Seminar 2 Abdulrahman aljabr Amenorrhea. Objectives 3- Outline functions of the ovarian hormones—...
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Seminar 2 Abdulrahman aljabr Amenorrhea
Seminar 2 Abdulrahman aljabr Amenorrhea. Objectives 3- Outline functions of the ovarian hormones— estradiol and progesterone. 4- describe regulation of
Objectives 3- Outline functions of the ovarian hormones
estradiol and progesterone. 4- describe regulation of the female
monthly rhythm interplay between the ovarian and hypothalamic
pituitary hormones.
Slide 3
Function of the Estrogens Effect on the Primary and Secondary
Female Sex Characteristics : o Primary function of the estrogen is
cellular proliferation and growth of the tissue of sex organs.
Slide 4
Effect of Estrogen on the Uterus and External sex organs : o
The ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina all increase in size.
o the external genitalia enlarge + deposition of fat in the mons
pubis and labia majora + enlargement of the labia minora.
Slide 5
Effect of Estrogen on the vagina : o the vaginal epithelium
change from cuboidal to stratified epithelium. more resistance to
trauma or infection.
Slide 6
Effect of Estrogen on the Uterus and External Sex Organs : o
the uterus increase in size. o proliferation of endometrium stroma
and gland aid the nutrition to the ovum.
Slide 7
Effect of Estrogens on the Fallopian Tubes : o Proliferation of
the glandular tissues. o increase the number of ciliated epithelium
cells. the activity of ciliated cell enhanced : beat toward the
uterus. propel the fertilized ovum
Slide 8
Effect of Estrogens on the Breasts : o Development of the
stromal tissues of the breasts o Growth of an extensive ductile
system o Deposition of fat in the breast.
Slide 9
Effect of Estrogens on the Breasts : o Development of the
Lobules and alveoli of the breast. o but progesterone and prolactin
cause the ultimate determination of growth and function of these
structure
Slide 10
Effect of Estrogens on the bone : o Inhibit osteoclastic
activity in the bones o stimulate bone growth due to stimulation of
osteoclast genesis inhibitory factor
Slide 11
o Epiphyseal closure : This effect on female is stronger than
on male. growth of the female usually earlier than male. Female
eunuch who is devoid of estrogen grows taller than a normal female
Effect of Estrogens on the bone : Relation between menopause and
osteoporosis ?
Slide 12
Effect of Estrogens on Protein Deposition : o Estrogen cause
slight increase on total body protein o The enhanced protein
deposition caused by testosterone is much powerful than that cause
by estrogen.
Slide 13
Effect of Estrogens on Body Metabolism and Fat Deposition : o
Estrogen increase the whole body metabolic rate slightly, but only
as much as the increase caused by the male sex hormones
testosterone. o They also cause deposition of increased quantity of
fat in the subcutaneous tissues.
Slide 14
Effect of Estrogens on Body Metabolism and Fat Deposition : o
the percentage of body fat in the female is greater than in the
male. o In addition, estrogen cause the deposition of fat in the
buttocks and thighs which is characteristic of the feminine
figure.
Slide 15
Effect of Estrogens on the Skin : o Cause the skin to develop
texture that is soft and smooth. o Cause the skin to become more
vascular increase warmth of the skin. promotes greater bleeding of
the cut surface than is in men.
Slide 16
FUNCTION OF PROGESTERONE
Slide 17
Effect of the Progesterone on the Uterus : o promote secretory
change in the uterine endothelium. thus preparing the uterus for
implantation of the fertilized ovum. o Decrease the frequent and
intensity of uterine contraction helping to prevent expulsion of
the implant ovum.
Slide 18
Effect of progesterone on fallopian tubes : o increase
secretion of the mucosal lining. These secretion are important for
nutrition of the ovum before implantation.
Slide 19
Effect of Progesterone on the Breasts : o development of the
tubules and alveoli causing the alveolar cell to proliferate
enlarge become secretory in nature. o However it does not secrete
milk, milk secretion is stimulated only by prolactin.
