SENTENZA 2513-15 Rifiutopoli Pescara

8/20/2019 SENTENZA 2513-15 Rifiutopoli Pescara

1/54


2/54

5.LB SB@ U`l`fd` Tgfhntbn` ngt` g Kbvbthffg Kgsgn`vg

YH)

bf 78.9=.72


3/54

• @N FX[B@NB LHFFH Y U\B

K`n

f'bnthrvhnt`

lb3

•

Y.A. bn

phrs`ng lhf

l`tt`

Ohnngr`

TGU@NH:

• nhssun` í

prhshnth

phr

f`

pgrth

kbvbfh3

K`n f'gssbsthnzg h lbdhsg lhb lbdhns`rb lb shoubt` hfhnkgtb3

• gvv. AGUK@NB, lbdhns`rh lb dblukbg lhff'baputgt` THN\XU@NB Fgnfrgnk`:

• gvv. LB EBG[H lbdhns`rh lb dblukbg lhff'baputgt` LB SB@ U`l`ff` Tgfhntbn`:

• gvv. LB EBG[H h gvv. LB OBU@FGA@, lbdhns`rb lb

dblukbg lhff'baputgt`

LB SB@

Dhrlbngnl` Htt`rh:

• gvv. NGTGUUG. lbdhns`rh lb dblukbg

lhff'baputgt`

KGULGUHfFG Tbtt`rb`:

• gvv. KB UXFFB h gvv. Y@FBL@UB, lbdhns`rb lb dblukbg lhff'baputgt` LB [\HDGN@

Dgerbzb`:

• gvv. DGNB , lbdhns`rh lb dblukbg lhffg LHK@ [.p.G. gnkmh bn s`stbtuzb`nh lhf

k`lbfhns`rh gvv. AffBG

fh pgrtb mgnn` k`nkfus` k`ah lg vhregfh.


4/54

BAYX\ \B

THN\XU@NB FGNDUGNK@ , LB SB@ DHULBNGNL@ H\\@UH, LB SB@ U@L@FD@

TGFHN\BN@ KGULGUHFFG TB\\@UB@

g) bn

`rlbnh

gf rhgt` p .

h

p. lgofb grtt . =7 kàag

5, 779, h

;7< k.p.

47 n. 5 k,p. phrkmâ

bn

hshkuzb`nh

lb un ahlhsba` lbshon` krbabn`s`, bf Thntur`nb bn qugfbté lb Yrhsblhnth lhf K`nsbofb`

lb Gaabnbstrgzb`nh lhffg \hga s.p.G. (s`kbhté h prhvgfhnth pgrthkbpgzb`nh pueefbkg, phr fg

ohstb`nh

bn rhobah

lb

prbvgtbvg lhb shrvbzb gaebhntgfb aunbkbpgfb lhf Kàunh lb \hrga`) h,

lunquh,

/n

qugfbté

lb

pueefbk` uddbkbgfh k`n p`thrb lb d`ragzb`nh lhffg v`f`nté lhff 'hnth:

Kgrlgrh

Bfg

bn

qugfbté lb gaabnbstrgt`rh lhfhogt` lhffg \hga Gaebhnth:

bn

unb`nh

h

k`nk`rs`

(phr prhvb` k`nkhrt` nhff 'gzb`nh k`stbtuhnth bf rhgt`) k`n Lb Sb` U`l`fd`

h

Lb Sb` Dhrlbngnl`

Htt`rh (quhstb uftbab gohntb, rbsphttbvgahnth, bn qugfbté lb gaabnbstrgt`rh lhfhogt` lhffg Lhk`

[.p.G.

h

lb p rhsblhnth lhf k`nsbofb` lb gaabnbstrgzb`nh lhffg Lhk` [pG., n`nkmâ s`kb

h

pr`prbhtgrb lhffg Lhk` [pG, ehnhdbkbgrbg lhffh k`nl`tth gppr`prbgtbvh,): gttugvgn`

fh pfurbah

l

k`nl`tth lb bffhkbtg gppr`prbgzb`nh lb rbs`rsh pueefbkbstbkmh, ahofb` lhskrbtth kàh nhb puntb kmh

b

f

shou`n`, k`nkrhtgntb phkufgt`, tutth dunzb`ngfb

gf

k`nohongt`

h

sbsthagtbk`

pbgn`

lb svu@fgaha`

(phr sukkhssbvg gkqubsbzb`nh bn kgp` gffg Lhk` spg), lhffh utbfbté pgtrba`nbgfb gppgrthnhntb gffg

sullhttg s`kbhté pueefbkg (k`n f` sk`p` uftba` lb dgrh `tthnhrh gffg

prhlhttg

baprhsg prbvgtg,

shnzg bf

rbk`rs` gf aht`l` lhff 'hvblhnzg pueefbkg, f'gddblgahnt` lhff 'gppgft`

phr

k`struzb`nh

h

ohstb`nh lb un bapbgnt`

lb

eb` hssbkkgzb`nh lhb rbdbutb

bn

\hrga`

(lb

shoubr` lhnàbngt` \AH).

Bn pgrtbk`fgrh3

7. b f Thntur`nb lhfbehrgvg, shnzg agnlgr` lhf k`nsbofb` lb gaabnbstrgzb`nh (kmh

f gvhvg

gstrgttgahnth lhfhogt` gffh gkqubsbzb`nb

lb

pgrthkbpgzb`nb, ag k`nobuntgahnth

gff'gaabnbstrgt`rh lhfhogt`), bn vb`fgzb`nh lhf lbvbht` lb kub gfb 'grt 7; L.F.

<

fuofb`

5994

n.

55;

(k`nv. bn F.

5


5/54

V

)

k`nk`rrhnth nhf rhgt`) gffg Lhk` [.p.G., qugfh prhzz` k`rrbsphttbv` lhf lhtt` gkqubst` lb

qu`th (gf s`f` hl unbk` sk`p` lb gsshongrh gffg Lhk` hl gb su`b s`kb ung p`sbzb`nh lb

vgntgoob`

bn

`rlbnh gffh duturg k`struzb`nh h ohstb`nh lhff 'bapbgnt` lb \AE) k`n k`nl`ttg

hqubpgrgebfh gl un kàp`rtgahnt` prbvgtbstbk` lb sp`fbgzb`nh h k`nshouhnth

gppr`prbgzb`nh

lb

lhngr` bn lgnn` lhffg \hga Gaebhnth s.p.G.: bn Yhskgrg bf7= (lgtg lb

k`nshong lhff'gsshon`)

hl

72 fuofb` 599? (lgtg lhf ròbt` n`tgrbfh):

;.

bnstgvg hl `tthnhvg kmh f'gut`rbzzgzb`nh g k`strubrh h ohstbrh f'bapbgnt` lb \AE,

prhshntgtg lgffg \hga s.p.G., d`ssh v`f urgtg gffg \hga

\hk

nh`-k`stbtubtg, k`sæ lg

gttrbeubrh tgfh gut`rbzzgzb`nh (lb rbfhvgntbssba` vgf`rh hk`nàbk`) gnkmh gf s`kb` prbvgt`

shfhzb`ngt` shnzg gfkung pr`khlurg

lb

ogrg:

Bn

\hrga`

bf

4

n`vhaerh 599?


6/54

THN\XU@NB FGNDUGNK@, KGULGUHFFG TB\\@UB@, LB SB@ DHULBNGNL@

H\\@UH LB SB@ U@L@FD@ TGFHN\BN@,

(Dgoobgn` Ob`vgnnb, [gkkàgnlb [hrob`,

Eh

ffgab` Yg`f`, Ygnzgnh @ttgvb`

-

obulbkgtb shpgrgtgahnth)

l) bn `rlbnh gf rhgt`

p.

h

p.

lgff'grt. f f@, ;5; k.p phrkmâ gohnl` bn k`nk`rs` trg f`r` hl bn

vb`fgzb`nh lhffh n`rah baphrgtbvh lbskbpfbngntb b aht`lb lhff 'hvblhnzg pueefbkg, qubnlb bn

vb`fgzb`nh lhffg prhvbsb`nh lb kub gff 'grt.

/7;

lhkrht` fhobsfgtbv` 54?/99, lhofb grtt. f h ;5 F.

74;/5994 h lhff'grt. 595 F. 785/5994, hl g kàpfhtgahnt` lhff'bthr krbabn`s` lhskrbtt` nhb kgpb

kmh prhkhl`n`, bf prba` bn qugfbté lb pueefbk` uddbkbgfh, n`nkmâ prhsblhnth lhffg \hga

\hk

[.p.G .:

b f shk`nl`, bn qugfbté lb gaabnbstrgt`rh lhfhogt` lhffg \hga \hk [.p.G.: Lb Sb` Dhrlbngnl`

Htt`rh h Lb Sb` U`l`fc` bn qugfbté lb, rbsphttbvgahnth, prhsblhnth lhf k`nsbofb` lb

gaabnbstrgzb`nh lhffg Lhk` [.p.G . h lb gaabnbstrgt`rh lhfhogt` lhffg Lhk` [.p.G.: Dgoobgn`

Ob`vgnnb, bn qugfbté lb k`nsbofbhrh \hga \hk [.p

.G.

ofb gftrb bn qugfbté lb ahaerb lhf k`ffhob`

sbnlgkgfh lhffg \hga

\hk

[.p.G.: k`nk`rrhvgn` nhffg lhkbsb`nh ungnbah (drutt` lb prhvbh bnthsh

bnthrvhnuth,

bn

pgrtbk`fgrh, trg Thntur`nb, Dgoobgn` h Lb Sb` U`l`fc`)

lb

gttrbeubrh gffg Lhk`

[pG, k`n f` sk`phrt` grtbdbzb` lhff 'gddblgahnt` 'bn mùsh' (nhf kgs` lb sphkbh n`n bnv`kgebfh bn

gsshnzg lhffg k`nlbzb`nh lhffg f`tgfh pgrthkbpgzb`nh pueefbkg gf kgpbtgfh lhf/ 'hnth hl bn lbdhtt`

lhf/ 'bnlbkh lb prhvbsb`nh lhf k`sbllhtt`

k`ntr`ff` gngfò`),

grtbdbkb`sgahnth gppfbkgnl` f'grtbk`f`

? lhff` stgtut` s`kbhtgrb` (suffh prhstgzb`nb pgrtbk`fgrb lhf s`kb`), f'gppgft` phr

fg

rhgfbzzgzb`nh h

ohstb`nh lhff 'bapbgnt`

lb

\AE gffg Lhk` [.p.G.: k`sæ bnthnzb`ngfahnth pr`kurgnl` gffg Lhk` .

[.p. G

hl

g Lb

Sb`

Dhrlbngnl` Htt`rh h Lb

Sb`

U`l`fc` un bnobust` pr`dbtt` pgtrba`nbgfh, '"

k`rrbsp`nlhnth gffg 'prhvbsb`nh lhofb utbfb lhrbvgtb lg tgfh k`ntrgtt` gl òohtt` pueefbk`. Bn '

\hrga` bf

74

agrz` 5992.

THN\XU@NB FGNDUGNK@, LB SB@ U@L@FD@ TGFHN\BN@,

(Drgnkhskmbnb

Fu

kg -

obulbkgt` shpgrgtgahnth)

l ebs) rhgt`

p.

h

p.

lgofb

97'77. n`

h ;8; kàag 5

k.p.

phrkmâ, bn unb`nh h k`nk`rs` trg f`r`,

dgkhvgn` prhkhlhrh f'gsshongzb`nh lhskrbttg gf kgp` kmh prhkhlh lg ung sbaufgtg rbkhrkg lb

ahrkgt` lhf prhzz` abofb`rh: sònu gfg phrkmâ f` rbkmbhstg lb `ddhrtg, kmh Thntur`nb Fgndrgnk`

trgsahtthvg gffg Yròhr [.r.f. phr un prhvhntbv`, vhnbvg (phr prhvb` gkk`rl` trg b trh lhttb gut`rb)

lbskussg trg Lb Sb` U`l`fc`

h

Drgnkhskmbnb Fukg (k`nsufhnth lhffg Yròhr s.r.f. prhlhttg), kmh

s`stbtubvg bf l`kuahnt` k`nthnhnth f'`ddhrtg `rbobngfh h vhrblbkg (s`tt`skrbttg lgff 'bno. Agrb`

Fàegrlb,

bn

rgpprhshntgnzg lhffg Yròhr s.r.f. phr f` kbdrg lb hur` 7.4=


7/54

h) bn

`rlbnh gf rhgt` p. h p. lgofb `rfb. 779,

;55

kàag

< k.p.

phrkmâ3

f . bf

Thntur`nb bn unb`nh h k`nk`rs` k`n Lb Sb` Dhrlbngnl` Htt`rh h Lb

Sb`

U`l`fd`, k`n b

qugfb k`nkhrtgvg f'gzb`nh lhfbttu`sg (fg qugfh l`vhvg p`rtgrh gf kàpbahnt` lhf

kàpfhss` pbgn` krbabngfh p`fbtbk` dbngnzbgrb` kmh, k`nkhpbt` lgofb bnlgogtb, sb hv`fvhvg,

g pgrtbrh lgffh vbkhnlh lhskrbtth nhf. kgp`-G, kàh-shouh) : gvhnl` rgpprhshntgf@, phr

trgabth lb Lb

Sb`

U`l`fd`, gf Thrkhsb Gnt`nb` (thknbk` h uà` lb phkufbgrh rbdhrbahnt` lb

[pgrgkbn` Abkmhfh, Gaabnbstrgt`rh Lhfhogt` lhffg Hk`lhk` [.r.f . lb Abfgn`, gf qugfh

quhst'uftba` rbdhrbvg) kmh qugf`rg

fg

sullhttg Hk`lhk` [.r.f . gvhssh lhfbehrgt` h

k`nkhss` gffg Lhk`

[pG

bf pr`prb`

'7979_-m`w'

hskfusbv`, nhkhssgrb` gffg k`struzb`nh

lhff 'bapbgnt` lb \AE lb

kub

gf

kgp` L) (k`nkhssb`nh lgffg qugfh b prhlhttb prhvhlhvgn` lb

k`nshoubrh un rbspgrab` lb sphsg, nhffg rhgfbzzgzb`nh lhffg kàahssg lhskrbttg gf kgp` L,

vgfutgtg gfkunb abfb`nb lb hur`), fg Hk`lhk` s.r.f.. sgrheeh stgtg p`b 'gaahssg' g

pgrthkbpgrh gff 'gddgrh, k`nsbstbt` nhffg rhgfbzzgzb`nh lhffg k`struzb`nh h ohstb`nh bn

Geruzz` lb un bapbgnt` phr f'bnkhnhrbahnt` lhb rbdbutb (pròhtt` fukr`sbssba` h ofg

prhk`stbtubt` bn tutth

fh suh

dgsb gttugtbvh, sbg quhffg lhff'gttrbeuzb`nh gffg Lhk`

lhff 'gppgft̀ , sbg quhffg gddhrhnth gffh bnbzbgtbvh gaabnbstrgtbvh-n`ragtbvh h lb

glhougahnt` lhf pbgn` rhob`ngfh lhb rbdbutb vbohnth, n`nkmâ lb hddhttbvg gff`kgzb`nh

lhff 'bapbgnt` suf thrrbt`rb` rhob`ngfh):

