Zorislav Šojat

Sequence of Eventsin the Area of Former Yugoslavia

1989 – 1995

Third Edition

Zagreb, October 2017

Preface to the 3rd Edition Page 1

Preface to the 3rd Edition

This Chronology of the events happening in the area of the former Socialist Federa-tive Republic of Yugoslavia (Socijalistička federativna republika Jugoslavija - SFRJ) was a result of intensive study of a vast variety of documents, as for example newspapers, mem-oranda, resolutions, other chronologies and synopses etc. It spans the time period of over six years, starting from January 19, 1989 and ending on March 8, 1995, almost exactly five months prior to the Action “Storm” (Akcija Oluja), which noted the end of the war in Croatia, although the final peaceful reintegration of all the territory of the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska) was finished only on January 15, 1998. It stops also before the infamous massacre of civilians in Srebren-ica, Bosnia and Hercegovina, between July 13 and 19, 1995, when the forces of the Army of the Republic of Serbs (Vojska Republike Srpske) and the Serbian special unit “Scorpions” killed 8.372 women and men in the UN Protected Area of Sre-brenica. The war in Bosnia and Hercegovina finally ended by the signing of the “Dayton Agreement” on December 14, 1995, and the siege of Sarajevo finally stopped on February 29, 1996.

This Edition of the Sequence of Events in the Area of Former Yugoslavia is intended as a historical reference to that time, and will hopefully be of value to anybody interested in exploring the sequence of events during the dissolution of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. It is to be noted here that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Savezna republika Jugoslavija) of the time this Chronology was compiled, which con-sisted of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro, does not exist any more nowadays, as in the meantime it broke into three independent states: Republic of Serbia (Republika Srbija), Montenegro (Crna Gora) and Republic of Kosovo (Republika Kos-ovo). From present day perspective, all of the constituent Socialist Republics of the Social-ist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia and one of its Socialist Autonomous Provinces (Socijalistička autonomna pokrajina) are now sovereign countries, except the former Socialist Autonomous Province of Voyvodina (SAP Vojvodina), which is still part of the present day Republic of Serbia.

This Sequence of Events presented here was made on the initiative of the European Commission Monitor Mission, and was partly financed by it. The work itself was very much collaborative, specifically in the area of data and information collection. The partic-ular events chosen, and the text of the entries was the responsibility of the named Author, Zorislav Šojat. However much common effort was put into properly and truthfully reporting events directly from the various sources, by making short, one-paragraph abstracts, without any comments.

The book itself is written in such a way that any particular event entry is fully self-contained so the dates can randomly be accessed and read. Sometimes that may be strange if reading the Sequence actually sequentially, specifically when a longer development is

Preface to the 3rd Edition Page 2

followed. However, the choice for self-contained event descriptions was preferred to ena-ble the book to be both readable sequentially and as a quick reference to specific dates.

It shall be noted that, except for the additional Preface written, no text in this book was changed from the 2nd Edition (March 1995), except several minor corrections and some reformatting, so, in a way, this is actually just a re-edition.

I would like sincerely to thank the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) and specifically Ambassadors Dr. Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel and Albert Turot, whose support for the project was essential. Without my dear colleagues from the Croatian Office for ECMM (Hrvatski ured pri Promatračkoj misiji Europske zajednice), which later became the ECMM Croatian Assistance Team, this Chronology could have never been done, and I am very grateful to them for all they contributed, and for all the time and friendship we had. Finally, special thanks goes to the Soul of the group, Mrs. Verica Varga. Thank you!

October 25, 2017

Zorislav Shoyat (Šojat)

The 2nd Edition Page 3

The 2nd Edition

European Community Monitor MissionZagreb, March, 1995

Albert TurotAmbassador

Preface to the 1st Edition Page 5

Preface to the 1st Edition

This chronology, compiled by the European Community Monitor Mission – Assis-tance Team, endeavours to compile the major events in the former Yugoslavia from 1989 to the present. It was written during the German Presidency of the ECMM and denotes the first attempt at such a chronology.

Since the sources for this chronology were numerous and varied (newspapers, mem-oranda, resolutions, other chronologies and synopses), creating a bibliography would be too vast an undertaking at the start. Therefore, this chronology does not pretend to be exhaustive or definitive. It is intended, rather, to be a helpful reference system for assess-ing, in retrospect, the events in the theatre of the former Yugoslavia. Also, apart from its intrinsic value, the chronology may serve as a complement to ECMM records. Indeed it is thought of as a “living” document, open to additions, advice, improvement and continua-tion. Thus, any contributions are welcome and greatly appreciated; the ECMM Assistance Team will serve as the point of contact for comments and the further development of the work.

December 1994

Dr. Paul Joachim von StülpnagelAmbassador

Introduction 1989 – 1995 Page 7

Introduction

1989 – 1995

This is a short chronology of the main developments during the formation period of the Republic of Slovenia, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzego-vina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), countries which came into existence after the disintegration of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. However, the main emphasis of this short overview is on the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, because, for these several years, it was there that the war is being waged.

This chronology is a result of research of different chronological overviews, as well as of several individual books. Its intention is to be neither exhaustive, nor to be absolutely error-free (which means that the authors did try to solve as many of the problems of dif-fering data as possible, but give no guarantees for the exactness of the dates.1), but to be a brief introduction to what happened then. It will also present, as much as possible, the state of the society and the different influencing factors on society, which could have been partly instrumental in the events thereafter.

Many of the aspects of the crisis in the area of the former Yugoslavia are based on notions of Nations, National and Ethnic Minorities and Ethnic Communities. Being a federative multinational country, the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia was from its very conception internally divided on a national and ethnic basis. For the countries of Western Europe, the notions of a Nation and a State have been almost synonymous from the time of the formation of so-called nation-states, which started several centuries ago, and was mostly completed in the last century. This led to the suppression, for example in the English language, i.e. the language this overview is written in, of the differing denota-tions of the words “citizenship” and “nationality”, where connotatively the latter included also most of the semantic field of the former. However, in the Socialist Federative Repub-lic of Yugoslavia this was never the case. Thus, according, for example, to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (SRC), a citizen of any nationality living2 in the SRC, had the citizenship of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, and because the Socialist Republic of Croatia was federated into the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), this citizen had, consequently, also the citizenship of the SFRY. His nationality, of which many of the SFRY citizens were very much aware and very proud, could have been one of several tens of nationalities living in this area.

To distinguish the citizenship from the nationality in the following overview, a prin-ciple in the English language is used. This principle is already often used by different

1. It is important to note here that even, for example, for the same document (Agreement, Declaration etc.) there can be, and more often then not are, different signing dates. It often happens that a politician from one country signed a document on one date, while one from another country signed several days later. Often this applies also to resolutions, whose days of voting and of publishing differ.

2. Here we will not enter the specialist law formulations of citizenship. Though it is not so simple as “living in”, for the sake of this introduction it is proper enough.

Page 8 1989 – 1995 Introduction

international organisations, but is here extended to all nations and countries of the former Yugoslavia. So, a citizen of Croatia is a Croatian, but by his nationality he can be Croat, Serb, Slovene etc. In the Province of Kosovo in Serbia, there are many Serbs, but the majority are Albans, though all of them are Serbians. However, all Albans living in Alba-nia are Albanians, as are all Muslims living in Slovenia Slovenians, though certainly not Slovenes3.

In the text certain comments which relate a particular event to the framework of the general situation, but are not the event itself are given in square brackets ‘[…]’. These comments are generally not to be understood as the view of the Authors, but as an aid in the reading of the text.

Individual texts for each day are mostly written in such a way that they are, as much as possible, self-contained. This enables reading only those parts of the whole text which are of interest in a particular situation. However, it was not always possible to make each date a “self-contained” unit. Certain documents, for example, are mentioned under their “proper name”, but then, when appropriate, a cross-reference is often given. Though this principle allows for reference reading, it does necessitate the mentioning of full names of particular institutions, etc., which could (and should) be minimized in a text designed for sequential reading.

In this overview many institutions and functions are mentioned. As it is often important to get the “feel” of the original meaning of the names of those institutions or functions, an almost “literal” translation is done in most of the cases, adding in parenthe-ses ‘(…)’ the approximate common meaning of the institution or, specifically, function, as it would be in English. An example of this is the President of the Federal Executive Council of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, meaning in fact the “Prime Minister”. Later, after the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (Socijalistička Federativna Repub-lika Jugoslavija) ceases to exist, the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro form the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Savezna Republika Jugoslavija)4. The “Prime Minister” of the new country is the President of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Finally, the Authors hope that this short overview will enable a better understanding of the situation in the area of the former Yugoslavia.

3. To distinguish between the citizen of Montenegro and the person of the appropriate nationality, the nationality is called “Montenegrin”, and the citizenship “Montenegroan”. The Authors wish to apologize to the compilers of English dictionaries.

4. Where the possibility of using two differing words in English (“Federative”, in the meaning of ‘the way it is organized’, and “Federal”, in the meaning of ‘the way it is formed’) is used for distinguishing between the original (Croatian and Serbian) words “Federativna” i “Savezna”. The difference of these two words in both the Croatian and the Serbian language is approximately equally non-obvious as it is in the English language.

Table of contents Page 9

Table of contents

Preface to the 3rd Edition............................................... 1The 2nd Edition ............................................................. 3Preface to the 1st Edition ............................................... 5Introduction .................................................................. 7Table of contents ........................................................... 91989 ............................................................................ 11

January...................................................................................11February.................................................................................11March ....................................................................................12May .......................................................................................12June .......................................................................................13September ..............................................................................13October .................................................................................13November ..............................................................................13December ..............................................................................13

1990 ............................................................................ 15January...................................................................................15February.................................................................................15March ....................................................................................16April.......................................................................................16May .......................................................................................17June .......................................................................................17July ........................................................................................17August....................................................................................18September ..............................................................................19October .................................................................................19November ..............................................................................20December ..............................................................................20

1991 ............................................................................ 22January...................................................................................22February.................................................................................24March ....................................................................................26April.......................................................................................27May .......................................................................................30June .......................................................................................34July ........................................................................................37August....................................................................................42September ..............................................................................48October .................................................................................55November ..............................................................................63December ..............................................................................71

1992 ............................................................................ 76January...................................................................................76

Page 10 Table of contents

February.................................................................................78March ....................................................................................80April.......................................................................................82May........................................................................................84June........................................................................................87July.........................................................................................89August....................................................................................93September ..............................................................................97October................................................................................100November ............................................................................103December.............................................................................106

1993 .......................................................................... 111January.................................................................................111February...............................................................................114March ..................................................................................118April.....................................................................................121May......................................................................................128June......................................................................................133July.......................................................................................139August..................................................................................144September ............................................................................149October................................................................................152November ............................................................................155December.............................................................................157

1994 .......................................................................... 160January.................................................................................160February...............................................................................161March ..................................................................................162April.....................................................................................164May......................................................................................165June......................................................................................166July.......................................................................................167August..................................................................................168September ............................................................................169November ............................................................................169December.............................................................................170

1995 .......................................................................... 172January.................................................................................172February...............................................................................172March ..................................................................................174

Index of names........................................................... 177Index of places ........................................................... 187Index of documents ................................................... 197Annex 1 ..................................................................... 211

1989 January Page 11

1989

January

• 19

The Croat Ante Marković is appointed as the President of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija).

• 25

The President of the Serbian League of Communists (Savez komunista Srbije – SKS), Slobodan Milošević, demands the resignation of Yugoslav League of Communists (Savez komunista Jugoslavije – SKJ) President Dr. Stipe Šuvar. Milošević blames Šuvar for the current chaos in Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, saying his “shameful pol-icy of divide and rule” had created “mistrust between leaders, peoples, and nationalities.”

February

• 4

Workers strike in Trepča, Kosovo, to protest the Yugoslav League of Communists’ (Savez komunista Jugoslavije – SKJ) dismissal of Azem Vllasi, Kosovo’s popular Alban communist leader. [Vllasi is scheduled to go on trial in October for “counter-revolution-ary actions endangering the social order.”]

• 20

A strike of miners in the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo forces three top local Serbian officials to resign.

• 23

The Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Serbia amends the Serbian Constitution to allow for greater Serbian control over the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo and the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.

• 28

Between 500,000 and 700,000 Serbs march in Belgrade, Serbia, to protest what they term the “chauvinism and separatism” of Kosovo's Albans. They are upset because of the resignation of three top local Serbian officials caused by the February 20 strike by miners in Kosovo.

Page 12 March 1989

March

• 16

The Prime Minister of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), Ante Marković, gives a speech to the Parliament of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugosla-via that the Financial Times calls “one of the most sweeping commitments ever heard in Belgrade for radical, market-oriented reform.”

• 23

The Assembly of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo endows Serbia with direct control over courts, police, and the selection of government officials. It also strips local Kosovo politicians of their veto over Serbian constitutional amendments.

• 24

The Albans in at least three cities in Kosovo riot.

• 27

Militia (police) fire at protesters in Prishtina, Kosovo. Nine are killed.

• 28

The ratification of the changes to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Ser-bia, which allows for greater Serbian control over the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo and the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, amended in the Serbian Parliament on February 23, 1989, generates what is termed a “holiday atmosphere” in Belgrade.

• 29

At least 23 protesters in Prishtina, Kosovo, have died since March 27, 1989 in the continuing clashes between the Militia (police) and the Kosovo Albans.

May

• 15

By the principle of the so-called “rotational key” a Slovenian polititian has to take over the Presidency over the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). According to that, the Slovene Janez Drnovšek becomes the new President of the SFRY Presidium.

1989 June Page 13

June

• 28

As a consequence of the happenings on Kosovo and in Serbia, and the resulting Serb national uprising, Croatian Serbs clamour for autonomy.

September

• 27

The Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia amends its Constitution to describe Slovenia as “an independent, sovereign, and autonomous state” with the right to self-determination and secession.

Over 50,000 gather in Titograd, Montenegro, to protest Slovenia's constitutional changes.

Serbs rallying in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, call for the military takeover of Slovenia.

October

•

The popular Alban communist leader Azem Vllasi goes to trial for “counter-revolu-tionary actions endangering the social order”.

November

• 29

Slovenian leaders ban a Serb rally scheduled to take place in Ljubljana on December 1, 1989.

December

• 3

The Socialist Republic of Slovenia closes down its imports from the Republic of Serbia, and introduces other economic and political measures, which could be regarded as “closing the border”, if those two Republics of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugo-slavia would have had a common border.

• 4

The Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Croatia decides to support the struggle of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia against the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

Page 14 December 1989

• 11

The Montenegroan League of Communists (Savez komunista Crne Gore – SKCG) announces that it supports Serbia.

• 19

Serbian leaders veto the free market economic reform plan of the President of the Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, Ante Marković.

• 20

In support to the Serbian leaders’ veto, over 500,000 Serbs strike to protest Presi-dent of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Federative Repub-lic of Yugoslavia Ante Marković’s economic package.

1990 January Page 15

1990

January

•

Ethnic Albans rally on Kosovo to demand free elections and the release of political prisoners. Army forces and Albans clash almost daily.

• 21

Serbian League of Communists (Savez komunista Srbije – SKS) President Slobodan Milošević accuses Slovenia of backing Alban separatism on Kosovo and says “cooperation” is impossible until such behaviour stops.

• 22

Delegates at the Extraordinary Congress of the Yugoslav League of Communists (Savez komunista Jugoslavije – SKJ) vote to end the party’s “leading role”. Slovenia’s dele-gation, which seeks a multi-party system and a loose confederation, walks out.

February

•

The Governments of the Socialist Republic of Croatia and the Socialist Republic of Slovenia say they support the rights of ethnic Albans who are increasingly impinged upon by Serbs.

The Socialist Republic of Serbia launches an economic blockade against the Social-ist Republic of Slovenia.

The historian, member of the anti-fascist partisan movement, and former General of the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska Narodna Armija – JNA), Dr. Franjo Tuđman, head of the Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajed-nica – HDZ), demands a confederated Yugoslavia.

• 1

The President of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), Ante Marković, pushes for “dialogue” between the armed forces and the Albans in Kosovo, but only if Albans agree “to maintain the integrity of the country.”

The President of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, declares a state of emergency and threatens to send “hundreds of thousands” of Serbs to Kosovo to colonize it.

Page 16 March 1990

• 4

The Slovenian League of Communists (Zveza komunistov Slovenije – ZKS) votes to break away from the Yugoslav League of Communists (Savez komunista Jugoslavije – SKJ) and renames itself as the Democratic Renewal Party.

March

• 8

The Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia drops the word “Socialist” from the republic's official name to make it “Republic of Slovenia”.

April

• 8

DEMOS (the pro-Western “Democratic Opposition of Slovenia” party) wins Slove-nia's election. It seeks confederation, or, if that fails, outright independence. At the same time presidential elections are also held.

• 11

Pressured by the Government of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, Kosovo’s Alban ministers resign.

United States of America (USA) Senator Dennis DeConcini cites Serbia’s “heavy-handed” tactics and human rights violations in Kosovo.

• 18

The Federal Executive Council (Government) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia ends the curfews, bans, and other emergency measures it instituted in March, 1989.

• 22

A second round of the presidential elections in the Republic of Slovenia. Milan Kučan, head of the Democratic Renewal Party, retains the presidency.

In Croatia’s first free elections since World War II, Croatian Democratic Commu-nity (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ) leader Dr. Franjo Tuđman dominates the race.

1990 May Page 17

May

• 4

During the annual commemoration of Josip Broz Tito’s death, 2,000 Serbs demand his remains be moved from Belgrade back to his homeland, Croatia. [Tito, the founder of communist Yugoslavia, died on May 4, 1980.]

• 6–7

The second round of the election in the Socialist Republic of Croatia. The winner is Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ) leader Dr. Franjo Tuđman.

• 13

At a soccer match in Zagreb, over 100 are injured in fighting between Croatians, supporters of the Croatian club “Dinamo” from Zagreb, and Serbians, supporters of the Serbian club “Crvena Zvezda” (‘Red Star’) from Belgrade.

Over 40,000 Serbs assemble in Belgrade for an anti-communism rally.

• 15

Borisav Jović, a Serb, becomes the President of the Presidium of the Socialist Feder-ative Republic of Yugoslavia and describes Yugoslavia as on the verge of “civil war”.

