A SEMINAR ON

MAGNETIC LAVITATION TRAIN

PRESENTED BY :

KANHAIYA LAL

ME A-2

ROLL NO: 1306440054

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. NAGENDRA KUSHWAHAASSISTANT PROFESSOR

MECHANICAL DEPT.

HCST FARAH MATHURA

MagLev –Magnetic LeviationDriving without wheels, Flying without wings

Magnetic LevitationMagnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to

levitate a (usually) metallic object.

Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can levitate an object.

Using either Ferromagnetism or Diamagnetism , object can be levitated.

Most important application of Magnetic Levitation is Transrapid magnetic lift trains.

Basic Principle of Maglev TrainsMaglev trains have to perform the following functions to operate in high

speeds

1.Levitation

2.Propulsion

3.Lateral

Guidance

Types of Maglev Trains

1. Electromagnetic Suspension -Attractive

2. Electrodynamic Suspension -repulsive

Electromagnetic Suspension(EMS)

Electromagnetic Suspension uses electromagnets to levitate the train of attractive in nature

The rail, which is in the shape of “ T “ is a ferromagnetic rail.

When a current is passed through it, and the electromagnet switched on, there is attraction which levitate the electromagnets, which are below the rail, raise up to meet the rail. The Train levitates.

Gap Sensor The attractive force is controlled by a gap sensor that measures the

distance between the rails and electromagnets.

Principle of Lateral Guidance

The levitation magnets and rail are both

U shaped(with rail being an inverted U).

The mouths of U face one another.

This configuration ensures that when ever a levitational force is exerted, a lateral guidance force occurs as well.

If the electromagnet starts to shift laterally from the center of the rail, the lateral guidance force is exerted in proportion to the extent of the shift, bringing the electromagnet back into alignment.

Electrodynamic SuspensionElectrodynamics Suspension uses

Superconductors for levitation, propulsion and lateral guidance

•The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides of the guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating current from a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field on the guideway.

•The on-board superconducting magnets are attracted and pushed by the shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.

•Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive forces.

PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION

An EDS system can provide both levitation and propulsion

EMS systems can only levitate the train using the magnets onboard, not propel it forward.

Pros and Cons of Different Technologies

TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS

EMS(Electromagnetic suspension)

Magnetic fields inside and outside the vehicle are less than EDS; proven, commercially available technology that can attain very high speeds (500 km/h); no wheels or secondary propulsion system needed

The separation between the vehicle and the guideway must be constantly monitored and corrected by computer systems to avoid collision due to the unstable nature of electromagnetic attraction; due to the system's inherent instability and the required constant corrections by outside systems, vibration issues may occur.

TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS

EDS(Electrodynamic suspension)

Onboard magnets and large margin between rail and train enable highest recorded train speeds (581 km/h) and heavy load capacity; has demonstrated (December 2005) successful operations using superconductors in its onboard magnets, cooled with inexpensive liquid nitrogen

Strong magnetic fields onboard the train would make the train inaccessible to passengers with pacemakers or magnetic data storage media such as hard drives and credit cards, necessitating the use of magnetic shielding; limitations on guideway inductivity limit the maximum speed of the vehicle; vehicle must be wheeled for travel at low speeds.

Advantages of Magnetic Levitated Transportation System

Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the same speed (1/3 more power for the same amount of energy).

The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of conventional long-distance railroads.

Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than

airplanes, 250 times safer than conventional railroads, and 700 times safer than automobile travel.

Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard

The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-combustible, poor penetration transmitters of heat, and able to withstand fire.

Current Projects

Currently operational systems include Transrapid (Germany ) and High Speed Surface Transport (Japan ). There are several other projects under scrutiny such as the Swiss Metro, Seraphim and Inductrack. All have to do with personal rapid transit

Germany and Japan have been the pioneering countries in Maglev research

Pune (Pimple Saudagar) – Mumbai (Panvel): The Indian Ministry was in the process of reviewing a proposal to start a Maglev train system in India. It had been estimated that the cost to complete this process would be over $30 Billion. The company who sent the proposals is based in the United States.There had been feelers sent to Lalu Prasad, Railway Minister.However, the plan was dropped in favor of Garib Rath (poor people's cart) that promises transport at a very low cost. But now Mumbai is planningto have its first Maglev connecting to Pune, which will take 30 minutes along the 200 km stretch . This is planned near Hinjewadi IT park in an area called Pimple Saudagar. Pune and Mumbai has a freeway(also called as expressway) where approximately 14000 vehicles travel daily, making fuel consumption at 2 million liters a day . The business proposal is to reduce the fuel consumption and promote Maglev by income from Carbon Credit Sales.

MAGLEV TRAIN IN PERSPECTIVE OF INDIA

Other Applications NASA plans to use magnetic levitation in various research

projects

Boeing is pursuing research in MagLev to provide a Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the Air Force.

The mining industry will also benefit from MagLev.

There are probably many more undiscovered applications!

Conclusion The MagLev Train: Research on this ‘dream train' has been

going on for the last 30 odd years in various parts of the world.

The chief advantages of this type of train are:

Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent of friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.

Maintenance costs decrease The MagLev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the current

rail system. A country like India could benefit very much if this were implemented here. Further possible applications need to be explored.

QUERIES ????