5.

dgkhnl`sb

b f

Thntur`nb hsprhssgahnth ogrgnth, bn vbrtò lhb p`thrb h lhffh rhfgzb`nb

k`nnhssh gffg sug kgrbkg

lb

K`nsbofbhrh Uhob`ngfh h Ahaer` lhffg Obuntg lhffg Uhob`nh

Geruzz` .k`n lhfhog. gffg .[gnbté, lhff 3gddblgahnt` .lbrhtt`Plhff 3gppgft` Dhkb bnkhnhrbt`rh

(b

n a`l` k`nkhrtgt` h shnzg

bf

nhkhssgrb` hspfhtgahnt` lb gfkung ogrg ` aht`l`

k`nk`rsugfh)

gl

ung s`kbhté kub gvrheehr` pgrthkbpgt` tgnt` b Lb Sb`, qugnt` fg Hk`lhk`

s.r.f.. (bnlbvblugtg nhffg k`ns`rtbfh Geruzz` Hnhrobg):

;.

s`ffhkbtgvg gff` [pgrgkb3z`)Kb prW'ZBhssg hl

bf

k`ndhrbahnt` lhffh utbfbté s`prg lhskrbtth,

bn

k`ntr`pgrtbt::-:3bâb

~ h

s`prg lhskrbttb gttb k`ntrgrb gb l`vhrb lb bapgrzbgfbté h eu`n

gnlgahnt` lhffg Yueefbkg Gaabnbstrgzb`nh.

e:Yhskgrg B = fuofb` 5992 hl bn lgth gnthkhlhntb

hl

baahlbgtgahnth sukkhssbvh

LB [\HDGN@ DGEUBSB@

(Lb Sb` U`l`fc` Tgfhntbn`, Lb Sb` Dhrlbngnl` Htt`rh

-

obulbkgtb

shpgrg/gahn/h)

c) bn `rlbnh gf rhgt` p. h

Y-

lgofb grtb. ;72-;57 kp ., phrkmâ Dgerbzb` Lb [thdgn`, shngt`rh lhffg

Uâpueefbkg, lg ung pgrth:

h

Lb Sb` U`l`fc`, gaabnbstrgt`rh lhffg

«Hk`fòbkg [gnor`

. "[.p).,..º

h lhffg

« Lhk` [.

p.G.º, bn unb`nh h k`nk`rs` k`n Lb Sb` Dhrlbngnl` Htt`rh

(kàpr`prbhtgrb` lhff 'gzbhnlg), lgff'gftrg, prhahss`

• kmh bf «K`ns`rzb` Kàprhns`rbgfh lb Fgnkbgn`º lb pr`prbhté lhb kàunb lhffg

pr`vbnkbg lb Kmbhtb, lhf qugfh hrg prhsblhnth Ubkkgrl` Fg A`robg, hshrkbtgvg

bf

shrvbzb` lb

rgkk`ftg h sagftbahnt` lhb rbdbutb uregnb trgabth

fg

k`nkhssb`ngrbg «K`ns`rzb` [hrvbzb

Hk`fòbkb lhf Drhntgn`º

kmh f` lhfhogvg gffg k`ns`rzbgtg

«Hk`fòbkg [gnor`

[.p.G. º

(pgrthkbpgtg

gf

28%

lgffg

« Lhk`

[.p.G.º),

lhffg qugfh hrg gaabnbstrgt`rh

Lb

Sb`

U`l`fc` (gff` sthss` thap` gaabnbstrgt`rh lhfhogt` lhffg Lhk` [p.G.):


8/54

• kmh Ubkkgrl` Fg A`robg, nhffg lhttg qugfbté, gvhvg gwbgt`3

g)

un 'gzb`nh phr bnlurrh ung d

rhvbsb`nh lhffh tgrbddh lb sagftbahnt` lhb rbdbutb bn shns` pbò dgv`rhv`fh gb kàunb

hl

gffg

p`p`fgzb`nh: e) un'gzb`nh

phr

fg rhgfbzzgzb`nh lb un bapbgnt` lb eb`-kàp`stgoob` lhb

rbdbutb,

kmh

gvrheeh kàp`rtgt` gntbhk`nàbkg k`nk`rrhnzg

phr

bf Lb Sb`, ohst`rh

(gttrgvhrs`

fh

suh s`kbhté) lb

un

bapbgnt` lhff` sthss` tbp` bn Kgs`nb (KM) -bn pgrtbk`fgrh,

bnshrhnl` tgfb thab gff'`rlbnh lhf ob`rn` lhff'gsshaefhg k`nv`kgtg

phr

bf

55

shtthaerh

5992: k) f'`pp`sbzb`nh g kmh f'gapfbgahnt` lhffg lbskgrbkg lb Khrrgtbng d`ssh gddblgt`

gffg Hk`fòbkg [gnor` s.r.f. shnzg ogrg:

• kmh, phrtgnt`, Lb Sb` U`l`fd` h Lb Sb` dhrlbngnl` Htt`rh ddb'hvgn` bnthrhssh

g

s`stbtubrh bf

Fg f>d`robg k`n phrs`ng lbsp`stg g dgrh b pr`prb bnthrhssb, gnzbkmâ quhffb lhffg k`ffhttbvbté:

• kmh

Lb

Sb` U`l`fd` h Lb Sb` Dhrlbngnl` Htt`rh hrgn`, gftrhsæ, bnthrhssgtb gl `tthnhrh fg , /

a`lbdbkgzb`nh lhffg Fhooh rhob`ngfh


9/54

tgkbwahnth gffg

bn

thorgfh rbsk`ssb`nh lhf kgn`nh gnnu` (nhf k`rs` lhff 'gnn` 5992 p LF

vhrsgvg

gl

Grhg sgs s`ftgnt` ?.8


10/54


11/54

F977. \gnkrhlb gssuahssh su lb sâ f'baphong gff 'grtrbeuzb`nh g Lb Sb̀ , shnzg ogrg,

lhff'gppgft` phr

fg

k`struzb`nh lhff'bnkhnhrbt`rh:

P bntrgtthnhvg rhfgzb`nb k`n f '977. Dbfbpp` Ybkk`nh, g sug v`ftg bnthrhssgt` gffg k`struzb`nh

lb un bnkhnhrbt`rh, gddbnkmâ tgFh pgrfgahntgrh, k`n fg sug gzb`nh, n`n bntrgfkbgssh

bf

pr`ohtt`

lhfbttu`s` kmh f` Fhogvg gb Lb Sb`:

P hshrkbtgvg ung bnlhebtg gzb`nh

lb

prhssb`nh, k`n geus` lhffg qugfbté

h

lhb p`thrb lb

gsshss`rh gffg sgnbté h lb k`nsbofbhrh lhffg rhob`nh Geruzz`, gddbnkmâ p`thsshr` lh thrabngrsb

fh k`nlbzb`nb n`ragtbvh (k`n fg bnl`ttg a`lbdbkgzb`nh lhffg Fhooh rhob`ngfh


12/54

bf7

Geruzz`: `vvhr` ogrgntbvg

fh

k`nlbzb`nb gddbnkmâ tgfh a`n`p`fb` p`thssh phrphtugrsb gnkmh bn

dutur` (gkqubshnl` pràhssg lb gttrbeuzb`nh

lb

gppgftb pueefbkb shnzg ogrg)

hl

hvbtgvg kmh sb

gvvbgssh pr`khss` phr

fg

rhvbsb`nh lhffh tgrbddh ` kmh sb gvhssh k`nk`rrhnzg lb bapbgntb lb

sagftbahnt` ohstbtb lg thrzb: rhgtb kàahssb lg phrs`ng (Lb Sb` U`l`fd`) gvhnth kàpbtb lb

rgpprhshf7tgnzg lhffg s`kbhté, bn agnkgnzg lhff'gl`zb`nh lb a`lhffb lb `rognbzzgzb`nh h vbobfgnzg

bl`nhb g prhvhnbrh rhgtb lhffg sphkbh lb quhff` phr kub sb pr`khlh. Bn [p`ft`rh phr bf

5=

`ttèrh

599= (phr bf vhrsgahnt` lb hur` 79.999

tb

[`spbrb), bn Yhskgrg bf 5= agoob` 5992 (phr bf

vhrsgahnt` lb hur` 79.999,99 g Ubvhffbnb), b/7 Yhskgrg

bf

5= agoob` 5992 (phr bf vhrsgahnt` lb

hur` 59.999,99 gf YLF

ng

zb`ngfh):

bn

Yhskgrg

bf

5<

obuon` 5992 (phr

bf

vhrsgahnt`

gl

Gfe`rh

Agskbg)


13/54

A@\rTGSB@NH

Gff 'hsbt` lhffg kàpfhssg bstrutt`rbg kmh mg baphongt` bf \rbeungfh Yhngfh K`ffhobgfh nhffg

trgttgzb`nh lhf pr`khlbahnt` ( 5== 74 / 7; UO g kub í rbunbt`

bf

n 87;/7< UO) , gppgrh `pp`fbun`

trgttgrh lbstbntgahnth kbgskun kgp`

l'baputgzb`nh.

Kgp` G)

Fg dgttb sphkbh, k`nstg shk`nl` f' gkkusg, lb kbnquh puntb, lhttgofbgtgahnth lhskrbttb nhf kgp`

l'baputgzb`nh, bp`tbzzgnl`sb bn s`s tgnzg pfurbah

k`nl`tth

lb bffhkbtg gppr`prbgzb`nh lb f"bs`rsh

pueefbkbstb kmh, k`nvhrohntb bn ung kàpfhssbvg k`nl`ttg lbstrgttbvg gskrbttg gofb baputgtb, gb

qugfb

sgrheeh baputgebfh un

grtbk`fgt`

ahkkgnbsa` v`ft` gff`

svu`tgahnt`

lb rbs`rsh lhffg

s`kbhté g

kgpbtgfh abst`

\HGA \hrga`

Gaebhnth hl

g

vgntgoob` lb

s`kbhté prbvgtg, Lhk` [pg,

dgkhnth kgp` gb Lb Sb`, dbngfbzzgt` gff` sk`p` lb gv`kgrh g quhst'uftbag f'gddblgahnt`

lhff' gppgft` phr fg k`struzb`nh h ohstb`nh lb bapb gnt` lb eb`hssbkkgzb`nh.

@kk`rrh g quhst` punt` prbag lb hsgabn grh b dgttb sussuntb nhffg k`nthstgzb`nh, prhahtthrh gfkunb

khnnb suffg dbourg lhf rhgt` lb kmh trgttgsb.

Bn erhvh sb rgaahntg kmh bf phkufgt` í un lhfbtt` kmh sb k`ndbourg qugnl`

"bf pueefbk` uddækbgfh `

f'bnkgrbkgt` lb un pueefbk` shrvbzb` kmh, gvhnl` phr rgob`nh lhf su` uddbkb` `

shn

fbzb` bf p`sshss` `

kàunquh fg lbsp`nbebfbté lb lgngr` ` lb gftrg k`sg aèbfh gftrub, sh nh gppr`prbg" s` stgnzbgnl`sb

lunquh nhff'gppr`prbgzb`nh bffhkbtg lb

lhngr`

pueefbk`.

\g

ttgsb pgkbdbkgahnth

lb

rhgt` pr`prb` bn

qugnt`

bf

phkufgt` tr`vgnth spgzb` nhofb gr

tB.

; 7< h ;74 kp, shk`nl` fg pbò goobàgtg d`raufgzb`nh

rbkmbhlh, qugfh sòohtt` gttbv`, `ftrh gf pueefbk` uddbkbgfh, gnkmh f'bnkabkgt`

lb

un pueefbk` shrvbzb` ,

fg KXB n`zb`nh

í

d`rnbtg nhf sukkhssBvB grtB. ;8? h

;8= k.p.

Tg rgaahntgt` kmh nhf thap`, gss`rehnl` b rbfbhvb agturgtb

bn

oburbsprulhnzg h fh bstgnzh lb


14/54

5.

gaa`lhrngahnt` lhffg agt

hr

bg, fg lbskbpfbng lhf phkufgt` mg suebt` rbfhvgntb a`lbdbkmh

rb

sphtt`

g

ff

'`rbobngrbg d`raufgzb`nh , gl `phrg bnngnzbtutt` lh

ff

g

f. n.

=4/7229

("A`lbdbkmh bn thag lb lhfbttb

lhb pueefbkb uddbkbgfb k`ntr` fg pueefbkg gaabnbstrgzb`nh")

kmh, bn p

gr

7bk`fgrh, mg3 hfbabngt` fg

a`lgfbté

lb

strgttbvg lhffg rhgfbzzgzb`nh lhffg k`nl`ttg, rhnlhnl` punbebfh s`

f`

f'gppr`prb gzb`nh lhf

lhngr` ` lb gftrh k`sh aèbfb gftrub : gerògt` f'gt7. ;78 k.p. k`n

bf

k`nshquhnzbgfh gss`re bahnt` lhffg

"agfvhrsgzb`nh g lgnn` lb pr bvgtb" nhffg sdhrg lb rbfhvgnzg

lb

kub gff'grt. ; 7< k. p. , n`nkmâ n`ragt`

gut`nàgahnth bf "phkufgt` l'us`". [ukkhssbvgahnth, fg lbskbpfbng lhf lhfbtt` lb phkufgt` í stgtg

a`lbdbkgtg lgffg

f. n.

2?/5

997

h lgff'gtb. B lhffg

f. n.

729/5975 kmh mg hfhvgt` fg phng hlbttgfh lg

qugttr` g lbhkb gnnb (`rbobngrbgahnth, fg phng abnbag hrg lb trh

gtXfb).

Heehnh, nhffg sphkbh, b k`

ap

`rbgahntb lhskrbttb nhf kgp` g) n`n s`n` bn gfkun a`l` s`vrgpp`

nb

ebfb

g

fb

' bnlbkgt` pgrglboag n`ragtbv`, bn qugnt` b dgttb rbkmbgagtb n

hb

puntb hvblhnzbgtb lgf

YA

rbsuf

tg

n`

hstrgnhb g

ff

'g pprhnsb`nh lb ' lhngr` lb un hnth puee

fb

k`' lg pgrth lhf ' pueefbk` uddbkbgfh ': shaprh

fgll`vh sb vòfbg lgrh phr khrtg fg ngturg puee fbkg lhffg \HGA h

lb

puee fb k` uddbkbgfh lhf

Thntur`

nb

, prèfhag quh st ' uftba` kmh sb gddæ-`nthré pbò bnngnz

b.

H' gss`rehnth rbfhvgrh kmh n`n k`bnkblh k`n quhff` kmh tbpbzzg f

'òoh

tt` lb gpprhnsb`nh lhf rhgt` lb

phkufgt`, nâ f

'gk

qubst` lb qu`th nâ f'hvhntugfh bffhkbt` gddblgahnt` lb pròhtt`, nâ ehnb baaèbfb .

F` sthss` í g lbrsb phr o fb svgrbgtb gsphttb lb shongfgtg bffbkhbté lhskrbttb nhb vgrb puntb bn kub sb

kàphnlbg f' baputgzb`nh lb phkufgt`.

