Sentence Adj,Adverb and Noun Clause

SENTENCE WRITING

Basically, sentences are classified in three basic forms. They are Nominal sentence, Verbal sentence and use of Formal It and There. In writing sentence, students have to understand the forms of what sentence they want to write. The followings are the classification of basic sentence patterns.

1. Nominal Sentence : A sentence that has no an activity Ex. :

a. She is a nurse ( Noun)b. He is clever. (Adjective)c. My friend is in hospital ( Adverb) Begin with Preposition : in, at, on,

to, into, under, up, down etc.

2. Verbal Sentence: A sentence that is doing an activity. Ex. :

a. We study English every week. ( Verb. Transitive)b. We go to campus everyday. ( Verb Intransitive)c. The patient looks better now. ( Verb Linking)

3. Formal It and Formal There Ex. :

a. It is very important to give immunization to newborn. ( Formal It)b. There are so many patients in hospital this month. ( Formal There)

Below, the commonly basic patterns of verbal sentences.

1. S + V Intransitive2. S + V Linking + C3. S + V Intransitive + A4. S + V Transitive+ O5. S + V Transitive + O + C6. a. S + V Transitive + I.O + D.O

b. S + V Transitive + D.O + prep + I.O

PREDICATES V( intransitive )

We breatheAll Human will dieAll fish can swimIt doesn't matterThe sun is shining

2. S V(linking) CHis father is a doctor

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He becomes weakHis voice sounds noisy That woman looks annoyed

Your skin feelssoft and smooth

The milk turns sour

3. S V(Intrans) A The students live near the campusThe lecture begins at eightAll teachers come on timeThe mist spreads over the hillsThe birds are flying very fastAll my student study diligently

4. S V(transitive) O Nobody answered my question

We all enjoyedour serious games

All the young people struck meThe bell surprised the patientI love honest peopleThey will sell their house

5. S V(transitive) O CThe smith hammered the metal flatThat young man dyed his hair pinkWe elected Megawati our presidentHis fans call him ChiI name my daughter ZabidaThe drugs make him betterThe people declared them heroes

6. S V(trans) I . O DOa They wish you a safe journey

She blew her dad a kissThe man denied her nothingMy wife will make me hot coffeeYou must send your mother a letterTono has given Tini red flowers

S V(trans) D.O Ab The teacher announced the test to the


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studentsThey described the robbery to the police

I have bought new clothesfor my children

You should open the door for themHe borrowed some money from herThe driver demanded $100 from themThe doctor prescribed medicine for the patient

Ex. : Verb Linking.S + appear + C ternyata, kelihatan

(be) ada, adalah, beradabecome menjadifeel merasa, terasaget terasa, merasa, menjadigo menjadigrow menjadi, tumbuhkeep tetap, teruslook tampak, kelihatanremain tetapseem tampak, kelihatansound tampak, kelihatansmell berbautaste terasaturn ternyata

How to differentiate?

We study English We study What? (Trans)We study hard We study How? (Intrans)We study here We study Where? (Intrans)We study at night We study When? (Intrans)

Use of Formal It and There in sentence.

Formal : It + Is + Adj + To VIWasMust beHas beenMust have beenetc….

Formal there : There + Is + NounAreWasWereMust beWill beOught to be


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Has beenHave beenMust have beenetc…

Latihan 1Carilah mana elemen-elemen S atau V dari masing-masing kalimat yang merupakan Elemen Primary dan carilah elemen Complementary apa sajakah yang mengumpliti elemen primary tersebut.

1. I am a student. I come from a remote village far from here.2. I have been living in Yogyakarta for about four years3. My father, mother, sisters and brothers are not here4. All of them become poor farmers but they enjoy their life5. None of them came to this town before I began to study here6. Nearly all of people in my village want their children to study7. The generation of my parents is different from mine8. In the past parents wished their children to be farmers9. At the time most parents had wide land to cultivate10. They preferred their children to work in the farm11. Farmers everywhere always worked very hard everyday12. Those people must strangle hard to support their lives13. The time I have now is different from they had14. There is no enough land for their children to cultivate15. Their income can not be compared with the urban people’s16. Those village people realize what they are facing now17. The young people also want to improve their lives for future18. Most of them migrate to other islands, big cities or even other

countries19. Those migrants want to do whatever job available for them20. In their village job are seasonal and low paid21. In big cities there are lots of jobs available for them22. The only problem they have is whether they want to work hard in the

cities or they want to live lazily in the rural areas23. Migrating to other promising areas is a challenge for them24. They have no choice to migrate to other area if they want to surviveLatihan II


