seminarski p01

7/26/2019 seminarski p01

1/20

UNIVERZITET U TUZLIFILOZOFSKI FAKULTETODSJEK:PEDAGOGIJA-PSIHOLOGIJAPREDMET:PSIHOLOGIJA LINOSTI IIMENTOR: Dr. Sc. Tamara Efe!"#-S$a%"#& '. $r(fe)(r

G. A. KELLYKOGNITIVNA TEORIJA LINOSTI

SEMINARSKI RAD

.

S*+!e*: O)ma Kara%me*


2/20

SADR,AJ

. U'(!..................................................................................................................

. K(/"*"'a *e(r"0a 1"2()*"...................................................................................

.. K()*r+3*"'" a1*era*"'"4am..................................................................... 5

.. S*r+3*+ra 1"2()*"...................................................................................... 6.7. D"am"3a " $r(ce)" + 1"2()*".................................................................... 8

.5. 9"31+) 9-S-K......................................................................................... .

.6. Ra)* " ra4'(0 1"2()*"..............................................................................

.. Pr(c0e0"'a0e ()(;"% 3()*r+3a*a......................................................

.8. Em$"r"0)3a $r('0era *e(r"0e..................................................................... 6

.


3/20

1. UVOD

P)"%(1(/"0a 1"2()*" $re!)*a'10a $rema m">10e0+ m(/"% $)"%(1(/a )re!">0e "1"?ar">( m0e)*( + )a'reme(0 $)"%(1(/"0". D(3 )e + !r+/"m (;1"c"ma $)"%(1(/"0e$r(+2a'a0+ "4(1"ra" (;1"c" $(a>a0a " ra/"ra0a& $(!r+20e 1"2()*" 4a%*0e'a4a)*'e( $r(+2a'a0e " (;+%'a#a0e c0e1(3+$(/ 2('0e3a )a )'"m 3(m$(e*ama.Z;(/ ('(/ a " !r+/"% ra41(/a& $)"%(1(/"0a 1"2()*" 0e m(?!a (! )'"% $(!r+20a ++*ar)a'remee $)"%(1(/"0e a0;1"?a 1a"23(m )%'a#a0+ 2('0e3a 3(0e )e a02e>#e *em10"+$ra'( a )"*e*"23(m $r")*+$+.

I4 31""123(/ 3(*a3*a ) $ac"0e*"ma ()*'aree )+ ;r(0e *e(r"0e 1"2()*". S'e(e a)*(0e $r(*+ma2"*" 1"2()* 2('0e3a a ()('+ aa1"4a " ")3+)*a'a $(0e!"%$)"%(1(/a "4 )"*+ac"0a 31""23e $ra3)e. O'e )e *a(r"0e& 3a( " +()*a1(m " (e 3(0e )e e

4a)"'a0+ a 31""23(m ")3+)*'+ " $ra3)"& me@+)(;( 4a*( ra41"3+0+ + (;0a>0e0"ma10+!)3e 1"2()*". Ta3( 0e& a$r"m0er& Fre+! a ()('" ")3+)*'a& 4a0a " "ma/"ac"0e)*'(r"( $)"%(!"am"23+ " $)"%(aa1"*"23+" *e(r"0+& R(/er) 0e )*'(r"( a ()('" )'(0e$ra3)e& ")3+)*'a " 4a0a fe(me(1(>3+ *e(r"0+ + )'(0em Ja& a !r+/" )+ 31""2ar" !(>1"!( !r+/a2"0"% )%'a#a0a. Prema *(me& 4a0e!"23" 31""23" $r")*+$ " a/1a)a3 a"!"'"!+a1"m ra41"3ama $(0e!"ca !('(!e !( ra41"2"*"% (;0a>0e0a 1"2()*". I$a3 &*e*e(r"0e "ma0+ " e3e 4a0e!"23e 3ara3*er")*"3e.


4/20

2. G.A. KELLY

KOGNITIVNA TEORIJA LINOSTI

Fre+!& R(/er) " !r+/" 31""23" (r"0e*"ra" a+*(r" )%'a#a1" )+ 2('0e3a 3a( 0e!atotalni sustav i nisu ga dijelili na pojedine komponente.U $()*"4a0+ c"10+ 3(0" 0e4a0e!"23" )'"m 4a)*'e"m *e(r"0ama& a *( 0e razumjevanje, predvianje imogunosti utjecanja na ponaanje ovjeka, + 'e#"" 31""23"% *e(r"0a 1"2()*"$re'1a!a'a *a0 c0e1('"*" "1" holistiki pristup+ 3(0em )e c"0e1a 1"2()* 4a%'a*a " $r(ma*ra+ )'(0(0 +3+$()*". Me@+*"m& )'a3" 31""23" $)"%(1(/ *e(re*"2ar a /1a>a'a " $r(a1a4"!r+/e )a!r?a0e + *a3'(0 3(c"$"ra(0 1"2()*". Ta3(& !(3 Fre+! + 2('0e3+ $r(a1a4"a/(e " a/()3a )*a0a " e)'0e)e $(*"ca0e 3(0" !('(!e !( am"fe)*(/$(a>a0a& !(*1e R(/er)& a$r"m0er& a/1a>a'apojam o sebi3(0" "ma $(0e!"ca 3a( "a)*(0a0e !a )e $()*"/e samoaktuelizacija linosti 3a( ()('e $(3re*a2ema"fe)*(/ $(a>a0a " $()*+$a0e $(0e!"ca. I4 *a3( ra41"2"*"% $r")*+$a $r("4a>1e )+" (/r(me ra41"3e + me*(!(1(/"0ama $r(+2a'a0a 1"2()*".

S'a3a *e(r"0a 1"2()*( (r0e*"ra1a 0e ")*ra?"'a0a a $(!r+20+ 1"2()*" + !r+/(m)m0er+. Ta3( )+ $(! +*"0ac0em Fre+!('e $)"%(aa1"*"23e *e(r"0e ")*ra?"'a0a +)m0eraaa $r(+2a'a0e *0e)3(;e " (;ram;e"% me%a"4ama 1"2()*"& a $(! +*"ca0emR(/er)('e fe(me(1(>3e *e(r"0e 1"2()*" ")*ra?"'a0a )+ +)m0erea a $r(+2a'a0e$(0ma ( )e;" 3(0" "ma )'a3" $(0e!"ac " a $r(m0ee *(/ $(0ma !( 3(0"% !(1a4" + *(3+

$)"%(1(>3e *era$"0e. Na *a0 a2" )'a3a *e(r"0a 1"2()*" (;(/a*"1a 0e $)"%(1(/"0+ 3a3(('"m *e%"3ama " ")*r+me*"ma& *a3( " ('"m $(!r+20"ma " $r")*+$"ma +")*ra?"'a23(m ra!+.

Te(r"0a Ge(r/a Ke11=a ( personalnim konstruktima *a3(@er $r"$a!a + *($(!r+20e 31""23"% *e(r"0a 1"2()*".

Oa 0e "4ra)1a "4 31""23e $ra3)e 3(0(m )e Ke11= ;a'"( "4 /(!"a " (r"0e"*raa0e a ra4+m0e'a0e $(0e!"aca. T+ *e(r"0+ *a3(@er m(?em( )ma*ra*" "!"(/raf"23(m*e(r"0(m. Ka( >*( 0e )1+2a0 " )a ()*a1"m 31""23"m *e(r"0ama *a3( 0e " *e(r"0a ($er)(a1"m "1" ()(;"m 3()*r+3*"ma *'(re'"amaB holistika teorija.N0e4" 0e ciljra4+m0e'a0e " (;0a>0e0e c0e1(3+$e 1"2()*" $(0e!"ca (!()( $(0e!"a2e

1"2()*" + c0e1""& a e )am( e3(/ !"0e1a *e 1"2()*". N0e4" cilj nije" (;0a>0a'a0e "1"($")"'a0e e3e /r+$e 1"2()*" "1" *"$('a 1"2()*"& " (;0a>0a'a0e $(0e!""%ma"fe)*ac"0a + $(a>a0+ $(0e!"ca& P)"%(1(/ C 31""2ar 3(0" )'(0 ra! 4a)"'a a*e(r"0" ( $er)(a1"m 3()*r+3*"ma m(ra )'(/ $ac"0e*a $r(ma*ra*" e + 0e!(0!"me4"0" "1" )am( + (!()+ a e3" 0e/(' $r(;1em& 'e# + c0e1"" (!()( + '">e!"me4"0a.