Hougfahnth sb bap`nh f'hsgah lhb dgttb kàphnlbgtb nhf kgp` l ' baputgzb`nh, gnkmh phr fg hs bohnzg

thnut` k`nt` lhb p`th

rb

lb qugfbdbkgz b`nh oburblbkg lhofb sthssb sphttgnth gf ob ulbkgnth (

'lg

ab mb

dgktua, lge`

tb

eb bu s')-lb vhrbdbkgrh f 'hvhntugfh k`ndbourgeb fbté lhf lbvhrs` rhgt` lhff ' geus` bn gttb

l'uddbkb`

(sgfvg

gnkmh fg vhrbdb kg lhff g qugfb té lb pueef bk` uddbkbgfh prhsupp`stg lgff 'b aputgz b`nh) .

@rg

vb í

lg lbrh kmh fg rbk`struzb`nh lhffg vbkhnlg dgttug fh kmh

í

gffg egsh lh

ff

g k`nths

tg

zb`nh sue g)

rb

suftg gohv`fh gffg strhoug lh

ff

g bstrutt` rbg `rgfh, qugf bnthorgtg lg

ff

h rbsuftgnzh l`kuahntgfh.


15/54

;

F'gkkusg, gttrgvhrs` bn pgrtbk` fgrh

bf

rhs`k`nt` lh ff ' Bsphtt`rh Ygv` nh, ag gnkmh lho

fb

gft

rb

thstb lhf

Ya, rbk`strubskh

bf

ru`f` lhffg Lhk` ( b nthrgohnl` k`n fg \hga ) lh

ff

' gaeb t` lh ffg vbkhnlg lhf

eb`hss bkkgt`rh, hvblhnzbgnl` kàh quhstg gssuahvg nhf thap` gs phttb shaprh pbò s`sphttb.

F' Bsphtt`rh mg spb hogt` kàh fh

bn

lgobnb heehr` bnbzb` qugnl` obé fg \hGa gvhvg `tthnut`

f

'g

ut`

rb

zzgzb`nh phr fg k`struzb`nh lhf pròhtt` lb eb`hssbkkgzb`nh h kàh lg

ff

h sthssh hahrohvg (

vhl bn pgrtb k`fgrh

bf

rbnvhnbahnt` lb hag

bf

) un s`s tgnzbgfh k`bnv`fobahnt` lhf fg s`kbhté Lhk` nhf

ahlhsba` pròhtt` shnzg kmh

bf

k`bnthrhssgahnt` lb quhstg, hsprhss` gnkmh phr bf trgabth lh

ff

g

s`kbhté Hn tz`rog, d`ssh obustbdbkgt` lg un d`ragfh bn kgrbk` ` rgo b`nb lb kgrgtthrh ' uddbkbgf

h':

k`

bn

thrhssgahnt` hsprhss`

bn

pg

f7b

k`fgrh lg

ff

g k``phrgzb`nh trg o

fb

bnohonh

rb

Y`fbsbnb h [gegtbn

b.

Bn`ftrh hahrohvg f'gnàg

fb

g, `ftrh kmh lb quhst` k` bn v` fobahnt` lh

ff

g Lhk`, gnkmh lh

ff

` sthss`

geegnl`n` lhf ' pròhtt` lb skbssb`nh' gttrgvhrs` bf qugfh bn un prba` aàhnt` fg \hga \h rga`

Gaebhntk sb hrg `rbhntgtg phr gddæ¿`ntgrh bf thag lh ffg eb`hssbkkgzb`nh.

Yrbag

lb

hsgabngrh fg sbonbdbkgtbvbté

lb

quhsth

'gnàg

fb

h'

suf pbgn` lh

ff

h k`nthstgzb`nb lh

ff

' gkkusg í

`pp`rtun` rbk

mb

gagrh fg vbkhnlg nhb pun

tb d`

nlgahntg

fb

lhf su` sv

bf

upp` lgf punt` lb vbstg

dg

ttugfh,

svbfupp` bnlbkgt` hss` sthss` kàh lhf tutt` gn

àg

f̀ nh

ff

g fbk`struzb`nh lh

ff

'gkkusg.

Hl gff`rg, vg rgaahntg t` kmh ( fg

rb

k`struzb`nh tr`vg d`nlgahnt` nhffg l`k ua hntgz b`nh bn gttb hl í

stgtg kàunquh òohtt` lb kàpbut`

rb

hp

bf

ò` lg pgf7h sbg lhb ths

tb

lh ffg Yo kmh lg pgrth lhf

K` nsufhnth lhf Ya l`tt LB \̀ rb`

)3

bf 5/7 9/94 fg \hga

\h

rga` Gaebhnth kmbhlhvg f'gut`

rb

zzgzb`nh rhob`ng fh phr bf pròhtt` lhb

eb`hssbkkgzb`nh k`n pr`luzb`nh KLU:

bf 75 fuofb` 599? ngskhvg fg \hknòyf k`n kgpbtg fh lb ;9.999 hur` vhrsgt` lg pgrtk lhb Lb Sb`:


16/54

Bf

72

fuo

fb

` 599? (Lb Sb` U`l`fd`

í

gaabnbstrgt`rh ua k` lhffg \hknòyf srf ) k`n vhregfh lb

gsshaefhg

st

rg`rlbngrbg vbhnh kgaebgtg fg lhnàb ngzb`nh

lb

\hknòyf

bn

\hga \hk srf :

shaprh

bf

72 fuof b` 599? fg \hga [pg gkq

uB

sbskh

bf

49% lhffh qu`th lh

ff

g s`kbh

té

nh`k`stbtubtg

vhrsg nl ` g

ff

g Lhk` ;9.999 hur`:

Bf

sukkhssbv` 59

fu

ofb`, nhff

'g

aebt` lhffg K`ndhrhnzg

lb

[hrvbzb

bf

Thntur`nb prhgnnunkbgvg kmh fg

ohstb`nh lhff ' bapbgnt`

lb

eb`hssbkkgzb`nh sgrheeh stgtg lgtg gl ung s`kbhté pgrthkbpgtg lg tuttb ofb

hntb thrrbt`rbgfb gsshrvbtb gff'b apbgnt`:

bf < shtthaerh

bf

Klg \hga Gae bhnth spg prhnlhvg gtt` lhffg k`stbtuzb`nh lb \ha \hk s

rf

h lgvg

bnkgrbk` gf

Ka¿la¿h

ffg hl gf Dgoobgn` phr kurgrh ofb gsphttb rhfgtbvb gl hvhntug

fb

a`lbdbkmh stgtutgrbh

hl gftr`: hrg lhfbehrgt` f' gkqubst` lb thrrhn` bn k`ntrglg \hrrgebgnkg phr f'bap`rt` lb 7.799.999 hur`

bf 7?

`ttèrh bf Klg \hga Gaebhnth lgvg agnlgt`

gf

Thntur`nb phr f'gkqub st` lhf thrrhn`

Bf

5< `ttèrh 599?

bf

Thntur`nb k

mb

hlhvg g

ff

g Uhob`nh kmh

bn

egsh g qugnt` stgebfbt` nhffg

k`ndhrhnzg

lb

shrvbzb f' gut`rbzzgzb`nh

bn

k`rs`

lb

gppr`vgzb`nh d`ssh rbfgskbgtg g \hga \hk:

bf

luh n`vhaerh 599?

bf

Thnmfr`nb- kàh Yrhsblhnth lb \hga \hrga` Gaebhnth-gkq ub stgvg 74

httg

rb

lb thrrhnb ( ne prhfbabngrh bn lgtg 59/7/94)

bf 4/7

7/599? bf Thnmfr`nb

bn

rgpprhshntgnzg lhffg \hGa kmb hlhvg kmh bf pr`vvhlbahnt` lb

gut`

rb

zzgzb`nh d`ssh rb fgskbgt` g \hga \hk

Bf 78/7 5/599? bf K`nsbo fb`

lb

\hga thk gppr`vgvg f'guahnt` lb kgpbtgfh s`kbgfh

Cf

72/75/599? fg \hga \hk srf [B trgsd`ragvg bn spg guahntgnl` bf kgpbtgfh s`kbgfh lg 89.999 g

789.999 hur`


17/54.8

77 ?/;/599= \hga

\hk

rbeglb vg gffg Uhob`nh g k

mb

vg

rbf

gsk bgtg f' gut`rb zzgzb`nh k`n fg prhkb sgzb`nh

lhff'gvvhnutg trgsd` ra gz b`nh lg [rf bn [pg

B f

5? agrz` 5

99

= fg Uhob`nh Geruzz` rbfgskbgvg fh gut`rbzzgz b`

nb

phr f

'b

apbgnt` lb eb`hssbkkgzb`nh

bn kgp` g

\hga

\hk su trh lhffh p;fbbkh

ff

h lb thrrhn` `oohtt` lhff ' gkqub st` lb kub s`p rg (pgrB. n 5<

;


18/54

Bf 74 agrz` 5992 fg \hga

\hk

[pg dgkhnl` rbdhrbahnt` gff 'g rt ? lhff` [tgtut` lhfbehrgvg lb gddblgrh

f' bn

kgr

bk` lb tuttg fg dgsh lb pròhttgzb`nh gffg Lhk`

bn

qugfbté lb s`kb` (kàh prhstgzb`nb gkkhss`rbh

lhf s`kb`)

Nh ff ' gaebt` lb

quh

sth vb

kh

nlh fg pueefbkg gkkusg rbk`str

ub

skh h rgvvbsg kàp`rtgahntb bffhkbtb h

s`sphttb gnkmh rhfgtbvgahnth gff h dgsb lhf kl. pròhtt` lb skbssb`nh3 bndgttb f' `rbobngrb` pbgn` lb

skbssb

`nh

blhgt` phr dbfbgrh ung strutturg shnzg nu`vb baphonb dbngnzbgrb phr b s`kb k`n prhvbsb`nh lb

shk`nl` s`kb` prbvgt` ( ` ftrh [fbg) vb

hnh

geegnl`ngt` nhf

thap`

lgffg \hga \hrga` Gae bhnth.

Bn s`stgnzg, bf pròhtt` lb [K B

[[B@

nh trgttgt` nhffg shl utg lhf

klg

lhf ?/;/599?, vhf77vg lb dgtt`

geegnl`ngt` tgnt` kmh

bf

prhvbst`

klg

lhf ;9/

;7599?

n`n sb thnhvg, hl g pgrtbrh lg f

klg

lhf 75 gprb fh

n`n sh nh dgkhvg pbò ahnzb`nh. Hl gnzb, l`p` kmh bf [bnlgk` lb \hrga` ( Kmb`lb) hl bf

K`

nsbofb`

K`

aungfh

lb

\hrga`

bn lgtg

72

gprbfh hsgabngvgn`

bf

pròhtt` lb skbssb`nh, f` sthss` K

mb

`lb nhffg

sukkhssbvg

sh

lutg

lhf

klg

( g ku b pgrthkbpgvg

kàh k`nsbo

fbhrh ) bn lgtg = agoob` rbfhvgvg fg

agnkgnzg lb d`nlb qugfh kbrk`stgnzg `stgtbvg gf pròhtt` lb sk bssb`nh , h nhf sukkhssbv`

klg

lhf

;9

obuon` 599?, bn shlh lb ufthrb`rh Klg lhffg \hga bf Thntur`nb pgrfgvg hspfb

kbtgahnth

lhffg

nhkhssbté lb

lgrh

nu` vh

d97777h

s`kbhtgrbh

gf

pròhtt`.

Bn

s`stgnzg, shk`nl` fg rbk`struzb`nh gkkusgt`rbg,

f'geegnl`n`

lhf pròhtt` lb [K BssB`nh

k`stbtubrheeh un rb sk` ntr` lhf pbgn` krbabn`s`

kmh

sb gnlg vg vbg vbg pr`dbfgnl` hl gttugnl` nhffg

vbkhnlg lhf

eb`h

ss bkkgt`rh.

@rg vb í

lg lbrh

, phr qugnt` rbougrlg b rbfhvgtb gsphttb lb bffbkhbté, pgrthnl` pr`prb` lgf pròhtt` lb

skbssb`nh,

kmh

g

ff

g fukh lhff h

rb

suftgn

zh

bstrutt`rbh, fg k`struzb` nh gkkusgt`rbg n`n í lhf tfftt`

k`nlbvbs bebfh.

Bndgttb , bf thsth Kmb`lb , [bnlgk` lh f Kàunh lb \h rga` gff ' hp`kg lhb dgttb, shntbt` kàh thsth(

ulbhnzg lhf

59

gprb fh

59

78

), l`p` gvhr pgrfgt` lhf dgtt`

kmh fg

rhg

fb

zzgz

b`nh lhf eb`kss bkkgt`rh


19/54

rbsp`nlhvg gl ung prhvbsb`nh lb pfgn`, kmh n`n l`vhvg hsshrh rhgfbzzg t`

bn

rhobah lb prbvgtbvg,

rbdhrbskh3

...Fg \hga ... s`kbhté pgrthkbpgtg lgf

K`

aunh ... rbthnnh lb tr`vgrh

f`

k`nvhnbhnzg

bn

thrabnb s`kbhtgrb ... bf Kàunh ...kmh p`b nh s`sthnhvg b k`stb gffrgvhrs` fg tgrbddff ..sb phnsõ g un

pròhtt` lb skbssb`nh phrkmâ .... n`n gvrheeh l`vut` s`pp`rtgrh lhofb hse`rsb, trgttgnl`sb lb

un

pr`khlbahnt` lb skbssb`nh kmh .db3tkh

vg

sb kmh bf kgpbtgfh `rbobngrb` lhffg \hga agoo b`rgt` lhffh

rbshrvh gkkuaufgth k`stbtubssh phr qu`tg pgrth, qu`tg kgpbtgfh s`kbgfh lhffg s`kbhté skbssg ( lbré pbò

gvgntb 'f'gttbvbté lb eb`hssbkkgzb`nh, gppunt` phrkmâ n`n lhstbngtgrbg lb prbvgtbvh ` lb vgntgoo b lg

un punt` lb vbstg pueefbk`, hrg kàunquh un 'gffbvbfé g rbskmb` hk`nàbk` ...sh un` kgfbergvg ...phr

fg

fgv`rgzb`nh lb un v`fuah hfhvgt` lb rbdbutb h sh p`b qu

hs

tb rbdbutb n`n d`sshr` grrbvgfb bf k` nt`

hk`nàbk` sgrheeh gnlgt` bn phrlbtg.Gff`rg quhstg `phrgzb`nh lb skbssb`nh hrg

phr

agnthnhrh

kàunquh bnlhnnh f` \h.Ga .

)

luh(ur`n` fh rgob`nb phr kub

bf

pr`khss` lb skbssb`nh

n`ndbf

p`rtgt`

gvgntb, ung db f fg s`prgvvhnutg n`tbdbkg lg pgrth lhff 'Gohnzbg lhffh Hntrgth lb un lhebt` hrgrbgfh

phr kbrkg ; abfb`nb lb hur` kmh bnthrvhnnh nhffh a`rh ...quhstg agzzg tg ... nhofb gnnb gnthkhlhntb fg

abg kgrbkg, fg \h.ga sb hrg gvvgfsg lb ung n`rag gohv`fgtrbkh

.