• 29

The President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, Borisav Jović, accuses the victors in the Croatian and Slovenian elections of winning by “typical fascist methods”.

June

• 13

An estimated 30,000 anti-communists rally in Belgrade for early elections.

• 25

The President of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, says he will declare Serbian independence if Yugoslavia becomes a confederation.

July

• 2

In a referendum in the Socialist Republic of Serbia, 86% of voters favour a new con-stitution. Most citizens on Kosovo boycott the vote because the new constitutional amendments would strip them of their autonomy.

Page 18 August 1990

114 Albans in the Parliament of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo declare Kosovo an independent republic.

• 3

The Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia proclaims Slovenia to be a sovereign state. The Slovenian Constitution and laws are now to take precedence over those of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia.

• 5

The Socialistic Republic of Serbia suspends the Parliament of the Socialistic Auton-omous Province of Kosovo (SAP Kosovo) and the Government of SAP Kosovo, seizes radio and television stations in Prishtina, Kosovo, and dismisses the editors of the Alban press.

• 25

The Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Croatia approves twelve constitutional amendments. One of them calls for the removal of “Socialist” from the republic's official name to make it “Republic of Croatia”

Leaders of Croatia’s Serb minority denounce the changes of the Croatian Constitu-tion and declare their sovereignty and autonomy “to determine with whom and under what regime their people will live, and how they will integrate with the other nations in Yugoslavia.”

August

•

Armed Serb irregulars enter Croatia “to protect the villages of ethnic Serbs from dis-crimination”. The troops take over Knin, Croatia, to ensure that voters can “safely partici-pate” in a referendum on autonomy.

• 17

Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) jets prevent Croa-tian Police helicopters from flying to southwestern Croatia. The Croatian Police helicop-ters were sent in support to police forces having trouble with local Serb rallies.

• 18

Serbs in Knin, Croatia, under the guidance of Dr. Jovan Rašković, begin an unoffi-cial two-week referendum on the “Serbian Autonomous Region of Krajina” (Srpska autonomna oblast Krajina – SAP Krajina).

• 29

A delegation from the United States of America (USA) Congress, which includes Senators George Mitchell and Bob Dole, visits Kosovo and accuses Serbia of “old-line communist repression”. Hours before the group's arrival, Serb police troops used tear gas

1990 September Page 19

and batons to break up a demonstration of 5,000 outside the delegation’s hotel in Prishtina, Kosovo.

September

• 3

Between 100,000 and 200,000 strike in Kosovo to signal their displeasure with the Serbian take-over of businesses run by Albans.

• 7

Kosovo’s Alban leaders secretly convene to draft a constitution that makes Kosovo an independent republic.

• 9

Muslims gathering in Novi Pazar, Serbia, to protest Serbian repression are met with police tear gas.

• 28

The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Serbia (approved by referendum in July) takes effect, stripping the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo and the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina of their autonomy.

• 30

Serb nationalists in Croatia establish their own parliament, the Serbian National Council, in Knin. They also prevent Croatian troops from entering.

October

• 1

It is announced that 99% of voters on the unofficial two-week referendum on the “Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina” (Srpska autonomna oblast Krajina – SAP Krajina), held between the Serbs in Croatia, favour autonomy.

Croatian Serbs declare their autonomy on the basis of the August referendum. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia labels the declaration illegal.

The President of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, urges federal forces to intervene to “defend Serbs from repression in Croatia.” Serbian Renewal Move-ment (Srpski pokret obnove – SPO) leader Vuk Drašković calls for “a declaration of war” against Croatia.

• 1–2

The Presidium (Collective State Presidency) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), which contains representatives from the six republics and the two

Page 20 November 1990

autonomous provinces, holds an emergency session to discuss growing unrest. The Presi-dent of the Presidium of SFRY, Borisav Jović, pleads with citizens to “refrain from any actions that can make the situation worse”.

• 4

The Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) occupies the headquarters of the Territorial Defence Forces (TDF) of the Republic of Slovenia, in Lju-bljana. When the JNA arrived, Slovenian commanders had already relocated.

• 23

The Socialist Republic of Serbia imposes duties on imports from the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia.

• 27

The United States of America (USA) foreign aid bill has now cleared both houses of Congress, but, because of human rights violations, it provides no direct aid to the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia.

November

• 27

The New York Times discloses that a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) study has predicted the break-up of Yugoslavia within 18 months and has warned against a possible civil war. The United States of America (USA) State Department does not appear to share the CIA's view.

December

•

Croatian Serbs in the Krajina again declare their autonomy and prepare to defend this claim with Yugoslav federal government weapons.

• 1

The Secretary of the Federal Secretariat for People's Defence (Defence Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, Veljko Kadijević, threatens to react force-fully to the “highly aggressive anti-Yugoslav and anti-socialist forces” dividing his country. He threatens to use Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) forces to break up Territorial Defence Forces of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia.

• 2

Runoffs in Bosnia’s elections leave the (Muslim) Party of Democratic Action (Stranka Demokratske Akcije – SDA) with 86 seats, the Serbian Democratic Party (Srpska

1990 December Page 21

Demokratska Stranka – SDS) with 70, and the Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvat-ska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ) with 45.

• 4

The Croatian Presidency demands that the Secretary of the Federal Secretariat for People's Defence (Defence Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, Veljko Kadijević, resigns because he has been “imposing the army as the supreme arbiter in Yugoslavia's constitutional crisis”.

• 9

The President of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, and his rul-ing party take 65% of the vote in Serbia’s first free election. [Although Slovenians, Croa-tians, Bosnians and Herzegovinans, and Macedonians ousted ruling communists in their first free elections, Serbia and Montenegro elect to preserve the power of the old guard.] Kosovo’s Albans protest the annexation of their province by boycotting the election. Widespread irregularities are reported.

The Republic of Croatia levies a tax on Serbian property to retaliate against Serbia’s tax on Croatian and Slovenian property in the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

The first round of elections are held in the Socialist Republic of Montenegro.

• 16

The Montenegrin League of Communists (Savez komunista Crne Gore – SKCG) take 83 of 125 seats in the Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro in elec-tions.

• 20

Although he received a majority of votes, Fikret Abdić resigns from the position of the Bosnian and Herzegovinan President of the Presidium, so Alija Izetbegović, head of the (Muslim) Party of Democratic Action (Stranka Demokratske Akcije – SDA), becomes President of the Presidium of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 22

Almost 95% of voting Slovenes choose independence. Over 93% of Slovenia’s 1.5 million voters take part. Slovenia’s 50,000 ethnic Serbs oppose such a move. The over-whelming results of the referendum provide Slovenia’s officials with the mandate first to negotiate for the establishment of a loose confederation and, if unsuccessful within six months, then to declare independence.

Page 22 January 1991

1991

January

• 3

The Statute of the Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina (Srpska autonomna oblast Krajina – SAP Krajina) is adopted in Knin, Croatia. The policemen in Knin raise the Ser-bian flag, the official Croatian police is asked to leave. The Statute states that the self-pro-claimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina consists of the municipalities of Knin, Obrovac, Benkovac, Gračac, Titova Korenica, Dvor na Uni, Vojnić and Hrvatska Kosta-jnica, all in Croatia.

• 5

Mile Martić is appointed the acting Secretary of the Secretariat of Interior Affairs of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina.

• 7

The Socialist Republic of Serbia breaks into the Treasury of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, and transfers 18.3 billion YU dinars on its account (total loss of around 5-6 billion USD).

• 9

The Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) orders all armed forces belonging neither to the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) nor to the forces of the Ministries of Interior Affairs, to disband in ten days (the so-called “Order of the Presidium of SFRY”).

A group of armed civilians from Titova Korenica forces Nikola Lapov, the Director of the “Plitvice lakes” National park, Croatia, to resign.

• 10

A meeting between the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) and the leaderships of the Yugoslav republics concerning a “new historical deal” between the South Slavic nations. Croatian leadership demands the mutual recognition of the republics’ sovereignties, abolition of the force-using policy and the recognition of the present borders between the republics as unchangeable.

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia states that the decisions of the “Krajina municipalities” are invalid and against the Constitution.

• 14

Ante Marković, the President of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, goes on a tour of the constituent Repub-lics to arrange the minimum of mutual functions and policy with the governments of the republics, in order to ensure the execution of reforms and the functioning of the country until its new organization is agreed upon.

1991 January Page 23

Radio Knin, Croatia, calls the Serb citizens to defend the town from “the attack of the Croatian special forces”.

• 19

The Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) prolongs the time-limit for the disbendment of the illegal armed forces for another 48 hours.

• 20

The referendum on joining the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Kra-jina held in the Constituency of Vojnić.

• 21

The expiry of the time-limit given by the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in its “Order” causes a psychosis of fear of a Yugoslav Peo-ple's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) intervention in the Republic of Croa-tia. The Croatian Council for National Defense instructs the citizens to stay calm and follow only the instructions given by the Republic's authorities.

The Parliament of the Republic of Croatia forms the Commission for the Protec-tion and Improvement of the Equality of Nationalities.

• 22

Referring to the expiry of the time-limit given in the “Order”, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman states that there is a possibility of a Yugoslav Peo-ple's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) intervention after midnight. At the same time, JNA helicopters are flying over a number of buildings of the Croatian police; the JNA troop's movements are reported throughout Croatia.

A meeting between the Croatian and the Slovenian Presidency: the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) is asked to put an end to all peace-dis-turbing Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) actions.

• 23

The announcement of the Federal Secretariat for People's Defense of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia: “if all armed units that have been mobilized in Croatia aren't immediately dismissed, the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Arm-ija – JNA) will increase its fighting readiness".

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia abolishes all decisions violat-ing the sovereignty of Croatia.

• 24

An extra-ordinary sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatian: the “Order” was aimed at overthrowing the democratic government in Croatia.

Warren Zimmerman, the Ambassador of the United States of America in Belgrade, visits the President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), Borisav Jović, to inform him that the United States of America (USA) wouldn't accept Yugoslav People's Army’s crushing of the democratic institutions.

Page 24 February 1991

• 25

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) undertakes a series of actions in order to increase the psychosis of fear in the Republic of Croatia, among others by showing a TV movie called “What’s true about the Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ) arming its terrorist formations in Croatia?”.

A session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY): the Presidium decides that the stand-by measures introduced in the units of the Yugoslav People's Army 5th Military region are suspended as of midnight the next day.

• 26

After the session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) the previous day, hundreds of citizens throughout Republic of Croatia give peace-ful support to a sovereign, democratic and free Croatia.

• 29

The Government of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina issues an announcement calling its people to use violence against the legal Croatian institutions.

• 30

The Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) Military Court in Zagreb begins an investigation in the case of four citizens from the town of Viro-vitica, Croatia, (Antun Habijanac, Đuro Dečak, Franjo Kovač and Vladimir Šabarić), who have been supposedly smuggling weapons and arming illegal military units; these people are held in custody throughout the investigation. The same Court issues a warrant for the arrest of the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Croatia, Martin Špegelj.

• 31

A journalist of the Croatian News Agency (Hrvatska informativno-novinska agen-cija – HINA) attacked and heavily wounded in the center of Petrinja, Croatia.

February

• 2

At the assembly of the World Economy Forum in Davos the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman seeks support for the freedom and sovereignty of Croatia.

Serb rallies held in Knin, Croatia, and Vukovar, Croatia.

• 3

A rally held in the Memorial park of Jasikovac, wherefrom a cable is sent to the Pre-sidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) demanding the arrest of a larger part of the Croatian leadership.

1991 February Page 25

• 5

The psychological war against the Republic of Croatia continues throughout Yugo-slavia by means of misinformation and provocation; after Belgrade’s, Serbia, daily “Poli-tika” stated that “snipers are going to kill Serb children”, some parents of Serb nationality in a few villages of the Osiek Municipality, Croatia, didn't allow their children to go to school.

• 7

The tension keeps rising in Baranja, Croatia, and Slavonia, Croatia. Vinko Belobrk, the Vice-President of the Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ) branch in Virovitica, Croatia, is arrested and taken in an unknown direction by the officials of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Security Service. At the same occasion the President of the Municipality of Virovitica is wounded.

• 10

“Politika”, Belgrade’s daily, states that “Vatican has approved a 4 billion USD credit for Croatia, which is to be used to break up Yugoslavia”.

In a contact-program of Knin Radio, Milan Babić states that, in talks held with Slo-bodan Milošević, the two of them agreed that “the Serb Nation cannot be divided among more states”.

• 14

Soldiers “coordinate” the traffic with guns in the town of Slavonski Brod, Croatia.

• 15

Mile Martić, head of the Militia (police) of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina, calls the members of the reserve militia forces to report to the nearest militia station with their personal armaments.

• 21

The Parliament of the Republic of Croatia decides at its sitting that the Croatian laws take precedence over the Federal laws (the laws of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia). The Resolution on the Protection of the Constitution of Croatia and the Res-olution on the Adopting of Procedures for Dissociation from Yugoslavia are passed.

• 23

The Municipal Assembly of Pakrac, Croatia, decides to join the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina.

• 24

Tens of thousands of Zagreb citizens gather at Ban Jelačić Square demanding the release of the Virovitica citizens held in custody by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).

• 28

In the municipalities of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina, “unfit” civilian and police employees are being replaced with “fit” ones. This is one of the

Page 26 March 1991

first ‘ethnic cleansing’ activities done by the Serbs on the territory of the Republic of Cro-atia.

March

• 2

The incident in Pakrac, Croatia: the policemen of the Croat nationality disarmed and their weapons redistributed to the Serb members of the reserve police forces. Croatian police units enter the town, take the police precinct and disarm some of the Serbs; others escape into nearby mountains where, in the subsequent shooting, three Croatian police-men were wounded. The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) armored units enter the town.

• 3

Croatian police units withdraw from Pakrac, Croatia.

Mobilization of the reserve Militia (police) forces carried out in Knin, Croatia.

Belgrade’s media report “a slaughter of Serbs in Pakrac”.

• 4

During the night the villages in the municipalities of Osiek, Vinkovci and Vukovar, all in Croatia, are alarmed by unknown “informers” who dispatched messages saying that “the children should be evacuated because the war has begun”.

• 5

Stipe Mesić, the Croatian representative in the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), walks out of a session objecting that the situation in the Republic of Croatia cannot be put on the agenda without asking the legal Croatian authorities about the matter.

• 13

A meeting between the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and a delegation of the regional Serb Democratic Party (Srpska Demokratska Stranka – SDS) from Slavonia and Baranja: a judgment is passed that this meeting is a possible beginning of the negotiations between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and Croatian Serbs.

• 14

At a meeting in Zagreb, Croatian and Serbian intellectuals agreed that the history should be put behind; some of the other discussed issues were the cultural autonomy of Serbs in Croatia and a greater participation of Serbs in the Croatian government system.

• 15

After the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) refused to introduce the state of emergency measures, Borisav Jović resigns at his position as the President of the SFRY Presidium. The danger of a military coup arises again.

1991 April Page 27

• 16

Nenad Bućin and Jugoslav Kostić resign as members of the Presidium of the Social-ist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. The President of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, states that he doesn't accept the decisions of the SFRY Presidium and orders the mobilization of the reserve police forces in Serbia.

• 17

The Executive Council of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina (SAR Krajina) proclaims the secession of the SAR Krajina from the Republic of Croatia.

• 23

Mile Martić, the Head of the Militia (police) of the self-proclaimed Serb Autono-mous Region of Krajina (SAR Krajina), states: “The decision to secede SAR Krajina from Croatia doesn't have anything to do with Milošević or Jović. We want to live in one state with the rest of Yugoslavia, and Croatia can be only a neighboring state to us".

• 28

The Executive Council of the Titova Korenica, Croatia, Municipal Assembly dis-misses the complete management of the "Plitvice lakes" National park.

• 29

Serbs install a new management in the “Plitvice lakes” National park and “fire” the old one.

• 30 – 31

The EC made it known that it was ready to help a democratised and reformed Yugoslavia, with unchanged internal and external borders, provided, among other things, that this state was willing to resolve problems in a peaceful manner without the use of force. As soon as the constitutional crisis was resolved, the EC was prepared to start talks on Yugoslavia's associate membership of the EC.

• 31

The incident on Plitvice, Croatia: the Croatian police units, responding to the events of the previous two days, enter the area of the National park. The fighting results in six policemen being wounded, 24 Serb irregulars arrested, while others escaped into woods. The first victim of the war in Croatia is Josip Jović, Croatian policeman.The Yugo-slav People's Army (JNA) units from the town of Titova Korenica, Croatia, arrive on Plit-vice.

April

• 1

Kievo, Croatia, blockaded by the Militia (police) of the self-proclaimed Serb Auton-omous Region of Krajina units from the village of Civljani, Croatia.

Page 28 April 1991

The municipality of Glina, Croatia, declares its secession from the Republic of Cro-atia and joins the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina, as well as the municipality of Hrvatska Kostajnica, Croatia, together with 28 local communities from the municipality of Sisak, Croatia.

• 2

The Executive Council (Government) of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina (SAR Krajina) in Knin decides that “SAR Krajina joins the Republic of Serbia”.

Mile Martić, addressing the Serbs gathered on a rally in Knin, Croaita, quotes Slo-bodan Milošević on promising to send the weapons for the “defense of Krajina”.

First barricades are set up in eastern Slavonia on the roads from Vukovar to Vinko-vci, Osiek and Dalj, all in Croatia.

• 3

A phantom “Serb National Council”, appearing all of a sudden out of nowhere, declares that Slavonia, Croatia, has joined the Republic of Serbia.

The Leader of the Serbian Radical Party, and the Chetnik Duke, Vojislav Šešelj arrives in Borovo Selo, Croatia, with his armed volunteers. There is shooting on the barri-cades set up in the villages of Borovo Selo and Brđani, Croatia. Barricades are also set up in Tenja, Croatia.

The Federal Secretariat for People's Defense (Defense Ministry) of the Socialist Fed-erative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) demands from the Presidium of the SFRY to order the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) to “carry out the decision” that the police forces should withdraw from Plitvice, Croatia. After a dramatic session, the Presidium refused to give such an order.

