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Here’s the Idea:
• A semicolon indicates a break in a sentence.
• It is stronger than a comma but not as strong as a period.
Semicolons in Compound Sentences
• Use a semicolon to join parts of a compound sentence without a coordinating conjunction.
Enslaved people sang songs with secret messages; the songs told listeners how to escape.
• Use a semicolon between the parts of a compound sentence when the clauses are long and complicated or when they contain commas.
Runaways navigated by the stars; and they lived off the land, slept outdoors, and walked hundred of miles to freedom.
Semicolons with Items in a Series
• When there are commas within parts of a series, use semicolons to separate the parts.
The travelers took clues from songs, such as a song about the stars; from quilts which had special coded designs; and from the other people along the way.
S.E. Gross students received their midterms yesterday and they mostly
smiled, and sometimes frowned, and asked their parents to sign the pink copy.
The students used strategies to study for their test, such as making notecards they
quizzed each other at lunch and they remembered to review their notes.
• A colon indicates an abrupt break. • A colon indicates that a list follows.• Colons are also used after greetings in business letters and in expressions
of time.
Colons
Colons
• Use a colon to introduce a list of items
An escapee carried few items: a knife, a flint, and a warm cloak.
• Use a colon between numerals indicating hours and minutes in expressions of time.
Meet me at 8:00 P.M. We’ll send the message at 8:30.
Dear Ms. Walsh
I promise to study really hard for the writing test on Friday.
Sincerely,
Robert McDermott
Ms. Walsh has to bring many things to school in the morning her laptop, her
plan book, and her notebooks.
Apostrophes
Here’s the idea:
Apostrophes are used in possessive nouns, contractions, and some plurals.
Apostrophes in Possessives
• Use an apostrophe to form the possessive of any noun, whether singular or plural.
Apostrophes in Contractions
• Use apostrophes in contractions
In contractions, words are joined and letters are left out.
An apostrophe replaces the letter or letters that are missing.
Don’t confuse contractions with possessive pronouns, which do not contain apostrophes.
Possessive pronouns: Its (belonging to it – its tail)Whose (belonging to whom –whose coat)Your (belonging to you –your book)Their (belonging to them– their house)
Apostrophes in Plurals
Use an apostrophe and s to form the plural of a letter, a numeral, or a word referred to as a word.
Cross your t’s. The speaker used too many um’s. How many 5’s are in the answer?