““Hybrid system for home Hybrid system for home lighting application”lighting application”

Presented by

Deepika.N Rajeshwari.M.SDeepika.N Rajeshwari.M.S

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Rajisha.K.PRajisha.K.P

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Under the guidance of Sri.Sai Shankar

Sri.M.V.RambabuLecturer, E&E dept, Senior EngineerGSSSIETW,Mysore BEL, Bangalore

Energy scenario in India:Energy scenario in India: India ranks sixth in the world in total India ranks sixth in the world in total

energy consumption.energy consumption. Per capita energy consumption in India.Per capita energy consumption in India. Energy consumption pattern in IndiaEnergy consumption pattern in India

Problem definition:Problem definition: Limitations of conventional sourcesLimitations of conventional sources Availability of renewable resourcesAvailability of renewable resources Factors limiting the use of the renewable Factors limiting the use of the renewable

resourcesresources Overcoming the disadvantages of Overcoming the disadvantages of

renewable sourcesrenewable sources

Objective of project:Objective of project:

Development of the source selecting Development of the source selecting circuit for the solar, wind and circuit for the solar, wind and conventional source hybrid system conventional source hybrid system considered for the typical home considered for the typical home application.application.

Priority setting of the sources. Priority setting of the sources.

Hybrid systems:Hybrid systems: DefinitionDefinition Aim of designing of hybrid systemsAim of designing of hybrid systems Stages in the design of hybrid systemStages in the design of hybrid system Load analysis of a typical homeLoad analysis of a typical home

Load Analysis:Load Analysis:

Name of theHome appliances

Quantity Working timePer day

Rated powerIn watts

Fluorescent tubes 5 6 hr 40

Electric bulbs 3 2hr 40

Refrigerator 1 12 hr 165

Mixer 1 15 min 550

Television 1 8hr 160

Water pump with leveldetector

1 1 hr 3700

Fans 3 12 hr 58

Washing machine 1 30 min 400

Iron box 1 15 min 1000

Personal computer 1 2 hr 470

Boiler 1 30min 2825

Load During Morning:

Name of theappliances

WorkingTime

Rated powerIn watts

PowerConsumed in watts

Refrigerator 3 hr 165 495

Mixer 5 min 550 45.833

Television 1 hr 160 160

Water pump 1 hr 3700 3700

Iron box 15 min 1000 250

Boiler 30 min 2825 1412

TOTAL= 495-45.833+160+3700-250-1412= 2647.167 watts

Load During Afternoon:

Name of theappliances

Workingtime

RatedPowerIn watts

Power consumed In watts

Refrigerator 3 hr 165 495

Mixer 5 min 550 45.833

Television 3 hr 160 480

Fan 2 hr 58 116

Washing machine

30 min 400 200

TOTAL=495-45.833+480+116-200= 845.167 watts

Load During Evening:

Name of theappliances

Quantity Working Time

RatedPower in watts

PowerConsumed in watts

Tubes 23

6hr1.5hr

40 660

Bulbs 3 2hr 40 240

Refrigerator 1 3hr 165 495

Mixer 1 5min 550 45.833

Television 1 4hr 160 640

Fan 1 1hr 58 58

Personalcomputer

1 2hr 470 940

TOTAL=660-240+495-45.833+640+58+940= 2507.167 watts

Name of theappliances

Quantity Working time

RatedPowerInwatts

PowerConsumed in watts

Fans 2 8hr each 58 928

Refrigerator 1 3hr 165 495

Load During Night:

TOTAL=928+495= 1423 wattsTherefore average load per day = 1855.625 watts (or)

1.855kw

Basic block diagram:Basic block diagram:

Solar energy conversion Solar energy conversion system:system:

India receives the India receives the solar solar energy up energy up to 5 to 7kwh/sq.mto 5 to 7kwh/sq.m

Principal of Principal of photovoltaic photovoltaic effecteffect

Solar cell workingSolar cell working Solar modulesSolar modules Standard modules Standard modules

availableavailable Orientation of Orientation of

modulesmodules

Wind energy conversion Wind energy conversion system:system:

Harnessing of wind Harnessing of wind energyenergy

Aero turbinesAero turbines Other components Other components

requiredrequired Average wind Average wind

speedspeed Height of wind Height of wind

millsmills

Battery Bank:Battery Bank:

Safe charging & discharging are ensured

Inverter:Inverter: DC to AC conversion conversion Drives are used to Drives are used to

control the outputcontrol the output

Implementation:Implementation: Development of source switching circuit Development of source switching circuit

for hybrid systemfor hybrid system

PCB layout:PCB layout:

Hardware description:Hardware description:Power supply:Power supply: Power supply VoltagePower supply Voltage Power supply currentPower supply current Circuit performanceCircuit performance

8051 microcontroller:8051 microcontroller: Features availableFeatures available Description of microcontroller chipDescription of microcontroller chip Crystal oscillator employedCrystal oscillator employed Inputs & outputs connectedInputs & outputs connected

Micro DC Motor:Micro DC Motor:

Principle of workingPrinciple of working Rating of motorRating of motor Purpose of its employment in present Purpose of its employment in present

circuitcircuit

IC ULN2003:IC ULN2003: It is a high voltage & high current Darlington It is a high voltage & high current Darlington

transistor arrays.transistor arrays. Consists of 7 NPN Darlington pairs with Consists of 7 NPN Darlington pairs with

common- cathode clamp diode.common- cathode clamp diode. Collector current rating of a single pair is Collector current rating of a single pair is

500mA.500mA.