I4me@+ Ke11=e'e *e(r"0e " !r+/"% 31""2"% *e(r"0a $()*(0e 'e1"3e ra41"3e.Ke11=e'a *e(r"0a 0e kognitivna teorija linosti.Oa a/1a>a'a 'a?()* a2"a "

ra41"3a 3(0e $()*(0e me@+ 10"!"ma + $erc"$"ra0+ $(!ra?a0a " + $erc"$"ra0+ )'(0e(3(1"e.


5/20

Za*"m& (a a/1a>a'a ra41"3e " 'a?()* + "*er$re*"ra0+ "1" *+ma2e0+ + (;ra!" "*raf)(rmac"0" $(!ra?a0a " "f(rmac"0a 3(0e $(0e!"c+ $r")*"?+ "4 0e/('e (3(1"e.O'a

obrada, tumaenje i shvaanje informacija3(0e $(0e!"ac $r"ma "4 )'(0e (3(1"e!(/a@a )e + 3(*e3)*+ " $(! +*"ca0em 'e# (! $r"0e $()*(0e#"% kognitivnih)*r+3*+ra. Na*a0 a2" Ke11= $(3+>a'a $r(*+ma2"*" c0e1(3+$( $()*+$a0e $(0e!"ca a ;a4"3(/"*"'"% *erm"a. I4 ('(/a 0e 0a)( !a )e 0e/('a *e(r"0a 1"2()*" 4a2a0( ra41"3+0e(! Fre+!('e " fre+!(')3" *e(r"0a 3(0e a/1a>a'a0+ e)'e0)e !e*erm"a*e $(a>a0e "$()*+$a0e.

Ke11= 0e + )'(0(0 $ra3)" 31""23(/ $)"%(1(/a + >3(1ama ra!"( )a $r(;1em(m!0ec(m " !(>a( !( 4a310+23a !a 0e + )'a3(m *a3'(m )1+2a0+ $(*re;( $(3+>a*"ra4+m0e*" $(a>a0e $r(;1em(/ !0e*e*a ) 0e/('e *a23e /1e!">*a a e )am( ) *a23e/1e!">*a a)*a'"3a. O 0e !(>a( !( 4a310+23a !a )+ 3(ce$c"0e ( 10+!"ma *"$a cr( C

;"0e1(& !(;r( C 1(>e& ")*""*( C e")*""*( 4a 0e/a e$r"%a'a*10"'e. Za njega ne postojiapsolutna istinitost, pa ni objektivna istinitost, jer su fenomeni pojedinca smislenijedino u odnosu na naine na koje je taj pojedinac takve fenomene konstruisao.

Prema Ke11=0e'+ m">10e0+ ()('( (;"0e10?0e 10+!" (! 3(0e/ ( $(1a4" + "4/ra!0")'(0e *e(r"0e 0e)* !a )+ 10+!" $( )'(0(0 $r"r(!" istraivai odnosno znastvenici!.Ka( >*(4a)*'e"c" a)*(0epredviati i kontrolirati pojave *a3( ")*( " )'a3" $(0e!"ac $()*+$a) c"10em !a a )1"2a a2" $re!'"@a $(0a'e " !(/a@a0e.

I4/1e!a 3a( !a 0e $)"%(1(/ re3a( )am(m )e;": Ja ;+!+#" !a )am $)"%(1(/ "$rema *(me 4a)*'e"3 $r('(!"m ('a0 e3)$er"me* ) c"10em !a $(;(10>am$re!'"@a0e " 3(*r(1+ (!re@e"% 10+!)3"% fe(mea a m(0 ")$"*a"3 (2"/1e!( 0e$(3re*a e+m(10"'"m a/("ma 3(0" a'"r+ + 0e/('+ ++*ra>0()* "1" 0e $a3 +$r(?!r10"'(m *ra?e0+ %rae "1" 4a31(a.

Ke11= )ma*ra !a 0e )'a3" $(0e!"ac a e3" a2" 3a( " ( )am. Na )1"2a a2"$()*+$a0+ )'" 10+!" & )ma*ra Ke11=. T( "m 0e $rema *(me 4a0e!"23(. O( $( 2em+ )e$(0e!"c" ra41"3+0+ 0e)+ +$ra'( )am" 3()*r+3*" ) 3(0"m a)'a3" $(0e!"ac ra)$(1a?e.

O'a3'a Ke11=0e'a 3(ce$c"0a ( 2('0e3+ $('1a2" 4a )(;(m e3e 3(4e3'ece.

Ke11= $">e: Ta0 )+)*a' ()(;"% 3()*r+3a*a (m(/+#+0e m+ ")*('reme( "

)1(;(!+ " (/ra"2e0e a3c"0e: )1(;(!+ 0er m+ (m(/+#+0e !a )e ;a'" 4a2e0em!(/a@a0a a e $r")"10a'a /a !a ;+!e ;e)$(m(#( /+ra *"m !(/a@a0"ma&(/ra"2e()* 0er "3a!a e m(?e "4a;ra*" "4'a )'"0e*a ("% a1*era*"'a 3(0e 0e )am$(!"/a(..

('0e3 0e !a31e )1(;(!a !a )*'ara 3()*r+3*e a1" 0e (!a " 'e4a 4a 0"%. N0e/('a!a10a )1(;(!a ('")" ( 0e/('(0 )$()(;()*" !a 0e!(m )*'(ree 3()*r+3*e m"0e0a. A3(ema *e )$()(;()*" (!a ema " )1(;(!e.


6/20

2.1. Konstr!ti"ni #ltern#ti"i$#%

F"1(4(f)3a $(4"c"0a Ke11=0e'e *e(r"0e $(4a*a 0e 3a( konstruktivni alternativizam.Prema *(m )%'a#a0+ (;0e3*"'a )e rea1()* "1" a$)+1+*a ")*"a e m(/+ *'r!"*". Da ;")e !(/a@a0" )%'a*"1" $(*e;( 0e !a )e (" grade ili konstruiraju. T( 4a2" !a )efe(me" m(/+ ra4+m0e*" 0e!"( a3( $()*(0e 0"%('e reprezentacije.Ke11= )ma*ra !a0e *( )1+2a0 " )a 4a)*'e(m )$(4a0(m. Znastvenim radom ne utvruje se istina, vese razvija sustav konstrukata koji je pogodan za predvianje dogaaja.

Na ()('+ *(/a Ke11= $(!'r/a'a 3r"*"c" 3(ce$c"0e ( $)"%"23(m ?"'(*+ +

31a)"2(0 $)"%(1(/"0". O )ma*ra !a *e 3(ce$c"0e $re!)*a'10a0+ !(/me. Oe $()*(0e)am( + /1a'" $(0e!"(/ $)"%(1(/a. S !r+/e )*rae& ( )ma*ra !a )+ 4am">10a0e ""m$r('"4ac"0a 3(r")" 4a 4a()*.

H"$(*e4e )+ *'r!0e ( m(/+#em " (e *re;a0+ ;"*" $(!r'/+*e $r('0er". Ke11=)ma*ra !a $()*(0e *r" a2"a $()*a'10a0a %"$(*e4a 3(0e )e m(/+ $r('0era'a*". Pr'"a2" "1" $r'a me*(!a 0e hipotetiko " deduktivna metoda.Ta 0e me!(*a 4a)*+$10ea +e3)$er"me*a1(0 $)"%(1(/0"& ar(2"*( + $)"%(1(/"0" +2e0a. Dr+/" $()*+$a3 *eme0" )ea indukciji.O'!0e )e %"$(*e4e $()*a'10a0+ a ()('" "!+3c"0e (!()( ($a?a0a$(0e!"a2"% )1+2a0e'a. Tre#" $()*+$a3 4a $()*a'10a0e %"$(*e4a Ke11= a4"'astatistikom mreom.D( %"$(*e4a )e !(1a4" )*a*")*"23"m ")*ra?"'a0em a e 1(/"23"m

$+*em.

