권태완Senior Sales ConsultantOracle Corporation

Oracle9i Real Application Clusters

Agenda

클러스터란?

확장성을위한클러스터

데이타베이스클러스터성능

안정성을위한클러스터

클러스터방식비교

클러스터란?

단일시스템과같이동작하는시스템군

요구사항– 하드웨어 (interconnect) – 소프트웨어 (clusterware)전통적인사용법

– 가용성

– 읽기전용애플리케이션

“Oracle9i Real Application Clusters computing is a breakthrough technology.

The ability to dramatically scale an application without modification is an

invaluable new proposition.”

– Carl Olofson, IDC 2001

Real Application Clusters Architecture

클러스터데이타베이스서버

고속스위치또는인터컨넥터

Network

Low Latency InterconnectVIA or Proprietary

사용자

No SinglePoint Of Failure

중앙집중관리콘솔

Hub 또는Switch Fabric

Storage Area Network

Drive and Exploit Industry Advances in Clustering

미러링공유디스크어레이

Oracle9i데이타베이스클러스터

모든애플리케이션수행

초기진입비용이낮고, 손쉬운점진적인확장높은확장성및가용성

시스템확장시다운타임이불필요

데이타와메모리의공유

공유메모리

모든애플리케이션수행

Out-of-the-Box Transparent Application Scalability과거의클러스터데이타베이스들은특정한형태의애플리케이션에대해서만확장성이용이

– Data Warehouse– Parallel-enabled OLTP

Full Cache Fusion 기능을가진오라클 Real Application Clusters는모든형태의애플리케이션에대해투명한확장성을보장하는최상의병렬데이타베이스기술

Full Cache Fusion

DatabaseDatabase

Node A

Databasebuffers

Node B

Databasebuffers

RequestRequestData TransferData Transfer

Oracle9i Cache Fusion에의한성능향상과확장성증대

– 고속의 Interconnect 를통해 Disk를거치지않고직접전송– Disk I/O의최소화– 향상된 IPC 사용

캐쉬 퓨전(Cache Fusion)인스턴스 간의 블록 요청을 관리

Instance B의버퍼캐쉬에있는블록을 instance A가읽기나쓰기로접근

모든형태의접근과블록 contention

Global Cache Service (GCS)에의한관리

ReadReadRead

Requestfor BlockCache A

RequestRequestfor Blockfor BlockCache ACache A

ReadReadReadWriteWriteWrite

WriteWriteWrite

Lock StatusLock StatusBlock inBlock inCache BCache B

ReadReadReadReadReadReadWriteWriteWriteWriteWriteWrite

Cache Fusion 성능향상

20 20 msecmsec

.01 .01 msecmsec

100 100 msecmsec

Block in Block in Local CacheLocal Cache

Block in RemoteBlock in RemoteCacheCache

Block onBlock onDiskDisk

1 1 msecmsec

No Cache FusionNo Cache Fusion

Cache FusionCache Fusion

Pay and Scale Incrementally

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24Months

100%

200%

300%W

o

r

k

l

o

d

Sing

le S

erve

rSR

V 1

SRV

2

SRV

1SR

V 2

SRV

3

SRV

1SR

V 2

SRV

3SR

V 4

Lower TCO with Clusters

$0.92 $0.93

$3.61$4.67

$0.75

$0.86

$0.42$0.58

$-

$1.0

$2.0

$3.0

$4.0

$5.0

$6.0

$7.0

$8.0

Cost

in $

M

Cost of Capital

Consulting &SupportHuman CapitalCostsCapital Expenditures

Intelcluster

Singleserver

Linux TCO is 23.3% less than Single Server

Customer Success

CERN save by standardizing onLinux and Real Application Clusters

World Record TPC-C on Windows

0

40000

80000

120000

160000

Oracle IBM DB2 MS SQL Server

$18.46$18.46tpmCtpmC

Won’t Say

8 node, 32 Processor Clustered Benchmark

$18.97$18.97tpmCtpmC

Source: Transaction Processing Council: HP ProLiant DL580R, 137,260.89 tpmC, $18.46/tpmC . Available 6/4/02 IBM eServer xSeries370 with 32 Intel Pentium III 900 MHz processors, 121,319.23 tpmC, $18.97/tpmC, available 5/31/01.

World Record TPC-C on Linux

0

40000

80000

120000

160000

Oracle IBM DB2 MS SQL Server

$17.21$17.21tpmCtpmC

8 node, 32 Processor Clustered Benchmark

Won’t Say Can’t Say

Source: Transaction Processing Council : As of 9/16/2002: HP ProLiant DL580R, with 32 Intel Pentium III 900 MHz processors, Oracle9i Database Release 2 with Real Application Clusters on Red Hat Linux Advanced Server, 138,362.025, $17.21/tpmC, available 03/05/03

E-Business Suite 11i Scalability

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

1,2881,288

1 Node

2,2962,296

2 Nodes 4 Nodes 5 Nodes 6 Nodes

4,3684,368

5,4335,433

6,4966,496

# U

sers

SAP SD Standard Benchmark

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

3,6403,640

1 Node 2 Nodes 4 Nodes

6,5806,580

12,00012,000

# U

sers

SAP Standard 4.6 C Application Benchmark; Certification # 2002029, 2002030 & 2002031; June 3, 2002

“Using Real Application Clusters, people are able to accomplish the kind of scaleability

that they used to have to resort to high-end SMP systems for, using inexpensive

commodity servers on Intel processors.”