Wuhst` gvhvg lhthrabngt` lhofb

utbfb nhttb agoob`rb ...sb krhõ quhs t` rbskmb` db ngnzbgrb` hn`rah phr fg \h.G a... k`n ung `phrgzb`nh

lb skbssb`nh kmh gvrheeh kàp`rtgt` fg rbluzb`nh lhf kgpbtgfh lhffg \h.Ga .. .pgrth... gdfrbeubtg gffg

s`kbhté skbssg ... [hk`nl` gsphtf` .. ./g s`kbhté [tbg, gff'hp`kg bf sòohff` .. . lb rbdhrbahnt` hrg bf l`f/.

Ogvb`fb ab kàunbkõ kmh fg [fbg n`n gvhvg pbò bnthrhssh

Kf

kmh sb( `ssh p`rtgt` gvgntb bf pròhtt` lb

skbssb`nh ... 'n`b n`n geebga` pbò bnthrhssh ... g dbngnzbgrh .. ./

`

phrgzb`nh .. hrg un '`phrgzb`nh lg 7<

abfb`nb lb hur` fg rhgfbzzgzb`nh lhf eb`hssbkkgt`rh, qubnlb

k h

rg ebsòn` ` lb ogrgnzbh qdCænkmí

un

prhstbt` .d`ssh `

tt

hnut` ... ` lb kgp btgfh s`kbgfh ... k í un vhregfh nhf qugfh b` dhkb prhshnth kmh n`n

k hrgn` pbò fh k`nlbzb`nb.dængnzbgrbh phr p`rtgrh gvgntb f'`phrgzb`nh ...

[uffg skbssb`nh s` n` stgtb bn pgrtbk` fgrh shntbtb gnkmh b thsth Wug

f7

g h Kr`khttb.

Bf

prba`, ahaer` lhf K`nsbo

fb

`

lb

Gaabnbstrgzb`nh lhffg \h.Ga.k`ndhrag bn s`stgnzg quh

ff

h kmh

dur`n` fh rgob`nb

lb

kgrgtthrh hk` nàb k` kmh bnlusshr` bn un prba` aàhnt` fg \h.Ga gl un


20/54

pròhtt` lb

[K

Bssb`nh k`n rb dhr bahnt`

gb

vgntgoob kmh fg s`kbhté gvrheeh p`tut` k`n

sho

ub rh: bf

pròhtt` sgrheeh

sd

uagt`

lb fb

g p`k

mb

ahsb, vhnhnl` pr`sphttgt` kmh fg \hGa gvhvg lbddbk`

ft

é phr

kub fg sthssg n`n gppgrbvg bn orgl` lb rhg fbzzgrh bf pròhtt` h kmh bf pròhtt` hrg stgt` g quhf pun t`

rhg

fb

zzgt` lgf orupp`

Lb

Sb`.

[uff g

[K

B

[[

b`nh sb s`ddhrag gnkmh bf Kr`khttb ( ul 59 ohnngb` 5 798) , bf qugfh mg lbvhrsgahnth

hv bl hnzbgt` fg p`sbzb`nh gssuntg lgf ahlhsba` qugfh ahaer` lhf k`nsbo fb`

lb

gnunbnb strgzb`nh lb

\hga

\h

rga` Gaebhnth, lb lhkbsg k`ntrgrbhté

gf

pròhtt`

lb

skbssb`nh kmh g su` pgrgrh, gvrheeh

p`rtgt` gl

un

bnlhe` fbahnt` lh

ff 'g

zbhnl

g.

Ygssgnl` gl un bnquglrgahnt` pbò ohnhrgfh

lh

ffg vbkhnlg,

vb í

lg lbrh kmh bf quglr` gkkusgt`rb` [B

d`nlg suf ru`f̀ lhf Lb Sb` ( U`l`fd` )nh f pgn`rgag lhffg ohstb`nh lhb rbdb u

tb

nhf thn'bt`rb`

lh

ffg

Uhob`n

h.

Ubdhrbskh f' Bsphtt`rh Ygv`nd.

77

Lb Sb` U`l`b/õ gffrgvhrs` fh suh s`kbhté, fh abrbglb lb s`kbhté kmh ohstbvg gvhvg bf a`n`p`fb`

suffg dbfbhrg h suff` sagftbahnt` lhb rbdbutb.

77

Lb Sb` U`l`fd` `vvhr` fg Lhk` rgpprhshntgtg, qubnlb

hrg fg Lhk` kmh bnshrbtg phr sh sthssg h

phr

bf trgabth lb gftrh s`kbhté l`vh fg Lhk` pgrthkbpgvg

qubnlb ohstbvg quhs tg gttbvbté su tutt` bf thrrbt`rb` geruzzhsh. Dgkkb` rbdhrbahnt` pgrtbk`fgrh g kmh bn

quhf phrb`l` fg Lhk` ohstbvg bf Orupp` Lhk`, phrgftr` í ung k`ntr`ffgtg lb ung M`flbno déabfbgrh

fg

Uha

s.p

.g.

kmh

í

ohstbtg shaprh lgf nukfh`dkuf7bfbgrh lhb Lb Sb`, phrkhntugfh lb Lb Sb` U`l`fd`,

Lb Sb` Dhrnbngnl` h Lb Sb` .... h fh gftrh qu`th rhs blugfb s`n` bn kgp` gffh a` o fb. Bf Lb Sb`

gff'hp`kg ohstbvg, gvhvg bf k`ntr`ff` lhffh prbn kbpgfb lbskgrbkmh qub bn Geruzz`, gff'hp`kg hrgn`

qugf/r` .... .qubnlb Khrrgtbng gf/rgvhrs`

fg

Hk`fòbkg [gnor`, shaprh ung pgrthkbpgtg Lhk` kmh í

fg

pbò orgnlh lbskgrbkg l'Geruzz`, gff'hp`kg k'hrg gnkmh K` ffhkhsh, tutt`rg, phrõ òob í kmbus`, ohstbtg

quhs tg lgffg Lhk`, ohstbvg

fg

lbskgrbkg lb \hrga` gffrgvhrs`

fg

s`kbhté, phr bf trgabth lhffg s`kbhté


21/54

[òohsh [.p.g. h bndbnh lbrhffgahnth

fg

lbskgrbkg lb Kgs`nb, N`tgrhsk`, kmbhl` skusg Gvv`kgt`,

N` tgrhsk` ....

Bf Ygv`n h `f trh g prhk bsgrh bf làbn b` lh f orupp` Lb Sb` suffh qu gttr` lb

skgr

bkmh geruzzhsb lb

K` ff hkhsh,

Kh

rrgtbng,

Kgs`

nb h N` tgrhsk`, mg gnkmh kmbg

rb

t` kmh bf Thntur` nb hrg gff 'h p

`kg

lhb dgttb

Yrhsblhnth lhff g

\hg

a ( kbõ lgf 5998 ) h kmh sgrheeh stgt` nàbn gt` k`nsbo

fb

hrh r

ho

b̀ ngfh nh ff h

hf

hz

b`nb thnut

hs

b g l bkhaerh 599=.

Bf

ths th l 'g

kk

usg í stgt`

sh

ntb t` gnkmh suffg ngturg h fg kàp`sbzb`nh lh ff g \hga.

Y.A

.3

...... Wugf í h qugf hrg f

'òoh

tt` lb quhs tg s`kbhté, l b kmh k`sg s b

`kk

upgvg0 \hsth3 F'òohff`

hrg quhff` lb ohstbrh tuffb b shrvbzb aunbkbpgfb lhf K` aunh lb \hrga`, trg kub k'hrg h rbhntrgvg trg

quhs th dgsb gnkmh quhff` lhffg ohstb`nh lhb shrvbz b, fg ohstb`nh kmh BKB, gddhrbvg gff'gttbvbté lhff`

sagftbahnt`, lhf rgkk`ft` h sagftbahnt` lhb rbdbutb bn tuffh fh suh cítsb, qubnlb gnkmh .. k`stbtubtg

gXrgvhrs` bf K` aunh lb \hrga` nhffg absurg


22/54

[b rg

aa

hntg g ff`rg gnzbtutt` kmh fg

s`k

bhté \hga ngskhvg qugfh

s`kbhté

phr gzb`nb g kgpbtgfh abst`

k`stbtubtg

phr

dbngfbté lb ohstb

`nh

lhb shrvbzb pueefbkb aunbkbpg

fb

nhb fbabtb k`nshntbtb lgffg

f

ho

bsfgzb`nh.

F'g.¿t 55 lhff g fhooh =/4/29

7


23/54

k`ntrbeut` kmh lg hssh n kgvg fg rhg

fb

zzgzb`nh lh

ff

h dbngfbté pueefb kbstb kmh puõ hsshrh

bnlbddhrhnthahnth d`rnbt` k`n gftrb rbahlb struahntgfb , s`stbtutb vb lhffg prhs

tg

zb`nh phrs`ngfh).

Yhrtgnt`, fg ngturg

pr

httgahnth prbvgtb s

tb

kg lh

ff

g s`k bhté n`n hskfulh fg p`ssbebfbté lb k`ndbourgrh fg

qugfbdbkg lb pueefb k` uddb kbgfh ` lb bnkg

rb

kgt` lb pueefbk` shrvbzb` gb s`oohttb bnshrbtb nh

ff

g strutturg

`rognbzzgtbvg h fgv`rgtbvg.

\gfh qugfbdb kg í k`ndh

nn

gtg gnkmh fgll`vh f'hnth, phrshoug dbngfbté pueefbkmh, pur k`n o fb struahntb

prbvgtbs

tb

kb p r` prb lh ffh s`kbhté phr gzb`nb (K`rth lb Kgssgzb`nh, [hz. TB, shnthnzg ? agoob` 599


24/54

ofb struahntb prbvgtbstbkb. Fh s`kbh

té

bn mùsh mgnn` lhffg s`kbhté s`f` fg d`rag hsthrb`rh ag

k`stbtubsk`n` bn rhgfté lhffh

grtbk`fgzb`nb

lhffg pueefbkg gaabnbstrgzb`n h lg kub pràgngn` h

n`n lhb sòohtt b oburblbkb gl hssg hsthrnb h lg hssg gut` nàb . Nh k`n

sho

uh kmh ofb `rognb

lb

tg

fb

s`kbhté, gssòohttg

tb

g

vb

nk`

fb

ohrgrk

mb

kb dgkhn

tb

kgp` gffg pueefbkg gaabnbstrgzb`nh, nhppu

rh

p`ss`n` hsshrh k`ns

bl

hrgtb , g lbddhrhnzg lb qugnt` gkkglh phr ofb gaabnbstrgt`rb lh

ff

h gftrh s`kbhté g

pgrthkbpgzb`nh pueefbkg, kàh bn vhstbtb lb

un

ahr` aunus prb

vg

t`, bnhrhnth gl un rgpp`rt` l b ngturg

nho`zbgfh bnstgurg t` k`n fg ahlhsbag s`kbhté. Ofb `rognb lh

ff

h s`kbhté bn mùsh s`n` prhp`stb gl un g

strutturg k@ff' bsp`nl hnth gl

un

' grtb k`fgzb`nh bnthrng g

ff

g sthssg pueefbkg gaabnb strgzb`nh, sbkkmâ í

lg rbthnhrsb kmh hssb sbgn` phrs`ngfahnth g quhstg fhog tb lg

un

vhr` h pr`prb` rgpp`rt` lb shrvbzb`,

n`n gftrbahntb lb quhf kmh gkkglh phr b lbrbohntb prhp`stb gb shrvbzb hrògtb lbrhttgahnth

lgff'h

nth

pueefbk` .

Xn p

un

t` l'; f'bv` vh

rg

ahnth sbonb dbkgt bv` lh

ff

g oburbsprulhnzg suffg pr` efhagtbkg hsgabngtg í lgt`

lg ffg shnthnzg 59= 7=. 7; kmh gddr`ntg bf prè fhag lh ffg ngtu rg oburblbkg lh

ff

h s`kbhté gnkmh

dgkhnl` un hxursus lhffg n

`r

ag

tb

vg lb

rb d

hrbahnt`. [b rbp@fbgn` b puntb sg

fb

hntb.

[uf pbgn` fhobsfg tbv` lhvh prhahtthrsb kmh f'grt.

55

lhffg F. =.94.29 n. 7


25/54

n. 7


26/54

shoubt`, l`p` fg qu`tgzb`nh

bn

E`rsg, pgrzbgfahnth prbvgt`, pur r

hs

tgnl` lb pr`prbhté lhf K`aunh

lb \`rbn`

fg

agoob`rgnzg gss`futg lhffh gzb`nb ....

Fg

oburbsprulhnzg lhffg K`rth lb kgssgzb`nh Bfg obé prhs` bn k`nsblhrgzb`nh .... kfzh ... n`n puõ

blhntbdbkgrsb fg s`kbhté pgrthkbpgtg

K@fb

"fh baprhsh bnlustrbgfb lhofb hntb pueefbkb" .. trgttgnl`sb lb

s`kbhté lb ngturg hsshnzbgfahffdh prbvgtg nhffg qugfh f'gaabnbstrgzb`nh pueefbkg hshrkbtg b f

k`ntr`ff` hskfusbvgahnth

gtt/'Ktvhrs`

ofb struahntb lb lbrbtt` prbvgt`: l`vhnl`sb gftrhsæ hskfulhrh,

bn

agnkgnzg lb ung lbskbpfbng lhr`ogt`rbg rbsphtt` g quhffg pr`prbg lhff` skmhag s`kbhtgrb`, kmh fg

ahrg pgrthkbpgzb`nh

-

pur agoob`rbtgrbg, ag n`n t`tgfbtgrbg

-

lg pgrth lhff

'h

nth pueefbk` sbg

bl`nhg g lhthrabngrh fg ngturg lhff '`rognbsa` gttrgvhrs` kub fg ohstb`nh lhf shrvbzb` pueefbk`

vbhnh gddugtg (Kgss. 5


27/54

B[

ohstb`ngfh, bn rhfgzb`nh gffg `nhr`sbté lhff 'gttbvbté, tgnt` í vhr` kmh ofb hntb bn quhstg bp`thsb s`n`

p`stb lbngnzb gfb 'gfthrngtbvg lb gvvgfhrsb ` lb s`oohffb hk`n`abkb k`stbtubtb bn d`rag s`kbhtgrbg

pgrthkbpgtg lgofb hntb bnthrhssgtb, `ppurh lb bl`nhh baprhsh lg skhofbhrh gttrgvhrs` pueefbkg ogrg

(

k.


28/54

be

Nuffg goobunoh g quhstg bap`stgzb`nh bf rbkmbga` hddhttugt` lgffh s`kbhté rbk`rrhntb gffg lhcænbzb`nh

lb baprhsg pueefbkg gkk`ftg lgf l.fos. 75 .9


29/54

gftr` hnfh pueefbk`, bl`nhb g rglbkgrh

fg

oburbslbzb`nh lhffg K`rfh lhb k`nbb. \gfh prbnkbpb` í stgt`

gl`ttgt` lg tuf/g fg oburbsprulhnzg sukkhssbvg lhffh [hzb`nb Xnbth gnkmh bn rhfgzb`nh g s`kbhté phr

gzb`nb g pgrthkbpgzb`nh pueefbkg agoob`rb/grbg ` t`tgfbfgrbg, gnkmh sh s`tt`p`sfh g phnhtrgntb p`thrb

lb k`ntr`ff` lhff

'h

nth pueefbk` hl gnkmh sh fg sp.g. ohstbskh

un

shrvbzb` pueefbk` hsshnzbgfh

(s.

u.