S'a3" (! *r" $()*+$3a "ma )'(0e $re!()*" " e!()*a*3e.

Ke11=0e'a 3(ce$c"0a 4a()*" "ma 'a?e "m$1"3ac"0e 4a )+'reme+ $)"%(1(/"0+.Pr'a "m$"3ac"0a (!()" )e a !"ferec"ra0e fiziolokih i psiholokih injenica. #ostojesamo fizioloke i psiholoke konstrukcije istih ili razliitih fenomena. Dr+/a 'a?a"m$1"3ac"0a (!()" )e a operacionalizam + )a'reme(0 $)"%(1(/"0". K(a2a"m$1"3ac"0a Ke11=0e'a )%'a#a0a 4a)*'e(/ ra!a + $)"%(1(/"0" 0e)*e !a 0e 31""23ame*(!a a03(r")"0a. Oa !('(!" !( $()*a'10a0a %"$(*e4a& !( $(0a'e ('"% 'ar"0a;1"...

Ke11= )ma*ra !a !(;ra $)"%1(>3a *e(r"0a m(ra $(*a3+*" " $(3a4a*" $+*e'e 4ar0e>a'a0e 'a?"% $r(;1ema 10+!" " !r+>*'a.

D(/ma*"4am + $)"%(1(/"0" !('(!" !( '0er('a0a + ")*"e " e")*"e. D(3a4"'a0e")*""*()*" '1a)*"*"% *+ma2e0a " 3(ce$c"0a " e")*""*()*" *+@"% 4a Ke11=0a 0e )am(gubljenje vremena.P)"%(1(4" *re;a0+ m")1"*" + ma0e 3(3re*"m *erm""ma " $()*a'10a*"'">e %"$(*e4a. S'e *e(r"0e )+ $( 0e/('(m m">10e0+ )am( $(1+")*"e " $r"$a!a0+ + ((>*( Ke11= a4"'a svijetom zamiljanja.


7/20

2.2. Str!tr# li&nosti

Sr? Ke11=0e'e *e(r"0e 1"2()*" 2"" a2" a 3(0" )'a3" $(0e!"ac percipira iinterpretira svije oko sebe.K10+2" $(0am + *(0 *e(r"0" 0e)*e $(0am konstrukta, kalupa iliinterpretacije odnosno tumaenje i shvaanje.Pr(4"re 3a1+$a " (;ra)ce Ke11= a4"'apersonalnim ili osobnim konstruktima. Prema *(me& $er)(a1" 3()*r+3*"$re!)*a'10a0+ e3+ 'r)*+ m">10e0a "1" m")1" 3(0"ma $(0e!"ac $($ra#+0e " "*er$re*"ra)'(0e ()(;( ")3+)*'( (!()( )'(0e )+;0e3*"'( ")3+)*'( " )*'ara )'(0 )+;0e3*"'")'"0e*. O)(;" 3()*r+3*" m+ (m(/+#+0+ !a $r(m0ee + )'(0(0 (3(1"" "*er$re*"ra are1a*"'( 3(4")*e*a a2" " !a $r"!a0e )m")a( $(0a'ama " !(/a@a0"ma + )'(0(0(3(1"".

Pr"m0er" 4a $er)(a1e 3()*r+3*e "1" 3a1+$e 3(0"ma )e 10+!" + )'a3(!e'(m?"'(*+ 2e)*( )1+?e 4a "*er$re*ac"0+ )'(0e (3(1"e 0e)+. !(;ar a$rama 1(>& $(>*ea$rama e$(>*e& ")3re a$rama e")3re& " )1.

S'a3" $(0e!"ac +?( "*er$re*"ra ")*e !(/a@a0e + (3(1"" a )'(0 '1a)*"*" a2"3(0" 0e ()e;+0em " ra41"2"* (! a2"a a 3(0e *e !(/a@a0e "*er$re*"ra0+ !r+/" 10+!". $epostoji dvoje ljudi koji bi iste dogaaje interpretirali na jdnak nain. Z;(/ *(/a )e$()*a'10a $"*a0e 3(0a 0e "*e$re*ac"0a *a2a& (!()( 2"0a 0e "*er$er*ac"0a *a2a. UKe11=0e'(0 *e(r"0" e $()*(0" (!/('(r a *a3'( $"*a0e. Ke11= )ma*ra !a )'a3( (! a)

filtrira realnost kroz svoje osobne kalupe.Z;(/ *(/a 0e )'a3a "*er$re*ac"0a e3(/!(/a@a0a 3(0+ !a0+ 10+!" (!/('ara0+#a& a1" +/1a'(m 4a *(/ $(0e!"aca.

#ersonalni konstrukti)*'ara0+ )e + *(3+ (!re@e(/ $r(ce)a. Pr(ce) a)*a0a0a3()*r+3a*a + 'reme+ Ke11= a4"'a procesom konstruiranja. Pr(ce) 3()*r+"ra0a4a$(2"0e (!a 3a! $(0e!"ac 4a$a4" e3" ($>*" *(3 !(/a@a0a " +2"" $(3+>a0 !a *e!(/a@a0e "1" !(/a@a0 "*er$re*"ra. Ka)"0e& + *(3+ )'(/ 1"2(/ ")3+)*'a $(0e!"ac($a?a " $re$(4a0e 0e!a (;ra4ac "1" $(a'10a0e ")*(/ ")3+)*'a. K(a2(& $(0e!"ac*(m '1a)*"*(m ")3+)*'+ $(2"0e $r"!a'a*" (!re@e( 4a2e0e " obrazac tumaenja.

Me@+*"m& (( >*( 0e $rema Ke11=0+ a0'a?"0e & *( 0e m(/+#()* $re!'"@a0a

;+!+#"% !(/a@a0a " 3(*r(1"ra0e *"% ;+!"#"% !(/a@a0a. Na ()('" 3()*r+3a*a$(0e!"ac )*'ara oekivanja;+!+#"% !(/a@a0a. Ta3'a (2e3"'a0e $(ma?+ $(0e!"c+!a )re@+0e )a!a>0a ")3+)*'a " !a $re!'"@a ;+!+#a. O'( $re!'"@a0e ;+!+#"% !(/a@aa ()('" $()*(0e#"% 0e + f(rm" hipoteza.U *a3'(0 %"$(*e4" $(0e!"ac (2e3+0e !a #e0e/(' )a!a>0" 3()*r+3* !(;r( a*"c"$"ra*" e3" ;+!+#" !(/a@a0 + 0e/('(0 (3(1"".S'a3( (2e3"'a0e $re!)*a'10a %"$(*e4+ a *a )e hipoteza podvrgava testiranju.

A3( e3( $re!'"@a0e ;+!+#" !(/a@a0 e $(*'r!" !(#" #e !( (!re@ee re'"4"0e3()*r+3*a (!()( !( 0e/('e $(*$+e e1"m"ac"0e.


8/20

%sobine konstrukata

K()*r+3*" "ma0+ ()(;"e 3(0e Ke11= a4"'a formalnim osobinama.Pr'a *a3'a()(;"a 0e podruje primjenjivosti e3(/ 3()*r+3*a. T( $(!r+20e (;+%'a*a )'e!(/a@a0e a 3(0e )e m(?e $r"m"0e"*" e3" 3()*r+3*(r. Na $r"m0er& 3()*r+3*a!"me4"0a !(;ar C 1(> "ma 'r1( >"r(3( $(10e $r"m0ee& !(3 !"me4"0a +2e C /1+$"ma 4a*( +?e $(!r+20e $r"m0ee.

S'a3" 3()*r+3* "ma )'(0 fokus ili arite primjene.T( 0e (( $(!r+20e + 3(0(0 0e*a3a' 3()*r+3*(r a03(r")"0" 4a *+ma2e0e e3"% !(/a@a0a. Tre;a a/1a)*" !a 0ef(3+) $r"m0ee e3(/ 3()*r+3*(ra )$ec"f"2a 4a $(0e!"ca 3(0" *a0 3()*r+3* 3(r")*".