– Carl Olofson, IDC 2002

High Availability

고가용성을위해클러스터상의추가적인시스템사용

전통적인 Failover 솔루션들의한계를극복하는기능을제공:

– Concurrent processing– Load balancing– Fast time to recovery

Server Availability Challenge

Server 1Instance ‘A’

Database‘A’

Server is a SINGLE point of failure

Clusters without RAC

Server 2Server 1Instance ‘A’

Database‘A’

Removes Server as SINGLE point of failure

Clusters with ‘cold’ Failover

Server 2Instance ‘A’

Server 1

Database‘A’

Restart single instance on Server 2

Real Application Clusters

Protect from SERVER failures

Server 1Instance ‘A’

Server 2Instance ‘A’

Database‘A’

SERVER failure - your database remains available

‘RAC’ vs ‘Cold’ Failover?

Failover Operation ‘RAC’ ‘Cold’

Restart OracleRecover Oracle

Warm Buffer CacheTotal Failover Time

Failover Disk VolumesReconfigure Distributed Locks

Reconfigure Group Membership

0 sec20 sec0 sec

< 60 sec

0 sec5 sec

15 sec

Up to 5 min20 sec

10 + min> 35 min

Up to 20 min0 sec0 sec

Even Lower TCO with Clusters

$0.92 $1.99

$3.61

$4.67

$1.65

$2.34

$0.58

$1.31

$0.42

$-

$2.0

$4.0

$6.0

$8.0

$10.0

$12.0

$14.0

Cost

in $

M

Cost of CapitalDowntime CostsConsulting & SupportHuman Capital CostsCapital Expenditures

Intelcluster

Singleserver

Linux is 53.6% less than Single Server

Customer Success

Vector SCM save costs & deliver 24 X 7 reliability with

Oracle9i Real Application Clusters

Clustering Types

Shared diskRuns real applications

– 메인프레임에서의 DB2– Shard Cache Fusion을지원하는 Oracle 9i RAC

Shared nothingOnly runs benchmarks

– Microsoft SQLServer– DB2 UNIX & windows

분산데이타베이스형태

의사결정시스템에국한

– No SAP, Siebel, Peoplesoft

A-F G-L M-R S-Z T-ZA-Z A-E F-K L-P Q-S T-Z

Shared Nothing Databases

Maintenance problemsAvailability problemsPerformance problems

DataDataAA--EE

DataDataFF--KK

DataDataLL--SS

DataDataTT--ZZ

시스템추가시절차:Shared Nothing Databases

Need code change

Shared Nothing DatabasesShared Nothing Databases

1. 모든사용자로그아웃

2. 모든데이타베이스종료3. 모든데이타베이스의데이타추출4. 신규추가시스템에의한데이타제구성5. 사용자애플리케이션재작성6. 모든데이타다시저장

7. 모든데이타베이스기동

8. 모든사용자재접속

1. 1. 모든모든 사용자사용자 로그로그 아웃아웃

2. 2. 모든모든 데이타베이스데이타베이스 종료종료

3. 3. 모든모든 데이타베이스의데이타베이스의 데이타데이타 추출추출

4. 4. 신규신규 추가추가 시스템에시스템에 의한의한 데이타데이타 제구성제구성

5. 5. 사용자사용자 애플리케이션애플리케이션 재재 작성작성

6. 6. 모든모든 데이타데이타 다시다시 저장저장

7. 7. 모든모든 데이타베이스데이타베이스 기동기동

8. 8. 모든모든 사용자사용자 재재 접속접속

오로지연구용이나

벤치마크용

Shared Cache Databases

Availability AND scalabilityNo code changes necessaryMaintained like a single database

DataDataAA--ZZ

시스템추가시절차:Shared Cache Databases

Shared Cache DatabasesShared Cache Databases

1. 신규노드추가

2. 추가한노드 Start instance

1. 1. 신규신규 노드노드 추가추가

2. 2. 추가한추가한 노드노드 Start instanceStart instance

No code change

What about the Competition?

IBMDB2

MicrosoftSS2000Clustered Feature Oracle9i

Support for ALL ApplicationsMultiple Platform Support

Availability AND ScalabilitySingle System Cluster Management

Add Nodes without Downtime

Automatic User Re-ConnectionTransparent Application Failover

Sub-Minute System Failover

YesYesYesYesYes

YesYesYes

No NoLimited No

No NoNo YesNo No

No NoNo NoNo No

Final Thought

“Those running Oracle, Dell, and Red Hat Linux have a price/performance advantage.

Users can buy 4 four-way Dell servers running Oracle and Linux with exceptional

performance for less than a 12 or 16-way proprietary SMP system at a hefty savings .”

– Aberdeen Group, 2002

For More Information

Product InformationWhite PapersiSeminarsCustomer References

http://www.oracle.com/ip/rac_home.html