?.9?.f7n. 7


30/54bo

k`nshntbtb lgffg fhooh, phr f` sv` fobahnt` hsthrngfbzzgt` lb dunzb`nb gaabnbstrg

tb

vh lb f`r` kàphthnzg,

lhv`n` `phrgrh k` n o

fb

hntb k`stbtuhntb ` pgrthkbpgntb `

gtfblgntb,

n`n p`ss`n` sv`fohrh prhstgzb`nb g dgv`rh

lb gftrb sòohttb pueefbkb ` prb vg

tb

, ní

bn

gddblgahnt`

lbrh

tt

`

ní k`n ogrg, h n`n

p`ss`n` pgrthkbpgrh

gl

gftrh s`kbhté ` hntb

gvhntb sh

lh

nhf thrrbt`rb` ngzb`ngfh. Fh s`k bhté

kmh

sv` fo`n` f'gttbvbté lb bnthrahlbgzb`nh

dbngnzbgrbg prhvbstg lgf thst` unbk` lb kub gf lhkrht` fhobs fgtbv`

B@

sh

tt

haerh 722;, n. ;=8, s`n` hsk

fu

sh lgf

lbvbht` lb pgrthkbpgzb`nh gl gftrh s`kbhté ` hntb.

Ubagnh phfbgnt` hskfus` kmh f'gkqubst` lhffh qu`th lh

ff

g \

hk

nòbf sbg bffhkbt` ( phr lhl`ttg vb`fgzb`nh

lhff'grb 7;),

bn

prhshnzg lb s`k bhté `kkupgnthsb lh

ff

` sv` fobahnt` lb shrvbzb` pueefbk` f`kgfh bn un ga ebt`

n`n s`tt`p`st` g prbvgtbvg ( bapbgnt` lb rhkup hr` rbdbutb h n`n o bé sagftbahnt ` f shk`nl` bf sbsth ag lhfbnhgt`

lgffg n`ragt bvg vbohnth. Lb tgnt` gvhvgn` k`nthzzg ofb `phrgt`

rb

lhf shtt`rh ( vhl lbkmbg rgzb`nb K mb `

lb)

h sb

tr`vg rbsk`ntr` nhffg k`nstgtgtg anlgfbté lb ohstb`nh lb gngfòmb ba pbgntb hsbsthntb.

O b̀ vg rbagrkgrh kmh gf lb fé lhff'gerògzb`nh lhf Lhkrht` U`nkmb, lg pgrth lhffg n`ragtbvg lb k

ub

gf Lfos

785/5995, rb suftg kmb gr` gf fg strhoug lhffg d@

f7fXf

gzb`nh lhff 'grb 72= Lfos 787 /5995,

rb

kmbgagnth fg

trgnsbt`rbg s`p rgvvhnb hnzg lhf prhvbohnth rhobah lb prb vgtbvg pueefbkg hskfusbvgahnth phr fg ohs tb `nh lhb

rbdbutb uregnb h gssbabfgtb gvvbgtb gff` sagftbahnt` , í rbags tg ba prhobulbkgtg f' hsk

fu

sb`nh lgffg prbvgtbvg lb

kub gff'gfb 5; B 7? 2/5995 lhff 'g ttb v bté lb rhkuphr`

[hn

zg

k`nsblhrgrh kàh obé sb í lhtt` kmh b pr`dbfb lb bff bkhbté ah

ss

b

bn

hv

bl

hnzg lgff gkkusg h obé hsgabngtb

n

`n

rhoo`n` gffh

rb

suftgtfSh bstrutt`rbh p`thnl`sb

lb

vhrsgah

nt

h rbf

hvg

rh km

h

pur k`rrh

ttg fg

rbk`

st

ru

zb`nh

dgttugfh lhffg vbkhnlg, fg kmbgvh lb fhtturg lhb dgttb rhsg lgff' gkkusg n`n

rb

suftg lhf tutt` k`nlbv bsbebfh.

gf Yhr qugnt` gttbhnh bf pròh

tt

` lb sk bs sb̀ nh, obé sb í lhtt` kmh bf thsth Kmb`l b lé ung kmbgvh lb fhtturg

lhf tutt` pfgus be bfh h rgob`nhv`fh kmh tr`vg k`nd`fb9 gnkmh nhffh lbkmbgrgzb`nb lb gftrb thstb .

ef Yhr qugnt` gttbhnh bf k` bnv`fobaknt` lhffg Lhk` nhf pròhtt`, quhsth

bn

sbnt hsb fh rbsuftgnzh

bstrutt`rbh.


31/54b ;

F bsphtt`rh Ygv`nh rbdhrbskh

lh

f rbnvhnbahnt` lb hagb f lg kub sb hv

bn

kh kmh Lhk`

sb

bnthrhssgvg k`n

Hntz`rog kbhf pròhtt` lb eb`hssbkkgzb`nh dbn

lgf

5998.

Gff`rg n`b tr`vbga` un prba` rbdhrbahnt` suff` stulb`, suffg pròhttgzb`nh lb quhs t`

bapbgnt` o

bé

lgffg lgtg lhf 59

98,

quhst`

lb

shou

bt

` gl ung phrqubsbzb`nh kmh geebga`.dkfff`

pr

hss`

fg

Lhk` [p.g. \r`vbga` quhs

tg

hagbf shaprh trg ung s`kbhté Hf7z`rog h Nbk` fg

Ebgnk` kmh hrg un cbff7zb`ngrb` lhffg Lhk`, su qugfh hagbf kb s`n` lhb rbdhrbahntb gffg

k`struzb`nh phrfàhn` lb quhs t` bapbgnt` lb ...

.

qubnlb lbkbga` kmh lgtbga` quhst` stulb`

lb quhs tg pròhttgzb`nh dbn lgf 5998. ...

.

Fg hagbf pgrth lg Hnz`rog s.r.f.. .. Fg Hnz`rog

s.r.f. Í ung s`kbhté kmh k`strubskh ofb bapbgntb lb \AE, quhstb ba pbgntb lb trgttgahnt` ...

Wuhst` pròhff` kmh n`b gkqubsbga` sbg gffg \hga \h k kmh lgffg Lhk`, p`rtg

fg

dbrag nhf

shtthaerh lhf 5994 lhff'bnohonhrh fv/grk` Y`fbsbnb h lgff'bnohonhrh Ubkkgrl` [gegtbnb

@rg, phrõ

vb

í

lg

fhnhr prhshnth

kmh

bf thsth Ebgnk` ( ul 5/5/5978) - f'bnohonhrh kmh

gff 'hp`kg fgv`rgvg phr Lhk` kàh gss bsthnth lh ff ' bno. [gegtbnb- rbdhrbskh lb gvhr shoubt` nhf

5

994

fg pròhttgz

b`nh

lb un bapbgnt` lb \AE phr

\hrga` Gaebhnth

, sphkbdbkgnl` lb gvhr

bnt

hr

f`qubt` sh

aprh

k`n f' bn

o.

[gegtbnb h n`n k` n

Lb

Sb`. [hk`nl` b rbdhrbahntb lhf thsth,

\hrga` Gaebhnth absh g lbsp`sbzb`nh rbfbhvb t`pòrgdbkb, stulb oh` fò bkb , hkk

Bf

thsth pgrfg

gnkmh lb ?4.999 hur` rb ae` rsg

tb

g

ff

g \hga lg Lhk`: g quhstg sàag sb goobunohrheehr` bn

ung dgsh sukkhssbvg b 54. 999 hur` pgogtb g ff ' bno Y`fbsbnb. K`ndhrag bn`ftrh bf thsth

kmh du

f' bno.

\grg

skmb , pr`dhss b`nbstg bnkgrbkgt` lgf Yrhsblhnth lhf

\rbeungfh

lb \hrga` g phnzfgrh

bf

k`st` lhf vgf`rh lhf

pròh

tt`.

Hl gff`rg, p

hr qugnt`

lheeg prhnlhrsb gtt` lhf agthrbgfh bnthrh

ssg

ahnt` gf pròhtt` lb

phrs` ngfh lhffg Lhk` prbag

kmh

fg s`kbhté gvhssh un bnkgrbk` d`ragf h, sh sb k`n sblhrgn` o

fb

hfhahntb hahrohn

tb

lgffh lbkmbgrgzb`nb lhf thsth Ebgnk`, bf dgtt` kmh fg Lhk`- s`kbhté kmh

shk`

nl` qugnt` lg quhs tb spkkbdbkgt` hrg tbt`fgrh lb erhvhtt` bn agthrbg- gee bg kurgt`

fg

rhlgzb`nh

lh

f pròhtt`, spb

ko

mhrh

eeh bf rb

k`n`skbahnt` lh

ff

g pgtkrnbté lhf pròhtt` bn kgp`

gl hssg Lhk`, h bf pgogahnt` lg pgrth lb \ha \hk lhffg sàag lb hur` ?4 .9?; ,;? g tbt`f` lb


32/54b. :)

ahr` rbae`rs` lh ffg sphsh s`sthnuth lg \hga Gaebhnth [pg, bn qugnt` gppun t` lg

ff

g

lhp`sbzb`nh lhf thsth Ebgnk` sb hvbnkh, gf lb fé lhf lhl`tt` agoob`r v

gf

`rh lhf pròh

tt

`, kmh

hrg stgtg shaprh fg Lhk` g kurgrh f` sthss`.

k) Wugnt` g

ff

g lhl`ttg spr`p`rzb`nh lhf vgf`rh

rb

k`n`skbut` ( go

fb

baaèbfb òohtt` lb

k`ndhrba hnt`) nhffg ph

rb

zbg \grgskmb, vb í lg lbrh k mh fg fgahntgtg svgfutgz b`nh, purg gvg ffgtg

lgf kt lhf Ya l`tB. Lb f` rb `, n`n vbhnh lg quhs

tb

h

ddb

kgkhahnth hspfbkgtg. Bndgttb , b rbfb hvb lhf

l`tB. Lb f`rb` gppgb`n` gfqugnt` ohnh

rb

kgahnth

rb

dhrbtb gff g agnkgtg k`nsbl hrgzb`nh lhffg

pgrth thknb kg lb k

ub

purh sb kàp`nhvg bf pròhtt`. [`prgttutt`, n`n

rb

suftg gtthnlb ebfh fg

kàpgrgzb`nh, lg rbthnhrsb n`n àòhnhg, lh

ff

' bnthr` kàpfhss` baaèbfb grh òoh

tt

` lb

gkqu bs t` lg pgrth lh ffg \hga rbsphtt` g ffg qu`tg pgrth òohtt` lhf k`ndhrbahnt`.

Bn vhr`,kàh s

pb

hogt` lg ff` sthss` bsphtt`rh Ygv`nh, fg \hga gvhvg gkqub stgt` ehn 74 httg rb

lb

thrrhn` ahntrh fh p

grbb

kh ffh bnthrhssgth lgff

'`

phrgz b`nh kmh kb `kkup g s`n` tr

h.

Wugnt` gffg db ourg lhf \grgskmb, n`n vg

lb ah

ntb kgt` kmh fg nàbng lhf phrbt` hrg hddhttugtg

lg f Yrhsbl hnth l

hf

\rbeun gfh lb

\h

rga` h kmh bn ò

nb

kgs` fh bnthrkh ttgzb`nb kmh suf punt`

vhno`n`

rb

kmbgagth lgfb 'gkkusg - vhl k`nvhrsgz b`nh lb kub gf pròrhssbv` 55? Ubt 5958 bn

k

ub

Lb Sb` pgrfg lb l`vhr rhaunhrgrh

\gr

gsk

mb

suffg qugfh

rbd

hrb skh g pgo 54 lhf vh

re

gfh lb

trgsk

rb

zb`nh bf thsth Ygv`nh- n`n lb svhfgn` bn a`l` kmb gr` hl bnhqubv`k` fg trgag

bff

hkbtg

lb

shongtg lgff'gkkusg.

Gffg str

ho

ug lhb rbfb hvb lb lbrb tt` h lb

dg

tt` kàh sbn qub hsp`s

tb

vbhnh ahn nh

ff

g sug òohtt bvbté bf

pr`

dbf

` lb

bff

ho bttbabté rhfgtbv` g

ff

g v`fturgzb`nk lh

ff 'g ut

`

rb

zzgzb`nh lh

ff

' bapbgnt` lb \AE (

eb `hssbkkgt`rh ), kmh lg

ff

g \hga pgssgvg g \hga \hk shnzg pr`khlurg lb ogrg.

Lunquh sb

puõ d`nlg tgahnth rbthnhrh kmh ofb hfhahntb lb kgrgtthrh s`sphtt` k`stbtubtb lg ffh hagbf h

lgf k`nthnu

t`

lh

ff

h bnthrkhttgz b` nb

(k`

ah rbkm bg agth lgo fb

bs

phtt`rb Ygv`nh h N`

ra

b, trg fh qug

fb

sb

puõ k

bt

grh phrkmâ haefhag

tb

kg fg k`nvhrsgz b`nh rhobstrgtg bf 59 n`vhae

rh

lkb 5992, prò. 7


33/54

22 rbkm bgagtg g pgo ;= lhf vhregfh lb trg[KBb zb`nh lhffg lhp`sbzb`nh lhf Ygv` nh bn lgtg 55/


34/54

gobt` ( shaprh bn

rh

fgzb`nh g

ff

'g kqubst` lh

ff

h qu`th lh

ff

g \hknòyf ) shnzg gvhrnh gvut` agnlgt`

lgf K`nsbo

fb

` lb gaa bnbstrgzb`nh.

KGY@

L

G

ff

g strhoug lhffh k`nsblh

rg

zb`nb lb lbrbtt` lb kgrgtthrh ohnhrgfh sv bfuppgth bn `rlbnh gf kgp` g),

s'

bap`nh fg vg futgzb`nh lb bnsussbsthnzg gnkmh lhf rhgt` lb kub gff ';7b ;5; kp qugf k`nthstgt`

gf

kgp`

l) lh

ff

g ruerbkg.

Bn dgttb f'geus` kàh k`nthstgt` gf kgp` l) rbkmbgag b pr`dbfb

lb

bff hobttba bté

lb

kub g

ff

g k`nthstgzb`nh

lb

phkufgt`.

@rg, g prhsk bnlhrh lgb lueeb bnhrhntb fg lhl`ttg b

ff

hobttbabté lb gt

tb

bnhrhntb fg \hga \hrga`

Gaebhnth obé hsgab ngtb bn rhfgzb`nh gf prhkhlhnth kgp` l'baputgzb`nh, vb í lg rbf hvg rh kmh qub

vbhnh k`nthstgt` f'geus` k`n rbdhrbahnt` g lhfbehrg gss untg lgffg \hga thk [pg, s`kbhté lb ngturg

prbvgtg, phr kub lhvh hskfulhrsb bn rglbkh fg sussuabebfbté lhffg lhfbehrg bn gtt` lb pueefb k` uddbkbgfh.

