Semester 2: Lecture 2

Quantitative Data Analysis

Prepared by: Dr. Lloyd Waller ©

• Frequency Distributions (Range of Values)

• Graphs (Range of Values)

– The effective communication and interpretation of research data depends on the quality of tabular and graphic presentation on tables,, charts and diagrams that one chooses and on the appropriateness and clarity of their construction.

– Visual presentations - Tables charts and graphs

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Frequency Distributions

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To what extent do you believe that Incivility is a garrison phenomenon?

50 23.1 23.1 23.1

74 34.3 34.3 57.4

90 41.7 41.7 99.1

2 .9 .9 100.0

216 100.0 100.0

1=Strongly agree

2=Agree

3=Disagree

4=Strongly disagree

Total

ValidFrequency Percent Valid Percent

CumulativePercent

There is a strong positive relationship between social class and the belief that incivility is a garrison phenomenon.

Middle and upper class people believe that incivility is a garrison phenomenon more so than working class people

To what extent do you believe that Incivility is a garrison phenomenon?

50 23.1 23.1 23.1

74 34.3 34.3 57.4

90 41.7 41.7 99.1

2 .9 .9 100.0

216 100.0 100.0

1=Strongly agree

2=Agree

3=Disagree

4=Strongly disagree

Total

ValidFrequency Percent Valid Percent

CumulativePercent

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Description:From the data analyzed, it was found that of the number of persons interviewed (n=216), 50 respondents (23%) strongly agreed that incivility is a garrison phenomenon and 74 respondents (34%) also agreed to this argument.

There were a few persons who did not support this argument - (90 respondents [41%] disagreeing and 2 respondents [1%] strongly disagreeing). This is illustrated in Table X

Data Analysis – Interpretation (I) and Explanation (E):

What exactly does this mean?

I: More persons supported the argument that incivility is a garrison phenomenon.

E: Why do you think that this is so?What does the Literature (theory, concept, context,

and or history) say?

I: However the difference was not that significant - 57% supported the’ argument and 43% did not support it.

E: Why do you think that this is so? What does the Literature (theory, concept, context, and or history) say?

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Do you know about the EVBIS?

63 29.2 29.2 29.2

153 70.8 70.8 100.0

216 100.0 100.0

1=Yes

2=No

Total

ValidFrequency Percent Valid Percent

CumulativePercent

Description:From the data analyzed, it was found that of the number of persons interviewed (n=216), 63 respondents (29%) had knowledge of the EVBIS while 153 respondents (71%) had no knowledge of the EVBIS.

There is no relationship between knowledge of the EVBIS and faculty

Students from the Faculty of Social Sciences have the same amount of knowledge about the EVBIS as those in Law, Medicine, Pure and Applied Sciences and the Humanities

Data Analysis – Interpretation (I) and Explanation (E):

What exactly does this mean?

I: Less persons had knowledge about the EVBIS.

E: Why do you think that this is so?What does the Literature (theory, concept, context,

and or history) say? E: What are the characteristics of who knew and who did not know?

I: The difference was very significant - 19% had knowledge while 71% had no knowledge. Can the characteristics explain the difference?

E: Why do you think that this is so? What does the Literature (theory, concept, context, and or history) say?

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Which country do you believe will benifit the most from the CSME

89 41.2 42.4 42.4

106 49.1 50.5 92.9

12 5.6 5.7 98.6

3 1.4 1.4 100.0

210 97.2 100.0

6 2.8

216 100.0

1=trinidad

2=guyana

3=barbados

4=jamaica

Total

Valid

SystemMissing

Total

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

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Do men make better political leaders than women?

4 1.9 1.9 1.9

1 .5 .5 2.3

141 65.3 65.3 67.6

70 32.4 32.4 100.0

216 100.0 100.0

1=Strongly agree

2=Agree

3=Disagree

4=Strongly disagree

Total

ValidFrequency Percent Valid Percent

CumulativePercent

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Pictorial and graphical representations of Frequency Counts and Distributions

Categorical Variables Metric Variables

Bar Charts

Pie Charts

Histogram

Line Graph

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Categorical Variables

Bar Charts

Pie Charts

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Metric Variables

HistogramLine Graph

• These four ways of representing frequency distributions pictorially provide a range of possibilities. However care must be taken to:– Use one that is appropriate to the level of

measurement– Faithfully represent the data and not to

produce distorted impression; and– Interpret the data correctly.

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0

20

40

60

80

100

%

StronglyAgree

Agree Disagree StronglyDisagree

Responses

To what extent do you believe that incivility is a garrison phenomenon

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Description:From the data analyzed, it was found that of the number of persons interviewed (n=216) 23% * 50 respondents) strongly agreed that incivility is a garrison phenomenon and 34% (74 respondents ) also agreed to this argument.

There were a few persons who did not support this argument - 41% (90 respondents) disagreeing and 1% (2 respondents) strongly disagreeing). This is illustrated in Chart X

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