Senior Design Project Final Reportese.wustl.edu/ContentFiles/Research/UndergraduateResearch... · ESE 498 Electrical Engineering Senior Design Final Project Report Plug andPlay Engine

ESE498ElectricalEngineering

SeniorDesignFinalProjectReport

PlugandPlayEngineSoundReplicator

WhitneyFlohrElectric f2009alEngineering,Classo

[email protected]

JasonLinElectrica f2009lEngineering,Classo

[email protected]

ESE498SeniorDesign Page1

TableofContents

Abstract........................................................................................................................2

Introduction..................................................................................................................3

ProjectPriorities...........................................................................................................4

SensingRPM.................................................................................................................5

Criteria.............................................................................................................................5

CarAdapterPlug..............................................................................................................5

ODBIIConnector.............................................................................................................8

Others..............................................................................................................................9

ProcessingRPM..........................................................................................................10

CarAdapterPlug............................................................................................................10

ODBIIConnector...........................................................................................................12

SoundSynthesis..........................................................................................................13

Criteria.......................................................................................................................14

DesignChoices...........................................................................................................14

Memory.....................................................................................................................16

AudioDelivery...........................................................................................................16

EthicalConcerns.........................................................................................................17

FutureConsiderations.................................................................................................19

Conclusion..................................................................................................................19

References..................................................................................................................21


Abstract

Thisprojectwasbroughttothedepartmentbyathirdpartymember,Larry

Heugatter,whonoticedsparkpluginterferencenoiseonhiscarradiothatincreased

whenheaccelerated.Heconceivedadevicewhichwouldusethisnoisetogenerate

enginesoundsofasupercarinsyncwiththecarbeingdriven.

WhilesparkplugnoisewasnotaviableoptionofsensingRPM,twoalternate

methodswerefound.Thefirstwasalternatornoiseonthecaradapterplug,ananalog

signalthatcanbeprocessedintoadigitalsignal.ThesecondwastheOBDIIplug,

availableinmostcars,thatcommunicatesonadigitalserialprotocol.

Experimentationwithsoundfilesproducedagroundworkfordetermininghow

manyfilesofwhatsizearenecessarytoproduceacleanandrealisticsound,aswellas

anideaofthememoryandprocessingpowerthatwouldberequired.

Inthefuture,theindividualcomponentswillneedtobeintegratedintoasystem

thatdoesnotrequirealaptoptoprocess.Otherissuestoexplorearemakingthesystem

wirelesstoavoidwiretangles,legalissueswithusingenginesounds,andthequestionof

distraction.


Introduction

Themotivationbehindourprojectwasthatmanypeoplewishtodrivefastcars

likeFerrarisandLamborghinis,duetotheirstunninglooks,incrediblespeed,and

harmonioussound.Currentlythereareoptionsonthemarketforpeopletomodifytheir

everydaycars,includingtheuseofexpensivebodykits,engineupgrades,orexhaust

replacementsforthosewhocantaffordsuchvehicles.

However,suchmodificationsrequiretime,money,andautomotiveexperience.

WiththeinspirationfromLarryHeugatter,ourprojectbeganasanideatobringthe

glorioussoundofsixfiguresupercarstoeverydaypeoplewithcommoncars,without

theautomotiveexperienceorintensemodifications.Ourgoalwastofindaquick,easy,

andinexpensivewaytogiveamundanecarthesoundofafirebreathingsupercar.

Inundertakingthisproject,therewerethreemajortaskstoaccomplish.First,we

neededtofindawaytomonitoracarsRPMandthenconverttheanalogoutputintoa

digitalsignalforprocessing.Secondgivenasignaltoprocess,therewasthetaskof

matchingtheRPMsoundsofadifferencecartocreatethesoundeffectofdrivingahigh

performancecar.Lastly,whenthesetwotechnicaltaskswerecompletedtherewould

beanactualdevicethatconnectstothecar,receivespower,andemitssoundeither

throughaspeakerorthroughthevehiclesbuiltinaudiosystem.


ProjectPriorities

Theprojectcanbedividedintoseveraltasks.Wedecidedtofocusourworkon

theindividualcomponentsattheexpenseofworkingtocombinethemintoa

functioningprototypedevice.Wefeltusingcomputerstohandleprocessingand

communicationratherthandedicatedhardwarewouldmaketheprojectmore

manageableinthetimeallotted.