Tre#a 'a?a ()(;"a 0e)* permeabilnost $r($+)()*B *0. nepermeabilnost

e$r($+)()*B e3(/ 3()*r+3*a. Permea;"1" )+ 3()*r+3*" (" 3(0" !($+>*a0+ !a('" e1eme*" +1a4e + 0(%('( $(!r+20e $r"m0e0"'()*"& a e$ermea;"1" )+ ("3()*r+3*" 3(! 3(0"% '">e "0e m(/+#e +'(@e0e ('"% e1emea*a + $(!r+20e$r"m0e0"'()*".

&ipovi osobnih konstrukata

Ke11= ra41"3+0e e3(1"3( 'r)*a 3()*+3a*a. O'( )e ra41"3+0e $( *(me 3(1"3( e3"3()*r+3* "ma 3(*r(1+ a! )'(0"m e1eme*"ma. Oa0 3()*r+3* 3(0" "ma *a3'+ 3(*r(1+a! )'(0"m e1eme*"ma !a (" $r"$a!a0+ )am( + (3'"r *(/ 3()*r+3*a " e m(/+ ;"*"21a('" !r+/"% 3()*r+3a*a a4"'a )e preventivnim konstruktom. Pre'e*"'" a2"m">10e0a $re!)*a'10a a e3" a2" 4a;ra0"'a0e )e;" " !r+/"ma $ra'a a $r(m0e+&$ra'a a re"*er$re*ac"0+ !r+/(/ " em(/+#()* !a )e e3" !"( ")3+)*'a "1" e3"!(?"'10a0" '"!e " + !r+/(m )'0e*1+ (! ((/ 3(0" 0e +(;"2a0e.

S1"0e!e#" *"$ 0e propozicionalne konstrukti ili interpretacije.O (m(/+#+0e !a$(0e!"ac 3(0" "ma *a3'e 3()*r+3*e ;+!e +'"0e3 (*'(re ('"m ")3+)*'"ma " m(?e 'r1(1a3( m"0e0a*" )'(0e $(/1e!e )%'a#a0a (!()( )*0eca*" ('a )%a'#a0e " ('e$(/1e!e. Me@+*"m& Ke11= )ma*ra !a m" ()(;a 3(0a ;" ra)$(1a/a1a )am( )

$re$(4"c"(a1"m 3()*r+3*"ma "ma1a 'r1( 'e1"3e $(*e>3(#e + )a1a?e0+ "$r"1a/(@a'a0+ 0er e ;" m(/1a 1a3( !(()"*" 4a310+23e. Z;(/ *(/a )+ e($%(!e "!r+/e 'r)*e 3()*r+3a*a.


9/20

2.'. Din#%i!# i (rocesi li&nosti

D"am"3a " $r(ce)" + 1"2()*" 3a( " $r(m0ee 1"2()*" !(/a@a0+ )e $remaKa11=0e'(0 *e(r"0" + )31a!+ ) %snovnim #ostulatom *e *e(r"0e " + )31a!+ ) 0e!aae)*#ouaka.O'a0 P()*+1a* " P(+2c" 2"e )r? Ke11=0e'e *e(r"0e 1"2()*".

%snovni #ostulat

O)('" P()*+1a* 3a?e: Pr(ce)" + e3(0 1"2()*" )+ $)"%(1(>3" 3aa1"4"ra"

a2""ma a 3(0" *a 1"2()* a*"c"$"ra !(/[email protected] P()*+1a*+ )e a/1a>a'a0+ $r(ce)" a e "er*e 3(m$(e*e. I4 P()*+1a*a 0e'"!10"'( !a 0e Ke11=0e' )+)*a' $)"%(1(>3" $( )'(0 $r"r(!" " !a 0e 4;(/ *(/a 0e/( 'ra)$($r"m0ee C ")$"*"'a0e 10+!)3(/ $(a>a0a.

#ouci

P(+2c" + 'e4" )a f+!ame*a1"m P()*+1a*(m $(;1"?e ($")+0+ $r(ce)e "$r(m0ee 3(0e )e !(/a@a0+ " 1"2()*".

#ouak o konstruiranju

Ta0 $+2a3 /1a)": S'a3a ()(;a a*"c"$"ra !(/a@a0e *a3( !a 3()*r+"ra 0"%('ere$1"3ac"0e $(a'10a0aB. K()*r")a*" e3" !(/a@a0 4a2" interpretirati ga.P(a'10a0em *a3'e "*er$re*ac"0e $(0e!"ac 0e + m(/+#()*" !a $re!'"@a !(/a@a0e3(0" )e 0(> ")+ !e)"1". K()*r+3*" )e )*'ara0+ a ()('" $erc"$"ra0a )1"2()*" " ra41"3ame@+ !(/a@a0"ma " )'a3" 3()*r+3* m(ra )$ec"f"c"ra*" " )1"2()* " ra41"3+ "1"3(*ra).K(*ra)*" $(1(!"'" )+ "m$1"c"*". Me@+*"m& 3(*ra)*" $1(!('" + "!"'"!+a1"m3()*r+3*"ma $(0e!"ca m(/+ ;"*" )a)'"m osobiti.P(*re;( 0e 4a )'a3" $(1 e3(/3()*r+3*a 4a*" 3(0" 0e )+$r(*a $(1 *(/ 3()*r+3*a 4a *(/ $(0e!"ca. Je!"( )e *a3(

m(?e )%'a*"*" nain na koji pojedinac interpretira svijet.

*( )e *"2e re$1"3ac"0e "1" $(a'10a0a Ke11= )ma*ra !a ;e4 ($a?a0e $(a'10a0e" )1"2()*" ema " 0"%('e "*er$re*ac"0e. Ia3( !(/a@a0" ")+ $()'e "!e*"2"& (" )em(/+ $re!'"@a*" +3(1"3( )+interpretabilni na isti nain"1" +3(1"3( )e m(/+ 3()*r"ra*"a ")*" a2".

#ruak o individualitetu

Ta0 $(+2a3 /1a)": L"2()*" )e ra41"3+0+ 0e!a (! !r+/e $( a2"+ 3a3("*er$re*"ra0+ "1" 3()*r+"ra0+ !(/a@a0e.


10/20

Za Ke11=0a e $()*(0e !'a 0e!a3a 2('0e3a . T( ")+ 2a3 "*" "!e*"2" ;1"4ac".'vaki pojedinac interpretira dogaaje na svoj nain i promatra svijet kroz vlastitenaoale.L0+!" )e& $rema *(me& ra41"3+0+ me@+)(;( 4;(/ (/ >*( )e 0"%('" 3()*r+3*"

"1" "*er$re*ac"0e !(/a@a0a ra41"3+0+. Za *( $()*(0e ;r(0" $r"m0er" "4 ")3+)*'a.L0+!" )e me@+)(;( e )1a?+ 4;(/ *(/a >*( )'a3" (! 0"% !0e1+0e a ()('"razliitih sustava konstrukata ili interpretacija.Ne )am( !a )e a )1a?+ me@+)(;(e/( $rema Ke11=0e'(0 *e(r"0"& (" 2a3 ni ne govore i ne mogu govoriti o istim stvarimaiako misle i ive u uvjerenju da to mogu i da to ine.

#ouak o dihotonomiji

S+)*a' 3()*r+3a*a e3e 1"2()*" )a)*(0" )e (! 0e!(/ 3(a2(/ ;r(0a!"%(*(m"% 3()*r+3a*a. O'a0 $(+2a3 (!re@+0e (+ ()(;"+ 3()*r+3a*a ( 3(0(0 0e'e# ;"1" /('(ra& !a )+ 3()*r+3*" ;"$(1ar" " !"%(*(m" $( )'(0(0 $r"r(!".S'a3" !(/a@a0

3(0" )e "*re$re*"ra a *a3a' a2" m(ra ;"*" $()*a'10e a 0e!a $(1 *(/ 3()*r+3*a.Ta3a' $(1 a4"'a )e emergentnim polom.Dr+/" $(1 a4"'a )e implicintim polom.