Bn s`stgnzg, vg rbagrkgtg f' bn k`ndhrhnzg lhffg k`nthstgzb`nh lh

ff

g vb`fgzb`nh lhff g n`ragtbvg

lhff'gddblgahnt` bn mùsh k`n sphkbdbk` rbdhrbahnt` g

ff

'bnlhebtg gppfbkgzb`nh lhff 'g

fb

? [tgtut`,

p`s

t`

kmh f'gtt` nhf qugfh vbhnh sussun

t`

f'geus`, shk`nl`

bf

kgp` l

'gkk

usg, sgrheeh k`stbtu bt` lg

ff

g

lhfbehrg lhf 74/;/5992 hahssg lg

ff

g \hga \hk [pg, sòohtt` su ff g k

ub

ngturg prbvgtbstbkg n`n puõ

hsshrvb gfkun lueeb`.

KGY@ L Ebs

K`n fg k`nthstgzb`nh lhf rhgt` lb kub gfb' grt ;8; k` 5 sb gssua h kmh sgrheeh stgtg turegtg ogrg

l

'gppg

ft` bnthrvhnhnl` drgul`fhnthahnth suf l`kuahnt` k`nthnhnth f'`ddhrtg Yròhr3 nhff` sthss`,

s`tt`skfbtt` lg

ff

'

bn

o Fàegrlb,

bf

prhzz` prhvhntbvgt` phr k`nt` lhffg Yròhr sgrheeh stgt`


35/54

guahntgt` , gffg strhoug lb bnthsh bnthrvhnuth trg

bf

Lb Sb` U`l`fd`,

bf

Thntur`nb hl

bf

Drgnkhskmbnb ,

phr p`thr dgv`rbrh f' gttrbeuzb`nh g Lhk` lh

ff

' bn kgrbk` pròhttugfh lhf thnn ` vgf`rbzzgt`rh.

Heehnh, fh rb suftgnzh pr`khlb ahntg

fb

bnlbkgn` bn a`l` a`ft` kmbgr` fg bnsussbsthnzg lhf rhgt` lb

kub gff'ab ;8; kp.

Wuhstg fg rbk`struzb`nh lhb dgttb k`nshntbtg lgffh

rb

suftgnzh bstrutt@tb

h.

Ubdhrb skh

bf

thsth Agrk` Fàegrlb ( ulbhnzg 59/ 7759 78 ) lb gvhr fgv`rgt` k`n f'b nohonhr

Drgnkhskmbnb phr Yròhr

(qug

fh Lbrhtt`rh pròhttugf

h)

h kmh nhff ' gaebt` lb quhstg gttbvbté ho fb shpph

lgf Drgnkhskmbnb kmh vb sgrheeh stg

tg un

g rbkmbhstg lb k`

ff

ge`rgrh k`n

bf or

upp`

Lb

Sb` nhff

'g

aebt`

lh

ff

g rhgfbzzgzb`nh lb un bapbgnt` lb eb`hssbkkgzb`nh, nhf shns` kmh gvrheehr` rbkhvut` ung

rbkmbhstg lb `ddhfbg phr quhsth gttbvbté lb shrvbzb lb bn ohonhrbg. Bf thsth gssuah kmh du prhlbsp`st` hl

bnvb gt` gffg Lhk` su bnlbkgzb`nh lhf Drgnkhskmbnb ( 'k'í Lb Sb` kmh kb mg rbkmbhst` lb dgrh un '`ddhfbg

g \hath

k') bf

prhvhntbv` lhf pròhtt` lb bapbgnt` lb eb`hssbkkgz b`nh- phr fg s`fg pgrth

bnohonhfbstb63g-

p",r

un'`ddhrtg pgrb gl hur` 7.4=


36/54

lbvhrsh thfhd`ngth bnth

rkhttgth)

h, lg b rbdhrbahntb

k`n

thnutb bn gfkunh bnthrkhttgzb`nb (vhl pgo


37/54

kmh hvhntugfb bffhob ttbabté rb sk`ntrge bfb nhf phrk`rs` nho`zbgfh bntrgprhs` - pur rbfhvgn

tb

suf

pb gn` gaabnbstrgtbv`, tgnt` lg p`thr bn vgfblgrh f'gkk`rl` stbpufgt` - n`n s`n` bl`nhh gl

bnthorgrh o fb hstrhab lhf rhgt` bn quhstb`nh. Nhf kgs` kmh kb `kkupg n`n vb í stgtg gfkun g ogrg,

p`st` kmh, kàh kàpr`vgt` gnkmh lgf k`nthnut` lhffg lhfbehrg lhffg qugfh sb

lb

skuth, [B

rbkmbgagvg bf prhvhntbv` lhffg Yròhr qu gfh

rb

suftgnzg lb ung ahrg rbkhrkg lb ahrkgt`.

Lhf rhst` sbga` nhff 'gaebt` lb gttrbeuzb`nb lb bnkg

rb

kmb lb sp`stb lg pgrth lb ung s`k bhté prbvg

tg

Kgp` H

F'

hsgah

lb baputgzb`nh phr bstbogzb`nh gffg

k@t\

uzb`nh k`nthstgtg gb

Lb

Sb` hl gf Thnt

ur

`nb

hs boh gfkun h prhahssh bn punt` lb lbrbtt`.

Fg lb sp`sbzb`nh n`nngtbvg rhf gtbvg gffg k`rruzb`nh lhttg 'Kmbunquh

`dd

rh ` pràhtth lhngr`

`l gftrg utbfbté n`n l`vutb gl un pueefbk` uddbkbgfh ` gl un bnkgrb kgt` lb un pueefbk` shrv bzb`

phr f'hshrkbzb` lhffh suh dunzb`nb ` lhb su`b p`thrb , sòobgkh, qugf`rg

f'

`ddhrtg ` fg pràhssg

n`n sbg gkkhttgtg , gffg phng stgebfbtg nhf prba` k`nung lhff 'grt . ; 7=, rbl`ttg

lb

un thrz`.

[h f'`ddh

f7

g ` fg pràhssg í dgttg phr bnluf\h

un

pueefbk` uddbkbgfh ` un bnkgrbkgt`

lb

un

pueefbk` shrvbzb` g àhtthrh ` g rbtgrlgrh un gtt` lhf su` uddbkb`, `vvhr` g dgrh un gtt`

k`ntrgrb` ;7 [X@B l`vhrb , bf k` fphv`fh sòobg kh , qugf`rg f'`ddhrtg ` fg pràhssg n`n [7;

gkkhttgtg,

gffg

phng stgebfbtg

nhff'grt.

;72, rbl`ttg lb

un thrz`.

Fg phng lb k

ub

gf prba` kàa g s b gppfb kg gf pueefbk` uddbkbgfh ` gff'bnkgrbkgt` lb un pueefbk`

shrv bzb` kmh s`ffhkbtg ung

pràh

ssg ` lgzb`nh lb lhngr` ` g ftrg utbfbté pkr f'hshrkbzb` lhffh suh

dunzb`n b ` lhb [Fb@B

p`thrb

Fg phng lb kub gf shk`nl` kàa g sb gpp fbkg gf pueefbk` uddbkbgfh ` gf f'b nkgrbkgt` lb un

pueefbk` shrvbzb` kmh s`

ff

hkbtg

un

g pràhssg ` lgzb`nh lb lhngr` gl gftrg utbfbté lg un

prbvgt` phr fh dbngfbté bnlbkgth lgff'grt. ; 7

2.


38/545 4

Nh

ff

g sphkbh fg k`n thstgz b`nh rbougrlg fg k`nl`ttg gttrgvhrs` fg qugfh sb khrkgvg lb gttugrh fg

shk`nlg pgrth lhf pbg n` krbabn`s` v`ft` g a`n`p`fbzzgrh

bf

sbsthag lb rgkk`ftg lhb rbdbu

tb

bn

gaebt` rhob`ngfh, k`n rbdhrbahnt` gffg rhgfbzzgzb`nh lb bnkhnhrbt`rh. Fg fòbkg

rb

sufthrheeh

geegstgnzg k

mb

grg

bn

qugnt`

bf

KLU, kmh í

bf

pr`l`tt` dbngfh lhffg eb`hssbkkgzb`nh, mg kàh

v`kgzb`nh f' gfbahntgzb`nh lho fb bn khnhrbt`

rb

.

Bn

s`stgnzg, shk`nl` f' gkkusg, f'gttugzb`nh lb quhstg shk`nlg pgrth lhf pbgn` sgrheeh

pgssgtg prbag lb tutt` gttrgvhrs` ung abrgtg rbkhrkg lb pgrthngrbgt`, kmh kgllh suff g Hk`lhk`

lb A

bf

gn`, fhglhr nhf shtt`rh lhff` sagftbahnt` h trgttgahnt` lhb rbdbutb , bn p`sshss` lhf

erhvhttb h lh f jn`w m`w nhkhssgrb. Fg Hk`lhk` hrg pr`prbhtgrbg lhf erhvhtt` phr bf

eb`hssbkkgt`rh tgnt` lg hsshrh bn kgusg k`n fg Hnts`rog h k`n fg

LHK@

phr f'gkkhfbgahnt`

lhffg pr`prbhté bnlustrbgfh, kàh pgkbdbkgahnth hahroh lgff ' bstrutt`

rb g.

[u quhst'uftba` groàhnt` sb s`ddh

ra

g

bf

\hs th Abnhttb ( ulbhnzg 59 ohnngb` )

bf

qugfh

rbdhrbskh lhffg gttbvbté lb k`nk`rrhnzg sfhg fh kmh sgrheeh stgtg p`stg bn hsshrh lgffg LHK@,

pgrfg lb trgvgs` lb jn`w m`w lg

ff

g sug lbttg ( Hnts`rog gppunt` )kmh gvhvg un erhvhtt` phr fg

rhgfb

zzgz

b`nh lb un bapbgnt` lb eb`hss bkkgzb`nh ( ne pgo =;).

Bf

thsth pg

rf

g gnkmh lhb

rgpp@fbb k` f Thrkhsh h qubnlb k`ndhrag kmh gl un khf

b`

punt` fg Lhk` dgkhvg d@f7f7g fh

rbkmbhstg lb ung pgrth lhf Jn`w n`w , kmh g su` lbrh fub rbdbutõ bn qugnt` f`r` hrgn` ge btug

tb

gf

sbsthnfX

k

mbg

vb bn

ff7gn` .

Bn

ò

nb kgs`, gnkmh g fhoohrh fh lb k

mb

grgz b`

nb

s

uf

punt` lhf Thrkhsb ( bf Thrkhs b-shk`nl`

qugnt` spbhogt` gnkmh lgff ' Bsphtt`rh Ygv`nh hrg dgkt`t

ua

-pr`kgkkbgt`rh lh

ff

g Hk`Lhk` )

rhsh g

ff

' ulbhnzg lhf 59/


39/54

5.

7

[hk`nl ` fg rbk`struzb`nh lh

ff

'gkkus

g,

qugf hspfbkgtg lgff ' Bsphtt`rh Ygv`nh, bn rhgfté

bf

Lb S b`

(phr

Lhk` ) k`n f'gppòob` lhf Thntur`nb khrkgvg

lb

bap`rrh g ffg Hk` Lhk` fg khssb`nh lhf

Jn`w m`w pràhtthnl`fh bn kgaeb` lb dgrfg hntrgrh bn un shk`nl` thap` nhff ' gddgrh lhf

thnn`vgf`rbzzgt`rh. [hk`nl` f' Bsphtt`rh a`ft` kmbgr` sgrheeh

bf

k`nthn

ut

` lhffg hag

bf

lhf ?

fu ofb` 599= ( bnsbhah gl gftrh hagb f pr`l`ttg nhf dgfl`nh n f lhf Yueefbk` Abnb sthr`,

gffhogt` 4 h gffhogt` sue 2 lhofb gttb lhf \rbeungfh) agnlgtg

gf

Thrkhsb lg kub sb

hvblhnzbhrheeh f

b

nthnlbahnt` lhf Lb Sb`

lb

k`strubrh un bnkhnhrbt`rh.

H'stgt` hvblhnzbgt̀ lgff 'gkkusg (vhl pgo 42 lh ff g trgskrbzb`nh rhfgtbvg gffg lhp`sbzb`nh lhf

Ygv`nh)

kmh

bn

`kkgsb`nh lb phrqubsbzb`nh g kgrbk`

lb

Lh Fukg Ob`rlgn` vhnbvg tr`vgt`

un

l`kuahnt` lg kub sb hvbnkhvg

fg

spgrtbzb`nh lb qu`th ( pgo ?5 ): fh bn vhstbogzb`nb lgvgn`

gnkmh rb sk`ntr` lhffg rbkhrkg lhf sbt` bn kub

gf

f`kgrh f b nkhnhrbt`rh

(pgo

?< ).

Bf Ygv`nh sb í gnkmh s`ddhragt` su ffh bnthrkhttgzb`nb kmh lbsvhfhrheehr` quhst` pbgn` hl bn

pgrtbk`fgrh f' bnthnt` lhf Lb S

b` lb

rhgfb zzgrh bf pròhtt` lhff ' bnkhnhrbt`rh shnzg ogrg. Thl bn

pgftbk`fgrh thfhd`ngtg bn lgtg

Bf

agoob` 5992, lb kub gf pròrhss bv` ;529 suf U.bt 7?8/5992 ,

k` bn v` fohnth f` sthss` gaabnbstrgt`rh lhfhogt` lhffg Hk`lhk` kmh kmbhlh gf su` thknbk`

Thrkhsb,

( shk`nl` b rbkmbgab lhff ' Bsphtt`rh

)kmh rbk`rl` kmh fub

í

bf phr f'Geruzz

`,

qubnlb

í

fub kmh mg

b

k`ff`qub k`n Thntur`nb h Lb Sb` ,

bn

kub [pgrgkbn` Abkmhfh rbv`fohnl`sb

gf /fhrkhsb3 "f` krhl` kmh kmbunquh vòfbgdíff'h

unt

hra`vgf`rbzzgt`rh lb rbdbutb uregnb lheeg

./érh ung ogrg pueefbkg, n`n

í

kmh p`ssbga` gnlgrh

fæ

g lbrh

f`cé

kk

b` b`.

Gff`rg ab kmbhlh

v`

bn

kmh thrabnb

kb

kmbhl`n` bf n`str` bnthrhssh gl un'bnbzbgtbvg lhf ohnhrh0

Ab

spbhobfb ahofb`

kmh k`sg vu`b lbrh

sh

sbga` bnthrhssgtb0"

Ugaahntg gnk`rg f' bsphtt`rh Ygv`nh fg rb sp`stg lb Thrkhsb "Hkk`, f`r` lbk`n` kmh sgrheeh,

kàh lbrh, p`ssbebfh lg pgrth f`r` hsgabngrh ung pr`p`stg kmh vhnbssh gppunt` lg sòoh dfb

qugfbdbkgtb, agogrb bn rhoba h lb pr`p`s tg lb pr`c hkt dbngn kbno". (Y.A.3 H [pglgkbn `)3

[pglgkbn` rbdhrbskh gnk`rg n`n k`nthnt` lhffg rbsp`stg3 "Ag ebsòng shaprh díff'h fg ogrg,

n`n

í

kmh p`ssbga` dg rh .. ". Wubnlb g qugnt` punt` bf Thrkhsbdbnbskh fg k`n vhrsgzb`nh h lé


40/54

ung sug vhrsb`nh lhb dgffb3 "Lbkbga` kmh kb p`ss`n` hsshrh gnkmh d`rah,

gl

hshapb` kmh

f'Gaabnbstrg zb`nh pueefbkg lbkbga` rhlbog un pròhtt` hl ung og rg gl m`k phr quhstg k`sg

qub.

