Seminiferous Tubules (human)

Ovary (cat)

Ovum (squirrel)

Primordial Follicle (human)

Secondary Follicle (human)

Addition of Yolk to Oocyte by Follicle Cells

Maturing Secondary Follicle (monkey)

Secondary Ooocyte in Antral Follicle (human)

Oogenesis – formation of polar bodies(rat, human, and mouse, respectively)

Meiosishttp://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/MEIOSIS.mov

(Click on the link to run the animation)

(Close the movie window to return to this presentation)

Frog (Xenopus)Oogenesis

http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/frogoogenesis.mov

Fertilization - Acrosome Reaction and Cortical Reaction

Sea Urchinrhodamine phalloidin staining

of fertilization cone (explosive actin polymerization)

http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Rhphalloidinstainingfertilizationcone.mov

Inositol triphosphate (IP3) is a second messenger released from phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate (PIP) by phospholipase C, and binds to and activates a calcium channel in the endoplasmic reticulum, releasing a wave of Ca++ that spreads across the ovum. Calcium ion stimlates the release of cortical granules to the perivitelline space, which widens as a slow block to polyspermy and deactivates bindin receptors.

Sea UrchinCortical Reaction

phase contrast leftintracellular Ca++ right

http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/mk0780641001.mov

Sea Urchinfusion of egg and sperm pronuclei

http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Fusioneggspermpronuclei.mov

Ascidean Cortical Rotation

frog (Xenopus)

cortical rotation(follows gravitational

rotation)http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/corticalrotation.mov

frog (Xenopus)

gravitational rotation,Cleavage

http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/fert2.mov

Branchiostoma Cleavage and Blastulation

Xenopus Blastulation

frog (Xenopus)

Blastulationhttp://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/xenopus embryo.mov

Branchiostoma Gastrulation

Xenopus Zygote Cytoplasmic Fate Map

Xenopus median section blastulation – bottle cells

Xenopus Vegetal and Median Gastrulation

Frog (Xenopus)Gastrulation,

formation of yolk plug,Neurulation

http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/RKellergastrulation.mov

Xenopus Median and Parasagittal Gastrulation

Frog (Xenopus)Gastrulation – median

optical sectionhttp://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/froggastmedianopticalsection.mov

Keller sandwichCutout (frog)

http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/sandwich_cutout.mov

Keller sandwich explant(chordaneural elongation)

http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Kellersandwichdorsallipexplant.mov

Branchiostoma Neurulation

Xenopus Neurulation