#ouak o podruju primjene konstrukta

Ta ()(;"a 3()*r+3a*a (!re@ea 0e )10e!e#"m $(+23(m: Ne3" 0e 3()*r+3*$(/(!a 4a a*"c"$ac"0+ )am( 0e!(/ 3(a2(/ ;r(0a !(/a@a0a.

I4 ('(/a )e '"!" !a $(0e!"ac ne moedoivjeti ono za to nema pripremljenihkonstrukata ili intrepretacija,$a "% 4;(/ *(/a e m(?e "a*r$re*"ra*".

#ouak o organizaciji

+!+#" !a 0ejedinica linosti 4a Ke11=0a 3()*r+3*& organizacija linosti je zanjega organizacije tih konstrukata.P(+2a3 ( (r/a"4ac"0" 3()*r+3a*a /1a)": U )'r%+a*"c"$ac"0e !(/a@a0a )'a3a ()(;a )*ra'a 0e!a )+)*a' 3()*r+3a*a 3(0"m )+ (!re@e"(r!"a1" (!()" me@+ 3()*r+3*"ma.

Prema *(me& 10+!" )e me@+)(;( e ra41"3+0+ )am( + 3()*r+3*"ma 3(0"mara)$(1a?+& 'e# " a2"(m a 3(0" )+ *" 3()*r+3*" (r/a"4"ra" 3(! )'a3(/ $(0e!"ca.D'a 2('0e3a m(/+& *e(re*)3"& "ma*" "!e*"2e 3()*r+3*e a1" m(/+ ;"*" 'r1( ra41"2"*e $a2a3 " )a)'"m ra41"2"*e 1"2()*" 4;(/ ra41"2"*e (r/a"4ac"0e *"% 3()*r+3a*a.

U+*ar 0e!e 1"2()*" 3()*r+3*" )+ (r/a"4"ra" a hijerarhijski nain.Sa)*a'

3()*r+3a*a 0e ordinalna organizacija3(0a (m(/+#+0e !a )e )a 0e!"% 3()*r+3a*a$re1a4" a !r+/e a )re@e a2" " !a )e *a3( "4;0e/a'a0+ 3(f1"3*" 3(0" ;" "a2ea)*a1".

Sa)*a' 3()*r+3*a 3(! e3(/ $(0e!"ca& $rema Ke11=0+& 0e 0(> )*a;"1"0" (!$(0e!"a2"% 3()*r+3a*a& a1" )e " ( m(?e m"0e0a*". Vr"0e!()* (r/a"4ac"0e " m0er"1(+)$0e>()*" *e (r/a"4ac"0e 3()*r+3a*a 0e)*e 0e/('a efikasnost u predvianju.

#oznavati neku linost znai, prema tome, poznavati njenu organizacijukonstrukata. Je!"( 0e *a!a m(/+#e )m")1e( "*er$re*"ra*" 0ee $()*+$3e "$(a>a0a.


11/20

#ouak o izboru

P(+2a3 ( "4;(r+ !(re@+0e 3(0" )e $(1 e3(/ 3()*r+3a*a ;"*" 3(r">*e 4a

"*er$re*ac"0+. P(0e!"ac (!a;"re 4a )e;e (+ a1*era*"'+ + e3(m !"%(*(m"4"ra(m3()*r+3*+ ) 3(0(m $re!$()*a'10a !a #e ()*'ar"*" 'e#+ e1a;(rac"0+ )'(/ )+)*a'a.E1a;(rac"0a )+)*a'a 3()*r+3a*a ()*'ar+0e )e a !'a a2"a: definicijom i

ekstenzijom.Def""c"0a $('e#a'a 0e/('+ $rec"4()*& a *"me " 0e/('+ ef"3a)()* +$re!'"@a0+. E1a;(rac"0a e3(/ 3()*r+3a*a 4a2" $('e#a'a0e $(!r+20a 0e/('e$r"m0e0"'()*".

M(?e )e $re!$()*a'"*" !a #e + )"*+ac"0" 3a! )e e3" 3()*r+3* $(3a4+0eef"3a)"m 4a $re!'"@a0e $()*(0a*" *e!ec"0a !a )e ( )*a1( a('( 3(r")*"& *0.stradegija ekstenzije& a + )"*+ac"0" 3a! 0e e3" 3()*+r3* )1a; + a*"c"$"ra0+ ;+!+#"%!(/a@a0a& $()*(0a* #e *e!ec"0a 3(r">*e0a strategije definiranja3()*r+3*a.

#ouak o iskustvu

Ne3" )+)*a' #e )e ar(2"*( 3(r")*" 3a!a 0e $(0e!"ac "41(?e ('"m ")3+)*'"ma"1" e$(4a*"m !(/a@a0"ma.

P(+2a3 ( ")3+)*'+ /1a)": S+)*a' 3()*r+3a*a e3e 1"2()*" m"0e0a )e + )31a!+) +)$0e%(m ) 3(0"m ( 3()*r+"ra $(a'10a0e !(/a@a0a. S+)*a' 3()*r+3a*a$re!)*a'10a& $rema *(me& sustav hipoteza o svijetu koje je pojedinac stvorio i kojeneprekidno provjeravaju na osnovi iskustva.

I)3+)*'( 0e!e ()(;e& $rema Ke11=0+& $re!)*a'10a re3()*r+3c"0+ e2"0e/ ?"'(*a3(0a )e 4a)"'a a re'"4"0ama 3()*r+3a*a *e ()(;e 3a3( )e (e !(/a@a0+ $(!+*"ca0em 4;"'a0a.

#ouak o promjenjivosti konstrukata

Ta0 $(+2a3 0e )10e!e#": Var"0ac"0e + )+)*a'+ 3()*r+3a*a e3e ()(;e(/ra"2ee )+ $ermea;"1(>#+ 3()*r+3a*a ++*ar 2"0e/ $(!r+20a $r"m0ee *e 'ar"0ac"0e1e?e.

O'a0 $(+2a3 "m$1"c"ra !a m(ra $()*(0a*" 0(> " konstrukt o promjeni!a ;" !( *e$r(m0ee !(>1(.

#ouak o zajednitvu i slinosti

P(+2a3 ( )1"2()*" 3a?e: O(1"3( 3(1"3( e3a ()(;a 3(r")*" 3()*r+3c"0e "1""*re$re*ac"0e ")3+)*'a 3(0e )+ )1"2e 3()*r+3c"0ama e3e !r+/e ()(;e& *(1"3( )+ "0e" $)"%"23" $r(ce)" )1"2" !r+/(0 ()(;".

P(a>a0e 1"2()*" $(0e!"ca + e3(0 )"*+ac"0" (!re@e( 0e 0e"m 3()*r+3*"ma.D'a $(0e!"ca $(a>a* #e )e )1"2( + ")*(0 )"*+ac"0" a3( *+ )"*+ac"0+ 3()*r"ra0+ a)1"2a a2" "1" )1"2"m 3()*r+3*"ma.

Tre;a a/1a)"*" !a 3()*r+3c"0e " *+ma2e0a *(/ ")3+)*'a *re;a ;"*" ra41"2"* 3(!ra41"2"*"% /r+$a.


12/20

#ouak o socijalnosti

Ta0 $(+2a3 3a?e: Ne3( m(?e "/ra*" e3+ +1(/+ + )(c"0a1(m $r(ce)+ + 3(0" 0e+310+2ea e3a !r+/a ()(;a 0e!"( + *(1"3(0 m0er" + 3(1"3(0 m(?e 3()*r+"ra*""*er$re*a*"'e $r(ce)e *e !r+/e ()(;e.

Da31e& !a ;" $()*(0a( e3" )(c"0a1" (!() "4me@+ !'"0e ()(;e 0e!a (! 0"%& "1"(;0e& m(ra0+ "ma*" (!re@e" +'"! "1" ra4+m0e'a0e ( *(me 3a3( !r+/a ()(;a m")1" "1")%'a#a !(/a@a0e. Z;(/ *(/a& socijalni procesi postoje tek onda kad je jedna osobasposobna razumjeti psiholoke procese druge i u mogunosti da predvia i razumijesadanje i budue ponaanje drugog.