Bn

fbnhg lb prò? k

fc

Cb` vhlrheehr` ehnh ung pr`p`stg lg sòohtfb lb kbga` gut`rhv`fb",

gut`rhv`fb qugfb hrgn` f`r`, `vvhr` Hk`lhk`.

Bn s`stgn zg lgffh

lbkmbgr

gz b`

nb

rbp`tbgth lgff` sthss` bsphtt`rh hahroh

kmh

f` [pglgk

bn

` ( bf

f

hog

fh rgppr

hshnt

gnth lb Hk`lhk` ) gvhvg

eh

nh k

mb

gr`

fg

lbddbk`

ft

é k mh un pròhtt` lhf

oh

nhrh

p` t

hssh

hsshrh gddblgt` shnzg ogr

g.

Lbrbahntb g dgr fukh suffg quhstb`nh fh lbk

mb

grgzb`

nb

thstba`

nb

gb lb Abkmhfh [pglgkbn` ( ul

5/75), `vvhr` k`fub kmh pr`vh

nb

vg lgffg s`kbhté bn k

ub

í p`b k`ndfubtg Hk`lhk` , kmh vgntgvg

un sbsth

ag

bnn`vgtbv` nhff' bnkhnhrbahn t` lb rbdbutb k`n un

erh

vhtt`

phr

fg

eb`h

ss bkkgz b`nh3

Hk`lhk` hrg bnthrhssgtg . bf Thntur`nb ...Gsshss`rh ... gffg [gnbté .. ,prhshnth gnkmh ... Lb Sb` kb

dbf tuttg ung lbskussb`n.h ... suffg p`ssbebfbté lb gvvbgrh ung bnbzbgtbvg kàunh phr

fg

rhfgbzzgzb`nh lb un bapbgnt` phr

fg

fhra`vgf`rbzzgzb`nh, kb`í un d`rn` lb sf?7gftbf?fhnt` lb

rbdbutb uregn b, gttrgvhrs` kàeustb`nh h rhkuphr` lb hnhrobg ...

Bn prgtb kg vb du gnz btutt` f'` ddh rtg lb rhgfb zzgrh un bapbgnt` phr fg pr`luzb`nh lb K LU kmh

sgrheeh ngt` bn \hrga` ag gnkm h phr f'hshrkbzb` lhofb bapbgn

tb

lb KLU, kmh hrg fg

t

hk

n`fò bg k` ffgthrgf h g quhffg

lh ff

g eb`hss bkkgzb`n

h. Zn

s`stgn

zg

bf K

LU

hrg bf jn`w m`w

sphkbdbk` lb Hk`

Lhk`

: fg thra`vgf

`fbzzg

zb`nh

(d`rnb

lb bnkhnhrbahnt`) n`n

rb

hntrgvg bnvhkh

nh

ff

g thkn`fòbg Hk` Lhk`.

[

uf

tbp` lb k` ffge`rgzb`nh kmh sb

pr`sph

ttõ bf thsth í gfqugnt`

ohnh

n k`, gnk

mh

sh

Y@t

rgaahntg kmh g su`

thap`

rbdhræ kmh sb sgrheeh pgrfgt` lhff g k`stbtuzb`nh lb un '

G\

B. Lb

kh

gnkmh kmh sb pg rf õ lhf prèfhag lh

ff

g skg rsg gtt ugzb`nh lb rgkk`ftg lbdd

hrh

nzbgtg: du lhtt`

kmh

kb p`thvg hsshrh f' bnthrhssg

ahnt`

lg pgrth

lh

ffg

p`

fbt bkg r

ho

b`ngfh p

hr

a`lb

db

kgrh fg

fhooh . O

fb

vbhnh k`nthstgt` ( pgo 72) kmh g

su` thap`

gvrheeh f'b

dh

rbt` kmh ofb bntkrf

`k

u

t`

rb

lg vg n` fg sbkurhzzg lb p`thr hfulhrh bf sbsthag lb hvblhnzg pueefb kg. G quhst` punt` bf thsth

lbkh lb n`n rb k`rlgrh,

ag

p`b k`ndhrag fg kb rk`stgnzg ( vhl pgo

59

55 5;

).

Ho

fb

kàunquh fg


41/54

vg

fu

tõ sueb t` k`ah un' bnbzbgtb vg gss`futgahnth k`apfbkgtg vbst` kmh sb l`vhvg kgaebgrh un g

n`rag.

Bf

thsth rbdhrbskh gftrhsæ

lb

ung pr`p`stg g

ft

hrngtbvg

lb

Hk` Lhk` kmh sb egsgvg suff `

sd

ruttgahnt` lhffg khntrgfh hfhttrbkg lb Obssb : pr`p`stg p`k` `nhr`sg gffg qugfh K

mb

`

lb

n`n

gvrheeh agnbdhstgt` or

gnlh

bnthrhssh. Yr

hk

bsg gnkmh kmh kb dur`n` vg

rb

bnk`ntrb h kmh fub

kmb græ kmh p`thvg dg rh un '`ddhrtg phr fg eb`hsssbkkgzb`nh h Klr s`f` kmb gvb bn agn`. N`n kb

du gfkun shoub t`.

H'bap`

rtgnth s`tt`fbnhgrh kmh bf ths th rbdhrbskh lb gvhr vgfutgt` fg agnkgnzg

lb shr bhté lhf

f'`ddh

t7g, kmh s b lhsuahvg lg

ff

h pr`p`sth lhf Lb Sb`, nhkhssb tgntb

bf

suphrgahnt`

lb ung fhooh.

Hl

gnk`rg, stgnl` gffh lbkmbgrgzb`nb lb Thrkhsb Gnt`n b` (rhsh gff'ulbhnzg lhf 59/


42/54C '@

Uhputg bf trbeungfh kmh fg dgttbsphkbh gppgrh lueebgahnth pr` vgtg gnkmh g

ff

g strhoug lhffh sths

sh

bnthrkhttgzb`nb thfhd`nbkmh

kmh

n`n

shaergn`

lgrh bf quglr` khrt` lb un ' bp`ths b k`rruttbvg.

Kbõ bn rhfgzb`nh gnzbtutt` gb thrabnb k` nkrhtb lhff ' gppr`kkb` h lhf a`l` lb bnthrf `qubrh trg

bf

Lb Sb`

hl bf Thrkhsb , lg kub sh

aerg

pbutt`st` kmh bf

Lb

Sb` pr`p`nog gkk`rlb s`kbhtg

rb

g

ff

g k` ntr`pgrth, kmh

phrgftr` g sug v` ftg

gee`zzgvg

lhff h k`ntr`pr`p`sth ( vhl

nhkhss

bté pr`s phttgtg lb lgrh tutt` bf

sbsthag kmbg vb bn agn`) . Yhrgftr`, bn tgfh sbtu

gz

b`nh, bf Thntur`nb nhppurh rb sufthrheeh- lgf thn`rh lb

gfkunh k`nvhrsgzb̀ nb- gff bnhg t` suffh ahlhsbah p`s bzb`nb lhf Lb Sb` .

Thlgsb v`B

Bf

lh

ff

g

ph

fb zbg lb trgs

kr

bz b̀ nh pgo =8 h s

ho

`

Bn

pgrtbk`fgrk g

pgo

27

/25.

Thrkh

sb 3 n`b

g

nlr

ha` gl `ddrbrh fh k` sh kmh rbthnbga`

`pp`rtun`

...kmh bf

or

upp` Hk`lhk` thnlh g

pr`p`rrh

pgo

25

Thlgsb gnk`rg pgo 755 lhf v` fua h BB. Bf Lb S b` pgrf g g Thrkhsb bn

a`l`

gfqugnt` hspfbkbt` .. . b` n

`n

m` p bò g dg rh kmbgkkmbhrh ... b s`kb prb vgt b n`n kh nh sgrgnn` gftrb .... .. stgagttbng kb stg fg

k`ndhrhnzg

( n e

th fhd`ngtg

lh

f 8

go`st`

5992) .. .Bg lbskgrbkg í n`strg

...

bf

thB7f7

9 . ..

k`

ah

[B

kmbg

ag

.

7bapbgnt`

lb trgttgahnt` í n`s tr`

... k'

m` lg fgv`rgrkb s`

pr

g phr

kmâ

b` st` kh rkgnl` lb

gkkhntrgr

h pbò rbdbutb p

`ss

bebfb

...

s

bkkàh

í un bapbgnt` prb

vg

t` .. .lb rhkuphr` .. . f

KL

U

ah

f`

ohstb

sk`

b` l`vh

vò

fb` .. .

Bg

p`fbtbkg puõ dgrh mftt` ( fg bnsbsthn

zg

í kmb grg ag sb kàpr

hnlh gnk

mh

kmh

bf Lb Sb` phrkhpb skg f' gddgrh k` ah

ung

quhstb`nh lb kg rgtthrh prbvgt` nh

ff

g kub

ohst

b`nh p`ss`n`

rb suftgrh prhzb`sb o fb gppòob p`fbtb kb ).

G pgo 78 7 sb rbp`rtgn` fh bnth

rf

`kuzb`nb bnthrkhttgth bn gaeb hntg fh shap rh trg Thntur`nb h Lb Sb`: sb

pgrfg l

unquh lb khntrgfh g ogs: Gnt`nb` Thrkhsb lé lh

ff

h spbhogzb`nb thk nb kmh/: g pgo 782 p`b

Thrkhsb pgrfg lb Obssb, h

Lb

Sb` pgrf g lb Kbtté [gnt' Gn

oh

f`.


43/54

Ygo =8 v`fuah 2 nh

ff

h bnth

rf `k

uzb`

nb

( g obu on` 5992 ) trg Thrkhs b, [pgrgk bn`,

Lb

Sb̀ sb pgrfg lb

gkk`rlb vgrb. Gffh pgo 28 24 bn kub sb pgrfg lb pbgn` rhob`ngfh, lb phrkhntugf h lb rgkk`ftg

lbddhrhnzbgtg h Lb Sb` lbkh kmh fg Uho b`nh gvrheeh ge egssgt` fg phrkhntugfh.

Ygo 7


44/54; 5

Hee hnh, gng

fb

zzgnl` fh

baputg

zb` nb , h

ahr

oh fg ohnhrbkbté

lh

ffg k`n ths tgzb`nh fgll

`vh

sb dé

rbd

h

tbahnt

` g n`n a

ho

fb` sp

hk

bdbkg th

pràh

ssh lb dbn gnzbgahntb lg pgrth lhb Lb Sb` vh rs`

bf

Th

ntur`nb (hl bf

\g

n

krh

lb ) dbn g

fb

z

zgth

g rg

dd

`rzg rh fg f`r` p`s bzb` nh l b

p`th

rh h l b pr

hs tb

ob` h

fgl l

`vh

sb

pg rf

g lb l

gz

b` nb lb lhngr` bn k` ntgntb phr

bap

@ttb n`n a

ho

fb

`

gkkh

t

tg

tb

.

Nh

ffg

pgrt

h bn kub f

'g

ll hebt` lh

ff

g pràhssg ` `

dd

hrtg

k`

rruttb vg rba gnh lhf tutt`

oh

nh

rb k`

- vhl `

kgp`

D k` n

hsk

fusb

v` rbd

hrba

hn

t` g

ff

g k` nthstgzb

`nh lh

b dgttb kmh sg rhe

eh

r`

gvvh

nutb bf 74/5/5

99

2

n` nkmâ g ff g pr` ahssg dgttg gf pgrf gahntgrh Lb [thdgn` lb dutur` gbut` hk`nà bk` hl hfhtt`rg fh lg

sphkbdb kgrsb v` ftg phr v`ftg, n`nkmâ kgp` O puntb

B

h


45/54

K

`nd

h

nng

quhstg kbrk`stgnzg gnkmh

bf

thsth N`nnb bn shlh lb k`nt r`hsgah,

bf

qugfh trg f'g ftr`, su

k

mb

grbahntb s` ffhk btgtb sh

apr

h lg ffg

lbd

hsg k`ndhrag f' gkkhrtgt` vhrsgahnt` lb hur` 59.999 h

dd

httugt`

bf

5= agoob` bn dgv`rh lhf kgnlblgt` \gnkrhlb, vhrsgahnt` pr`vhnb hnth lg k`nt` k@ f\ hnth lh f

orupp` p`fbtbk` ngzb`ngfh.

Hl gnk`rg, bf thsth

Lb

Dh

fb

kh mg prhkbsgt` kmh f'` n`rhv` fh Lb [thdgn`

rb

khvhtth lgf lb Sb̀ un

dbngnzbgahnt` pgrb g 59.999: bn

`o nb

kgs`

bf

YL gvrheeh rbkhvut` ?9.999 hur` lb dbngnzbgahntb lg

pgrth Lb Sb`, kmh gvrheeh dbngnzbgt`

bf

khntr` lhstrg nhff g ab surg lb


46/54

pgtth fg k`ns

bl

hrgzb`nh kmh b t`nb lhffh thfhd`ngth rbkmbgagth lgff

'gkk

usg n`n s`n` tg fb lg bnlbkgrh

bn

a`l` khrt` tgfh nhss`. [b k`ns

bl

hrb gl hshapb` fg thfhd`ngtg lhf 75/ 75/599= lb Lb Sb` U`l`fd` k`n bf

[bnlgk` lb Agzzgoròng l`vh bf prba`, l`p` gvhr rbkhvut` un g rbkmb hstg lb dbngnzbgahnt`

of

b

k

mb

hlh

phr

k`rthsbg

sh

puõ

dgrh

un

k`fp` lb thfhd`n` gf [bnlgk` lb

Fgnkbgn` suffh prèfhagtbkmh

rhfgtbvh gf K`ns`rzb` shongfgnl` kmh

bf

k`ns`rzb` hrg skglut` (

/79/7

kh fg dgkkbga` pbò stbga`

rbkhvhnl` lhfbehrh .. .kmh /7`n s`n` obusth bn qugnt` quhf k`nsbofb` n@/7 k í pbò).

Bn

pr`p`sbt` vg gnkmh prhkb sgt` kàh fh sthssh thfhd`ngth rbkmbgagth lgf thsth Ygv`nh gtt

bn

hnt b fh

hrògzb`nb hddhttugth lgf Lb Sb`( vhl vhregfh trgsk rb zb`nh

pgo

22 h

sho bn

pgtt` prò 7278 rbt

287 pgo 799

797

795 79;-) n`n mgnn` vgfhnzg prègt`rbg lh ffg suss bsthnzg lb un nhss`

k`rruttbv` k`n f' `phrgt` p`fbtbk` lhf ehnhdbkbgrb `. N`n gppgrh

lh

f rhst` qub lbrbahnth qugnt`

hahrohrheeh (Ne pgo 794 lhffg trgskrbzb`nh lhp` sbzb`nh Ygv`nb ) suf kgaebgahnt` lb

gtthoobgahnt` lhf K`rlàg, kmh l`p` f 'hrògzb`nh fbehrgfh kgaebg gppunt` p`sBzB̀ nh 777

rhfgzb`nh gb dgtt b kmh fub sthss` gvhvg lhnunkbgt`, k`b nv`fohntb fg s`kbhté Hk`haah, gnkm

'hss

g

dgkhnth kgp` g Lb Sb`, trgttgnl`sb lb un gsphtt` kmh n`n bnthrhssg lbrhttga hnth quhst`

pr`khlbahnt`.