Thefirststepwasdeterminingthecurrentstateofthecarsengine,sothat

enginesoundscouldbematchedtoit.Becausenoiseexperiencedbythedriverismost

closelycorrelatedwiththerateoftheenginefiring,orrevolutionsperminute(RPM),we

soughttodetecttheRPMinawaythatwouldfulfilltheprojectcriteria.Thisportionof

theprojectrequiredthemajorityofourresearchandexperimentation,andwas

thereforeatoppriorityoftheproject.

SecondwasprocessingtheRPMreadingintoausefulsignal.Testedmethodsfor

sensingRPMwouldyieldeitherdigitalandanalogsignals.Inthecaseofdigitalsignals,

processinginvolvesawelldocumentedcommunicationprotocol.Inthecaseofanalog

signals,conventionalfilteringandconvertingcomponentsareavailableasdiscrete

components.Asshown,processingcanbedoneinastraightforwardmannerandwas

thereforenotgivenasmuchpriorityassensing.

Lastlywastheproblemofsynthesizingsoundstocorrelatewiththeprocessed

signal.Thisinvolvesasystemtoselectasoundfiletoplaybasedontheinputsignaland

adeliverysystemfortheaudio.Becauseoftheaforementioneddeemphasison

interfacingcomponents,mostofthisworkfocusedondetermininghowtoefficiently


achievegoodsound,determiningtheminimumresolutionofsoundfilesandfocusingon

adeliverysystem.

SensingRPM

Criteria

Thedesignforsensingthecarsrpmconformstothefollowingstandards:

Thedesignshouldbenearlyuniversal.Thesensingmethod/hardware

shouldbecompatiblewithasmanyvehiclesaspossible,eithercorrecting

fordifferencesbetweendifferentmodelsandmakes,orrelyingonlyon

componentsandcharacteristicsthatarenearlyuniversal.

ThedesignshouldbePlugandPlay.Thesensinghardwareshouldbe

installedeasilywithfew,orideallyno,tools.Removalshouldbesimilarly

easy.Theinstallationshouldnotinvolveopeninganypanelsorgetting

underthehood:anypartsshouldbeconfinedtothecarsinterior.

Installationandoperationshouldnotrequireextensiveautomotive

knowledge.

CarAdapterPlug

Thecaradaptorplug,orcigarettelighterplug,isoneofthetwoviablemethods

forremotelysensingthevehiclesRPM.Theplugisoftenusedasa12VDCpowersupply

forsmalldevices(phones,PDAs,etc.).Sincethebatteryisconnecteddothealternator

forcharging,itexperiencesnoisefromthealternatorsrectifiercircuitwhentheengine

isrunning.


MeasuringRPMthroughthenoisefromthealternatorthroughthecaradapter

plugmeetsthecriteriaestablishedintheprevioussection.Whileautomotiveelectrical

systemshavebecomemoreadvancedandbetteratfilteringnoise,itisneverentirely

erased,andusuallycorrelateswithfilteringfromthecord/deviceend.Therefore,we

believealternatornoisehasthepotentialtobemeasuredformmostcars.Furthermore,

acaradapterplugiseasytoinstallanduninstall,requiringnomoreautomotive

knowledgethaninstallinganduninstallingacarchargerforacellphone.

FourieranalysisoftheadaptorplugsignalatdifferentengineRPMisshownin

Figure1,Figure2,andFigure3withthefrequencyofinteresthighlighted.

Figure1:FastFourierAnalysisofPlugSignalatApproximately1000RPM

1.48 kHz




AsidefromtheDCcomponent,thereisastrongcomponentthatmovesfrom

950Hzatidle(approximately500RPM)to3.18kHzat2000RPM.Thefrequencyofthis

componentcorrelateslinearlytoRPMovertherangetested,where:

RPM=0.64*frequency

3.18 kHz

2.27 kHz


OBDIIConnector

TheOBDII(OnBoardDiagnosisConnector)isastandardizedconnector,shown

inFigure4,requiredonvehiclessoldinAmericaforallmodelsafter1996.Thesystem

canbothstoredata,andproviderealtimereadoutsforvariousengineinformation

suchasenginetemperature,speed,errorcodes,andRPM.Severaldifferentstandards

existfortheOBDII,outlinedinTable1.Modelyears2009andlaterwillallusetheCAN

standard.