U1(/e $(0e!"aca + )'a3(!e'(m ?"'(*+ m(/+ ;"*" 'r1( ra41"2"*e + ")*( 'r"0eme.Ta3( )m(& ")*('reme(& " $r"0a*e10" e3(meB " e$r"0a*e10" !r+/(meB& 3(1e/"& !r+/('"&

10+;a'"c"& r(!"*e10"& !0eca& m+?e'"& a)*a'"c" "*!.a3 " + (!()+ a ")*+ ()(;+ m"igramo brojne uloge.

#ouak o fragmentiranju

P(+2a3 ( fra/me*"ra0+ 3a?e: P(0e!"ac m(?e )+3ce)"'( +$(*re;10a'a*"ra41"2"*e )+;)+)*a'e 3()*r+3a*a 3(0" )+ me@+)(;( "3(m$a*";"1".

K(r">*e0e "3(m$a*";"1"% $(!)+)*a'a m(?e $()*(0a*" )am( u sukcesiji& a e")*('reme(. Ta3'a ")*('reme()* m(/1a ;" !('e)*" !(poremeaja u ponaanju.

%n predstavlja osnovicu na kojoj se moe objediniti individualna i socijalnapsihologija.

(rugi procesi u linosti

Ke11= !a0e " )a)'"m ra41"2"*e "*er$re*ac"0e " 4a !r+/e *ra!"c"(a1e $(0m('e "$r(ce)e 3(0" )+ 'a?" 4a ra4+m0e'a0e 1"2()*".

)ell*jeva definicija linosti. Ke11= "0e !a( e3+ e3)$1"c"*+ !ef""c"0+ 1"2()*". A1" ($">e !a 0e 1"2()* Na>a a$)*ra3c"0a a3*"'()*" e3e ()(;e " a>a a3a!a/eera1"4ac"0a *e a$)*ra3c"0e a )'a $"*a0a 0e/('"% (!()a ) !r+/"m ()(;ama$(4a*"m " e$(4a*"m& 3a( " a )'e !r+/( m(?e "4/1e!a*" 4a2a0(.. L"2()*& ne

postoji kao poseban entitet koji se moe otrkiti sam po sebi.

+otivacija. Prema m">10e0+ Ke11=0a $(0am m(*"'ac"0e predpostavlja da su ljudi posvojoj prirodi inertni ili statini i da djeluju samo kad neka sila djeluje na njih ili ihpokree.Ke11= me@+*"m& (!;ac+0e )%'a#a0e !a )+ 10+!" ea3*"'a "1" rea3*"'a ;"#a.N0%('a a3*"'()* $r("4"1a4" "4 )ame 2"0e"ce !a )+ ?"'a ;"#a.

&jesokoba ili anksioznost. T0e)3(;a )e 0a'10a 3a!a $(0e!ac "0e + m(/+#()*" !aa*"c"$"ra e3" !(/a@a0& 0er m+ 3()*r+3*" "1" "*er$re*ac"0e )a 3(0"ma ra)$(1a?e *( e(m(/+#+0+. Na *a0 a2" on ne samo da je u strahu i tjeskobi, nego ne moerazumjeti svoju tjeksobu niti zna njen uzrok ili izvor.


13/20

gresija. A/re)"0a )e (!()" a a3*"'+ e1a;(rac"0+ )+)*a'a 3()*+3a*a. Prema

0e/('(m )%'a#a0+ $()*"0e !'"0e 'r)*e a/re)"0e. Je!a 'r)*a a/re)"'()*" (;+%'a*aneprijateljstvo i napad& a !r+/a 'r)*a promjene. A/re)"'()* + e1a;(rac"0" '1a)*"*(/)+)*a'a "ma 2e)*( " !a10e )(c"0a1e re$er3+)"0e.. Ta3( Ke11= 3a?e: Sama 2"0e"ca !a( "4")*"ra a *(me !a )e;e 3()*r+"ra 3a( $r"$a!"3a )(c"0a1e /r+$e& $r"0e*e#a 0e 4a(e 3(0" )+ )e 'e# "!e)*"f"c"ra1" ) /+r+$(m.

$epritaljestvo.Ne$r"0a10e*)'( 0e )*a1a a$(r! )e "4+!e $(!ac" 3(0" $(*r'@+0+ e3+'r)*+ )(c"0a1(/ $re!'"@a0a 3(0e )e !(3a4a1( 3a( $r(ma>a0.Ke11= )ma*ra !a 0e e$r"0a*e10)3( $(a>a0e motivirano eljom da se potvrde vlastitapredvianje, a ne osvetoljubljuvou.Ne$r"*a10e)3( $(a>a0e& $rema Ke11=0+& "0e+'"0e3 $(?e10(.

&o je strategija advokata koji na sudu ne dokazuje istinu i strategiju onih koji se boreza socijalne reforme.

)rivnja.D(?"'10a0 3r"'10e )e 0a'10a (!a 3a! $(0e!"ac + )'(m $(a>a0+ odstupa odsrne uloge koju inae ima.

I4 )'e/a )e '"!" !a )+ Ke11=0e'e !ef""c"0e $(0m('a "4 $(!r+20a 1"2()*" 'r1(ra41"2"*e (! !ef""c"0a 3(0e !a0+ !r+/" $)"%(1(4" " *e(re*"2ar" 1"2()*". O( >*( 0e $()'e0e!")*'e( " (r"/"a1( 3(! Ke11=0a 0e)*( *( !a )+ )'e *e !ef""c"0e liene vrijednosnihsudova. 'r je )ell*jeve koncepcije linosti upravo u toj odsutnosti vrednovanje i unastojanju da se linost drugog shvati na osnovi njegovih, a ne vlastitih konstrukata.

2.). *i!ls *+ S+ K

M(!e1 f+3c"("ra0a 2('0e3a 3(0" 0e Ke11= a0'">e e1a;(r"ra( " 3(/a 0e )ma*ra(a0'a?"0"m 0e)*e m(!e1 cirkumspekcija " suavanje " kontrola.T"m m(!e1(m ($")+0e

)eproces pretvaranja kognicije i spoznaje u akciju.P( *(m m(!e1+ $r(ce) 4a$(2"0e)*'ara0em 3()*r+3a*a a 4a'r>a'a (*'(re"m $(a>a0em.

M(/+#()*" )+ + (;1"3+propozicionih konstrukata3(0" )e 1a3( m"0e0a0+. O'+fa4+ Ke11= a4"'a fazom cirkumspekcije. U !r+/(0 fa4"& fazi suavanja& $(0e!"ac)ma0+0e ;r(0 a1*era*"'"% 3()*r+3a*a "1" %"$(*e4a " *( $( m(/+#()*" a 0e!+ 3(0am+ )e 2"" a0'0er('a*"0(m "1" a0a!e3'a*"0(m 4a +(2e" $r(;1em "1" )"*+ac"0+.K(a2( + fazi kontrole( )e (!1+2+0e 4a (!re@e" a2" $()*+$a0a.

9"31+) 9- S- K m(?e )e $(a'10a*" " (;"2( 0e $(*re;( e3(1"3( *a3'"% c"31+)a$r"0e $re!+4"ma0a a3c"0e.

've mogunoasti koje neki pojedinac u nekoj situaciji uoava su tvorevinanjega samog.


14/20

O'!0e *re;a ")*a3+*" 3ara3*er")*"3+ Ke11=0e'e *e(r"0e $( 3(0(0 pojedinac u svojojaktivnosti ne trai potkrepljenje ili izbjegavanje neugode, on jedino trai provjeru za

svoj sustav konstrukata. M(/1" ;" )m(& !a31e& re#" !a pojedinac oekujekonzistentnost ne zbog same konzistentnosti ili zbog same konzistencije.('0e3 *ra?"m(/+#()* a*"c"$ac"0e !(/a@a0a. T( 0e +0e!( " ra41"3a "4me@+ Ke11=0e'e 3(ce$c"0e( 2('0e3+ " 3(ce$c"0e R(/er)a "1" Lec3=0a.