Wugnt` g ff g quhstb`nh lhff ' gssunzb`nh lb Lb Ygsqugfh Gf7t`nb`, ohnhr` lhf shorhtgrb` lhf

[bnlgk`

lb

\hrga`, sb rbf hvg kmh f' gssunzb`nh rb suftg kg flhoobgtg gf Lb S b` lgf Thntur`nb.

Nhff'`kkgs b`nh lhffg rgkkàgnlgz b`nh dgttg thfhd`nbkgahnth, trg b luh uàbnb vb í khnn` gnkmh

g

ff

g k`n`skhnzg lhff ' gsshss`rh [tgtb lg pgtth lhf Lb Sb`, kmh f' gftr` lhdbnbskh ' ung ergvg

rgogzzg'. L`p` f ' gssunzb`nh gf Lb Sb` gn-bvhré bf rbnorgzbgahnt` lhf Ogaegk`rtg( shorhtgrb` lb

Kmb `lb) phr gvh r sbsthagt` bf ohnhr

`.

[b í lunquh nhff 'gaebt` lb skgaeb` lb dgv` rb kmh vhl`n`

gnkmh bf k` bn v`fobahnt` lb ufthrb`rb phrs`nh g kub nu ffg rbsuftg k` nthstgt`, phr kub gnk`rg ung

v`ftg gppgrh lbddbkb fh stgeb fbrh bf k` ffhogahnt` lbrhtt` lhf pgrglboag k@ B\uttb v` lhfbnhgt` nhf

kgp` l ' baputgz b`nh.


47/54

; 8

Ob`vg ufthrb `rahnth prhk bsg rh kmh f' bstrutt`rb g mg lgt` qugnt` ahn` bn pgrth k`ndhrag gff h

lhluz b`nb lb dhnsbvh rhfgtb vh gff h s`

aa

h gsshrbtgahnth bapb

ho

gth phr bf pgogahnt` lb sphsh lb

kgapgong hfhtt` rgf

h.

Thl` lbk

mb

grgzb`

nb

Lb Dhf bkh kbrkg fg lgzb

`nh

lhff g s`aa g lb 5


48/54

; O

dgtt` kmh Lr

go`

nhtt b sb tbrhrheeh bnlbhtr` suffg k`ntrgttgzb`nh . Bf thsth pgrfg phrõ lb l`pp b̀ ob`k`

lhf Lb Sb`

Dh

rngnl` bf qugf h bn gftrh thfhd`ngth dg khvg rb dhrbahnt` g pr`ròmh lg gkk`rlgrh gf YLF.

Bn pgrtbk`fgrh bf ob`rn` prbag lhf Klg lhf k`ns`rz b` kàprhn

s`r

bgfh lb Fgnkbgn`, U`l`fd` Lb Sb`

k

mb

h

lh

g Dhrlbngnl` lb n`n

gvv

bgrh f` sdæ'gtt` (kbõ

bf

52

shtthaerh 5992).

Bn òn

b kgs` f

hooh

nl` fh

pg

o 77 < 77 8 lhffg lhp`sbzb`nh Ygv`nh gfqugnt` pgf7b k`fgrhoobgtg suf

punt` hl g ff g fukh lh ff g l`k uahntgzb`nh pr`l`ttg lg ff g

lbdhsg

sb hv bnkh kmh f' gzb`nh lb sdrgtt`

vh

nb

vg bn trgprhsg h kmh kàunquh D`rzg Btgfb g pr`vvhlhvg gf pgogahnt` lhb kgn`

nb

.

Bn s`stgnzg fg k`struzb`nh gkkusgt`rbg rhfgtb vg gff ` skg aeb` k@

B\uttb

v` n`n í pr`vgtg.

Fg agnkgn

zg

lb k`ndbourgebfbté

lh

f pgrglboag

k@

B\uttb v`, vg hv blhnzbgtg gnkmh k`n

rb d

hrbahnt` gffg

rbk`s truzb`nh, qugf k`nshntb tg lgffg sv` ftg bstrutt`rb

g,

lh

ff

g vbkhnlg 'Fg A`robg ' h lhff h prhssb`nb

kmh sgrheehr` stgth hshrkbtgth gf dbnh lb `tthnhrh fg a`l bdbkg

lh

ff g fhooh rhob`ngfh s

ub

rbdbutb - k`n

f

'ge

egssgahnt` lhffh phrkhntu gfb lkb rbdbutb k`nlb zb`ngntb fg rhg fb zzgzb`nh lb bnkhnhrbt`rh.

Tb í lg lbrh kmh f'gss

hss`rh Lg

nbhfg [tgtb mg thstb a`nbgt` lb gvhr hddhttbvgahnth k`n`skb ut` bf Lb

S

b`

phrkmâ pr

hsh

ntgt`f h lgff '`n`rhv` fh Lb [thdgn` hl mg gnkmh pgrfgt` lb rbk

mb

hsth lhf pgrfgahntgrh

v`

ft

h bn

qugfkmh

a

`l`

g s`

ff

hkb tgrh fg a`lbdbkg lh

ff

h k`nlbzb`n b

phr

fg rhg

fb

zzgz

b`nh lb bn

kh

nhrbt`rh,

gss uahnl` tuttgv bg lb

gvhr

gddblgt` fg

quhstb`nh

gb thkn bkb h

prh

kbsgnl` gnkmh

kmh

bf p

rò

rg

aa

g

K

mb

`lb prhvhlhvg pr`prb` fg a`lbdbkg lhffg f

hooh

r

ho

b`ngfh s

uf punt

`.

Fg

[tg

tb

mg gnkmh prhkbsgt` lb

gvhr gvut` kàh rhdhrhnth bf

Oh

rgrlbn b, bf qugfh g sug v` ftg fh kàunbkgvg kmh gvhvg gvut`

bnlbkgzb`

nb

suffg a`l bdbkg lh

ff

g f

hooh

rhob`ngfh.

Tb í lg lbrh kmh fh prhssb`nb bnlhebth rb v`f th g

ff

g [tgtb vhno`n` hspfbkgth lgff'bsphtt`rh Ygv`nh nhf

k`rs` lhffh l bk

mb

grgzb`

nb

thstba `

nb

gbb rhsh bf 7


49/54

.; :S

@rg vb í lg lbrh tuttgvbg kmh f

'hsgah

lhf k`nthnut` lh

ff

h k`nvhrsgzb`nb gll`tth s

uf

punt`, hl bn

pgrtbk`fgrh quhffh bnthrk`rsh trg fg [tgtb hl

bf

pglrh lhffg sthssg, lg kub shaerhrheehr` bn qugfkmh

a`l` hahrohrh fh prhssb`nb suebth lgffg [tgtb, g

ff

g fu kh gnkmh lhffh lbkmbgrgzb`nb thstba`nbgb b lhffg

sthssg, n`n lgnn`

un

rbsk`ntr`

bn

hqubv`k` lhffg thsb gkkusgt`rbg.

Tb í lg thnhr k`nt` km

h,

shntbtg g fb ' ulbhnzg lhf 5775 /

59

B


50/54

Gnkmh fg [tgtb, lg pg

rt

h sug lb dhttgvg lb p`thrb nhkhssg

rb

h suddb kbhntb phr rgoobunohrh f

'`

eb httb v` phr

kub fh ' prhss b`nb' rbv`fth gffg sth ssg gnkmh gttrgvhrs` b su`b rhdhrhntb rb fhvgn` s`tt`

un

pr`dbf`

prhvgfhnthahnth p`fbtbk`.

Wuhsth

vg

futgzb`

nb

sb rgkk`rlgn` gf

pnn

k

fpf@

pgk

bdb

k` phr fg k

ub

fg ngturg pr`prbg lhf rhgt` lb

k`rruzb`nh bapfbkg kmh f'gtt` `

bf

kàp`rtgahnt` òohtt` lhf ahrkba`nb ` rb hntrb nhff g kàphthnzg

` nhffg sdhrg lb bndfuhnzg lhff ' uddbk b` gf qugfh gppgrtbhnh bf sòohtt` kmh sb gssuah K@ B\@tt@ `vvhr`

kmh sbg hsprhssb`nh lbrhttg lhffg dunzb`nh hshrkb tgtg lgf ahlhsba`.

L

'g

ftrg pgrth bn punt`

lb

lbrbtt` vg gnkmh k`nsbl hrgt` kmh bf trgddb k`

lb

bndfuhn

zh

bff hkbth í stgt` phr

fg

prbag v`ftg lhskrbtt` h sgnzb`ngt` k`n fhg fhooh 4/7 7/597 5 729. [b lhvh phrtgnt` hsk fulhrh fg

sussuabebfbté lhffg k`nl`ttg

lb

kmh trgttgsb nh ffg

db

ourg lb rbfhvgnzg phngfh s`prgvvhnutg

prhsupp`nhnth hfhahntb ehn lbvhrsb lgffg skgaeb` k`rruttbv`, `vvhr` f' utbfb té kgrpbtg k`n bf prhthst`

lb l`vhr vhrsgrh

un

g sàag ` gssbkurgrh

un

vgntgoob` gf pueefbk` uddb kbgfh phr `tthnhrh kmh quhs

tb

gobskg nhf shns` lhsblhrgt`.

Tgfutgzb`nb lhf tutt` gngfòmh g quh ffh sbn qub sv`

ft

h suskbtg gnkmh f

'hs

gah lh

ff

g quhs

tb

`nh ' Fg

A`robg ' .

Bn pr`p`sbt` n`n vg gnzbtutt` s`ttgkbut` kmh fg vhrsb`nh rhsg lgffg [tg tb n`n í agb stgtg a`ft` kmb grg

nhffg K@ndhf777g lh

ff

h prhssb`nb kmh sgrheehr` stgth suff g sthssg hsh rkbtgth gf dbnh lb hsgut`rgrh bf

Yrhsblhnth lhf K`ns`rzb` fgnkbgnhsh.

[

uf

punt`

í

gnzbtutt` lg rbfhvgrh fg n`n fbnhgrh rbk`struzb`nh lhb dgttb `ddh

f7g

lgffg ahlhsbag, tgnt`

kmh nhf k`rs` lhff' hsgah lbegttbahntgfh,

bf

Ya mg s` ffhvgt` lb vhrsh k`nthstgzb`nb - vhl vhregfh

l' ulbhnzg lhf 5/5/59 78 -gnkmh k`n rb dhrbahnt` gffh rb suftgnzh lhff ' bn thrkhttgzb`nh

lb

un g thfhd`ngtg

k`f Kmb`lb lhf 74/2/5992. H ' phrgftr` hahrs` kmh lurgnth fh bnlgobnb fg [tgtb hskfulhvg lb gvhr

suebt` prhssb`

nb

h kmh phr quhf fh lbkm bgrgzb`nb vh

nb

vg

baputgtg lb dgv`rhoobgahnt`: bn shoub t`

gvrheeh rhttbdb kgt` fh pr`prbh

lb

kmb grgzb`nb. Zn ònb kgs` gnkmh nh

ff

g pgrth dbngfh lhffh lbk

mb

grgzb`nb


51/54

rhsh bn lbegttbahnt` ( vhl pgo 5< ) fg [tgtb shaerg dgr kgpbrh kmh

7Bf

s`stgnzg

bf

kfbag du lb

prh[[ b`nB.

Bn `onb kgs`, fh k`apfhssbvh

rb

suftgnzh bstrutt`r bh suffg vbkhnlg Fg A`robg s`n` tg

fb

lg n`n rhnlhrh

k`nlbvbsbebfh fg

rb

k`s truzb`nh lhf Ya lh

ff

'hsg

ut`rgahnt` lhf Fg A`robg qu gfh `

eb

httb v`

bff hkbtgahnth phrshoubt` nhff ' gaebt` lhff` skgaeb` k`rruttb v` lhskrbtt` sue d).

Tb í lg lbrh kmh f` sthss` Zsphtt`rh Ygv` nh ( vhl` ul

Z<

/


52/54

A`robg kmh f

'gkk`

rl` n`n k 'h rg gnkmh phr

qugnt`

gtt bhnh fh a`l

gf

bté k`n fh qu g

fb

sb bnthnl

hvg

gddblgrh f ' bnkg rb k`, kmh bf

Fg

A`robg rbthnhvg l` vhrsb dgrh k`n bf aht`l` lhff 'h v blhnzg pueefbkg.

Lunquh fg

quh

stb`nh

lhffh

tgrbddh h lhf eb`tunnhf vhl

hvg

n` shn

z'g

ftr` bf Fg A`robg k`ntrgpp`st` g

Lb Sb`.

Hpphrõ vg gnkmh thnut`

k`nt`

lhffg lbegttutg

pr`efhagtbkg

lhffg pr`r`ogtb ̀ lhf Fg A`robg, rhfgtbvg

bn pgrtbk`fgrh

gb

p`thrb rbk`n

`sk

bebfb gf Yrhsblhnth lhf K`ns`rzb` gb shnsb lh ffg B


53/54

Hl gnk`rg, bf thsth Drgtturg lb Hk`fòbkg [gnor` (rhsp`nsgebfh lhff 'g rhg thk

nb

kg) mg K@ ndh f7f7gt`

f'hs bsthnzg lhf prèfh

ag

lhffh tgrbddh hl hvblhnzbgt` kmh Hk`fò bkg [gnor` prhahvg phr rhgfbzzgrh

bapbgnt` lb trg ttgahnt` rbdbutb g Kh rrgtbng kàh prhv bst` bn K` nvhnzb`nh, s`ddhragnl`sb sub lbvhrsb

pròhttb pr

hsh

ntgtb lgffg Hk`f

ò

b

kg

[gnor`, kmh nàbnõ kàh thknb k` tgfh Egk , ahntrh

bf

K`

ns`rzb`

n

àbnõ

fub .

@rg, vb í ufthrb`rahnth lg prhkbsgrh

kmh

,

sh

sb fhoo`n` fh bnthrkhttgzb`nb

rbf

hvg ntb s

uf

punt` sb vh

lr

é

kmh (pgo.


54/54

Fhtt` f

'g

fb 8;9 kpp,

gss` fvh

Lb S b` Dhrlbngnl` Htt`rh h Kgrlgrh ffg Tbtt`rb` lg b rhg fb gskrbtt b phr n`n gvhr k`aahss` bf dgtt`:

gss` fvh

Thntur`nb Fgndrgnk`, Lb Sb` U`l`fd` Tgfhntbn`, Lb [thdgn` Dgerbzb` lgffh baputgzb`

nb

f`r` gskrbtth

phrkmâ b dgttb n`n sussbst`n`.

A`tbvgzb`nh nhb n`vg ntg ob`rnb.

Yh, 5

Documents

SENTENZA 2513-15 Rifiutopoli Pescara