Slide 20
Effect of Progesterone on the Breasts : cause the breast to
swell due to secretory development in the lobules and alveoli.
Slide 21
Female hormonal system o Hypothalamus : GnRH o Anterior
Pituitary gland : FSH LH o Ovaries : Estrogens Progesterone
Slide 22
the regulation of the female monthly rhythm interplay between
the ovarian and hypothalamic-pituitary hormones o Hypothalamus
secrets GnRH. o GnRH transported by hypothalamus- hypophysial
portal system to the anterior pituitary gland. o GnRH causes the
anterior pituitary gland to secrets LH and FSH
Slide 23
Slide 24
-ve feedback effects of Estrogen and Progesterone to Decrease
LH and FSH Secretion 1.Estrogen in small amount has strong effect.
2.When progesterone is available, the inhibitory effect of estrogen
is multiplied 3.The progesterone itself has little effect.
Slide 25
o These feedback operate mainly on the anterior pituitary o
they also operate to lesser extent on the hypothalamus to decrease
the secretion of GnRH
Slide 26
Inhibin o Secrets from the ovarian corpus luteum (granulosa
cells ) to inhibit FSH and LH. o The sertoli cells in testes
secrets inhibin. o This hormone has the same effect in male and
female inhibit the secretion of FSH and lesser extent LH. o
Therefore it has been believed that inhibin might be important
cause in decrease FSH and LH at the end of the cycle
Slide 27
+ve feedback of estrogen before ovulation o The anti. Pituitary
gland secrets greatly increase amounts of LH for 1 to 2 days
beginning 24 to 48 hrs before ovulation. o There is also much
smaller preovulatory surge of FSH as well
Slide 28
+ve feedback of estrogen before ovulation o The cause of this
abrupt is not known, however several possible explanations are
there : 1)Estrogen has +ve feedback effect of stimulation of LH and
FSH (contrast to its normal ve feedback) 2)The granulosa cells
start to secret small but increasing quantities of progesterone a
day or so before the surge
Slide 29
+ve feedback of estrogen before ovulation o With of the normal
preovulaory of LH surge, ovulation will NOT occur.
Slide 30
Postovulatory phase o corpus luteum secretes large quintities
of progesterone and estrogen as well as inhibin. o These hormones
have ve feedback effect on the anti. Pituitary and hypothalamus o
Decrease the FSH and LH to the lowest level 3 to 4 days before the
onset of the menstruation
Slide 31
Follicular growth phase o 3-4 days before menstruation the
corpus lutum has regressed to almost total involution. o Secretion
of its hormones decreased to low. o Hypothalamus and anti.
Pituitary release from the ve feedback. o FSH begins to increase
and several days after menstruation begins LH secretion
increase
Slide 32
Follicular growth phase o These hormones initiate new ovarian
follicle growth o progressive increase in the secretion of
estrogen. o Estrogen reaches a peak secretion at about 12.5 to 13
days after the onset of new cycle. o During the first 11 to 12 days
the level of FSH and LH slightly decrease due to the ve feedback
mainly of estrogen
Slide 33
Follicular growth phase o Then a sudden remarkable increase in
the secretion of LH and to lesser extend FSH. o This is the
preovulatory surge of LH and FSH which is followed by
ovulation.
Slide 34
Preovulatory surge of LH and FSH causes ovulation 11.5 to 12
days after the onset of the cycle there is decline in the secretion
FSH and LH. The higher level of estrogen at this time ( or the
beginning of progesterone secretion) cause a +ve feedback on the
anti. Pituitary which lead to a surge in the secretion of LH and to
lower extent FSH.
Slide 35
Preovulatory surge of LH and FSH causes ovulation The great
excess of LH level lead to both ovulation and subsequent
development of and secretion by corpus luteum
Slide 36
Summary Estrogen functions Female sex organs bone skinProtein
and fat deposition Progesterone functions Uterus Fallopian tubes
Breasts