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Terjemahkan kalimat berikut ini dengan menggunakan kaidah-kaidah kalimat yang telah anda pelajari.1. Ada sebuah cerita menarik, ada tiga Wono yang sama tapi beda.2. Saya seorang lelaki sejati. Sedih untuk mengetahui diriku.3. Saya dari Wonosari tapi sekarang di Wonsobo.4. Di desaku sangat panas setiap hari. Sudah lama tidak ada hujan.5. Di wonogiri juga kering, tapi untung sudah ada bendungan.6. Di wonosobo dingin setiap pagi, air melimpah selalu ada.7. Sulit hidup di Wonosari. Di wonogiri hidup juga sulit.8. Wonosobo, Wonosari,Wonogiri memang sama tapi beda.9. Wono artinya hutan tapi ada bedanya Sari, Sobo, dan Giri.10. Apakah anda dapat mengetahui bedanya? pasti harus ada bedanya.11. Memang Sobo, Sari dan Giri amat berbeda tapi sama.12. Di wonosobo hujan terus, kemarin hujan, sekarang hujan.13. Di Wonosari kering terus, kemarin kering, sekarang juga.14. Di Wonogiri air ada tapi dibendungan.15. Istriku cantik bagai bidadari, dia dari pegunungan di Wonogiri.16. Anakku hanya dua, satu lelaki dan satunya perempuan gemuk-

gemuk.17. Anakku yang pertama berumur 10 tahun yang kedua berumur 7

tahun.18. Mereka belajar di sekolah SD semua karena ingin pandai.19. Nasib mereka harus lain dengan nasib kedua orangtua mereka.20. Itulah sebabnya kami semua sekarang tinggal di Wonosobo.21. Aku penjual bakso terkenal, istriku penjual jamu.22. Hidup itu lucu. kami keluarga miskin tapi kami bahagia betul.23. Tiada waktu tanpa bahagia, hidup itu indah betul.24. Kami bahagia dengan keadaan kami sekarang, apapun namanya.

Latihan IIISemua kalimat dibawah salah. Pikirkan apa sebabnya dan betulkan

1. English very important for us to learn.2. Scientific is not mean perfect.3. He will not to come here tonight.4. You must trying hard.


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5. Do you can speak English with fluent.6. I am can not speak English with good.7. Where are you live now?8. I am live in Jl. Magelang No. 22.9. Do you parents there too?10. Is your parents speak English?11. No, he is can not speak English.12. You must happy because your parents rich.13. My sister is not study in this University.14. She will go to abroad next month.15. My brother is four and my sister is two.16. How is your old? My old is 21 years.17. My age is 30 years old.18. If you want to success, you must diligent.19. My mother didn’t went there yesterday.20. I am stud hard because examination.21. I will to tell you the story Jakatingkir.22. What your father work at that town?23. After I until in Bantul, I buy geplak.24. Why are you like to study English?25. When did you born? I burned in 1970.

Then, some elements stamp with the sentence.


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SENTENCE

S V C O A

1. Noun 1. Linking 1. N 1. N 1. N2. Noun Phr. Verb 2. N. Phr. 2. N. Phr. 2. N. Phr.3. Noun Cl. 3. Noun Cl 3. Noun Cl. 3.Adv.4. Pronoun 2. Trans. Verb. 4. Pronoun 4. Pronoun 4.

Adv. Phr5. Gerund 5. Gerund 5. Gerund 5. Adv. Cl6. Gerund Phr. 6. Gerund Phr 6. Gerund Phr. 6. To Inf.7. To Inf. 3. Intrns.Verb 7. To Inf. 7. To Inf. 7. To

Inf.Phr.8. To Inf. Phr. 8. To Inf. Phr. 8. To Inf. Phr 8. Pres.

Part.9. Adj. 9.

Pres.Part.Pr.10. Adj. Phr 10. Past Part.11. Adj. Cl. 11.Past Part.Pr.12. Pres. Part. 12.Prep.

