic Web" is often used morespecifically to refer to the formats andtechnologies that enable it.
These technologies are specified as W3C
standards and include:
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Standards
Resource Description Framework (RDF), ageneral method for describing information
RDF Schema (RDFS)
Simple Knowledge Organization
System (SKOS) SPARQL, an RDF query language
Notation3 (N3), designed with human-readability in mind
N-Triples, a format for storing and transmitting
data Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)
Web Ontology Language (OWL), a family ofknowledge representation languages
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Future
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Reference
Wikipedia
W3C
A Semantic Web Primer by Grigoris
Antoniou and Frank van Harmelen Semantic Web Technologies. By Aurona
Gerber , Dr Alta van der Merwe, Prof.Andries Barnard
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THANKS
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Notes
Application of web: projects being developedd