Figure4:PinLayoutofOBDIIConnector

Pin Usage on OBD-II Port by Standard

Standard Usage Pins used Pulse Width Modulation Ford 2,4,10,16

Variable Pulse width Chevy 2,4,16 ISO 9141-2 European and Asian

Models 4,7,15,16

KWP200 4,7,15,16 CAN Mandatory Standard

for 2009 and beyond4,6,14,16

Table1:PinusageandmanufacturersbyOBDIIstandards

Thoughmanystandardsareused,therearepartsavailablethatconvertthe

signalintoaserialbinaryinRS232standard.SpecificallyELMelectronicsproducesa

chipthatautomaticallysensesthestandardbeingusedbasedonpinactivity.Usingthis

methodwouldresultinaprocessedbinarysignal.


TheOBDIIstandard,alsomeetsthesensingcriteria.EngineRPMmeasurement

isuniformlysupportedacrossallOBDIIplatformsandwiththesupportofachiplikethe

ELM327,RPMcanbereadoutofcarsmadesince1996.TheOBDIIportinacaris

locatedinthecab,typicallyunderthesteeringcolumn.Whiletheportslocationisnot

commonknowledgeitiseasilyaccessibleandrequireslittleautomotiveknowledge

Others

Severalmethodsofsensingfailedtomeetthepreviouslystatedcriteria.Atthe

onsetoftheproject,wesoughttomeasurevehicleRPMbymeasuringtheradionoise

generatedbysparkplugfiring.Thismethoddidnotmeettheuniversalityrequirement.

Sparkplugmanufacturershaveworkedtodecreasethisnoise.Lownoisesparkplugs,

previouslyfoundmainlyinareaswhereradiowascritical,forexamplenauticalengines,

arenowfoundinalargenumberofautomobilesaswell.Thereisnowayofknowingif

thismethodwillworkwithagivencar,withoutknowingwhetherornotauserhasalow

noisesparkplug.

Directlysensingthecurrentacrossthesparkplugwouldmostaccurately

determinevehicleRPM,butwouldrequiretheusertohaveautomotiveknowledgeand

theabilitytoinstalldevicesdirectlytotheengine.Thesameissueariseswith

conventionaltachometersetups,whichinvolvecountingflywheelpasses.Requiringthe

usertoworkintheenginearealimitsthenumberofpeoplewhocoulduseourdevice,

duetoinsufficientautomotiveexperience.


ProcessingRPM

CarAdapterPlug

Thesignalfromtheadapterplugshowsperiodicnoiseataboutthe14VDC

point.Figure5,Figure6andFigure7showthatthenoisefrequencyincreasesasthe

RPMincreases.Thesignalalsohashighfrequencynoiseandtransientsthatneedtobe

processedout.

Figure5:UnprocessedAdapterPlugSignalat500RPM(engineidle)


Figure6:UnprocessedAdapterPlugSignalat1500RP

Figure7:UnprocessedAdapterPlugSignalat2000RPM

ThesignalprocessingisoutlinedinFigure8.First,the14VoltDCcomponentis

subtractedaway.Thehighfrequencynoise,inthiscase,anythingabout8kHzshouldbe

filteredoutwithalowpassfilter.Additionally,abandpassfilterthenamplifiesthe

usefulrangeoffrequencies,inthiscase500Hzto4kHz.Afrequencytovoltage


converterthenprocessesthesignalofvaryingfrequenciesintoaanalogvoltage.The

voltagecanthenbeconvertedintoadigitalvaluewithanA/Dconverter.

Figure8:BlockDiagramofAdapterPlugProcessing

OBDIIConnector

ElmElectronicsprovidessoftwaretointerfacebetweentheELM327anda

computer,butinordertofacilitateaneventualmovetoadedicatedhardwaresystem;

wesoughtamoredirectcommunicationapproach.Wewereabletoestablishahyper

terminalconnectionthroughaserialportwiththefollowingsettings:38400baud,8

databits,noparity,xon/xoffflowcontrol.Thecommunicationprotocolforboththe

sendandreceivesideisgiveninTable2.