Relay:Relay: Electromechanical relayElectromechanical relay Working principleWorking principle Rating of relay coilRating of relay coil Contacts of relayContacts of relay Protection diodeProtection diode

Transformer:Transformer:

Works on the principle of mutual Works on the principle of mutual inductanceinductance

Core typeCore type Primary winding-230vPrimary winding-230v Secondary-12v-0-12vSecondary-12v-0-12v

Filter Capacitor:Filter Capacitor:

It moderates output It moderates output voltage & current voltage & current fluctuations in fluctuations in rectifier output.rectifier output.

Electrical regulator Electrical regulator designed to designed to automatically automatically maintain a constant maintain a constant voltage level.voltage level.

DC Regulator:DC Regulator:

Potentiometer:Potentiometer:

It is a three terminal It is a three terminal resistor resistor

with a sliding contact that with a sliding contact that forms forms

an adjustable voltage an adjustable voltage divider.divider.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):

It is a electronically It is a electronically modulated optical modulated optical devicedevice

It uses very small It uses very small amount of amount of electrical power electrical power

LCD’s 14 data pins LCD’s 14 data pins are interfaced with are interfaced with the PIC the PIC microcontroller microcontroller

PIC Microcontroller:PIC Microcontroller:

Harvard Harvard architecturearchitecture

Lost cost & wide Lost cost & wide availabilityavailability

General features of General features of PIC microcontrollerPIC microcontroller

Features of Features of PIC16F877PIC16F877

Flow Charts:Flow Charts:

Priority Table:Priority Table:

SOLAR ENERGY WIND ENERGY KEB OUTPUT

1 0 0 SOLAR

0 1 0 WIND

0 0 1 KEB

1 1 0 SOLAR

0 1 1 WIND

1 0 1 SOLAR

1 1 1 SOLAR

Working:Working:

8051 microcontroller will trigger the relays 8051 microcontroller will trigger the relays through IC ULN2003through IC ULN2003

The relay outputs are step down to 12vThe relay outputs are step down to 12v The 12v AC is rectified & regulated to 5v DCThe 12v AC is rectified & regulated to 5v DC Input voltage level to the PIC are varied by Input voltage level to the PIC are varied by

using the potsusing the pots Load relay will be triggered based on the Load relay will be triggered based on the

source selectedsource selected source selected is displayed on LCD source selected is displayed on LCD

Merits:Merits:

Pollution freePollution free Advanced design with excellent Advanced design with excellent

protections and indications.protections and indications. Provides DC and AC output for various Provides DC and AC output for various

applications.applications. Reduction in the electric bills.Reduction in the electric bills. Promises the continuous power supply.Promises the continuous power supply. Improves the standard of living.Improves the standard of living.

Demerits:Demerits:

High capital investment.High capital investment. Regular maintenance of batteries. Regular maintenance of batteries. Best suited only where solar and Best suited only where solar and

wind are available.wind are available.

Other Applications:Other Applications:

Traffic signals.Traffic signals. Street lighting.Street lighting. As emergency systems.As emergency systems. Large and medium scale Large and medium scale

industriesindustries

Conclusion:Conclusion:

It ensures an uninterrupted power It ensures an uninterrupted power supplysupply

It is a one time investmentIt is a one time investment The hybrid system also represents The hybrid system also represents

much more cost effective solutions much more cost effective solutions for electricity supply in remote areasfor electricity supply in remote areas

Future Scope:Future Scope:

By employing this system the further By employing this system the further usage of renewable sources will be usage of renewable sources will be increased up to 50% or moreincreased up to 50% or more

For the future research, some other For the future research, some other criteria such as convenience of criteria such as convenience of region, environmental conscious and region, environmental conscious and performance reliability can be taken performance reliability can be taken into account to make Multi-criteria into account to make Multi-criteria process process

References:References:

“ “Non- conventional Sources of Energy”-4th Edition, Non- conventional Sources of Energy”-4th Edition, Rai, G.D Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2007.Rai, G.D Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2007.

“ “Non- Conventional Energy Resources”-Non- Conventional Energy Resources”- Khan, B.H., Khan, B.H., TMH, New Delhi, 2006.TMH, New Delhi, 2006.

“ “Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems” Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems” Mukherjee. D, and Chakrabarti.S, New Age International Mukherjee. D, and Chakrabarti.S, New Age International Publishers, 2005.Publishers, 2005.

Electrical India “Electrical India “Constrains in Growth of Solar Power”Constrains in Growth of Solar Power” Dec- 2009.Dec- 2009.

Electrical India “Electrical India “Wind Energy and its Impact on Wind Energy and its Impact on Environment”Environment” Dec-2009. Dec-2009.

Power Line “Power Line “Wind Power in India” Wind Power in India” Grand Hyatt, Mumbai Grand Hyatt, Mumbai Oct-2009.Oct-2009.

www.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar www.google.com