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Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse In Teenage
BySASMITA SAHA
B. Pharm. 6th Sem.
University Roll No :20101911037
Under the Guidance ofDr. Sailee Chowdhury
Assistant Professor
BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY & TECHNOLOGY
The curse of drug affecting
our youth as well as our
society…
Now a days drug abuse is a complex problem affects peoples from different ages.
The Body’s
Weight: about 3 poundsJob: Controlling everything we do
DRUGS CHANGE
THE WAY OUR
BRAIN WORKS…That’s how you get
addicted
What do
drugs do to
the brain?
Drugs are chemicals
that interfere with the
neuron’s communication
Drugs change the
brain — sometimes
permanently
Communication ways in brain
Neurotransmitters: The brain’s chemical messengers
Receptors: The brain’s chemical receivers
Transporters: The brain’s chemical recyclers
Dopamine Pathways
Functions
•reward (motivation)
•pleasure,euphoria
•motor function
(fine tuning)
•compulsion
•perserveration
•decision making
Serotonin Pathways
Functions
•mood
•memory
processing
•sleep
•cognition
nucleus
accumbens
hippocampus
striatum
frontal
cortex
substantia
nigra/VTA
raphe
Drug Addiction
Primary , chronic & neurobiological disease with psychological and
genetic factors that influence its development
& manifestation.Drug Abuse
Self administration of drugs, in a manner not in accord with accepted
social or medical pattern
A. Psychological Dependency/HabituationB. Physical DependencyC. Compulsive Drug Use
D. Tolerence
Drug Addiction & Abuse includes
What is Teen Substance Abuse?
Teens try alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or other drugs. Some try these only for few times & stop. But others
can't control their urges or cravings for them.
Most often They try :- Nicotine Alcohols Hallucinogens Over the counter medicines
Brain Development• Earlier development of the back of the
brain and later development of the front of the brain
MRI Scans of Healthy Children and Teens Over Time
Drug use starts early & peaks in the teen yearsF
irst D
rug
Use
(n
um
ber
of in
itia
tes)
Infant Teen Adult Older AdultChild
Evidence from survey
How does someone get
addicted to drugs?
Because of the extra dopamine, the brain chemistry changes
The brain stops making
enough of its own dopamine
Without enough dopamine, the
user feels flat, depressed, and
lifeless
The user needs more and more
drugs to feel good
The brain’s changes make the user need the drug just to feel
normal
even if it’s ruining their life
Pushing Factors For Teenagers Towards Drug Use Psychological Or Inner
EXCITEMENT
WANT TO FIT WITH CERTAIN FRIENDS GROUP
TEENAGERS FEELS MORE GROWN UP
FRUSTATION & INADEQUACY
DESIRED FOR INTENSE SENSATION
Social FRIENDS & FAMILY
PROBLEMS
EDUCATION & FAILURE AT SCHOOL
ART MOVIES & CULTURAL INFORMATION
CURIOSITY & TEMPTATION
Hallucinogen
Dried matured leaves of cannabis plant.
Flowering Tops of cannabis sativa.
Entire cannabis plant with variable portions
Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens
Colour precipitation,
sensation loss,death.
pupil dialation, tachycardia,increase body temperature &
respiration.
Pulse rate increases.
Alcohol
Sedative, hypnotic,
tranquillazerHas Slowing
effects on CNS
Causes
Failure of liver Gastric pancreatitis toxic psychosis nerve disorder heart diseases.
Problem remembering things, recently said or did.
Getting drunk on a regular basis.
Thinking that drug is necessary to have fun. Having frequent hangovers.
Feeling run-down, depressed, or even suicidal.
Having "blackouts"--forgetting what you did while drinking.
DriveSaliency
Memory
Control
Non-Addicted Brain
NOGO
Addicted Brain
Drive
Memory
Control
GOSaliency
Why Can’t Addicts Just Quit ?
Because Addiction Changes Brain Circuits
Treating a Biobehavioral Disorder Must Go Beyond Just Fixing the Chemistry
Pharmacological (medications)
We Need to Treat the Whole Person!
Behavioral Therapies
Medical Social Services
CB1 Antagonists
Inhibitors of metabolizing
enzymes
CRF Antagonists
MedicationBasic Research
Agonist TherapyMethadone
BuprenorphineOpiate agonists stabilize brain function in heroin addicts
CB1 KO mice have decreased responses to multiple drugs of abuse
Smokers who are poor nicotine metabolizers smoke less
Stress triggers relapse in animal models of addiction and CRF antagonists interfere with the response to stress
“The Federation of Indian NGOs for Drug Abuse prevention”
(FINGODAP) , was initiated by Society for Promotion of Youth &
Masses (SPYM), New Delhi on 11th August 1991.
The national institute of social defence is a nodal institute and activities
and programmes for protection of our society from drug abuse.
United Nations Office on Drugs and crime (UNODC’s) recently
launched Global study Homicide 2013 on 8 May 2014.
Accept life
unconditionally with a
Positive attitude
Recovery and relapse are
just around the
corner.
Choose ONE
• Clark, D. B., Kirisci, L., & Tarter, R. E. (1998). Adolescent versus adult onset and the development of substance use disorders in males. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 49, 115-121.
• Buck JA.(2011), The looming expansion and transformation of public substance abuse treatment under the Affordable Care Act. Health Aff (Millwood);30(8):1402–10.
• Cohen C, Perrault G, Voltz C, Steinberg R, and Soubrie P (2002) SR141716, a central cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptor antagonist, blocks the motivational and dopamine-releasing effects of nicotine in rats. Behav Pharmacol 13: 451–463.
• Zobel.A., Nickel, T., Kunzel(2000) . Effects of the high-affinity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antagonist R121919 in major depression: the first 20 patients treated. J Psychiatr, 34 : 171-81.
• Brown, S.A., Tapert, S.F., Granholm, E., & Delis, D.C. (2000). Neurocognitive functioning of adolescents: Effects of protracted alcohol use. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 242, 164-171.
References
• Preti A (2007). "New developments in the pharmacotherapy of cocaine abuse". Addict Biol 12 (2): 133–51
• Hall, F. Scott; Drgonova, Jana; Jain, Siddharth; Uhl, George R. (December 2013). "Implications of genome wide association studies for addiction: Are our a priori assumptions all wrong?". Pharmacology & Therapeutics 140 (3): 267–279.
• Nutt King, Saulsbury , Blakemore (2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet 369 (9566): 1047–53.
• Chen JC, Chen PC, Chiang YC (2009). "Molecular mechanisms of psychostimulant addiction". Chang Gung Medical Journal 32 (2): 148–54.
• Durrant, R; Adamson, S; Todd, F; Sellman, D (November 2009). "Drug use and addiction: evolutionary perspective.". The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry 43 (11): 1049–56.