LowpassFilter

ff k

Subtract14VDC

FreqtoVoltConverterExLM331;LM2917

BandPassFilter.84kHz

A/Dconverter

AdapterPlugSignal


Terminal End to OBD-II Port Byte # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Carried

#of add. bytes

Mode PID n/u n/u n/u n/u n/u

Value 2 01 0c x x x x x OBD-II Port to Terminal Byte # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Carried

#of add. bytes

Mode PID A formula

B formula

n/u n/u n/u

Value 3 41 0c variable variable x x x Table2:SerialCommunicationProtocolBetweenOBDIIandTerminal

Forexample,sendingthestring0x010cspecifiesthefetchcurrentmode(0x01)

andtheparameter identificationnumber (PID) forRPM (0x0c).Thereturnvalue isa4

digithexnumber.BecausetheresolutionoftheOBDmeasurement isof .25RPM,the

returnvaluecorrespondstofourtimestheinstantaneousRPM.Areturnvalueof0x1770

correspondstothedecimalvalue6000andanRPMof1500.

SoundSynthesis

AssumingthereisadigitalsignalprovidedthatgivestheRPMreadoutofacar;

thereisthetaskofcreatinganewsoundtooverlapthecurrentsoundofthecar.We

hadtofindaudioclipsofenginesoundstoothercars.However,inordertoprovidea

realisticexperiencethesoundneededtobeafullrangesound,meaningthatthesound

mustencompassthecarsstartup,upshifts,anddownshifts.

Afterwefoundacarenginesound,weseparatedthesoundintoeachgearand

eachRPMsothatregardlesswhatRPMisreadin;therewasacorrespondingsoundto


match.Topreventthesoundfrombeingchoppywhenthecarisaccelerating,theright

numberofaudioclipshadtobetaken.Whenallthiscametogether,thesynchronization

ofthenewcarenginesoundwiththeRPMinputsignalwouldcreateanewdriving

experience.

Criteria:

Thesoundsynthesisoftheprojecthadseveralcriteriabecausereproducingthe

harmonioussoundofasupercarwastheentirebasisofourproject.Thegreatest

challengewithsoundsynthesiswasproducingsmoothandcontinuoussound.Testing

hadtobedonetofindtherightnumberofsoundclipssothatallRPMcouldbe

synchronized,whilecreatingasmoothanduninterruptedsound.Secondly,therecould

notbealargenumberofsoundclipsotherwiseitwouldtaketoomuchmemorytostore

aswellasprocessingpowertosynchronize.

DesignChoices

DuetoissueswithconsistencyandstabilitywechosetopursueusingtheODBII

connectorforreadingoutRPM.Thecigarettelighterdidprovideuseableresults,

howevermoderncarsaimtofilteroutthenoiseinwhichweneededfortheproject.

Therefore,dependingonthemodelofthecar,thecarswiring,aswellasthebattery

connections,resultswouldvary.ForthesereasonstheOBDIIconnectorwasthe

preferredmethodofreadingoutRPMvalues.


TheOBDIIconnectorwascapableofreadingoutRPMvaluesashexvalues

whichinturnwereusedincorrectionwithseveralsoundfilestopiecetogetherthe

soundofahighperformanceengine.Ourresearchtrialsshowedthatsynthesizingthe

soundsofavehiclesaccelerationwasmarkedlymoredifficultthanforasteadyspeed.

Whenavehicleacceleratestherearemanysoundvariationswithineachgear.Alsothe

soundofaccelerationindifferentgearsdiffersaswell.Whenthecarisidlinginasteady

statehowever,onlyoneortwosoundfilesarenecessarytoreplicatethesound.

Duringaccelerationsthroughthegears,severalsoundclipsneededtobepieced

togethertoreproduceanaccurateandclearsound.Itwasfoundthatapproximately12

soundclipswerenecessarytoreproduceacleansound.The12audioclipsweretakenat

every500RPMintervals.12clipswerenecessarybecauseingeneralcarsidleatabout

0.51.0kRPM,andusuallyhaveredlinelimitsatapproximately7kRPM.Therefore,

beginningat1kRPMandtakingsoundsclipsateveryhalfintervalprovidedaclean

soundthroughouttheaccelerationofanygivengear.Ifthesoundweresplitinto24

clipsthesoundwouldbeslightlybetter,butnotsignificantenoughtowarranttheextra

complicationsassociatedwithadditionalaudiofiles.