The Council for National Defense and the Protection of Constitutional Order of the Republic of Croatia concludes that it is unable to make the decision to withdraw police forces from Plitvice, but it also decides that, “as a sign of good will”, it will post-pone the police action for the establishing of the constitutional order in Knin and else-where where it has been violated.

The Parliament of the Republic of Serbia passes a Declaration in which it demands from the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) to engage itself in the protection of the “imper-illed Serb population” in the Republic of Croatia.

• 4

Citizens gather in the railway station in Vinkovci, Croatia, demanding the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) withdrawal into barracks. The JNA responds with tear-gas.

20 armored vehicles take possession of the town of Vrpolje, Croatia. Tanks are on the streets of Osiek.

The police station in Dalj, Croatia, is attacked.

Armed guards in the villages with Serb majority in northern Dalmatia, Croatia.

1991 April Page 29

• 5

A meeting between the Presidents of the Republics in Belgrade is held: it is estab-lished that two of the Republics support the continuity of Yugoslavia as a federation, while others have different proposals.

A delegation of three European Community (EC) Ministers (Luxembourg, Italy and Netherlands) arrives in Belgrade, where it gives support to the continuity of Yugosla-via.

• 6

Mobilization declared in Knin.

Serb National Party (Srpska Narodna Stranka – SNS) is founded.

• 8

The (Yugoslav People's Army) court martial of Defense Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Martin Špegelj and the citizens of Virovitica, Croatia, began in Zagreb, but it was discontinued due to mass demonstration and riots.

• 9

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman passes a decree by which some units of the Croatian police were promoted into a special operative unit, called the National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde – ZNG). [Considering the fact that the Republic of Croatia was still a part of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) at that time, this decision was against the SFRY Federal Constitution; but this was also the only choice Croatia had in the situation when the arms of the Croatian Territorial Defense were seized by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), which was also against the Constitution, since these arms were provided for by the Republic and its municipalities, therefore being Croatian property.]

Federal ministers and the ministers of the Republics failed to arrange the minimum of Federation's functioning at their meeting in Belgrade.

• 12

The third "yu-summit" is held in the town of Brdo kod Kranja, Slovenia. The announcement issued from this meeting mentions two options for the future of Yugosla-via: an alliance of sovereign states or a "modern federation". It is decided that referendums on the future of Yugoslavia should be held in all of the Republics before May, 31.

Ante Marković, the President of the Federal Executive Council of the Socialist Fed-erative Republic of Yugoslavia, holds a meeting with the representatives of individual Republics' governments.

• 13

The Government of the Republic of Croatia passes the proposal of the Citizenship law.

Page 30 May 1991

• 15

A “Rally for the peaceful solution of the crisis in Yugoslavia” is held in Borovo Selo, Croatia. The presence is denied to Croatian journalists, and the barricades are set up again, after being removed only a short while before.

• 16

Ante Marković, the President of the Federal Executive Council of the Socialist Fed-erative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), requests from the Constitutional Court of SFRY to commit itself on the abolition of the Presidium of Kosovo and the annexation of various self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Regions (SARs) from Croatia to Serbia, which he (Marković) considers unconstitutional.

• 17

The sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia begins: the Parliament modifies and amends the Law on Internal Affairs by which the National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde – ZNG) was formed.

• 18

The second day of the sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia: the Par-liament passes a Declaration which was an answer to the Declaration of the Parliament of the Republic of Serbia (see April 3, 1991). The Declaration states that Serbia is mixing into Croatian interior matters and that it is trying to give legitimacy to an illegal forma-tion on the Croatian territory.

• 26

The referendum on Croatian independence and the future status of the Republic of Croatia inside Yugoslavia is scheduled for May 19, 1991.

Croatian police precinct established in Kievo, Croatia.

• 27

First train across Knin, Croatia, arrives in Zagreb after 26 days of interruption.

• 29

Serb irregulars and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) blockade Kievo, Croatia.

• 30

The Militia (police) of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina attacks the village of Kievo, Croatia.

May

• 1

The Militiamen (policemen) of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina raid the village of Potkonje and Vrpolje, Croatia, maltreat the people and search the houses. One wounded Croat is taken to Knin.

1991 May Page 31

At the constituting sitting of the Assembly of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina Milan Babić announces the “Referendum on the Annexation to Serbia”.

• 2

Croatian police units are attacked by Serb irregulars in Borovo Selo, Croatia. 13 Croatian policemen and some 50 Serb irregulars are killed. Soon after the clash started, Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) tanks entered the village and took an active part in the fighting, either directly or by covering for the Serbs.

Croatian policeman Franko Lisica is killed near the village of Polača, Croatia. Dem-onstrations are held in front of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Center in Šibenik, Cro-atia, because of this event.

• 3

The Government of the Republic of Serbia states that Croatian police forces are to bear the entire responsibility for the violence in the Republic of Croatia. Serbian media report about the “defenseless Serb people” being attacked by the Croatian police.

• 4

The Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) condemns any use of force. The Federal Executive Council of SFRY passes a judgment that Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) has played a positive role in the recent events and states that, as long as the future of Yugoslavia isn't finally decided about, the changing of borders isn't possi-ble.

• 5

The Proclamation of the President of the Republic on the referendum in the Republic of Croatia to be held on May 19, 1991, is issued.

The first flight of a "Croatia Airlines" airplane from Zagreb to Split, Croatia.

Fear of revenge spreads among Croatian Serbs due to various rumors.

• 6

Mass riots in front of the building of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Military-maritime (Navy) Headquarters in Split. The JNA soldier Saško Gešovski is killed.

Serbs in Slavonia, scared with anti-Croatian propaganda, start leaving for Vojvodina and Serbia in considerable numbers.

• 7

Unannounced appearance of a big convoy of armored vehicles, headed for Croatia, in the area of the town of Lištica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, causes uneasiness in Herzego-vina. Many residents of this area gather and block the way.

• 8

The blockade of the roads in Herzegovina continues, aimed at preventing the pas-sage of Yugoslav People's Army's convoy.

Page 32 May 1991

Stanko Cvijan, the Minister for Serbs outside Serbia of the Republic of Serbia, states that the Serbs in Croatia should be helped and that he considers the “authorities of the Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina legitimate and legal”.

• 9

The Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) passes a Plan for the solution of the crisis in Yugoslavia. This Plan includes the engagement of the Yugoslav People's Army and the forming of a parity group for the negotiations between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives of Serbs in Croatia.

The blockade of the Yugoslav People's Army convoy in Lištica, Bosnia and Herze-govina, is discontinued.

• 10

20 tons of food are delivered to Kievo, Croatia. [previously, Kievo was cut of from the rest of the world since April 29, 1991].

• 11

Ante Marković, the President of the Federal Executive Councilof the Socialist Fed-erative Republic of Yugoslavia, guarantees the safety of tourists in the forthcoming tourist season.

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia proclaims that the self-pro-claimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina Referendum on the Annexation to Serbia is unconstitutional.

• 12

First polling-places for the referendum on Croatian independence are opened.

• 13

Referring to his forthcoming election at the post of the President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), Stipe Mesić, the Croatian mem-ber of the SFRY Presidium, states that he will be “the last President of such Yugoslavia”. [The presiding system was such that the representatives of all of the republics (6) and autonomous provinces (2) were taking six-month terms at the presidential position. This was called the “National key”.]

• 14

The Government of the Republic of Croatia protests to the Government of the Republic of Serbia about its mixing into Croatian matters with the pretext of “protecting the imperilled Serbs”, and proposes the arrival of foreign monitors.

• 15

Three Serbian members of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) block the election of Stipe Mesić as President by voting against, while the Montenegroan representative Momir Bulatović refuses to vote. The reason given for this blockade is the non-election of Branko Kostić and Sejdo Bajramović (who were sup-posed to be representatives of the Autonomous Provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina

1991 May Page 33

[although by the new Constitution of the Republic of Serbia those Provinces were not autonomous any more]) at the representative posts in the Presidium.

• 16

The President of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), Ante Marković, suggests that the Parliament of SFRY elects the two controversial representatives, so that Stipe Mesić can be appointed President, and Branko Kostić Vice-President of the SFRY Presidium.

• 17

Stipe Mesić is not elected the President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) again. He walks out of the session together with Janez Drnovšek (Slovenian representative), Vasil Tupurkovski (Macedonian representative) and Ante Marković. Bogićević (Bosnian and Herzegovinan representative) stays, but doesn't participate. The rest of the Presidium appoints Sejdo Bajramović the “Coordinator of the Presidium”.

• 19

The referendum in the Republic of Croatia completed.

The Senate of the United States of America (USA) passes the so-called “Nickles amendment”, by which all help for Yugoslavia is suspended because of the human rights’ violations.

• 20

The results of the Croatian referendum: 3,030,288 citizens (83.56 % of the elector-ate) voted. On the referendum there were two questions:

1.”Do you agree that the Republic of Croatia, as a sovereign and independent state, which guarantees cultural autonomy and all civil rights to the Serbs and other ethnic groups residing in Croatia, may form an alliance of sovereign states with other republics?”; the result: YES - 94.17 % (2,853,631 citizens), NO - 4.18 % (126,572 citizens).

2.”Do you agree that the Republic of Croatia should remain in Yugoslavia as a uni-fied federal state?”; the result: YES - 5.44 % (164,949 citizens), NO - 91.97 % (2,786,814 citizens).

The voting hasn't been held in the municipality of Donji Lapac.

The (Yugoslav People's Army) Military court in Zagreb finds the citizens of Virovit-ica, Croatia, guilty of “preparing an armed mutiny” (see January 30, 1991, February 24, 1991, and April 8, 1991).

• 21

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman states that, if an alli-ance of sovereign republics isn't decided about in one month, Croatia shall decide to secede.

Page 34 June 1991

• 22

United States of America (USA) Secretary of State James Baker states that the employment of the “Nickles amendment” (see May 19, 1991) might be reconsidered if Stipe Mesić is elected President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia.

• 25

The United States fo America (USA) cancels the “Nickles amendment” and announces a selective approach: help shall be provided only for the republics not violating human rights and not contributing to the intensification of the conflicts.

• 26

The delegations of the Governments of the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatian meet in Otočec ob Krki, Slovenia, to discuss the problems of the forthcoming separation.

• 27

Stipe Mesić and Janez Drnovšek (Slovenian representative) agreed that they won't participate in the session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugosla-via (SFRY) convened by the “Coordinator” Sejdo Bajramović.

The blockade of Kievo, Croatia, is partially raised.

• 28

First review of the National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde – ZNG) is held in Zagreb.

• 30

Solemn sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia: the Parliament entrusts its expert services with the assignment of preparing all public-law decisions for two possi-bilities: the gradual forming of an alliance of sovereign states as well as the separation and the establishment of a fully independent Republic of Croatia.

The Parliament passes the Declaration on Violation of Rights of Croats living in the Republic of Serbia and the provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo.

The European Community (EC) offers a 4 billion USD help to the Socialist Feder-ative Republic of Yugoslavia with the intention of supporting the convertibility of its cur-rency, making its transition to an open market economy easier and encouraging new investments.

June

• 5

Citizenship law passed in the Republic of Croatia (see April, 13, 1991).

1991 June Page 35

• 10

A new wave of violence in the crisis-areas; a policeman is killed on the Daruvar-Pakrac road, Croatia.

• 11

The Commission for Human Rights of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia visits Knin area. Milan Babić promises that displaced Croats shall be enabled to return to their homes, but doesn't say how or when; he also doesn't allow the Commission to meet with the citizens of the area.

• 13

Explosions in Osiek, Croatia.

• 14

Serbian extremist Željko Ražnjatović Arkan, together with the other five extremists, found guilty by a Croatian court for preparing an armed mutiny and - released.

On the eve of Parliament's sitting, the Government of the Republic of Croatia issues a package of laws by which a lot of federal legal capacities would be transferred onto Croatian authorities.

• 18

The sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia begins. The package of laws mentioned issued by the Government of the Republic of Croatia on June 14, 1991, aimed at fulfilling the decisions reached by referendum, is passed.

• 19

The House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States of America (USA) passes a Resolution demanding the respect of all minority rights in all Yugoslav republics.

Serb irregulars attack a train and maltreat the passengers in the village of Mirkovci, Croatia.

• 20

A session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was supposed to be held but, since Serbian representatives didn't give the guaranties that the rotation of the posts in the Presidium shall be carried out, Croatian and Slovenian rep-resentatives decided not to come.

The United States of America (USA) State Department declared that Belgrade had to “find a way to give vent to the national aspirations of the various elements within Yugo-slavia in a peaceful way”.

• 21

The Secretary of State of the United States of America (USA), James Baker, pays a visit to Belgrade, where he holds talks with Ante Marković, the President of the Federal

Page 36 June 1991

Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and with the Presidents of the Republics.

• 22

A meeting between delegations of the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia with the purpose of coordinating the decisions of their Parliaments on sovereignty and independence of those two republics is held.

• 25

The Parliament of the Republic of Croatia passes the Constitutional Decision on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Croatia. The Charter on the Rights of Serbs and Other Ethnic Groups in Croatia and the Declaration on the Establishment of the Sovereign and Independent Republic of Croatia also passed.

The Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia passes the Decision on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Slovenia.

At a session of Federal Executive Council (FEC) (Government) of the Socialist Fed-eral Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), Ante Marković, its President, states that, as far as the decisions of Croatia and Slovenia are concerned, the SFRY FEC shall respect the Consti-tution of SFRY. He added that he doesn't know yet what measures shall the FEC take, but that “fortunately, we are still far from the situation which would require the application of force”, and that “this is the last thing I could suggest”.

• 26

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) introduces stand-by measures in all of its units.

The Militia (police) of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina attacks the police station in Glina, Croatia. A number of persons is killed and wounded. The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) prevents the evacuation of the wounded and searches the houses of Croats.

The Federal Executive Council (Government) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) demands from the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and the SFRY Federal Secretariat for Interior Affairs to insure the control of the Federal borders, and prohibits the posting of crossing points between the Republics.

• 27

The beginning of the war in the Republic of Slovenia. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) armored units try to take possession of crossing points. Slovenian authorities block-ade the barracks and disconnect their electricity supply and phone lines.

JNA movements throughout Croatia; tanks run over cars in the streets of Osiek.

The President of the Parliament (Speaker) of the Republic of Croatia, Josip Manolić, explains at a press conference that the decision on sovereignty isn't an act of secession, but of gradual separation which shall be carried out peacefully.

• 28

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) soldiers surrender to Slovenian units in masses. Slo-venian airports are bombed.

1991 July Page 37

The JNA fires at citizens who protest in front of the barracks in Osiek, Croatia. The Osiek hospital hit as well.

Three European Community (EC) Ministers (Poos - Luxembourg, De Michelis - Italy, and Van den Broek - Netherlands) arrive in Zagreb and Belgrade. They propose three items in order to put a stop to fighting: an unconditional cease-fire and the return of the Yugoslav People's Army into barracks both in Slovenia and in Croatia, a three-month suspension of the application of the declarations on independence, and the constituting of the SFRY Presidium in the constitutional manner and according to the Regulations for the Conduct of Proceedings.

• 29

The Republic of Croatia suspends the sending of new recruits into the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).

The mobilization of reserve forces in the Republic of Serbia.

Serbian members of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) proclaim new conditions for the election of Stipe Mesić as its President: the Republics of Slovenia and Croatia have to abandon their acts on separation.

In the Republic of Slovenia, some 40 people were killed in fighting during the pre-vious two days.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman sends a letter to the European Community (EC) Ministerial Council, asking for the support in a peaceful solution of the crisis.

July

• 1

Stipe Mesić is elected the President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units blockade the police station in Plitvice, Croatia.

• 2

Police stations in Glina and the village of Kozibrod (Dvor na Uni municipality), Croatia, are attacked.

General Konrad Kolšek, Commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav People's Army 5th

Military region Headquarters, is replaced with Lieutenant-general Života Avramović.

The United States of America (USA) administration made it clear that it did not support the use of force to preserve the integrity of the Yugoslav state, while it would accept the republic's independence if achieved peacefully.

• 3 – 4

The Committee of Senior Officials of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), meeting in Prague, agreed to recommend the dispatch of an European Community (EC) based observer mission to supervise the agreed ceasefire.

Page 38 July 1991

• 3

An 80 km long column of armored vehicles, coming from Belgrade, enteres Baranja, Croatia. A part of it assumes positions along the border between the Republic of Croatia and Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia.

Dr. Šime Đodan is appointed the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Croatia (RC). Onesin Cvitan is appointed the Minister of Internal Affairs of RC.

Serb irregulars kill two soldiers of the National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde – ZNG) in Vukovar, Croatia.

• 4

Borovo Naselje, Croatia, attacked by Serb irregulars. Ten civilians are killed, another ten wounded.

• 5

The Government of the Republic of Croatia sends a Demand to the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) asking the Presidium to order the Yugoslav People's Army's return into barracks.

• 6

Yugoslav Secretary of Defense, general Veljko Kadijević and Serbian President Slo-bodan Milošević appear on Belgrade television and call the citizens to come to the defense of Yugoslavia.

• 7

Three European Community (EC) Ministers hold talks with the representatives of Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian and Federal governments on the island of Brijuni, Croatia. the so-called “Brijuni Declaration”, a document on a peaceful solution of the crisis, is adopted.

Yugoslav People's Army tanks fire artillery shells on civilian buildings in Osiek, Cro-atia.

• 8

The United States of America (USA) administration, endorsed the European Com-munity (EC) arms embargo on the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia.

• 9

After forcing the residents of the village of Ćelije in Slavonia, Croatia, to flee, the Serb irregulars burn down the village. The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) tanks surround the police station in Glina, Croatia. A soldier of the National Guard (ZNG) is killed by Serb irregulars in the village of Aljmaš in Slavonia; two policemen wounded in the town of Ilok, Croatia.

Mobilization begins in Montenegro.

1991 July Page 39

• 10

The first European Community (EC) Ministerial Meeting on Yugoslavia begins in The Hague, Holland.

Additional Yugoslav People's Army units, together with heavy artillery, arrive into the area of Vukovar, Croatia.