2.,. R#st i r#$"oj li&nosti

O ra)*+ " ra4'(0+ 1"2()*" Ke11= 0e ma1( re3a(. T( 0e a0ma0e ra4ra@e !"(0e/('e *e(r"0e 1"12()*". O)('( 0e $"*a0e ('!0e odakle potjee sustav konstrukata)3(0"ma $(0e!"aca ra)$(1a?e " ($er"ra.

Ja)( 0e !a ra4'(0 1"2()*" "1" ra)* 4a2" 4a Ke11=0a ra)* " ra4'(0 )+)*a'a3()*r+3a*a ) 3(0"ma $(0e!"ac ra)$(1a?e " !a )e *+ + $r'(m re!+ ra!" ( kognitivnomrazvoju i rastu.Sre#(m& ( *(me $()*(0e ;r(0" $(!ac" 3(0" )+ 'e#"(m !(;"'e"e4a'")( (! Ke11=0e'e *e(r"0e.

P"*a0e !e*erm"a*" 3(/"*"'(/ )+)*a'a (!()( ra4'(0a 1"2()*" 'r1( 0e 'a?(4a (!/(0& 0er c"10 (!/(0a *re;a( ;" ;"*" ra4'(0 3(m$1e3)"%m f1e3)";"1"% " a!a$*"'"%)+)*a'a 3()*r+3a*a& !a31e& )+$r(*( (! ((/a >*( )e !aa) (!/(0em (;"2( a)*(0"$()*"#".

2.-. rocjenji"#nje oso/ni0 !onstr!#t#

A3( )e& !a31e& 1"2()* )a)*(0" (! ()(;"% 3()*r+3a*a (!a 0e 4a +$(4a'a0e"1" $r(c0e0"'a0e 1"2"()*" $(*re;( +$(*r"0e;"*" "1" "4m0er" ()(;e 3()*r+3*e. Ia3(()(;" 3()*r+3*" !e*erm""ra0+ e2"0e $(a>a0e "4 )am(/ $(a>a0a "0e m(/+#e!(()*"*" 4a310+23e ( e2"0"m ()(;"m 3()*r+3*"ma. T( 0e 4;(/ *(/a >*( ")*($(a>a0e m(?e + )'(0(0 ()('" "ma*" 'r1( ra4"2"*e )+)*a'e 3()*r+3a*a. Dr+/" a2"a 3(0" ;" )e m(/1" +*'r!"*" 3()*r+3*" 0e)*e !a )e $(0e!"ca !"re3*( $"*a. Me@+*"m&'"!0e1" )m( !a )e 3()*r+3*" 2e)*( e m(/+ "4ra4"*" r"0e2"ma.


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Z;(/ *"% ra41(/a Ke11= 0e )*'(r"( 0e!a (r"/"a1a ")*r+me* 4a +*r'@"'a0e "$r(c0e+ 3()*r+3a*a 3(0e $(0e!"ac 3(r")*" $r" 3()*r+"ra0+ !(/a@a0a 3(0" )+ 4a

0e/a 4a2a0". T( 0e R(1e 9()*r+c* Re$er*(ar= *e)* "1" Te)* re$er*(ara 3()*r+3a*a+1(/a )3ra#e( REP *e)*B. REP *e)* 0e 3()*r+"ra 3a( !"0a/()*"23" ")*r+me* +31""23(0 $ra3)" $)"%(1(/a& *1. Ka( )re!)*'( 4a +$(4a'a0e )+)*a'a 3()*r+3a*a 3(0e$(c"0e* 3(r")*" 4a "e*re$re*ac"0+ )'(0e (3(1"e.

I)$"*a"3+ )e a0$r"0e $re4e*"ra L")*a +1(/a 3(0a )a!r?" !ef""c"0e !'a!e)e* !(*r"!e)e* uloga osoba3(0e )+ (! 'a?()*" 4a *(/ ")$"*a"3a. Pr"m0er *a3'e )3ra#ee1")*e !a 0e + *a;1"c" .

TALI9A

-ista definicija uloga za /# test

U1(/a Def""c"0a

. Ja T" )am. Ma03a T'(0a ma03a "1" ()(;a 3(0a 0e "/ra1a 0e+ +1(/+ +

*'(m ?"'(*+7. O*ac T'(0 (*ac "1" ()(;a 3(0a 0e "/ra1a +1(/+ (ca + *'(m

?"'(*+5. ra* T'(0 ;ra* 3(0" *" 0e a0;1"?" $( !(;" "1" a3( ema>

;ra*a& !0e2a3 3(0" 0e 0e!a3( )*ar 3a( *" " 3(0" *" 0ea0'">e ;"( 3a( ;ra* + *'(0(0 ra(0 m1a!()*".

6. S+$r+/a )+$r+/B T'(0a ?ea "1" m+?B +3(1"3( )" (?e0e "1" *'(0)a!a>0" a0;1"?" $r"0a*e10 )+$r(*((/ )$(1a

. Pr"%'a#e +2"*e10 Na)*a'"3 3(0" 0e a0'">e a *e;e +*0eca( 3a! )" ;"(+ ()('(0 >3(1"

8. O!;a2e +2"*e10 Na)*a'"3 2"0e )" $(/1e!e )ma*ra( a0ma0e$r"%'a*10"'"m + ()('(0 >3(1"

. I*e1"/e*a ()(;a Na0"*e1"/e*"0a ()(;a 3(0+ $(4a0e>. A*ra3*"'a ()(;a O)(;a 3(0" )+ e!a'( )re( " 3(0+ ;" ?e1"( ;(10e

+$(4a*"

Za )'a3+ +1(/+ ")$"*a"3 *re;a a$")a*" (!re@ee ()(;e 3(0e a0;(10e(!/('ara0+ !ef""c"0". Ta "mea a4"'a0+ )efigure.I)$"*a"3+ )e a *a0 a2" $re4e*"ra!'a!e)e* !( *r"!e)*e *r"0a!a f"r+/a " +'"0e3 )e *ra?" !a diferencira i kategorizira teosobe.


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TALI9A

REP *e)* )e 3(r")*" + !'"0e f(rme. Je!a )e a4"'a L")* C f(rma " 3(r")*" )e 4a"!"'"!+a1+ $r"m0e+. Dr+/a f(rma 0e + (;1"3+ ma*r"ce "1" 3r"?a103e. Pr"m0er 4a REP*e)* + f(rm" 3r"?a103e "1" ma*r"ce a1a4" )e + TALI9I .U *a3'+ *a;1"c+ ")$"*a"3 a3(>*( 0e $r(2"*a( !ef""c"0+ $(0e!""% +1(/a +()" a0$r"0e "mea ()(;a 3(0e (!/('ra0+*"m !ef""c"0ama. Za*"m +*'r@+0e )1"2()*" " ra41"2"*()*" "4me@+ ()(;a 3(0e )+ +(!/('ara0+#em re!+ 3r"?a103e (4a2ee 3r+?"#em " 0e!"m 4a3(m !'"0e 3(0e )+)1"2e $( *(m (;"10e?0+.

Ka( re4+1*a* $r"m0ee REP *e)*a !(;"'a )e +4(ra3 3()*r+3a*a 3(0e *a0$(0e!"ac 3(r")*" " +'"! + a2" a 3(0" ( *e 3()*r+3*e 3(r")*". L")* C f(rma REP *e)*a)e 4a*"m $(!'r/a'a klinikoj analizi.


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REP *e)* )"/+r( "ma )'(0"% $re!()*" a1" " e!()*a*a3a. O )"/+r( $re!)*a'10a

3(r")*a $()*+$a3 + !(;"'a0+ +'"!a + a2"e a 3(0" $(0e!"ac '"!" 'a?e ()(;e +)'(m ?"'(*+ " 3a3( "% "*er$re*"ra. Ta3'a "f(rmac"0a m(#e ;"*" 'r1( 3(r")a 4a$)"%(*era$"0+. Ta0 ")*r+me* *a3(@er $r+?a (!re@e" +'"! + repertoar konstrukata3(0e $(0e!"ac 3(r")*".