SoundfilesweretakenfromBMWbecausetheirwebsiteprovidedafullrangeof

soundforseveraloftheirvehicles.Usingthesoundclipsprovided

fromwww.bmwusa.comweusedaudioeditingsoftwarecalledAudacity.Audacity

allowedustotrimthesoundfilesintoindividualgearsandRPM.

http://www.bmwusa.com/


Memory

The12soundfilesamountedtoapproximately400kbofmemory,therefore

thereshouldbenoproblemsstoringtheaudiofilesinapracticalapplication.Ourdevice

wouldneedaflashmemorymodulebuiltinwithnomorethan1GBofmemorytobe

abletostoreseveralaudioclipsfromvariousvehicles.Giventhelowcostofflash

memorychips,especiallyonesthatareonly1GBincapacity,memorycostsshouldnot

beanissue.

AudioOutput

Deliveringtheaudioclipstothecarwouldbeaccomplishedviaseveralmethods.

ForourdesignweexaminedseveralpossibilitiesincludingusinganFMtuner,linein

auxiliarycable,orhaveabuiltinspeaker.Whileabuiltinspeakerwouldprobablybethe

simplestapplicationfortheuser,itwouldnotprovidethebestauditoryexperience.For

ourfinaldesignweagreeduponusingaFMtunerbecausethevastmajorityofvehicles

ontheroadtodayhaveatleastanAM/FMradio.However,notallcarsontheroad

todayhaveanauxiliaryinputportbuiltin.ThedownsidetousinganFMtuneristhatthe

soundqualityisonlyaverageanditrequiresanadditionalsetupstepforusers.

However,anFMtunerwouldprovidethebestbalancebetweensoundqualityand

universalityamongcars.


EthicalandSafetyConcerns

Engineersarealwaysfacedwithethicaldecisionsandconcernswheneverthey

designorbuildsomethingthatismeanttoaffectnumbersofpeople.Ourplugandplay

enginesoundreplicatorisnoexceptioninthatthereareseveralethicaldecisionsand

concerns.

Thefirstethnicalconcernrelatedtoourprojectisourcarenginesoundsfrom

severaldifferentmanufacturers.Forthepurposeofthisproject,IdownloadedBMW

soundfilesfromtheirwebsitewithoutseekingextensivelegalconsent.BMWmayhave

noissueseitherwithouruseofthesoundfilesforresearchpurposes.However,oncea

productisdevelopedandintendedforsale,therecouldbelegallicensingandtrademark

issuesinvolved.Acarsenginesoundisjustasuniqueasitsbodystyleandperformance,

thereforeproperlicensingwouldneedtobesoughtoutinorderforustousedifferent

carenginesoundsinourfinalproduct.

Legalconcernsareonesideofethicalconcernsrelatedtoourdesignproject;

howevertherearesafetyconcernsaswell.TheOBDIIconnectorportonacarisa

diagnosisportwiththeabilitytomonitorandeditmanycarvaluesandfunctions.

Improperuseoruntrainedindividualscouldcreateproblemswiththeelectricalsystems

inacarsuchas:airbagdeployment,enginesoftware,brakingsystems,andcruise

controlsystems.Ourdevicewouldneedtobedesignedtopreventusersfrombeing

abletoaccessorchangevehiclevaluesbothintentionallyandunintentionallyfortheir

ownsafety.


AfurtherconcernwiththeOBDIIconnectionisthatitisadiagnosisport,and

notastandardinput/outputportdesignedforextensiveuse.Ourdevicewouldput

tremendousstrainonaportthatwasdesignedprimarilytotakediagnosticreadouts.

Whilethishasnotyetbeenproventobeasafetyissueintermsofreliability,itisstilla

factorthatmustbetakenintoconsideration.

Onthesafetyside,theOBDIIportususuallylocatedonthesteeringcolumn

wherethedriverslegsmaybecomeentangledwiththecord,aswasexperiencedduring

experimentation.Forthissystemtobesafe,wewouldhavetodeviseawayofsecuring

thecordawayfromthedriversfeet.

Onefinalethicalconcernthatmustbetakenintoconsiderationisthefactthat

producinganytypeofaudiosoundwhetheritismusicorenginessounds;willdistract

driversinsomeformoranother.Therearegroupswhoargueagainsttheuseofcell

phonesandlisteningtomusicincarsbecausetheyposeadegreeofdanger.Creating

enginesoundsofperformancevehiclesmayenrichonesdrivingpleasure;howeverit

canalsobeseenasadangerousdistraction.