Mobilization begins in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 11

A police patrol unit attacked by Serb irregulars near Zadar; one policeman is killed, another three wounded. A group of Serb irregulars enters the suburbs of Osiek, but with-draws after a clash with the police forces.

• 12

Serb irregulars from the village of Tenja, Croatia, fire shells at the suburbs of Osiek, Croatia.

The leaders of the Serb Democratic Party (Srpska Demokratska Stranka – SDS) inform the journalists in Borovo Selo, Croatia, that the “Government of Serb Autono-mous Rergion of Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sriem” has been formed.

• 13

The European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) starts its work under the presidency of Holland. The seat of the headquarters of the ECMM will be established in Hotel “I” in Zagreb. The first Head of Mission (HOM) of the ECMM is Ambassador Jan Van Der Valk.

Police stations in the villages of Kraljevčani and Dragutinci in the municipality of Petrinja, Croatia, attacked by Serb irregulars; one policeman is killed, another seven wounded. JNA Air Force jets rocket the National Guard (ZNG) positions near the village of Dergalj near Vukovar, Croatia. Shells fired on Dalj, Croatia, from Vojvodina.

• 14

A column of Croats, who were forced by Serb irregulars to leave their homes, flees Banija, Croatia.

• 15

The Socialist Party of Serbia (Socijalistička Stranka Srbije – SSS) issues its Platform in which the Party announces the forming of “Serb Autonomous Regions” throughout Yugoslavia.

Police stations in Kozibrod, Glina and Topusko, Croatia, attacked by Serb irregu-lars; two persons are killed and 16 are wounded.

A conversation between the JNA officers and Serb irregulars, proving their coopera-tion, has been secretly taped.

Page 40 July 1991

• 16

An extended session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugo-slavia (SFRY), which was supposed to be held on the island of Brijuni, Croatia, has been canceled because the Serbian members of the Presidium didn't come.

Serb irregulars from Borovo Selo attack Borovo Naselje, Croatia, with mortars; tele-phone connections with Vukovar interrupted.

• 17

Franjo Gregurić appointed the Mandatary for the forming of a new Government of the Republic of Croatia.

Mortar attack on the village of Lišani near Zadar, Croatia; a policeman and a monk killed. Zadar and a part of Zadar municipality left without electricity because of the trans-mission line mining.

• 18

The Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) decides that the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units shall withdraw from Slovenia to Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in next three months.

• 19

Vinkovci, Croatia, attacked by Serb irregulars from the village of Mirkovci, Croatia, thus becoming the first larger Croatian town to come under the attacks; five persons are wounded. The attack on the village of Sirać near Daruvar leaves two policemen dead and five wounded. A policeman killed on the Otočac-Senj road.

• 20

Serb irregulars attack Stari Jankovci, Sarvaš, Korođ, Lovinac, Otočac, Majur, Vinko-vci, all in Croatia.

The results of the census, carried out in Croatia in April, made public: population 4,760,344: 77.9 % of that number are Croats, 12.2 % Serbs, 2.2 Yugoslavs, etc.

• 21

Three policemen killed in Daruvar, Croatia. A heavy mortar attack on Erdut. 830 residents of the nearby villages arrive in Petrinja in fear of attacks of Serb irregulars.

• 22

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman leaves the extended session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) held in Ohrid, Macedonia, in protest of continuing “terrorist acts against Croatia”.

A heavy mortar attack on Vinkovci, Croatia, left 21 policemen dead. Yugoslav Peo-ple's Army (JNA) Air Force jets rocket a unit of the National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde – ZNG) in the village of Novi Čakovci, Croatia, and kill three guardsmen.

Rail traffic between Zagreb and Belgrade suspended.

1991 July Page 41

• 23

Eastern Slavonian villages inhabited by Croats continually attacked.

• 24

A delegation of EC monitors holds talks with the President of the Republic of Cro-atia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman and other members of the Croatian leadership, who requested the arrival of foreign observers.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) officers dressed in civilian clothes kill two Croatian guardsmen in Vinkovci, Croatia.

167 Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) officers and soldiers deserted from the barracks in Osiek and Vinkovci this month.

Croat houses in Novi Slankamen, Croatia, and other villages of eastern Sriem attacked.

• 25

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units from Vojvodina launch a heavy artillery attack on the Police Training Center in Erdut, Croatia, killing nine and wounding seventeen members of the National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde – ZNG).

• 26

A session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY); the situation in Croatia is discussed.

Crisis headquarters established throughout Croatia.

The coordinated attacks on Hrvatska Kostajnica, Kozibrod, Glina, Viduševac, Pre-kopa, all in Croatia, include the use of cannons for the first time.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) soldiers kill German journalist Egon Scotland in the village of Jukinac near Glina, Croatia; he was the first journalist killed in the war in Croa-tia.

The Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina suspends the sending of new recruits to the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).

• 27

Fighting continues in the Banija, Croatia, region; ten policemen are killed. Croatian police forces are pushed out of Glina by Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units and Serb irregulars. The town of Ilok, Croatia, fired at from Vojvodina; four guardsmen wounded.

• 28

Croat residents of the village of Struga, Croatia, brutally killed by Serb irregulars; their houses are looted and burned. Mortar attacks on Vukovar and the town of Otočac in the Lika region.

• 29

The European Community (EC) Ministerial Council begins its session in Brussels, Belgium, with the discussion on Yugoslav crisis; the session is also attended by two (Bos-

Page 42 August 1991

nian and Herzegovinan and Macedonian) members of the Presidium of the Socialist Fed-erative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), the President of the Federal Executive Council of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia Ante Marković and Yugoslav Foreign Sec-retary Budimir Lončar. The EC Foreign Ministers offered to quadruple the number of EC observers to 200 plus 400 support staff, mentioning that these observers would go into Croatia only if their safety was guaranteed and if all parties accepted a ceasefire.

Fighting continues in the area of Vukovar, in Banija and in Baranja, Croatia.

The Macedonian Parliament requests the withdrawal of Macedonian soldiers from the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units fighting in Croatia.

• 30

Stipe Mesić, the President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), leaves the session of the Presidium in protest of Branko Kostić being elected the head of the committee for overseeing the implementation of the cease-fire in Croatia.

The European Community (EC) Ministerial Council passes a six-item plan for the solution of crisis in Yugoslavia.

Fighting continues in all Croatian crisis areas; more than 100 shells fired at Otočac.

• 31

Residential quarters of Osiek, Croatia, attacked with mortars from the village of Tenja, Croatia, and from Yugoslav People's Army's barracks inside Osiek. Croats leave the town of Hrvatska Kostajnica, Croatia, in a column several kilometers long. Vukovar, Borovo Naselje and the villages of Komarevo and Blinjski Kut near Sisak, all in Croatia, attacked.

A session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY): Croatian and Slovenian representatives demand the immediate arrival of Euro-pean Community (EC) monitors into Croatia; Serbian members oppose that.

With the fighting between Serbs and Croatians worsening in eastern Croatia, Presi-dent of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tudjman announced that legislation had been prepared to offer home-rule to the Serb community in the self-proclaimed Serb Autono-mous Region (SAR) of Krajina.

August

• 1

An extra-ordinary sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia begins.

The massacre of Croatian soldiers and civilians in Dalj, Croatia. The surviving civil-ians are evacuated. They join hundreds of civilians who were forced to leave Aljmaš and Erdut and escape to Osiek, all in Croatia.

Vukovar and Borovo Naselje, Croatia, attacked continually for two hours from the air and with heavy artillery. Sunja, Croatia, bombed with grenade launchers.

1991 August Page 43

• 2

At a session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), the President Stipe Mesić demands the withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army into barracks; contrary to that, Serbian members demand an even stronger engagement of the Army.

The extra-ordinary sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia continues: the representatives vote unanimously in support of the new Government, called “the Gov-ernment of the democratic unity” (because it included the members of all Parliamentary parties).

New attacks on Osiek, Vukovar and Kruševo (Zadar municipality).

• 3

The Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) votes in favor of the “Decision on Immediate and Absolute Cease-Fire in Croatia”.

Third day of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia's extra-ordinary sitting: the Parliament freezes all relations with Serbia.

Lieutenant-general Martin Špegelj resigns from his position as the Commander-in-chief of the Croatian National Guard (ZNG).

• 4

A session of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), where, with the participation of the European Community (EC) delegation of three Ministers (Luxembourg, Netherlands and Portugal), a new peace document was supposed to be signed, wasn’t held because Slobodan Milošević and four Serbian repre-sentatives didn’t come.

Three Croatian policemen killed in an ambush in the village of Budačka Rieka near Plitvice, Croatia. Croatian journalist Stjepan Penić killed in Dalj, Croatia.

• 5

The latest reports reveal that more than a hundred civilians, policemen and guards-men have been killed in the Dalj massacre (see August 1, 1991).

556 Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) tanks deployed in the area from the Hungarian border to the Sava river in eastern Slavonia, Croatia.

Fighting continues in the area of Vukovar and in Banija, as well as in the Zadar and Šibenik hinterland.

Foreign Affairs Ministries of Belgium and France announce that their countries shall demand the convocation of the United Nations (UN) Security Council because of the situation in Yugoslavia.

Foreign Affairs Ministries of the United States of America (USA) and Germany denounce Serbia as the one responsible for the failure of the European Community (EC) delegation’s mission in Yugoslavia.

Page 44 August 1991

• 6

The “Decision on Absolute and Unconditional Cease-Fire in Yugoslavia" is passed at a Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) session.

Croatian Ministry of Defense requests the release of the Croatian citizens serving in the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).

An extra-ordinary session of the Europen Community (EC) Ministerial Council: the Council offers to convoke an international conference on the future of Yugoslavia.

Serb irregulars and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) attack on Osiek, Vinkovci, Vukovar, Lovinac, Sarvaš, Podum and Saborsko, all in Croatia. JNA assault units, helicop-ters and Yugoslav Navy vessels take possession of the island of Šolta, off the coast of Split, Croatia.

• 7

The latest cease fire called on by the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) goes into effect, but isn't effective: Osiek, Vinkovci, Beli Manastir, Vukovar, Čeminac, Saborsko and Topusko, all in Coratia, continue to suffer the attacks of the Serb irregulars and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). JNA units withdraw from the island of Šolta, Croatia.

Macedonian Parliament passes the Decision to hold the referendum on Macedo-nian independence.

The Western European Union (WEU) Council convened in London to discuss a possible monitoring role.

• 8

Osiek, Croatia, and the villages of the Osiek area inhabited by Croats and Hungars shelled with mortars.

• 9

The Crisis Committee of the Conference on European Security and Cooperation (CSCE) asks all sides in Yugoslavia to begin the discussion on the future of the country before August 15, 1991.

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and the Serb irregulars prevent foreign and domestic journalists from entering Dalj, Croatia, with the federal committee (see July 30, 1991).

Fighting continues in eastern Slavonia and in Baranja. Women and children evacu-ated from the attacked town of Sunja, Croatia. The shutting down of the waterwork pipes near the town of Obrovac leaves Zadar and its area without drinking water.

• 10

Croatian Television cameraman Gordan Lederer killed in Hrvatska Kostajnica, Cro-atia.

The first prisoner exchange: two Croatian guardsmen traded for three Yugoslav Peo-ple's Army (JNA) reservists in Vinkovci, Croatia.

1991 August Page 45

After the Croatian refugees returned to Hrvatska Kostajnica, Croatia, the Serb irreg-ulars start shelling the town with mortars again.

• 11

20 prisoners exchanged near Županja.

The attacks on the area of Vukovar, on Osiek and on the Zadar and Šibenik hinter-land continue.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia announces the soon forming of the Commanding Headquarters of the Croatian National Guard (ZNG).

• 12

The Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević orchestrated a summit in Belgrade, where it was proposed to draft a new constitution for those republics which wished to stay in Yugoslavia as a “confederation of equal republics and peoples”.

• 13

The Government of the Republic of Croatia announces that some 30,000 people have left their homes in Croatia.

Belgrade Television reports the establishment of the “Serb Autonomous Region of Western Slavonia”, which includes the areas of Okučani, Novska, Pakrac, Slavonska Požega, Daruvar, Grubišno Polje, Virovitica, Bjelovar, Orahovica, Našice, Đakovo and Jasenovac, all in Croatia.

A clash in the center of Beli Manastir, Croatia, resulted in one person killed and two heavily wounded. Vukovar and Borovo Naselje attacked by Yugoslav Navy vessels on the Danube river. Osiek and Sunja attacked with mortars. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) sol-diers opened fire from the barracks in the center of Petrinja on the nearby police station.

• 14

The fighting continues in Dalmatia, Lika, Banija, Kordun, eastern Slavonia and in Baranja. Five victims of a massacre found in the village of Lovinac, Croatia.

The admission of volunteers to the units of the Serbian Territorial Defense begins in Belgrade and other cities of Serbia.

• 15

The passage of a big convoy of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) armored vehicles and trucks, coming from Vojvodina, reported from the town of Tovarnik, Croatia.

• 16

The fighting spreads into the region of western Slavonia; first clashes in the area of the town of Okučani. A helicopter carrying EC monitors shot down by Serb irregulars; the pilot slightly wounded. Four civilians brutally massacred in the town of Bjelovar. Osiek attacked again from the direction of Bielo Brdo and Tenja, Croatia, where the Serb extremist Željko Ražnjatović Arkan takes over the control.

Page 46 August 1991

• 17

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces and Serb irregulars enter Okučani. The bridge between Stara Gradiška, Croatia, and Bosanska Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina, blown up. Beli Manastir, Komarevo, Lovinac, Osiek, Sarvaš, Nemtin and Stara Gradiška, all in Croatia, attacked.

Mile Martić, the Minister of the Interior of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina, gives an ultimatum to the Croatian Police forces in the village of Kievo, Croatia, to leave the village within 48 hours.

• 19

The center of Osiek attacked with mortars and artillery and bombed by Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Air Force planes; many dead and wounded, cultural monuments (Osiek cathedral) and industrial facilities damaged.

• 20

Fighting in the streets of Vukovar, Pakrac and Darda. Sunja and Komarevo attacked, all in Croatia.

Foreign Affairs ministers of Slovenia and Croatia hold talks with their German col-league Hans Dietrich Genscher in Bonn.

• 21

Željko Ražnjatović Arkan sends a demand from Tenja, Croatia, to the mayor of Osiek, Croatia, to surrender the city. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units entrench the tanks and heavy artillery around Zadar and its area. The JNA and the Serb irregulars enter Beli Manastir, Croatia. Croatian forces crush groups of Serb irregulars in an counterattack near Pakrac.

The Vice-president of the Serbian Government Budimir Košutić states that the interior borders in Yugoslavia, especially Serbian borders, are not legal and legitimate, and that they should be changed.

• 22

Croatian forces crush groups of Serb irregulars in the area of Daruvar and Grubišno Polje. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units and Serb irregulars occupied the largest part of the Beli Manastir municipality. JNA forces enter the town of Tržić near Slunj. Sarvaš attacked by planes. The Serb irregulars from the village of Jasenaš kidnap 17 civilians, three of whom are children.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a letter to the Presidium of SFRY demanding from the Presidium to put an end to all aggressive actions before 31st of August, otherwise Croatia shall undertake all necessary steps in order to protect its territorial integrity.

94 officers and soldiers desert from the barracks in Vinkovci and join Croatian forces.

1991 August Page 47

• 23

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units and Serb irregulars conquer the largest part of the Baranja region and surround Osiek. The aggressors stopped in a fierce clash near Darda and Mece. JNA units keep assuming strategic positions around Zadar and Šibenik. JNA units enter Mirkovci, Croatia.

• 24

Croatia: A massive attack of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) on Vukovar. Addi-tional JNA reserve forces arrive into the areas of Sisak, Okučani, Novska and Nova Gradiška in the region of Posavina. The regions of Banija and Moslavina continually shelled.

German Foreign Affairs Minister Hans Dietrich Genscher gives a stern warning to the Yugoslav Ambassador in Bonn by informing him that Germany shall take into consid-eration the recognition of Croatia if the bloodshed isn't stopped immediately.

• 25

The Croatian Police and National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde – ZNG) units pre-vent a big convoy of armored vehicles from crossing the Sava river between Orašje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Županja, Croatia. Vukovar and Borovo Naselje, Croatia attacked by ground and air. Combined Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Serb irregular forces attack Kievo, Vrlika, Pakrac and Grubišno Polje, all in Croatia. JNA forces and Croatian forces clash in the streets of Sinj. Croatian forces blockade all JNA barracks in the area of Sinj. Petrinja police headquarters fiercely attacked. The houses of Croatians who fled Baranja looted.

• 26

Croatian forces blockade all accesses to Šibenik. Fierce battles for Vukovar, Kievo, Vrlika and Kruševo, Croatia. Yugoslav People's Army airplanes bomb Sunja, Croatia.

Austrian Chancellor Frantz Vranitzky states that Austria shall urge the European countries to recognize Croatia and Slovenia.

• 27

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Serb irregular forces enter Kievo, Croatia. A convoy of 50 tanks from Kupres heads for the area of Šibenik and Zadar.

Extensive Yugoslav People's Army movements begin in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman talks with the Secre-tary of the Federal Secretariat for People’s Defence (Defence Minister) of the Socialist Fed-erative Republic of Yugoslavia, General Veljko Kadijević, on the island of Brijuni, Croatia.

European Community (EC) Ministerial Council meeting in Brussels, Belgium: the three Baltic republics recognized. The EC Foreign Ministers mentioned Serbia’s responsi-bility for the conflict and envisaged a monitored ceasefire, the formation of an EC arbitra-tion committee and an international Peace Conference on Yugoslavia, scheduled for September 1, 1991.

Page 48 September 1991

• 28

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) soldiers kill the Croatian television cameraman Žarko Kajić in Osiek. Kievo, Croatia, burnt to the ground; the journalists denied entrance into the village.

• 29

Vukovar systematically destroyed with heavy artillery and air strikes. The Serb irreg-ulars demand the surrender of the police forces in Plitvice, threatening to level the police station with the ground. The village of Skela near the river Glina, Croatia, burnt and the residents of the village massacred by Serb irregulars.