13. Prep. 13.Inf.Phr.14. Prep. Phr.

*Verb.Linking1. Aux.Verb : IS Was

To Be Am Were Are Be

1. Special Verbs : Appear Keep TasteBecome Look TurnFeel RemainGet SeemGo SoundGrow Smell

*Transitive Verbs : Verb yang memerlukan suatu Object

*Intransitive Verbs : Verb yang tidak perlu suatu Object

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S V C O A

Unsur-Unsur Subject:a. Noun :Raflesia is a flower. Noun Phr. :A big, beautiful flower is Raflesia

b. Pronoun : She is very charming.c. Gerund : Sleeping is my hobby.

G. Phrase : Sleeping in a spring bed is comfortable d. To Inf : To sleep s a need

To Inf Phrase : To know me is to love me.e. Noun clause : What he dreams becomes the truth.

Unsur-unsur Object : Kata kerjanya harus transitive verb.

1. Noun : He loves animalsNoun Phrase : He gives a beautiful flower to her

2. Pronoun : She saw me yesterday3. Gerund : We finish studying

G. Phrase : John loves reading English very much4. To Inf. : I want to study

To inf phrase : She likes to read novels5. Noun Clause : I know that you are proud

Setiap clause mesti punya subject and verb baik Ind. Clause / pun sub clause

SENTENCE

S V C O A

UNSUR-UNSURComplement :

a. Noun : African is blackN. Phrase : She is a very intelligent student

b. Pronoun : It is I / mec. Adjective : I am sick

Adj. Phrase : My bone Is very painfulOverseas program Nursing English Training

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d. Preposition : He is off nowPrep. Phrase : Jane was at home

e. Gerund : He remains reading G. phrase : He remains reading a magazine

f. To Inf . : My hobby is to swimTo Inf. Phrase : My hobby is to swim in to river

g. Present Part : I saw them LaughingPresent Part. Phrase : I saw them catching apples

h. Past part : The girl seems Offended Past Part Phrase : The girl seems very offended

i. Adj. Clause : She is whom I met yesterdayj. Adv. Clause : The next is after you finish

studyingk. Noun Clause : The question is how he will get

money

* Remember : After linking verb harus diikuti dengan complement Unsur-unsur point a - k

Perhatikan point G “ Laughing dan eating apples” di sebut object complement artinya complement yang melengkapi object yaitu them.Contoh lain : I find it difficult .She makes me crazy

SENTENCE

S V C O A

Unsur-Unsur Adverb.

a. Noun : When will you go home? N.Phrase : I will go home after tomorrow morning.

b. Adverb : Lydia … well. Adderb Phr. : Reni … perfectly well.

c. Preposition : They stay inside. Prep. Phr. : Ery lives in front of the campus.

d. To inf. : I was born to win To inf. Phr. : I come here to teach you.

e. Present Part. : The went sailing yesterday. Pres. Part. Phr. : She came crying her father’s death.

f. Past Part. : Painted, the house looks nice. Past. Part. Phr. : Brought by the crazy man, the son cried.

g. Adverb Clause : I come late because I got a traffic Jam.


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* Remember : Setelah Kata Kerja Intransitive tidak boleh diikuti dengan object tepatnya diikuti dengan adverb.

NOUN

Derivational form of noun

1. Suffixes changing verb to nouna. Menyatakan kondisi : age, al, ance, or ence, (e) ry, ment, t, tion

or sion, ure.Ex : marriage, weight, arrival, allowance, persistence, bribery,

arrangement, deviation, failure, etc.b. Menyatakan orang : ant, or ent, er or or, or eer, (i) an, or, arian,

ist.Ex : defendant, attendant, manager, governor, auctioneer,

etc.c. Bentuk gerund

2. Ending distinguishing noun from verb

VerbNoun

Believe beliefProve ProofLive LifeDefend Defence

3. Adj to noun : ity, ness, th. Ex : activity, happiness, warmth.

4. Suffixes distinguishing noun form Adj Ex : Intelligent intelligence

Brilliant brilliance

5. From concrete nouns to abstract noun : hood, ism, and ship. Ex : Child hood, heroism, friendship, etc.

WHAT IS NOUN CLOUSE?