FutureConsiderations

Inthefuture,thereareseveralwaysthisprojectcouldbeexpandedupon.There

areareasofsimplicitythatcouldbefurtherdeveloped.Currentlyourmodelrequires

somesortofportablelaptoptoreadinRPMvaluesaswellassynchnoizesoundfiles.

Needingacomputerinthecarisnotverypracticalandinthefuturewecouldimprove

upontheprojectbyintegratingsomeformofprocessingunitintothedevice.

UsingtheOBDIIconnectortoreadoutRPMvaluesrequiresacabletobe

runningfromunderneaththesteeringcolumnacrossthecar.Alsothedevicerequiresto

bepluggedintothecigarettelighterforpower.Inthefuture,wecouldexploretheuse

ofwirelesstechnologytoremovetheOBDIIcablerunningacrossthevehicle.Also,

researchcouldbedoneinimplementingabatteryinourdevicethatwayitwouldnot

needtobepluggedin.Becauseourprojectisstillinitspreliminarydesignstages,many

finedetailshadtobeoverlooked.Inthefuturewewouldworktoaddressallthetiny

detailsandimprovetheeaseofuseforthecustomer.

Conclusions

Ourgoalwiththisprojectwastocreateaproducttobringsupercarengine

soundstoeverydaycars.UsinganOBDIIconnectorandproperlyeditedsoundfiles,

peoplecanexperiencedrivingasupercarforafractionofthecost.Themaincostsof

ourdesignwouldbetheOBDIIcable,aprocessingchip,andmemoryforthesound

files.Despitethesecosts,theywouldnotamounttoasmuchtimeandmoneythat


wouldberequiredtomechanicallyreplaceonesengineexhaustatanautomobilerepair

shop.

Therearestilllegalandethicalissueswhichneedtobeaddressed,howevereven

withthesesetbacksthereisagreatpotentialinourproductbeingsuccessful.Froman

engineeringperspective,wewereabletogetourmodelworkingsmoothlyand

consistently.Givenagreateramountoftimetofinetuneandperfectourmodel,it

wouldnotbedifficulttoproduceaproductthatwouldbeeasytouseandrelatively

inexpensive.


ReferencesAudacity

http://audacity.sourceforge.net/ OpensourcesoftwareforrecordingandeditingsoundsBMWofNorthAmerica

http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/explore/bmw_magazine/2005/bmw_sounds/sounds.htmlWhethersmoothlyidlingoracceleratingtotopspeed:everyBMWenginehasitsownsignaturesound,andthissiteprovidedthesoundfilesusedforourproject

ElmElectronics.ELM327UserGuideandSpecifications

www.elmelectronics.comThecableweusedhadtheELM327chipinstalled,andthespecificationforthechipwasincludedinthesoftwarebundle.ThiswasusedtosetupaHyperTerminalconnectiontotheOBDIIportandfortounderstandcommunicationwiththeOBDIIport

OBDCodes.com.http://www.obdcodes.com/ThissitewasusedtolearnthequerycodeforRPMandtounderstandthereply.Italsogavereferenceforthedifferentstandardsandthe

http://audacity.sourceforge.net/http://audacity.sourceforge.net/http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/explore/bmw_magazine/2005/bmw_sounds/sounds.htmlhttp://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/explore/bmw_magazine/2005/bmw_sounds/sounds.htmlhttp://www.elmelectronics.com/http://www.obd-codes.com/

Project PrioritiesSensing RPMCriteriaCar Adapter PlugOBD-II ConnectorOthers

Processing RPMCar Adapter PlugOBD-II Connector

Future Considerations In the future, there are several ways this project could be expanded upon. There are areas of simplicity that could be further developed. Currently our model requires some sort of portable laptop to read in RPM values as well as synchnoize sound files. Needing a computer in the car is not very practical and in the future we could improve upon the project by integrating some form of processing unit into the device.

Documents

Senior Design Project Final Reportese.wustl.edu/ContentFiles/Research/UndergraduateResearch... · ESE 498 Electrical Engineering Senior Design Final Project Report Plug andPlay Engine