• 30

A fierce attack on Vukovar leaves 16 people killed and 95 wounded; a short lull is used to evacuate children and older persons, and to bring medicaments and food into the town. Attacks on Gospić and its area, the village of Velika Glava (Šibenik municipality), Nuštar and Vinkovci, all in Croatia.

• 31

The police station in Plitvice, Croatia, attacked. The non-Serb inhabitants of the occupied Baranja constantly maltreated; the residents of a number of villages executed after being “court-martialed”; the occupational authorities proclaim that the property of the displaced Croatians who don't return within next 48 hours shall be confiscated.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Air Force jets force two foreign civilian airplanes to land on the Zagreb airport.

September

• 1

A Ceasefire Agreement and a Memorandum on Consent to the demands of the European Community (EC) signed in Belgrade.

The fighting intensifies in the area of Banija, Croatia. A fierce attack on Daruvar. A help in food and clothes arrives in Vukovar.

An airplane of Uganda Airlines forced to land on Zagreb airport. The Yugoslav Peo-ple's Army (JNA) authorities confiscate the plane and its cargo of weapons and arrest the Canadian citizen Anton Kikaš, who was on board.

• 2

The Ceasefire Agreement from September 1, 1991, provided for the European Community (EC), Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), and rep-resentatives of all parties to the conflict to monitor the ceasefire, while extending the EC observer mission into the territory of the Republic of Croatia.

Despite the ceasefire, the center of Petrinja, Croatia, is fiercely attacked with canons and machine-guns from the Petrinja barracks. Sisak Steelworks and Oil Refinery attacked. 40 civilians massacred in the village of Berak near Vukovar.

1991 September Page 49

• 3 – 4

35 countries gathered at the Conference for European Security and Cooperation (CSCE) Crisis Committee meeting if Prague send an Appeal for the respect of the cease-fire in Croatia. The CSCE cals for an embargo on weapons and war equipment against all parties involved in the conflict.

• 3

The representatives of 12 European Community (EC) countries in The Hague, Holland, appoint the former British Foreign Minister Lord Peter Alexander Rupert Car-rington to the position of the Coordinator of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia; the Conference itself is rescheduled for the September 7, 1991.

Osiek shelled from the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) base; the day-long attack left 14 persons dead and 28 wounded. Air Force jets drop cluster bombs on Gospić. The Serb irregulars from the town of Obrovac, Croatia, fire tank grenades at the Maslenica bridge. JNA forces deployed along Croatia-Vojvodina border fire at residential quarters of Vuko-var. JNA personnel surrenders the barracks in Sisak to Croatian forces.

• 4

The positions of the Croatian forces in Hrvatska Kostajnica, Croatia, fiercely attacked with mortars and canons. Croatian forces in the areas of Otočac, Gospić and Daruvar attacked. Vukovar continually shelled. Croatian forces repel the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) attack on Okučani.

The members of the “Bulwark of Love” movement, after demonstrating in Brussels, Belgium, and Bonn, Germany, arrive in Frankfurt and Munich, both in Germany.

• 5

Pope John Paul II calls on 800 million Catholics of the world to pray for peace in Croatia and other republics of Yugoslavia.

The village of Kostajnički Majur, Croatia, is literally leveled with the ground after being continually attacked throughout the last couple of days. The fiercest attack on Vuk-ovar since the beginning of the war. Osiek center shelled; after refusing to shoot at the cit-izens of Osiek, two Yugoslav People's Army soldiers executed by firing squad in the “Milan Stanivuković” barracks. Croatian forces, upon entering the plundered and burned villages of Balinci and Četekovac in the Podravska Slatina municipality, Croatia, find the bodies of 24 massacred civilians.

• 6

Croatian forces repel the attacks on Nova Gradiška, Croatia. The Osiek cathedral severely damaged in the recent attacks.

• 7

The international Peace Conference on Yugoslavia begins in The Hague, Holland under the chairmanship of Lord Carrington. At the same time, an arbitration commis-sion of eminent constitutional lawyers is appointed. In a declaration, it is established as a basis for negotiations that: – internal borders could not be changed by force; – the rights of minorities must be guaranteed; – full account must be taken of all legitimate concerns

Page 50 September 1991

and aspirations. It is also declared that any differences which could not be resolved through negotiation would be submitted to an arbitration commission.

The referendum on independence begins in Macedonia.

The Republic of Croatia cuts off of oil supplies to the Republic of Serbia.

• 8

The industrial zone of Sisak attacked again. New clashes in Banija region. Mortar attacks on Gospić and Novska. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) brings new armaments into Okučani area. A massive attack on Pakrac, Croatia, successfully fought off.

Some 4500 DPs registered in Sisak, Croatia.

First results of the Macedonian referendum: 70 % of the population decided in favor of the independence.

• 9

Mile Martić, the Minister of the Interior of the self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina, arrested in the town of Bosanska Krupa, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cro-atia demands his extradition, but, after the Yugoslav People's Army put pressure on Bosanska Krupa police authorities, he is released and transferred to Knin.

The villages of Kruševo and Jasenica in the Zadar municipality, Croatia, are attacked.

• 10

The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina asks the European Community (EC) to send observers to its territory. While nationalist Serbs were taking control of Serb areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, calls for the establishment of a six-mile demilitarised zone along the Una and Sava rivers to separate the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Republic of Croatia.

Attacks on Osiek, Karlovac, Gospić, Otočac and Kruševo, all in Croatia.

• 11 – 12

With the cut-off of oil supplies to Serbia by Croatia on September 7, 1991, and heavy fighting in the Republic of Croatia in the following days, European Community (EC) monitors admitted that their peace mission had failed and warned that they would leave Yugoslavia if their safety could not be guaranteed.

• 11

Stipe Mesić, the President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), orders the units of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) to withdraw into barracks within 48 hours. JNA Commander-in-chief General Veljko Kadijević refuses to obey this order.

A fierce clash between Croatian forces and Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units near the Maslenica bridge. Otočac, Croatia, attacked.

1991 September Page 51

In his speech at a meeting of the Conference on European Security and Coopera-tion (CSCE), US Secretary of State James Baker blamed the Serbian leaders and the Yugo-slav People's Army (JNA) for the bloodshed in Yugoslavia.

• 12

After General Kadijević's refusal to withdraw the Yugoslav People's Army into bar-racks, Stipe Mesić states that the Army has carried out a coup in Yugoslavia.

500 projectiles fell on Vinkovci in today's attack. A massive Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Serb irregular attack forces the Croatian units to retreat from their positions in the villages of Jasenica and Kruševo.

Skradin, Croatia, and its hinterland attacked with mortars.

• 13

Second round of the Peace Conference in The Hague, Holland, ends with no signif-icant result. The European Community (EC) Arbitration Commission, headed by Robert Badinter, is established. [Later this Commission will often be called the “Badinter Com-mission”.]

The Senate of the United States of America (USA) passes the Resolution on Yugo-slavia, which denounces the aggressive politics of Serbia and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).

Combined Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) / Serb irregular forces enter Hrvatska Kostajnica, Croatia. Some 300 defenders of the town managed to escape into the Repub-lic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B-H), where they surrender to the units of the B-H Terri-torial Defense in Bosanska Kostajnica; the defenders who stayed behind are imprisoned. Croatian forces shoot down a helicopter and capture a group of JNA officers, General Aksentijević among others, in the area of Karlovac. Nine civilians are killed in an attack of the JNA tanks on the “Borovo” factory in Vukovar.

The self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region of Herzegovina, B-H, is formed.

• 14

Based on the Order of the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the blockade of all Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) barracks in Croatia begins. A few bar-racks immediately surrender.

Serb irregulars attack Croatian forces in Topusko. Vukovar and Borovo Naselje fiercely attacked; Croatian forces suffer heavy losses.

• 15

The first air raid alarm in Zagreb.

Croatian forces take possession of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Air Force Headquarters in Zagreb. More and more barracks surrender.

Four people killed in the attack on the Osiek hospital. The fighting continues in Slavonia, especially around Vukovar and Vinkovci. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) attacks the town of Ploče by land and sea. Clashes in the areas of Zadar and Šibenik.

Page 52 September 1991

The mobilization of Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reserve force begins in Monte-negro.

• 16

The President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) Stipe Mesić sends a letter to the President of the UN Security Council asking for the Peace keeping forces to be deployed along the republics’ borders.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) jets rocket the Croatian television transmitters on the Sljeme mountain near Zagreb and at Grbe near the town of Nin.

The attacks on Osiek continue, the hospital is constantly shelled; Croatian forces destroy ten Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) tanks near the city. A heavy attack on Otočac; four people killed, the Holy Trinity Church completely destroyed.

Hungarian Anti-aircraft defense shoots down three Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) airplanes which violated Hungarian airspace.

United States of America (USA) Consulate General in Zagreb asks all USA citizens to leave Croatia.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) barracks in Slavonski Brod, Koprivnica, Makarska, Petrinja, Podravska Slatina and Lučko surrender to Croatian forces.

• 17

A meeting between Lord Carrington, Croatian President Dr. Franjo Tuđman, Ser-bian President Slobodan Milošević and General Veljko Kadijević, Federal Defense Secre-tary, held in Igalo, Montenegro. A new Ceasefire Agreement is signed.

Air-raids on Varaždin, Čakovec, Novska, Nova Gradiška and the Osiek industrial zone; the Croatian television transmitter on the mountain of Psunj rocketed. Fierce fight-ing in the suburbs of Vukovar.

All Croatian ports blockaded by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Navy; the sea traffic along the Croatian coast interrupted.

A number of air-raid alarms in Zagreb.

• 18

Petrinja, Croatia, occupied. Vukovar and its area attacked with multiple rocket launchers. Vinkovci attacked day and night by all available means of force.

Because of the disrespect of the Igalo Ceasefire Agreement, Ante Marković, the President of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), requests the resignation of the SFRY Secretary of the Fed-eral Secretariat for People’s Defence (Defence Minister), General Veljko Kadijević, and Navy Admiral Stane Brovet.

• 19

Croatian Minister of Education and Culture Vlatko Pavletić appeals for the protec-tion of the Croatian heritage.

1991 September Page 53

Yugoslav People's Army barracks in the area of Ogulin, as well as all Army facilities in the area of Čakovec, surrender to Croatian forces.

Following increasing violations of Hungarian national air space by Yugoslav military aircraft and border incidents, the Hungarian Prime Minister offered to help the European Community (EC) monitor the borders with Yugoslavia.

The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Helmut Kohl and the Presi-dent of the French Republic, çois Mitterrand suggest sending a peace-keeping force to Yugoslavia, which should operate in a buffer zone, under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU). The United Kingdom, however, opposed sending a peace-keeping force because it would represent a long-term commitment.

A Communique issued after a meeting of EC Foreign Ministers and WEU Defence Ministers states that “no military intervention is contemplated”, but proposes that WEU should explore ways of supporting the activities of EC monitors to make their contribu-tion more effective. A study by military experts is immediately set in motion.

• 20

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) / Serb irregular forces, together with the JNA Navy and Air Force, attack Šibenik. The fighting continues around Vukovar and Vinkovci. 13 JNA planes and two helicopters shot down in the cities of Osiek and Šibenik and in the region of Baranja, Croatia.

In a letter to the Secretary of the Federal Secretariat for People’s Defence (Defence Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, General Veljko Kadijević, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman proposes the lifting of the bar-racks’ blockade in exchange for the suspension of all attacks.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reserve force units from the Republic of Montenegro enter the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 21

The European Parliament asks its member countries to consider the recognition of the Republics of Croatia and Slovenia.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units arriving from Serbia demolish a number of vil-lages in eastern Slavonia, Fierce fighting in the Sisak-Petrinja area. Air Force planes attack the villages Komarevo, Šašina Greda, Budaševo and Zvečevo, all in Croatia.

14,000 members of the reserve force mobilized in Serbia.

• 22

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the Secretary of the Federal Secretariat for People’s Defence (Defence Minister) of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, General Veljko Kadijević, issue the orders for a cease-fire, coming into effect as of 15:00 hours.

A heavy attack on Zadar; the entire city shelled.

The Yugoslav People's Army barracks in Varaždin, Croatia, surrender.

Page 54 September 1991

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, appeals to the President of the Republic of Montenegro Momir Bulatović to order the withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reserve units which arrived into the territory of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 23

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) planes bomb Gospić, Karlobag, Bilaj and Smil-jani; the radar instalations in Velika Gorica and the Pleso airport are also bombed. Fierce fighting around Karlovac, all in Croatia.

The blockade of Croatian ports lifted.

• 24

The Government of the Republic of Croatia adopts a five-issue Declaration on the Yugoslav People's Army. The respect of the cease-fire, the suspension of all attacks and the withdrawal of all Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) units deployed in Croatia is requested among other things.

The center of Daruvar attacked with mortars, canons and tanks. Vinkovci attacked by Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Air Force jets. Montenegroan members of the JNA reserve force, deployed in eastern Herzegovina and in Montenegro, repeatedly opened fire on the villages in Konavle and Župa Dubrovačka.

• 25

The UN Security Council passes the Resolution 713. The Council fully supports the collective efforts for peace and dialogue in Yugoslavia, and decides that all States immediately implement a general and complete embargo on all deliveries of weapons and military equipment to Yugoslavia. The Council also requests the UN Secretary General, Perez de Cuellar, to assist with mediation.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the President of the Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, and Secretary of the Federal Secretariat for Peo-ple’s Defence (Defence Minister), Veljko Kadijević, resume their talks in Igalo, Montene-gro.

The fighting continues on all fronts. After refusing to fight on Vinkovci and Okučani front, more than a hundred members of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reserve force shot by JNA officers.

• 26

The fourth round of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia begins in The Hague, Holland. The President of the Conference, Lord Carrington warns that no economic aid could be forthcoming until a long-term constitutional solution has been found. The con-ference set up three working groups to meet immediately, chaired by the European Com-mission, to study: – constitutional solutions; – economic relations between the republics; – the position of ethnic minorities.

The European Community (EC) continued to broker ceasefire agreements which often collapsed again on the same day.

1991 October Page 55

Dubrovnik municipality attacked. Considerable successes of the Croatian forces in the region of Lika; the Serb forces pushed back towards Lovinac, Croatia.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces withdraw from the barracks in Vinkovci.

• 27

The Government of the Republic of Croatia accepts the UN Security Counicl Res-olution 713.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reinforcements stopped near the villages of Stari Jankovci and Novi Jankovci, Croatia. A massive offensive on Vukovar successfully repelled.

• 28

Croatia: Air-raids on Pakrac and Daruvar. Fierce fighting continues around Osiek, Vinkovci and Vukovar. A column of 170 Army vehicles stopped near the village of Tordinci.

Croatian forces take over the barracks on the island of Korčula and in Bjelovar.

• 29

260 Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) soldiers, who surrendered during the battles for Šibenik, sent home.

• 30

An 80 km long column of 400 Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) vehicles, headed for Croatia, passes through Vojvodina.

The Dubrovnik waters blocked by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Navy.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a letter to the European Community (EC) asking the 12 ministers to secure a cease-fire in Croatia and to put political pressure on Serbia.

The members of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reserve force demonstrate in front of the Serbian Parliament's building.

The Yugoslav People's Army barracks in Koprivnica, Croatia, surrender.

The last day of duty of the first Head of Mission (HOM) of the European Commu-nity Monitor Mission (ECMM), Ambassador Jan Van Der Valk.

October

• 1

The second Head of Mission (HOM) of the European Community Monitor Mis-sion (ECMM) is Ambassador Dirk Jan Van Houten.

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) puts an Ultimatum on Croatia by threatening to destroy one vital facility for every attacked or occupied Army facility. The threat is

Page 56 October 1991

immediately carried out with new attacks on Vinkovci, Zadar and, for the first time, Dubrovnik.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia rejected the Ultimatum and pleaded for the peaceful dialogue. The Government also introduced a 4.5 % war tax on wages.

• 2

Fierce fighting on all fronts, especially around Dubrovnik, Vinkovci and Vukovar.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a letter to US President George Bush, asking him to put a stop to the catastrophe and to send a mission of military experts. In a letter to Lord Carrington and Minister Van den Broek, Tuđman suggests the sending of the peace-keeping forces into Croatia.

Montenegroan Prime Minister Milo Đukanović states that “the border with Croatia cannot remain the way it was drawn by bolshevik cartographers”.

• 3

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Navy introduces the blockade of the traffic along the Croatian coast again.

The four Serbian members of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) announce that “the Presidium has gone over into working under the conditions of the immediate war danger, and is, therefore, taking over some of the respon-sibilities of the Federal Assembly”; this was, basically, the proclamation of a coup, through which the power was seized by the so-called “Serbian gang of four”.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia calls for a peaceful and mutually con-sented disbendment of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).

• 4

Croatian television transmitter on the mountain of Sljeme, near Zagreb, rocketed again; so were the television repeaters on Pelješac, Srđ, Biokovo and Labišnica, all in Cro-atia.

The partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) passes the Decision on partial mobilization, the carrying out of which is entrusted to the “Armed forces Supreme Command Headquarters”.

The so-called “Igalo Agreement” agreed upon and signed again by Tuđman, Milošević, Kadijević, Van den Broek, Carrington and Wijnaendts in The Hague, Hol-land.

• 5

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, addressing the nation, calls for the defense of the country.

The devastation of Osiek, Dubrovnik, Nova Gradiška, Sisak and Pakrac continues. The transmitter on Sljeme, near Zagreb, rocketed again.

The putchist Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) issues a new order, rendering more severe measures against those who try to evade the mobilization.

1991 October Page 57

Thousands of displaced persons turned back at the Hungarian border.

German Government sends a demand to the Yugoslav one, asking it to immediately suspend all wartime operations.

• 6

Croatia: The old city core of Zadar shelled. Tank battle for Nuštar. Vinkovci attacked with napalm and phosphate bombs. Lučko airport rocketed.

• 7

The moratorium on the Decision on Independence of the Parliament of the Repub-lic of Croatia expires.

The moratorium on the Decision on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Slovenia expires. In this framework, the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) agrees to withdraw from Slovenia by October 25, 1991, and to hand over military hardware to the Slovenian authorities.

Two Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Air Force jets rocket Banski Dvori, the Presi-dential Residence in Zagreb, where 11 air-raid alarms were sounded during the day.

Vinkovci showered with cluster bombs, 250 kilo bombs and missiles of great destructive power the entire day. Zadar completely isolated.

The partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) announces a cease-fire if the “dislocation of the surrounded garrisons” is made possible.

The crossing-points between Croatia and Slovenia established.

Austrian Foreign Minister Alois Mock announces that Croatians and Slovenians can travel to Austria without passports.

• 8

The sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia: the validity of the Decision and the Declaration on Independence and Sovereignty of the Republic of Croatia, passed on June 25, 1991, confirmed; all state and legal bonds with other republics of Yugoslavia are broken, and the Yugoslav People’s Army is identifyed as an invading force. Stipe Mesić is recalled from his position as the member and the President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). The sitting was held in the basement of the INA [the Croatian oil industry company] building.

The eighth Ceasefire Agreement signed in Zagreb.

The State Department of the United States of America (USA) calls the USA citizens to leave Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo as soon as possible.

The negotiations between the Croatian side and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) start in the Hotel “I”, the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) headquar-ters. The negotiatiors appointed are: for the Croatian side – Colonel Imra Agotić and Stjepan Adanić; for the JNA side – Major-General Andrija Rašeta and Colonel Aranđelo Stamenković, and as witnesses the representatives of ECMM – Ambassador Dirk J. Van Houten and General Johannes Kosters.

Page 58 October 1991

• 9

A dramatic appeal for help sent from Vukovar. Osiek, Belišće, Laslovo, Vukovar, Borovo Naselje and Nova Gradiška attacked. Fighting around Karlovac and Pakrac and in Šibenik hinterland, all in Croatia.

Only four Army facilities in Zagreb still remain in the hands of the Yugoslav Peo-ple's Army (JNA); other facilities either surrendered or are being moved out.

The self-proclaimed Great National Assembly of the Serb Autonomous Regions of Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem passes a Decision through which the Serb irregular units in this area become a part of the armed forces of this self-proclaimed “country”.

Hungary seeks financial aid from the United Nations (UN) for more than 25,000 Croatian displaced persons in this country.

• 10

Croatia: Hand to hand combat in the fiercest battle for Vukovar so far. Heavy bombing of Osiek and Sisak. Fighting in Pakrac. After the exodus of the inhabitants, the villages of the Drniš area burned.

A meeting between Tuđman, Milošević, Kadijević and Van den Broek in The Hague, Holland: it is decided that the Yugoslav People's Army must leave Croatia in next 30 days.

The blockade of the Split port lifted.

The delegation of the “Bulwark of Love” movement arrives in Moscow.

• 11

Fierce clashes for the control over Vukovar continue; missiles are fired at the whole town area, while a humanitarian convoy tries to get the permission of the besieging forces to pass through.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Navy intercepts the “Slavija” ferry, which was trans-porting the wounded, women and children from Dubrovnik. The crew of the Navy boat maltreats the passengers for four hours.

Yugoslav People's Army forces capture the Minister in the Government of the Republic of Croatia Muhamed Zulić in Banija region, Croatia.

The Agreement on the Departure of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Troops from Zadar is signed.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) authorities and the Serbian establishment state that the withdrawal of the Army from Croatia, which was agreed upon at the meeting in The Hague, Holland, on the fourth of this month, is “totally unacceptable in the areas of Cro-atia where the Serbs live”.

The European Community (EC) Presidency states that a document on the with-drawal of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) from Croatia hasn't been signed, but the ver-bal agreement is considered binding.

1991 October Page 59

• 12

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces besieging Vukovar turn back the human-itarian convoy claiming that they have found a hand-grenade hidden in one of the emer-gency vehicles.

UN Special Envoy Cyrus Vance arrives in Belgrade.

• 13

The humanitarian convoy arrives into the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) barracks in Vukovar, where the Army authorities continue to play games with allowing the convoy to reach the defenders and the inhabitants of the besieged town. At the same time, the entering of the convoy is used to bring the Serb irregular reinforcements into the town.

Appeals for immediate help sent from the besieged Dubrovnik.

Explosions in the Army storage sites in Rieka and the nearby village of Oštarije, Croatia. The Army claims that the explosions were caused by lightning.

The Agreement on Yugoslav People's Army (JNA)'s Departure from Karlovac signed.

Branko Kostić, Serbian representative in the partial Presidium of the Socialist Feder-ative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), threatens that Yugoslavia will “show the door to the European Community” because it is becoming “more and more aggressive and less and less objective”.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces and Serb irregulars raze the Croat village of Ravno in Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The three-month mandate for the European Community (EC) monitors runs out, but is renewed indefinitely (see October 14, 1991).

• 14

The humanitarian convoy returned to Vinkovci from the Vukovar barracks; the negotiations on convoy's arrival to Vukovar start all over again.

After the coercive referendum on the removal of the citizens from the town of Ilok, Croatia, the negotiations on the surrender of the town are held.

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces use phosphate and napalm bombs in the clashes around Mošćenica, Croatia.

Fifth round of the Peace Conference in The Hague, Holland: an Agreement on the Prolongation of the European Community Monitor Mission in Yugoslavia (ECMM) is signed. General Johannes Kosters, whose mandate as the ECMM Head of Mission expires today, accuses the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) of being an aggressor.

A work group which is to be discussing operation details (e.g. how many trucks are necessary for the transports etc.) on the withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) from the area of the Republic of Croatia is instituted under the chairmanship of Ambassa-dor Van Heehan. The Croatian side is represented by Colonel Josip Čuletić and Colonel Andrija Stolnik, the JNA by General Vasiljević and Colonel Milan Erak.

Page 60 October 1991

• 15

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, signs the order which forbids any kind of political activity inside the Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV).

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces attack Ilok with canons, thusly trying to force the citizens of this town to move out. The heaviest attack on Sisak so far. The Army occu-pied the town of Cavtat near Dubrovnik.

A dramatic session of the Parliament the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Memorandum on Independence and Sovereignty of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzego-vina passed; the representatives of the Serb Democratic Party (Srpska Demokratska Stranka – SDS) walk out in protest.

The so-called Moscow Memorandum on Urgent Ceasefire signed by Dr. Franjo Tuđman, Slobodan Milošević and Mikhail Gorbachev.

The French “Doctors without borders” (Medecins sans frontiers) organization offers to organize a convoy to bring help into Vukovar.

• 16

As the situation in Vukovar grows more and more dramatic, the US Government demands from the Yugoslav Government to order the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) troops to permit the humanitarian convoy to pass through.

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) brings additional reservist forces into Cavtat.

The Parliament of the Republic of Croatia sets the December 10, 1991 as the dead-line for Army's departure from Croatia.

Slobodan Milošević and Dr. Franjo Tuđman hold talks with the Russian President Boris Jeltsin in Moscow.

• 17

The exodus of 15,000 Croatians from Ilok, Croatia, and the surrounding villages begins under the threat of cannon barrels.

12 Croatian towns attacked by Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Air Force planes; about ten planes were shot down.

The members of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reserve force loot the occupied Cavtat and Konavle, Croatia.

An Agreement on the Departure of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) from the region of Istria, Croatia, within next three weeks is reached in Pula.

• 18

The plenary session of the Peace Conference in The Hague, Holland: a three issue Ceasefire Agreement (immediate cease-fire, the lifting of the blockade of the barracks and the withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army from Croatia) is signed, as well as the Agreement on a Global Solution of the Yugoslav Crisis, proposed by Lord Carrington and immediately rejected by Slobodan Milošević. The EC proposes a plan for the future struc-ture of Yugoslavia which is loosely based on its own structure. The EC proposal envisages

1991 October Page 61

a free association of sovereign states co-operating on trade, fiscal and security matters, with a council of ministers, an executive commission and a court of appeal. The inde-pendence of republics within existing borders would be recognised if the republics so wished and minorities would be given a second nationality and their own schools and leg-islature. Of the six republics attending the conference, only Serbia rejects these proposals.

In referendums declared legal by the Serbian government, voters in Kosovo approve sovereignty, while those in Sandjak are in favour of autonomy.

Another Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) offensive on Vukovar repelled. The entire city of Dubrovnik fiercely shelled.

The destruction of the Oil Refinery and the residential areas of Sisak, Croatia. A whole-day attack on Osiek

• 19

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and General Veljko Kadijević order the ceasefire, but the fighting doesn't stop.

After endless negotiations, the convoy of help for Vukovar, led by the “Doctors Without Borders” (Medecins sans frontiers), reaches the besieged town, picks up the wounded and, after driving through a number of occupied villages in order to avoid repeating the indecisive negotiations with the Army, manages to reach the town of Đakovo. Two nurses were injured when the convoy came across two pressure mines dur-ing the return.

• 20

The center of Dubrovnik fired at from the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Navy ships and with the use of multiple rocket launchers.

• 21

The ceasefire is respected on most battlefields, but not in Vukovar, Croatia.

After the President of the Republic of Montenegro, Momir Bulatović, agreed with the political solution proposed by Lord Carrington in The Hague, Holland, which was rejected by Milošević (see October 18, 1991), the Montenegroan political establishment is divided - one side claims that this is a “treason of Serbhood”, while the other side consid-ers Bulatović's opinion the “beginning of Montenegrin reason”.

• 22

The partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) votes in favor of Kadijević's proposal for the mobilization in “Yugoslavia which will remain”.

A group of Montenegrin reservists protests in front of the Montenegroan television building.

• 23

A massive attack on Stari Grad (old city core) of Dubrovnik by land and sea; Euro-pean Community monitors testify about the attack.

Page 62 October 1991

Serbian representatives in the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzego-vina constitute the “Assembly of Serb people in Bosnia and Herzegovina”.

Additional Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces approach Croatia through Bosnia and Vojvodina.

Montenegroan President Momir Bulatović requests the withdrawal of Montene-groan reservists from the surroundings of Dubrovnik, explaining that Montenegro doesn’t have pretensions towards Dubrovnik.

• 24

The assault on the village of Kupari, Croatia, and the break-through near the village of Dubac, Croatia, brings the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces even closer to Dubrovnik, which is continually shelled. Additional JNA forces are brought in on the Vinkovci-Vukovar battlefield.

The partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) decides not to attend the session of The Hague Peace Conference tomorrow.

Parliament of the Republic of Serbia rejects The Hague Agreement.

• 25

Fighting on all battlefronts.

A session of the Peace Conference in The Hague, Holland: the finishing touches are put on a document called the “Draft of the Agreement on the Convention”.

The appeal to save Dubrovnik spreads throughout the world; UNESCO announces its arrival into the city. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) General Strugar requests the surren-der of the city.

The last Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces leave Slovenia.

• 26

Fierce clashes continue. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces break through near the village of Tordinci. A tank offensive repelled near the village of Bogdanovci, Croatia.

• 27

The attacks of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) repelled on the fronts at Karlovac, Pakrac, Sunja and Osiek, Croatia.

• 28

A session of the European Community (EC) Ministerial Council in Brussels, Bel-gium: the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) is harshly denounced for its continuing aggres-sion on Croatia, the four Serbian members of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) for the coup, and Serbia for its negative attitude towards the Peace Conference. November 10, 1991 is set as the deadline for the withdrawal of the JNA from Croatia.

A humanitarian convoy departs from Rieka for Dubrovnik.

1991 November Page 63

• 30

The humanitarian convoy departed from Rieka on October 28, 1991 reaches Dubrovnik.

The circle around Vukovar tightens every day, but the defenders still manage to hold the control of the town in ruins.

• 31

An artillery attack is launched on Zadar, Croatia, after two weeks of cease-fire.

November

• 1

Italian Foreign Minister Gianni De Michelis announces that the European Com-munity (EC) will recognize Croatia and Slovenia in December 1991.

• 2

A major artillery attack on Dubrovnik; fierce fighting on all fronts, especially in Vukovar, Zadar and around Pokupsko. The greatest devastation of Sisak since the begin-ning of the war. The Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) broke through to the village of Cerić beating the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces, but it didn’t have enough strength to hold the village.

• 3

A massive build-up of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) troops around Županja. Food shortage in Dubrovnik, which is continually shelled.

• 4

Considerable successes of the Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) on the battle-fronts of the Posavina region and around the town of Grubišno Polje. Additional 250 tanks leave for Vukovar in order to finally break down the town’s defense. Yugoslav Peo-ple's Army (JNA) General Mladen Bratić killed while inspecting the JNA troops around Vukovar.

Minister in the Government of the Republic of Croatia, Muhamed Zulić, who has been captured by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) on October 11, 1991, set free.

The introduction of the sanctions against Serbia discussed at the European Com-munity (EC) Ministerial Council meeting in Brussels, Belgium.

• 5

In The Hague, Holland, the eighth session of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia takes place. The Peace Plan proposed by Lord Carrington in October, has been amended to allow republics to form a common state, whose economy could be organised on non- market lines, which the article granting autonomy to the provinces of Kosovo and Vojvo-dina deleted. Serbia and Montenegro propose an amendment to permit not only repub-lics but also “nations” to remain within Yugoslavia. No agreement is reached.

Page 64 November 1991

After a clash, Croatian forces capture ammunition storehouses in the town of Del-nice, Croatia.

Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) Headquarters order all its units to cease fir-ing. Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces use this to conquer additional strategic points on the battlefronts, especially around Vukovar.

UN Special Envoy Cyrus Vance leaves for Belgrade; Lord Carrington refuses to accompany him because of the Serbian rejection of the Peace plan.

• 6

The fighting erupts on all battlefronts in Croatia again. Unsuccessful attempts were made by the Croatian forces to break through the blockade of Vukovar.

An “all for all” prisoner exchange Agreement signed by Croatian and Yugoslav authorities.

More than 400,000 refugees and displaced persons officially registered in Croatia.

German Chancellor Helmut Kohl requests an urgent recognition of Croatia and Slovenia. German Foreign Minister Hans Dietrich Genscher asks the UN to take into consideration economic sanctions against the remainder of Yugoslavia.

• 7

Air raids throughout Croatia. Varaždin and Karlovac rocketed. 3,000 shells of vari-ous caliber fired on Dubrovnik. The defenders of Vukovar decide to isolate themselves from the rest of the world in the interest of the town’s defense.

Hungary closes its border crossing-points to Yugoslavia.

The first regular sitting of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia since the proc-lamation of independence begins.

A soldier who refused to participate in the destruction of Dubrovnik sentenced to six years in prison by the Military court in Niš, Serbia.

• 8

The blockade of the Croatian ports introduced again.

The European Community (EC) Ministerial Council imposes economic sanctions against Yugoslavia at its meeting in Rome: the Trade Arrangement suspended, Yugoslavia excluded from the preferential system, United Nations (UN) Security Council asked to introduce the oil embargo and the supervision over the implementation of the arms embargo. Each republic shall be valorized separately whether or not to be exempted from the sanctions. Greece, which sent 20% of its exports through Yugoslavia, would be com-pensated.

At their meeting in Rome, Pope John Paul II and the President of the United States of America, George Bush, discuss the war in Croatia among other things

• 9

332 Croatian soldiers, who were imprisoned in the Manjača camp, exchanged for 457 Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) soldiers on the Croatian-Bosnian border.

1991 November Page 65

Air-raid alarms sounded in 16 Croatian cities and towns.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia passes the Platform for the Negotia-tions with the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA): the Army is obliged to lift the blockade of the surrounded cities and towns, withdraw all its units from Croatia by Christmas and make itself liable not to use these units against the Republic of Croatia.

The partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) requests the immediate sending of the peace-keeping forces into Croatia from the UN; so does the Croatian Minister of Foreign Affairs Zvonimir Šeparović.

The maritime maneuvers of nine western countries, initiated by France, held in the waters close to the Adriatic.

The Agreement on the Withdrawal of all Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces from Rieka signed.

• 10

The President of the United States of America (USA), George Bush, declares that USA will also impose trade sanctions on Yugoslavia.

The collective Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia requests United Nations peace-keeping forces to be deployed around Serb-populated regions in Croatia. The Croatian leadership insists that such peace- keeping forces should be kept on the legal borders of the Republic of Croatia.

The ruthless destruction of Dubrovnik continues. Critical situation in the block-aded Slunj, Croatia.

The Croatian flag raised in the looted military airport of Pula, Croatia.

The Yugoslav People's Army General Andrija Rašeta supports the arrival of the “blue helmets” which, in his opinion, should be deployed inside the Croatian crisis areas, and not along the republics’ borders.

• 11

The G-24 donor countries suspended aid to Yugoslavia.

The destruction of Dubrovnik’s Stari Grad (Old City). The fighting in Slavonia spreads into the area of Daruvar.

The bodies of 20 massacred Croats found in the woods of the Slunj area.

Branko Kostić, a member of the partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Repub-lic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), states that, if the “blue helmets” don’t intervene in Croatia, the Presidium shall proclaim the state of emergency and order the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) to crush the rebellion in Croatia.

Lord Carrington states that Croatia has the right to be independent.

• 12

More than a hundred shells have hit the center (Old City) of Dubrovnik in the attacks of the last three days. The exhausted defense of Vukovar is still desperately holding the town.

Page 66 November 1991

The former President of the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugo-slavia (SFRY) Stipe Mesić sends a letter to UN Secretary General Perez de Cuellar warning him that the request of the partial Presidium for sending of the UN peace-keeping forces to Croatia is aimed at legalizing the Serbian territorial pretensions; other than that, Mesić also agrees with the arrival of the UN forces into Croatia.

German Government announces that Germany shall recognize Slovenia and Croa-tia at the beginning of December.

Japan suspends its help to Yugoslavia.

• 13

Surviving refugees from the town of Tovarnik bring news of some eighty Croats being massacred.

Air raid alarms in 17 Croatian cities and towns.

Mobilization in Karlovac, Duga Resa and Slunj, Croatia.

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) tank brigade, which was deployed in the village of Jastrebarsko near Zagreb, leaves for the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Columns of Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reservists pass through eastern Herzego-vina.

42 Nobel prize winners sign an Appeal protesting against the war in Croatia.

• 14

The destruction of Osiek and Sisak continues; the remains of the Sisak oil refinery are on fire again. In the Vukovar-Vinkovci-Županja triangle the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) has brought in 500 tanks, 100 multiple rocket launchers and 250 howitzers; addi-tional one hundred tanks are on their way. Successful counteroffensives of the Croatian forces on the battlefronts of western Slavonia.