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N.C Is a sub-clause that consists of a subject and predicate That function as noun it self.(N.C adalah anak kalimat yang terdiri dari subject dan predicate yang fungsinya sebagai noun itu sendiri.)

1. N.C. Menggunakan Introductory conjunction

1. Question words 2. Whether 3. ThatWhen Who/Whom If

Where What Why Which How Whose

2. Fungsi N.C sebagai :1. Subject : That she had to be hospital was necessary.2. Subject After It : It was necessary that she had to be

hospital.3. Complement : My opinion was that she had to be

hospital.4. Object : He explained that an operation was

necessary.5. Object of prep. : I think of what I said.6. Appositive : His opinion that an operation was

necessary was right.

3. N.C. berasal dari :a) Statement

She is sick : That she is sick is right.b) A question

Expecting yes/no answerIs she ill? : The problem is whether (if) she is ill (or not)

Interrogative Question Words.Where does she live? : I don’t know where she lives.

c) A requestDrink some aspirin: The doctor suggested that I have to drink some aspirin.

d) An exclamationWhat a beautiful girl: We talked about what a beautiful girl she is.

ADJECTIVE


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Derivational Form of Adj.

1. Suffixes changing noun to Adj. : (al, ar, ary, eq, en, esque, ful, licial,

istic, less, like, ly, ous, word, wide, y) Ex : Monumental, familiar, elementary, talented picturesque,

painful, historical, Characteristically, useless, life like, famous, windy, etc.

2. Suffixes changing verb to adj. : (able or, ible, ent or ant, ed, ile, ing, ive, at or y).

Ex : Sensible, dependent, frustrated, hostile boring, attractive, congratulation, etc.

Makers of adj.

Adj. dapat ditandai dengan adv of degree: very quite, rather, extremely, so, too, etc.

Degree of

1. Regular comparison Positive degree Comp degree Superlative degree

(as) tall (as) taller The tallest (as) beautiful (as) more adj than The most adj 2. Irregular comparison good better well bad worse worst far farther/further

farthest/furthest little less least mush & many more most old older/elder oldest/eldest

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Adj clause : Anak kalimat berfungsi menjelaskan noun (head word) dalam noun phrase yang dihubungkan dengan sub-ordinate conjunction (relative clause) seperti : Who, whom, that, where, when, whose, and which.

Ex :


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1. Head word nya orang The doctor who suggested that he stop smoking is a

radiologist. The nurse that looks after me every day seems interested

in me. Can you show me the patient whom you a special

treatment.2. Head word nya benda (binatang)

That is the problem that we must solue. The hospital which lies in town is different from one which

lies in a country.3. Head word nya menunjukkan tempat

Raflesia is a nursing academy where we study nursing.4. Head word nya menunjukkan waktu

I don’t remember the date when I was born.5. Yang menunjukkan possessive

The student whose parent work in hospital will not get any problem in nursing.

ADVERB

Derivational form of Adverb

Suffixes changing Adjective to Adverb: Adjective + Ly

Ex : Beautiful – beautifullySerious – SeriouslyHappy – HappilyEtc.

ADVERB CLAUSE

Adv. C. is a sub- clause that consists of subject and predicate that function as an adverb modifies main

1. Menggunakan sub-ordinate conjunction. When, before, where, if, after, because, so (that) etc.2. Fungsi sebagai kata keterangan : EX : a. Time : When she is on early shift, she goes on duty at 7 a. m.

and comes off duty at 3 p. m.


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b. Place : Duma lives where her house is near the campus.

c. Cause : Because fatty tissue deposits vary among individuals,

the size of labia major varies.

d. Condition : Form time to time, the toes of his injured leg were examined to see if they were warm and pink, and

his pulse and blood pressure were taken half-hourly.

e. Purpose : She is a student nurse so ( that ) she does not work in

the word every day.

VERB

Derivation forms consist of : en, ize, fy, ate, (as suffixes) and en dan , be ( as prefixes).

Ex : deepen, colonize, beautify, differentiate, enlarge, be friend.