2.. E%(irijs!# (ro"jer# teorije

Ke11=0e'a *e(r"0a ($")+0e 2('0e3a 3(0" 0e e$re3"!( a/a?"ra + $re!'"@a0+!(/a@a0a 3(0" )e 4;"'a0+ + 0e/('(0 (3(1"". Za *( )+ e($%(!" )+)*a'" 3()*r+3a*a "1""*er$re*ac"0a. Na *a0 a2" 0e Ke11= a *eme10+ 31""23e $ra3)e !(>a( !( 0e!e ($>*e*e(r"0e 2('0e3a " 1"2()*".

Em$"r"0)3" $(!ac" Ke11=0e'e *e(r"0e 4;(/ *(/a )+ a0;r(0"0" a $(!r+20+$a*(1(/"0e $(a>a0a.

#siholoki poremeaji.U *+ma2e0+ $)"%(1(>3"% $(reme#a0a Ke11= 0e *a3(@er 'r1( (r"/"a1a.

P)"%(1(>3" $(reme#a0 0e 4a 0e/a )'a3" ()(;" 3()*r+3* 3(0" )e ($e*('a( 3(r")*"

+$r3() *(me >*( 0e 3()*a)*( "'a1"!"ra. #oremeeni pojedinac neprestano trainove naine na koji bi mogao interpretirati okolinu.Ke11= 0e + 'e4" ) *"m ra4'"( '1a)*"*" )+)*a' dijagnostikih konstrukata $r"

!"0a/(4" $)"%"23"% $(reme#a0a. Je!a *a3a' 3()*r+3* 3(0" m+ )1+?" 4a "*er$re*ac"0+$(reme#a0a 3(0" )e *ra!"c"(a1( a4"'a0+ ma"0a& !e$re)"0a " $ara(0a 0e)* 3()*r+3*dilacije.

D"1ac"0a "1" $r(>"re0e 0e& $rema Ke11=0e'+ )%'a#a0+& $r(m0ea + )+)*a'+3()*r+3a*a 3(0a )e 4;"'a + $)"%($a*(1(/"0".

De$re)"0a 0e $rema Ke11=0+ *a3(@er 0e!( $)"%($a*(1(>3( )*a0e " rea3c"0a a

a3)"(4()*. Oa )e 0a'10a + $(0e!"aca 3(0" 3(0"% !(1a4" !( suavanja perceptivnogpolja. Te ()(;e& a$r"m0er& )'e '">e )ma0+0+ $(10e )'(/ "*ere)a. Ta3a' 0e $ac"0e*e)$()(;a !a !(e)e " a00e!()*a'"0e (!1+3e " ()0e#a )e ($*ere#e )*ra%('"*"m$r(;1em"ma. U *a3'(m )*a0+ ( " !a10e a)*(0" (/ra"2"*" " )+4"*" )'(0e $erce$*"'($(10e& a 3(a2( )+?e0e 0e )am(+;")*'(. Prema *(me& !e$re)"0a $re!)*a'10a$)"%(1(>3" $(reme#a0 + 3(0em $re'1a!a'a )+$r(*a $(1 3()*r+3a*a !"1ac"0e "1"$r(>"re0a& a *( 0e konstrikscija ili suavanje.


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2.. Kell3e" (rist( ter#(iji

Ke11=e' $r")*+$ *era$"0" ;"( 0e *a3a' !a 0e ( ref1e3*"ra( )'(0a '0er('a0a !a )+$)"%(1(>3" $r(;1em" $erce$*+a1e $r"r(!e " !a 0e $()a( *era$e+*a !a $(m(/e 31"0e*+!a a )*'ar" /1e!a !r+/a2"0e. Ke11= 0e (;"2( $(2"0a( *era$"0)3" $r(ce) $")a0em31"0e*('e )am(3ara3*er"4ac"0e& 3(0a 0e Ke11=+ (;e4;0e@"'a1a "f(rmac"0e ( *(me 3a3(31"0e* '"!" )e;e& )'"0e* (3( )e;e " !r+/e 10+!e. Da10e& Ke11= 0e 3re"ra( " +1(/+ 3(0+ #e31"0e* "/ra*" + are!e !'"0e )e!m"ce. Kara3*er +1(/e ;"( 0e + $(*$+()*" !r+/a2"0" (!(e 31"0e*('e )am(3ara3*er"4ac"0e. K1"0e* ;" $()*a0a( /1+mac& a *era$e+* )+$(r*"'"/1+mac. O'a0 $r")*+$ Ke11= 0e a4'a( *era$"0(m +)m0ere(m a +1(/+. Ke11= 0e a"me'0er('a( !a ;" ('a0 $r")*+$ m(/a( $(m(#" 31"0e*+ !a a )'"0e* " ?"'(* /1e!a e>*(!r+/a2"0e.

U +1(4" )+$(r*"'(/ /1+mca& *era$e+* 0e m(/a( $(ma/a*" 31"0e*+ !a )e ()" )*e>3"m m(me*"ma " (!a !a m+ (;e4;"0e!" ")3+)*'a 3a0a 'a1"!"ra0+ 31"0e*('e ('e3a)*r+3*e )")*eme. Prema Ke11=+& 10+!" ) $)"%"23"m $r(;1em"ma "4/+;"1" )+)$()(;()* '0er('a0a " 2"0e0a e3(/ !a '0er+0e& )$()(;()* 3(0+ #e *era$e+*$(m(#" 31"0e*+ !a 0e $(('( !()e/e.


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'. 4AKLJUAK

Ke110e'a *e(r"0a ($")+0e 2('0e3a 3a( 4a)*'e"3a 3(0" 0e e$re3"!( a/a?"ra +$re!'"@a0+ " 3(*r(1"ra0+ !(/a@a0a 3(0" )e 4;"'a0+ + 0e/('(0 (3(1"". Za *( )+ m+e($%(!" )+)*a'" 3()*r+3a*a "1" "*er$re*ac"0e. Na *a0 a2" 0e Ke11=& )1"2( 3a( "Fre+! " !r+/" 31""2ar"& a *eme10+ 31""23e $ra3)e 0er 0e *( ;"( 0e'(/ $()a(B !(>a( !(0e!e opte teorije ovjeka " 1"2()*"& "a3( m+ 0e $r"mar" c"10 ;"( !a )*'(r" 0e!+!")c"$1"+ $()'e#e+ ra4+m0e'a0+ " 1"0e2e0+ $)"%(1(>3"% )me*0" (!()( !a *+31""23+ $ra3)+ $()*a'" a 4a)*'e+ ()('+.

Em$"r"0)3" $(!ac" " 'er"f"3ac"0e Ke11=0e'e *e(r"0e 4;(/ *(/a )+ a0;r(0"0" a$(!r+20+ $a*(1(/"0e $(a>a0a& a m(/( ma0e $r('0era'a" + )'a3(!e'(m ?"'(*+.

I$a3& 3a( >*( )e m(/1( $r"m"0e*"*"& $()*(0e $r('0ere " em$"r"0)3a ")*ra?"'a0a 0e/('"%3(ce$c"0a " a *(m $(r+20+.


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). LITERATURA

. Pr(f. !r. e%('"# M"r%a: L"2()* " $(a>a0e& U"'er4"*e* D?ema1 "0e!"# +M()*ar+& Na)*a'"23" fa3+1*e*& M()*ar& .

. F+1/()"& A.: P)"%(1(/"0a 1"2()*". 3(1)3a 30"/a& Za/re;& 8.

7. G(1ema& D.: Em(c"(a1a "*e1"/ec"0a& M(4a"3 30"/a& Za/re;& 8.

5. Da'"!)(& Nea1e.:P)"%(1(/"0a a;(rma1(/ !(?"'10a'a0a " $(a>a0a& Na31a!aS1a$& Ja)*re;ar)3(& .

6. I*ere*

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