New cease-fire negotiations in Zagreb. At the same time, 13th Ceasefire Agreement signed by Lord Carrington and the representatives of Croatia, Serbia and the Federal Gov-ernment, after their meetings in Graz, Austria, Zagreb, Croatia, and Belgrade, Serbia.

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, requests the arrival of the UN peace-keeping forces into the Republic of Bos-nia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina as well.

• 15

A Message for the Salvation of Civilians is sent from Vukovar to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Supreme Command Headquarters. Continual shelling of Sisak, Nova Gradiška, Slavonska Požega, Belišće, Pakrac, all in Croatia... Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Navy shells Split.

The "Slavija" ferry leaves Dubrovnik with 3,500 civilians on board.

The partial Presidium proposes the Federal Executive Council of the Socialist Fed-erative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) President Ante Marković and Foreign Secretary

1991 November Page 67

Budimir Lončar [the last two Croats remaining in office in the Federal institutions] to be relieved of their posts; this is voted for by the SFRY Parliament.

The German Parliament votes in support of the Government's proposal to recog-nize Croatia and Slovenia.

• 16

The massive offensive on Vukovar is reaching its end; 650 tanks, 250 cannons, 100 multiple rocket launchers and 45,000 infantrymen are finishing off what is left of the town and its defense.

The Croatian Navy (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica – HRM) wins an important victory over the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Navy on the Pelješac penninsula and on a number of islands; as a result, the largest part of the Croatian sea is freed from the JNA Navy ships.

The Foreign Ministry of Croatia forwards an Appeal to US President George Bush, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and other statesmen of the world to save the civilians of Vukovar.

• 17

The peak of the Vukovar drama forces the Government of the Republic of Croatia to ask the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Commander-in-chief General Kadijević for an immediate ceasing of all attacks; otherwise, Croatia will not consent to any further negoti-ations and won't take responsibility for the security of the JNA officers and soldiers.

A major confusion in the Vukovar issue reigns throughout the last couple of days; the news are contradictory, and whether or not the town has fallen is unknown. Negotia-tions on the evacuation of the wounded and sick persons begin.

8,000 civilians break through from the besieged Slunj, Croatia, and flee into the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

UN Special Envoy Cyrus Vance arrives in Belgrade and begins a series of talks with Tuđman, Milošević and Kadijević.

Macedonia brings its new Constitution and thus becomes a sovereign and inde-pendent state.

• 18

The fall of Vukovar. Three months of fierce battles have resulted in: 2,000 persons killed, 800 missing, 3,000 imprisoned in war camps and 42,852 displaced. The losses on the side of the Yugoslav army are estimated at 11,000 dead. 280 Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) tanks were destroyed and several dozen captured. 25,580 out of 28,184 households were damaged or destroyed.

Slunj, Croatia, occupied.

A group of reservists protest in Belgrade.

Mass demonstrations against the aggression on Croatia held in Vienna (Wien), Aus-tria, under the name: “Europe, you should be ashamed!”.

Page 68 November 1991

• 19

On the meeting in Bonn, Germany, the Western European Uniton (WEU) Foreign Ministers agree to allow naval ships to create “humanitarian corridors” for relief to Yugo-slavia.

2,200 people flee through the woods into the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the burned town of Slunj, Croatia.

The “Slavija” ferry, carrying 3,500 civilians out of the besieged town of Dubrovnik, arrives in Brindisi, Italy.

Norway introduces the sanctions against Yugoslavia.

Canadian Parliament requests the recognition of Croatia.

• 20

The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina requests the deployment of United Nations troops.

450 wounded and 2,000 civilians from Vukovar, who were supposed to be evacu-ated into Croatia, taken to Serbia by the occupying forces.

The Serb irregulars commit a slaughter of civilians in the villages around Grubišno Polje and Daruvar, Croatia; the Serbian media claim that this was done by Croats. A mas-sacre of Croats in the village of Voćin, Croatia.

Fierce attacks on Osiek and Vinkovci.

Italy, Germany and Austria announce that they might recognize Croatia even before the rest of European Community (EC).

• 20–25

Massacres are committed by the Serb irregulars in the villages of Škabrnja and Nadin, Croatia.

• 21

A group of Vukovar refugees arrives in Đakovo, Croatia.

The Maslenica bridge, Croatia, destroyed by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces. The 18th attack on the Sisak refinery arouses the danger of a great ecological catas-trophe.

“La Rance”, a French Navy hospital ship, arrives in Dubrovnik.

Through a new Resolution, the Senate of the United States of America (USA) asks the USA Government to recognize Croatia and Slovenia, suspend all economic relations with Serbia and request the guarantees of the Government of the Republic of Croatia for the protection of the rights of Serbs in Croatia.

German Foreign Ministry requests an emergency session of the UN Security Coun-cil regarding the Yugoslav crisis.

1991 November Page 69

• 22

Serb irregulars kidnap Siniša Glavašević, the journalist of the Vukovar radio, who was in the group of Vukovar prisoners; his fate still remains unknown. Croatian physicians and public appeal to General Kadijević to set free Vesna Bosanac, the head of the Vukovar hospital, and her medical colleagues.

Heavy artillery and rocket attacks on Osiek, Karlovac and Zadar continue.

European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) spokesman Ed Koestal reveals that the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) has refused EC monitors the entrance into the vil-lages of Nadin and Škabrnja, where the massacres have been committed.

Plenary session of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia in Geneva: the Presidents of all former Yugoslav republics agreed with the arrival of the UN peace-keeping forces; a new bsolute Ceasefire Agreement is signed, but no actual ceasefire followed.

Dobroslav Paraga, the President of the Croatian Party of Rights (Hrvatska Stranka Prava – HSP), arrested in Zagreb under the suspicion of “attempting to overthrow the legal government and the constitutional order, as well as of forming paramilitary forma-tions which have committed a series of criminal deeds”.

In a letter sent to President of the United States of America (USA) George Bush and other statesmen of the world, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, requests the immediate arrival of the peace-keeping forces into Croatia.

The Agreement on the Withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Troops from Zagreb is signed.

• 23

In Geneva a Ceasefire Agreement is signed.

The lifting of the blockade of the ports and the sea postponed for technical reasons until further notice.

Zadar, Croatia, fiercely attacked; columns of buses transport sick and elderly per-sons to Rieka, Croatia.

Croatian Foreign Minister Zvonimir Šeparović visits Vienna, Austria, where he pro-poses doctor Vesna Bosanac, Head of the Vukovar hospital, for the Nobel prize for peace.

Informal consultations on the Yugoslav crisis begin in the UN Security Council.

• 24

Osiek, Vinkovci and the surrounding areas come under heavy artillery and infantry attack. Attacks around Šibenik and Zadar continue.

• 25

Anton Kikaš [see Sptember 1, 1991] exchanged for General Aksentijević [see Sep-tember 13, 1991] in a prisoner exchange.

France and Germany request an emergency session of the UN Security Council.

Page 70 November 1991

• 26

The bodies of 35 civilians massacred in Škabrnja brought to Zadar.

17 members of the Croatian Defense Forces (Hrvatske Obranbene Snage – HOS) [ the formation organised and supplied by the Croatian Party of Rights (Hrvatska Stranka Prava – HSP)] arrested in Zagreb.

According to the information made public on this day, 16 journalists have been killed, 27 wounded and 5 have vanished since the beginning of the war in Croatia.

• 27

UN Security Council adopts the Resolution 721. The Council approves the efforts towards the possible establishment of a United Nations peace-keeping operation in Yugo-slavia, and urges the Yugoslav parties to comply fully with the Ceasefire Agreement signed in Geneva on November 23, 1991. The UN Security Counicl requests a report on the fea-sibility of sending peace-keeping forces to Yugoslavia, conditional on the observance of the abovementioned Geneva Ceasefire Agreement; this last condition is considered to be fundamental.

Lord Carrington addresses a question to the European Community (EC) Arbitra-tion commission: “Does Yugoslavia exist at all anymore?”.

A Memorandum obliging all signatory parties to provide evidence on killed and missing persons is signed by the representatives of Croatia, Serbia, the Federal government and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in the presence of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

• 28

Fierce attacks on Osiek. Newly arrived Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) reservists and Serbian volunteers loot and burn the villages of Drniš area, Croatia.

The main square of Nice, France, is renamed into “Vukovar Martyrs' Square”.

• 29

The Public Prosecutor in Zagreb orders an investigation in the case of former Com-mander of Vukovar defense Mile Dedaković - Jastreb, who is suspected of misappropriat-ing the funds intended for the defense of Vukovar.

According to the information released on this day, 13,130 wounded were treated in the Osiek, Croatia, hospital since the 2nd of May, 463 of whom died. More than a half of this number were civilians.

The Conference on European Security and Cooperation (CSCE) supports the send-ing of “blue helmets” into Croatia.

Hundreds of students demonstrate in Graz, Austria, against the war in Croatia.

• 30

Because of the one of the fiercest attacks on Osiek, Croatia, since the beginning of the war, this day has been described as the “bloody Saturday”.

1991 December Page 71

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) General Uzelac orders his troops to break through to the town of Virovitica, but the offensive is mainly stopped by the Croatian Army (Hrvat-ska Vojska – HV) even before it began.

December

• 1

Croatian forces take over the seat of the Yugoslav People's Army 5th Military region Headquarters in Zagreb.

Branko Kostić, a member of the partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Repub-lic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), explains the Presidium's vision of the peace-keeping forces’ deployment: “The forces can be deployed only on the interposition line between the war-ring sides.”

• 2

The European Community (EC) Ministerial Council Meeting in Brussels. The EC Foreign Ministers decide to restore credit and trade agreements and to lift aid sanctions on four of the six Yugoslav republics; Serbia and Montenegro are excluded. The sanctions have been imposed on November 8, 1991, with the provisoion that they be lifted against republics which could be shown not to be participating in aggression. At the same time, however, the United States impose sanctions on all Yugoslav republics [trade with the United States represented about 5% of Yugoslavia's foreign earnings].

• 3

The third blockade of the Croatian ports lifted, with the exception of the Dubrovnik port.

The cities and towns of eastern Slavonia are not shelled only when they are visited by EC monitors, while even their visit didn’t interrupt the shelling in the case of Sisak.

A Confidential Report of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), accusing the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Serbia of the aggression on Croatia, is made public.

• 4

The Parliament of the Republic of Croatia unanimously approves the Law on Minorities, committing Croatia to accept all international conventions on human rights and granting cultural autonomy to ethnic communities within Croatia once there was peace in the republic within its 1974 borders.

A meeting between the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and UN Special Envoy Cyrus Vance, where the possibility of the UN peace-keeping forces’ arrival into Croatia is discussed.

Page 72 December 1991

• 5

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, visits the Federal Republic of Germany, where he receives assurances of a soon German recognition of Cro-atia.

The Austrian Parliament passes the ruling Coalition’s Proposal to Recognize Croatia and Slovenia Without Delay.

• 6

Osiek and Dubrovnik are on fire, Stari Grad (the Old City of Dubrovnik) is being savagely destroyed. Sisak and Karlovac attacked with heavy artillery.

The United States of America (USA) introduce a trade embargo against the whole of Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).

French intellectuals (Eugene Ionesco among others) send an Appeal to the govern-ments of the European countries asking them to help Croatia and recognize its independ-ence.

• 7

Croatian forces free Lipik, as well as some other areas of western Slavonia.

The Serb irregulars threaten to destroy the “Peruča” hydro-electric power plant on the river Cetina, Croatia.

A Ceasefire Agreement for the area of Dubrovnik is signed in Srebrno, Croatia.

Answering to the question of Lord Carrington (see 27.11.), the European Commu-nity (EC) Arbitration Commission states that Yugoslavia juridically doesn’t exist any longer; it is caught in a process of disintegration and not, as Serbia claimed, in a process of some republics’ secession.

European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) sends a strong Protest to the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) for the bombardment of Dubrovnik.

• 8

Osiek, Croatia, continually shelled for five and a half hours.

Delivering a sermon on the St. Peter square in Vatican, Pope John Paul II denounces the bombing of Dubrovnik; at the same time, Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) General Jurjević claims that the JNA never bombed the city.

• 9

The Peace Conference on Yugoslavia in The Hague, Holland, continues its work. A Report by the European Community EC Arbitration Commission concluding that Yugo-slavia is “legally in the process of dissolution” is rejected by the Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia.

The last Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) soldier leaves the “Pleso” barracks near Zagreb.

1991 December Page 73

The partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) rejects the conclusions of the European Community (EC) Arbitration Commission, pro-claiming that the Commission's opinion on a process of disintegration is unacceptable.

The Republic of Serbia threatens to introduce counter-measures against the Ger-man suspension of all traffic relations with Serbia and Montenegro. The usual security measures are refused to the Austrian Ambassador in Belgrade.

• 10

After three days of cease-fire, Osiek and Zadar, Croatia, attacked again.

661 prisoners from Vukovar, Croatia, are exchanged for captured Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) soldiers.

• 11

Ukraine recognizes the independence of Croatia.

• 12

The partial Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) extends the duration of the military service for new recruits indefinitely. Some 10,000 persons are avoiding the mobilization in Serbia and Montenegro.

The United Nations (UN) Secretary General Perez de Cuellar states that the condi-tions for the deployment of UN peace-keeping forces in former Yugoslavia have not been fulfilled yet. De Cuellar also recommends the postponing of the former Yugoslav repub-lics’ recognition.

• 13

Osiek, Sisak, Nova Gradiška, Novska and Slavonska Požega, all in Croatia, attacked with heavy artillery.

The parents of the Bosnian Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) soldiers fighting in the Republic of Croatia break into the building of the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, demanding the return of their sons from the Croatian bat-tlefronts.

France is trying to convince Germany that the recognition of the Republics of Cro-atia and Slovenia should be postponed. Germany answers that the delay could lead to even worse consequences.

• 14

More than 50 civilians from the villages of Hum and Voćin, Croatia, are massacred by Serb irregulars who are withdrawing from western Slavonia.

• 15

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 724. The Council endorses the (UN) Secretary General’s offer to send to Yugoslavia a small group including military personnel to prepare for possible deployment of a peace-keeping operation, and decides to estalish a Committee to ensure that the general and complete embargo imposed by the Resolution

Page 74 December 1991

713 (of September 25, 1991) is effectively applied. It also urges United Nations members to do nothing to exacerbate the situation [i.e. recognise the independence of republics!].

“To recognize or not to recognize” is the main political and public issue throughout the world. Germany and Austria share the opinion that there is no reason to wait any longer, United States of America (USA) and the United Nations (UN) are opposed to an immediate recognition, Italy is starting to loose patience, while France and Great Britain would prefer if the problem didn't exist at all.

• 16

After examining the Report of the European Community (EC) Arbitration Com-mission, the EC Ministerial Council in Brussels asks the former Yugoslav republics to sub-mit their requests for recognition before December 23, 1991. After a 10-hour debate EC Foreign Ministers voted to extend recognition by 15th January to republics which met certain conditions. The conditions agreed, which were based on guidelines elaborated by France for recognition of new states emerging in Europe, include: – acceptance of the United Nations, Helsinki Act and Paris Charter commitments on the rule of law, democ-racy and human rights; – guarantees of ethnic and minority rights; – acceptance of the inviolability of frontiers; – honouring disarmament and regional security commitments; – arbitration to decide a structure to replace the old state; – acceptance of the draft agree-ment on Yugoslavia's future, elaborated by the EC peace conference.

• 19

Two Serb enclaves in the Republic of Croatia, the self-proclaimed Serb Autono-mous Region (SAR) of Krajina and the s-p Serb Autonomous Region (SAR) of Slavonia, Branja and Western Srem, proclaimed themselves the Serb Republic of Krajina. The two enclaves did not share a common border, but together occupied about a third of Croatian territory and included 300 000 people. Milan Babić was elected president.

Germany and Sweden recognize the Republic of Croatia. their recognition is to become valid as of January 15, 1992, when Italy’s recognition of Slovenia and Croatia is scheduled for as well. [See also December 23, 1991.]

The fighting continues in Baranja region. The citizens of Osiek and Vinkovci are forced to remain in their shelters for days.

• 20

Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) frees a part of Baranja.

• 21

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) Navy leaves the “Lora” Military harbor in Split.

The Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina submits a Request for the European Community (EC) recognition.

• 23

The Government of Montenegro sais that it will not be asking for European Com-munity (EC) recognition.

1991 December Page 75

The ethnic Albans of Kosovo asked for European Community (EC) recognition of an independent Kosovo.

Germany recognises the independence of the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia and promises that diplomatic relations would be established on January 15, 1992.

• 24

Four republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia are reported to have requested recognition from the European Community (EC).

• 25

The Serbian-dominated collective Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia approves the United Nations plan for peace-keeping operations, the so-called Vance Plan. This plan envisages three demilitarised areas in Croatia, covering the Serb enclaves of Western Slavonia, Eastern Slavonia and Krajina. Irregular forces would be dis-armed and Yugoslav People’s Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) and Croatian National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde – ZNG) forces would be withdrawn.

• 26

Macedonia drafted Constitutional Changes to the Constitution of Macedonia, to fit the European Community (EC) conditions for recognition.

• 27

The Presidium of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and the Parliament of SFRY (Federal Assembly) condemned the European Community’s (EC's) proposals and the Presidium asked the United Nations to take control of the peace pro-cess.

With the last truck of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) equipment to leave the free territory of the Republic of Croatia, the work group, established on October 14, 1991, Chaired by Ambassador Van Heehan, and with the members: Colonel Josip Čuletić and Colonel Andrija Stolnik for the Croatian side and General Vasiljević and Colonel Milan Erak for the JNA side, stopped its regular daily work. [They used to discuss on meetings every day for several hours.]

• 31

The last day of the Dutch (Holland) presidency of the European Community Mon-itor Mission (ECMM).

Page 76 January 1992

1992

January

• 1

Portugal takes over the presidency of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM). The third Head of Mission (HOM) of the ECMM is Ambassador Hose Sal-guero.

• 2

In Sarajevo, a ceasefire is signed by the Croatian Minister of Defence, Gojko Šušak and the representative of the Yugoslav Army (YA), General Andrija Rašeta, witnessed by the special Envoy of the United Nations (UN) Secretary General, Cyrus Vance.