Pronouns

Personal Personal Possessive PossessiveSubject Object Adjective Pronouns

I Me My MineYou You Your YoursYou You Your YoursWe Us Our Ours

They Them Their TheirsHe Him His HisShe Her Hers HersIt It Its Its

Please change to each other.Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun

This is my syringe That’s ……This is …… file That’s yours.This is our class That’s ……I look at …… book on my table. I look at his on my tableI borrow her magazine I borrow ……I correct ……homework I correct theirs


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She is Lela’s patient. She is …... The nurses check ……. blood pressure. The nurses check ours.

Complete the blanks below with the pronouns according to the forms and function.1. ……am a midwife in Sismadi Nursing Academy and ……friends, too.2. …….is a discipline lecture ……....father is a good parent. 3. ……..are students of English Course and ……….will have an exam the

next week.4. ……are given good facilities by our institution. 5. ……….didn’t go to the wedding ceremony because their mother has

been hospitalized since a week ago.6. ……….can’t cry loudly although his mother gets serious illness.7. ………doesn’t earn much money because she is an unskillful person.8. ……….. is good to prepare medical instruments before operating this

patient.9. She has given me true love although ……….. cannot truly love her .10. I love her so much but … ……..refuses ……..

Preposition

A preposition is generally used to show the relationship between its object and other words in the sentence. The kinds of relationships which can be shown are as follows:1. Place (in, on, under, over, etc)

The cotton is in the desk drawer.2. Direction (to, toward ,into, etc)

The student nurse run into the class.3. Time (in, on, at, etc)

We can meet at three o’clock.4. Agent (by)

This book was written by OPNET5. Instrument (by with)

I heard the news by telephone. ( communication ).She came by plane. ( transportation )He opened the door with a key. ( instrument, tool )NOTE : Use by + N (no article) for communication and transportation.Examples: by phone, by radio, by telegram and by train, by car and by boat.

6. Accompaniment (with)They like spaghetti with red sauce.Mrs.Jones went to the clinic with her husband.

7. Purpose (for)He went to the store for bread.NOTE :Never use for + V + Ing to Express the purpose of the verb.Example: He went to the store for buying bread.

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8. Partition / possession (of)He broke the top of the table.

9. Measure (by, of)We buy medicine by the pound.Please buy a quart of milk.

10. Similarity (like)John looks like his father

11. Capacity (as)Bill worked as a lifeguard this summer.

Fill in the blank with at, on or in

1. ……….Monday, I go on duty………seven o’clock…………the morning and off duty……………..two o’clock………………….the afternoon.

2. We study English …………Monday and Thursday 3. It begins ………12.30 a.m. I always go to class with my friend.4. He never works……………night.5. He was born …………..1975.6. His birthday is…………January.7. Our examination will be ………the end of this month.8. We have holidays…………….Sunday 9. Sometimes ………….the evening, we always watch ‘Cinema

‘together with friends.10. …………night we get home

Complete the following sentences with the correct word from this list on , by , as , from , back , off , up , of , in ,for , to , with , down , out , against .

1. He’s got a pain ……………. his chest.2. Would you lie down…………the examination couch, please?3. She works……………………a surgical ward.4. They always go ………….work…………..bus.5. When she’s……………an early shift, she goes…………..duty at 7 a.m.

6. This morning we are attending lectures …………..physiology and hygiene.

7. This patient has a rash………………..his stomach.8. Mary is now working……………….a staff nurse in an ear, nose

and throat ward.9. Jane is learning to set trolleys……………..sterile procedures.10. This patient is suffering…………………cerebral hemorrhage.11. The sister is explaining………………..the students the doses

of various drugs.12. This equipment is obtained…………….the C.S.S.D.13. The trolleys are mopped………………an antiseptic.14. Sterile equipment is placed……………..the top

shelf…………….the trolley.15. Sterile instruments are handled………………..Cheatle’s forceps.


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16. Ask the patient to roll…………….his sleeve , please .17. Ask Mr.Smith to take……………..his shirt , please.18. Now ask him to put it………………..again.

Make good sentences ( Choose 5 words)

1. Weak (Adj.)2. Diarrhea ( Noun)3. Happiness ( Noun)4. Painful ( Adj.)5. Health ( Noun)6. Hope ( Verb)7. Visit ( Verb)8. Badly ( Adverb)9. Medicine (Noun)10. Patiently ( Adverb)


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Sentence Adj,Adverb and Noun Clause