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• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
Catfish Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
FatTissue
Muscle
Alarm Substance
Epithelial Cell
Goblet Cell
Fat Cell
Collagen Fibers
Muscle
Catfish Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
AlarmSubstanceCell
TasteBud
Catfish Skin
TasteBud
AlarmSubstanceCell
GobletCell
Scaly Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
FatTissue
Muscle
Epithelial Cell
Goblet Cell
Fat Cell
Collagen Fibers
Muscle
Scale
Skin with Scales
Muscle
Fat
Dermis
Epidermis
ScaleGoblet Cell
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
• Disease resistance– Gooey glycoproteins
• Stream from skin• Hard for pathogens to attach
– Lysozyme: Dissolves bacterial cell walls– Histones: Antibacterial– Antibodies: Block specific pathogens
Mucus
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
• Disease resistance– Gooey glycoproteins
• Stream from skin• Hard for pathogens to attach
– Lysozyme: Dissolves bacterial cell walls– Histones: Antibacterial– Antibodies: Block specific pathogens
• Defense– Nemo!– Hagfish - goo– Trunkfish
Mucus
Clownfish
Hagfish
Ostrcitoxin: A choline chloride ester of palmitic acid. The toxin has a minimum lethal concentration of 2 ppm and an LC50 of 3.5 ppm using mosquito fish as the test organism.
• Disease resistance– Gooey glycoproteins
• Stream from skin• Hard for pathogens to attach
– Lysozyme: Dissolves bacterial cell walls– Histones: Antibacterial– Antibodies: Block specific pathogens
• Defense– Nemo!– Hagfish– Toxins*
• Baby food
Mucus
• Disease resistance– Gooey glycoproteins
• Stream from skin• Hard for pathogens to attach
– Lysozyme: Dissolves bacterial cell walls– Histones: Antibacterial– Antibodies: Block specific pathogens
• Defense– Nemo!– Hagfish– Trunkfish
• Baby food• Communication
Mucus
Alarm Substance CellsTop view of catfish epidermis
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
Cycloid Scale
Ctenoid Scale
Ganoid ScalesOne scale: Dark green is the hard external part of the scale. Light green is under the skin
Ganoid scales on gar skin
Placoid ScalesPlacoid Scales
Epidermis
Dermis
EnamelDentine
Pulp
Placoid ScalesOne placoid scale: Dark green is the external part.
Internal anatomy of a placoid scale.
Real Armor
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
Poison Glands at Fin Base
E. Velvetfish spine F. Scorpionfish spine
H. Stonefish spine with glands I. Toadfish opercular spine
What is the most common venomous fish in
Arkansas?
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
FW Fish
Water In
Salt Out
Ocean Fish
Water Out
Salt In
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
• Actual Pigments– Xanthophores – Yellow– Erythrophores – Red– Cyanophores -Blue– Melanophores – Brown & Black– Leucophores – White (purines)
• Actual Pigments– Xanthophores – Yellow– Erythrophores – Red– Cyanophores -Blue– Melanophores – Brown & Black– Leucophores – White (purines)
Cells that carry pigments
XanthophoresXanthophores
XanthophoresXanthophores
ErythrophoresErythrophores
CyanophoresCyanophores
Bass Melanophores
Melanosomes dispersed inmelanocyte. The fish hasdark color.
The melanosomes are aggregated. The fish looks light.
Leukophores: Granualar gunaidine
• Iridophores – iridescent, mirror (guanine)
• “Schemochromes”
• Iridophores – iridescent, mirror (guanine)
• “Schemochromes”
Mirror
Iridophores - Mirror
IridophoresReflection
Iridophores - Iridescence
Iridophores-Iridescence
Flatfish
“Schemachromes”
Ornate Pipefish
Tasselled Wobbegong
• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line
• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light
Fancy Tricks with Shadows and Light
Countershading
T
B
TB
FromAbove
FromBelow
Countershading in Synodontis
Countershading Synodontis
Photophores = Light Production
• 15% of all marine fish genera• Signaling, camo, hunting• 2 kinds: bacterial and fish
Linophryne; the only fish with both kinds
Photophores = Light Production
• 15% of all marine fish genera• Signaling, camo, hunting• 2 kinds: bacterial and fish
Linophryne; the only fish with both kinds
Communication with Photophores Lit by Bacteria
Flashlight fish: Shutters for blinking (communication). Also for hunting copepods
Photophores = Light Production
• 15% of all marine fish genera• Signaling, camo, hunting• 2 kinds: bacterial and fish
Linophryne; the only fish with both kinds
T
B
T
B
T
B
TB
Why is there a photophore here?
Hatchet Fish Photophores make their own light using fish biochemistry, not phosphorescent bacteria.
Photophores: Fish Light
Hatchetfish: Upper photophore shines in eye, used to match brightness with ambient light
Photophores: Bacterial
Opistoproctus: Peri-anal light sack and light guide
Photophores = Light Production
• 15% of all marine fish genera• Signaling, camo, hunting• 2 kinds: bacterial and fish
Linophryne; the only fish with both kinds
Yellow lenses- ArgyropelecusHatchetfish
T
B
Headlights for hunting in the dark
Diaphus
Diaphus – Blue headlight
Red Headlights
Malacosteusniger
Pachyostomas
Light Penetration Appearance
Senses (later)Senses (later)Basic AnatomyBasic Anatomy
Epidermis, dermis, scales ?Epidermis, dermis, scales ?Disease ResistanceDisease Resistance
Barricade, immunityBarricade, immunityDefense (mucus)Defense (mucus)
Hagfish, trunkfish, clownfishHagfish, trunkfish, clownfishDefense (scales)Defense (scales)
Cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid,placoidCycloid, ctenoid, ganoid,placoidDefense (poisons)Defense (poisons)
Toxin glands - spinesToxin glands - spinesOsmoregulationOsmoregulation
Scales/mucus block water and saltScales/mucus block water and saltColorsColors
Malanocytes, other pigments cells, iridophore tricksMalanocytes, other pigments cells, iridophore tricksCountershading and camoCountershading and camo
LightLightCountershading, hunting, communicationCountershading, hunting, communication