• 3

The ceasefire agreed on in Sarajevo on January 2, 1992, starts at 18:00.

• 4

The Croatian Navy assumes control over the military harbour Lora in Split.

• 6

Macedonia amended its Constitution to fall in line with European Community (EC) criteria for recognition. The Amendments stated that Macedonia had no territorial claims on other countries, and renounced interference in their affairs. The Constitutional Amendments also abolished Macedonian representation in the Parliament of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and the SFRY Presidium.

• 7

Five monitors from the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) are killed at Podrute, near Varaždin, when their helicopter was shot down by a Yugoslav Army aeroplane. The victims are Jean-Loup Eychenne (F), Marco Matta (I), Silvano Natale (I), Fiorenzo Ramacci (I) and Enzo Venturini (I).

The UN Security Council President issues the Statement S/23389 in which he states that the Council condemns an attack by a Yugoslav aircraft on unarmed helicopters of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), killing five members of the Mission.

• 8

Notwithstanding the shooting down by the Yugoslav air force of an European Com-munity (EC) monitor helicopter on January 7, 1992, killing all five of its crew, the UN Security Council passes the Resolution 727 . The Council welcomes the signing of an Implementing Accord at Sarajevo on January 2, 1992, and endorses the UN Secretary General’s intention to send to Yugoslavia a group of up to 50 military liaison officers to

1992 January Page 77

promote maintenance of the cease-fire. These are to be an advance force in the planned operation to send 10,000 United Nations peace-keeping troops to Yugoslavia.

• 9

The risk of ethnic conflict in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was consid-ered to be too great for that republic to qualify for European Community (EC) recogni-tion. The Assembly representing its Serb population declared an autonomous Republic of the Serb Bosnia and Herzegovina, announcing that the President of the Presidency and the Foreign Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina “no longer represent the interests of Bos-nian and Herzegovinan Serb people in international forums”.

The European Community (EC) peace conference reconvened in Brussels, Bel-gium. The Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević, accepted the EC Plan for guaranteed minority rights, which also affected Serb enclaves in Croatia.

• 10

The European Community (EC) Foreign Ministers lifted sanctions against Monte-negro, thus leaving only Serbia subject to the sanctions imposed on November 8, 1991.

The EC Arbitration Commission has also recommended recognising Macedonian independence, but Greece objected to an independent state under that name and had insisted on the inclusion of a clause in the EC criteria for recognition stating that repub-lics should renounce “the use of a denomination which implies territorial claims”.

• 11 – 12

A referendum on the territorial and political autonomy of Albans in Macedonia is held. The internal divisions in Macedonia are highlighted by this referendum, in which 99.9% vote for autonomy.

• 11

It is determined that the existing borders among the republics of the former Yugo-slavia are “borders protected by international law” and may not be modified unless so agreed to by the parties concerned.

• 13

The Vatican recognizes the Republic of Croatia as a sovereign country.

• 14

San Marino recognizes the Republic of Croatia as a sovereign country.

The first United Nations (UN) Liaison Officers arrive in Belgrade and Zagreb.

• 15

The European Community (EC) Ministerial Council recognizes the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia as independent and sovereign states. The presidency of the EC announced that its member states had decided to recognise Croatia and Slove-

Page 78 February 1992

nia. Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina which had also sought recognition, were not recognised.

The same day several other European and Overseas countries recognize the Repub-lics of Croatia and Slovenia.

The German Consulate in Zagreb is transformed into the German Embassy.

• 16

The European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) extends its activities to Hungary to monitor compliance with the arms embargo on Yugoslavia after having signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Hungary.

• 17

The Republic of Croatia, a new internationally recognised country, accepts the first high level foreign statesman, the Italian President Francesco Cossiga, who visited Croatia on the occasion of the transformation of the Italian Consulate and opening of the Embassy of the Republic of Italy in Zagreb.

• 18

Zagreb is visited by the Austrian Foreign Minister, Alois Mock. The third Embassy in the Republic of Croatia is established – the Austrian Embassy.

• 25

A debate in the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, boycotted by Serb parties, endorses a referendum on the republic’s sovereignty to be held from Feb-ruary 29, 1992 to March 1, 1992.

• 26

Marrack Goulding, the Deputy for Peace Forces of the UN Secretary General, arrives in the area of the former Yugoslavia, so as to prepare everything for the arrival of UN forces.

• 30–31

At the Ministerial Conference of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), Croatia was given the status of an observer in the CSCE.

February

• 3

The European Community (EC) Ministerial Council lifts economic sanctions on four Republics of the former Yugoslavia, leaving only the sanctions on Serbia and Monte-negro.

Dr. Horst Weisel, as the first accredited foreign Ambassador to the Republic of Cro-atia, presented his accreditation to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo

1992 February Page 79

Tuđman. The same day the first Croatian Ambassador, Dr. Ivan Ilić, presented his accred-itation to the German President, Richard Weizsacker.

• 6

The Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia establish diplomatic rela-tions.

Lord Carrington arrives in Zagreb. At a meeting with the Croatian President, Dr. Tuđman, he discusses the issue of the arrival of United Nations Peace Forces in Croatia.

• 7

UN Security Council Resolution 740. The Council reaffirms its approval of the United Nations peace-keeping plan, approves the Secretary General’s proposal to increase the authorized strength of the military liaison mission to a total of 75 officers, welcomes the continuing efforts to remove the remaining obstacle in the deployment of a peace-keeping operation, and calls upon all States to cooperate with the Committee established by Resolution 724 of December 15, 1991.

• 8

Croatia and the Vatican establish diplomatic relations.

• 10

At the meeting of the Supreme Country Council of the Republic of Croatia in Zagreb it is decided that the so-called Vance Plan is acceptable to Croatia.

In the area of the former Yugoslavia there are 75 United Nations (UN) Liaison Officers, under the command of the Australian Colonel John Wilson.

• 15

In New York the Report S/23592 of the UN Secretary General, in which he sug-gests to the Security Council (SC) to allow the urgent sending of United Nations (UN) Peace Forces to Croatia, is published.

• 16

The Parliament of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina (“RSK”) in Glina dismissed Milan Babić. The Parliament in Knin nullifies the decisions of the Parliament in Glina and dismisses Milan Paspalj, together with two Vice-presidents.

• 21

UN Security Council Resolution 743. The Council, concerned that the situation in Yugoslavia continues to constitue a threat to international peace and security, decides to establish a United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), requests the UN Secretary General to immediately deploy those elements of the Force which can assist in developing an implementation plan for the earliest possible full deployment of UNPROFOR, and deciedes that the embargo imposed by paragraph 6 of Resolution 713 of September 25, 1991, shall not apply to weapons and military equipment destined for the sole use of

Page 80 March 1992

UNPROFOR. [Based on this Resolution 14,000 of the UN Force are to be sent to Croa-tia for an initial twelve-month period.]

• 22

The German Vice-Chancellor and Foreign Minister, Dr. Hans Dietrich Genscher, visits the Republic of Croatia.

• 27

In Graz, Austria, the Croats Lerotić and Manolić meet the Serbs Koljević and Karadžić. A campaign to divide Bosnia and Herzegovina follows this meeting.

UN Secretary General appoints Indian General Satish Nambiar as the Commander of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR).

• 29

Msgr. Giulio Einaudi, honorary archbishop of Villæ Magnæ, is appointed as the papal nuntio to the Republic of Croatia.

• 29 – March 1

In the referendum in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.4% of the votes opted for full independence with a 63% turnout. Holding a referendum had been one of the conditions demanded by the European Community (EC) before it would consider recognition of independence. Almost overnight, fighting erupted between the Muslims and Croats and the Serb irregulars and Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA).

March

• 1

The Referendum on Yugoslavia is held in Montenegro.

• 3

The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declares itself independent and sovereign.

• 6

Cyrus Vance visits Zagreb again, to prepare for the arrival of UN Peace Force.

• 9

The Serbian political opposition holds a meeting in Belgrade, at which it is reported that around 100,000 people are present.

A first advance party of the peace-keeping force agreed by the Security Council in February 1992, the United Nations Protection Force for Yugoslavia (UNPROFOR), under its commander, Lieutenant-General Satish Nambiar, arrives in Yugoslavia to pre-pare for the arrival of the 14,000 strong force in the United Nations-protected areas of Eastern and Western Slavonia and Krajina.

1992 March Page 81

• 10

Lieutenant-General Satish Nambiar arrives in Zagreb.

President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, orders all members of the Croatian Army (CA) and the Ministry of Interior to fully cooperate with the UN Force, as well as to provide full protection for them.

• 11

Under the auspices of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina the so-called Serbian Municipality of Bosanski Brod is brought to an end.

• 12

The first “blue berets” arrive in Belgrade.

• 16

The first 200 UN Officers arrive to where the regional Headquarters of the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) are to be.

• 18

The Statement on Principles for New Constitutional Arrangements for Bosnia and Herzegovina, proposed by Jose Pires Cutiliero, the Portuguese Foreign Minister, is accepted by the European Community (EC). This statement, by which the Muslims would get 52, Serbs 37 and Croats 20 municipalities, was never signed.

Though, the leaders of the three main ethnic groups in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina signed an Agreement in Sarajevo, under EC auspices, on the future of the republic which provided for its division into three autonomous units along ethnic lines. However, all signatories also agreed that it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to implement because very few areas were in fact exclusively inhabited by any one of the three communities.

• 20

At the Ministerial meeting of the Middle-European Initiative, the Republic of Cro-atia was given the status of an observer.

• 24

At the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) Ministerial Conference in Helsinki, Finland, the Republic of Croatia was accepted as a full member.

• 25

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, calls on all citizens to reject the division of the republic along ethnic lines alone and to accept the concept of a military state. He has signed the Sarajevo Agreement only because he has been isolated and because the European Community (EC) mediators have insisted on signing as a precondition for recognition of independence.

Page 82 April 1992

The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) Headquarters are established in Sarajevo.

• 27

The “Republic of Serb Bosnia and Herzegovina” is proclaimed by Bosnian and Her-zegovinan Serbs.

The Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina asks the United Nations to send in military observers in order to monitor a ceasefire in Bosanski Brod.

April

• 1

On the 11th plenary session of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia the question of inheritance of the former Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was officially raised.

• 2

The Assembly for the Territorial and Political Autonomy of Albans of Macedonia proclaimed the “Autonomous Republic of Ilirids”.

In the UN Secretary General Report S/23777, he states that the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina will not stop the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) oper-ation. Later this was stated in the UN Security Council Resolution No. 749 (of April 7, 1992).

• 4

The first United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) troops arrive in Croatia (Rieka).

• 6

The European Community (EC) Foreign Ministers meeting in Luxembourg recog-nises the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina as from April 7, 1992. The independence of the Republic of Macedonia is not recognized, due to Greek objec-tions.

• 7

The United States of America (USA) recognize the Republic of Croatia, the Repub-lic of Slovenia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Republic of Croatia recognizes the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The UN Security Council Resolution 749. The Council decides to authorize the earliest possible full deployment of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), and appeals to all parties and others concerned in Bosnia and Herzegovina to cooperate with the efforts of the European Community (EC) to bring about a cease-fire and negotiated political solution.

1992 April Page 83

Serbia admits the fake of the “killed Serbian children in Vukovar”.

The EC has conditionally ended trade sanctions against Serbia, but it warns of renewed sanctions and of severing diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia if fighting involv-ing Serbian forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina did not stop by the end of the month.

After the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, fighting between different ethnic groups intensifies.

• 10

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, requests from the President of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, the withdrawal of all Serbian troops from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

On a French initiative the UN Security Council discusses the situation in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The UN Security Council President issues the Statement S/23802, in which he states that the Council reiterates its appeal in Resolution 749 (of April 7, 1992) to all par-ties in Bosnia and Herzegovina to stop the fighting immediately, and invites the UN Sec-retary General to urgently dispatch his Personal Envoy to the area.

• 11

The International Committee of the Red Cross pleads to all armed units in Bosnia and Herzegovina not to attack civilians.

• 15

The United States of America (USA) threaten Serbia with withdrawal of interna-tional legitimity.

• 20

The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina recognizes Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia and all independent republics of the former Soviet Union.

• 21

Heavy fights for Sarajevo and Serb attacks on Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 22

The bridge on the river Sava connecting Slavonski Šamac in Croatia and Bosanski Šamac in Bosnia and Herzegovina is destroyed.

• 24

UN Secretary General Report S/23836 to the Security Council, in which he states that the Peace Forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina “are not a possibility now”.

The UN Security Council President issues the Statement S/23842, in which he states that the Council demands tat all forms of interference from outside Bosnia and

Page 84 May 1992

Herzegovina cease immediately, and condemns all breaches of the cease-fire from what-ever quarter.

• 27

In the UN Secretary General Report it is precisely stated that the UNPROFOR operation should start mid May 1992.

Serbia and Montenegro proclaim the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). The voting on the formation of the new Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) was held in the building of the former Parliament of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in Belgrade. The voting and proclamation lasted for about 15 minutes. The Assembly thereby adopts the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

• 28

The United Nations agree in principle to extend its involvement to Bosnia and Her-zegovina.

May

•

The authorities of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina repeatedly request for foreign military aid.

Serb communities in the Republic of Croatia jeopardise the success of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) by refusing to demobilise their forces.

• 1

The Senate of the United States of America (USA) is against the recognition of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY).

• 2

On the meeting in Guimaraes, the European Community (EC) Foreign Ministers agree on an action plan including: – humanitarian aid; – collaboration with any United Nations action to separate the warring parties; – reinforced diplomatic efforts. The EC Foreign Ministers also conclude that the EC is “willing to recognise Macedonia as a sover-eign and independent state within its existing borders and under a name that can be accepted by all parties concerned”.

• 4

The Republic of Croatia is accepted as a Guest in the European Council, with five parliamentary places.

• 5

The Presidium of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia resigns control over the Yugo-slav Army troops in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1992 May Page 85

• 6

Bosnian and Herzegovinan Croat Leader Mr. Mate Boban and Bosnian and Herze-govinan Serb Leader Dr. Radovan Karadžić meet in Graz, Austria.

At the 12th plenary session of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia in Brussels, Bel-gium, the problem of refugees from the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which amount to almost 600,000, is raised.

• 8

38 Generals and Admirals of the Army of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including Rašeta, Kukanjac and Negovanović, the Serbian Minister of Defence, are pensioned.

• 11

The EC declares that they are pulling their Ambassadors out of Belgrade.

The Republic of Croatia is accepted in the International Civil Aviation Organiza-tion (ICAO).

• 12

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) removes “Belgrade authorities” from decision making on the situation in the area of former Yugoslavia.

The United States of America (USA) pull out their Ambassador from Belgrade.

The United Nations (UN) Secretary General makes in his Report S/23900 recom-mendations to the Security Council that: (1) UNPROFOR headquarters should no longer be in Sarajevo for the safety of its own personnel; (2) No United Nations peace-keeping force should be sent to Bosnia and Herzegovina; (3) The United Nations peace plan for Croatia was in jeopardy from the failure of Serbs in Croatia to demobilise.

• 15

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 752. The Council demands that all par-ties concerned in Bosnia and Herzegovina stop the fighting immediately, that all forms of interference from outside, as well as any attempts to change the ethnic composition of the population, cease immediately and that those units of the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) and elements of the Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) either be withdrawn, or be subject to the authority of the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, or be disbanded and disarmed with their weapons placed under effective international inventory.

• 16

United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) start leaving Sarajevo, although the Headquarters stay.

• 17

United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) left Sarajevo for Belgrade, leaving a skeleton force of 120.

Page 86 May 1992

• 18

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 753. The Council recommends to the UN General Assembly that the Republic of Croatia be admitted to membership in the United Nations.

UN Security Council President in his Statement S/23945 states that the Council extends congratulations to the Republic of Croatia on the occasion of the Council’s rec-ommendation to the UN General Assembly that the Republic be admitted to member-ship in the United Nations.

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 754. The Council recommends to the UN General Assembly that the Republic of Slovenia be admitted to membership in the United Nations.

UN Security Council President in his Statement S/23946 states that the Council extends congratulations to the Republic of Slovenia on the occasion of the Council’s rec-ommendation to the UN General Assembly that the Republic be admitted to member-ship in the United Nations.

Secret negotiations between the Bosnia-Herzegovina Croatian Democratic Com-munity (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ [President: Mr. Mate Boban]) and the Party of Democratic Action (Stranka Demokratske Akcije – SDA [President: Alija Izetbegović]).

A member of the International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) team is killed in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 20

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 755. The Council recommends to the UN General Assembly that the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina be admitted to mem-bership in the United Nations.

UN Security Council President in his Statement S/23982 states that the Council extends congratulations to the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the occasion of the Council’s recommendation to the UN General Assembly that the Republic be admitted to membership in the United Nations.

• 22

At the 46th UN General Assembly, by the Resolution 46/236, adopted by acclama-tion, the Republic of Slovenia is accepted as the 176th full member of the United Nations Organisation (UNO).

At the 46th UN General Assembly, by the Resolution 46/237, adopted by acclama-tion, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina is accepted as the 177th full member of the United Nations Organisation (UNO).

At the 46th UN General Assembly, by the Resolution 46/238, adopted by acclama-tion, the Republic of Croatia is accepted as the 178th full member of the United Nations Organisation (UNO).

1992 June Page 87

• 24

The Yugoslav Army (YA) withdraws from the island of Lastovo (Croatia).

• 25

In Podgorica, Montenegro, a hand-grenade attack on Vojislav Šešelj, the leader of the Serb Radical Party (Srpska Radikalna Stranka – SRS) and the Chetnik duke, was not successful.

• 26–27

The Yugoslav Army (YA) withdraws from Mokošica (Croatia).

• 27

A massacre in Sarajevo Vase Miskina Street, when Serb forces shell civilians waiting for bread.

• 30

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 757. The Council condemns the failure of the authorities in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) to take effective measures to fulfil the requirements of Resolution 752 (of May 15, 1992), and decides to impose comprehensive mandatory sanctions against that country, stating at the same time that no territorial gains or changes brought about by violence are acceptable. These sanctions include: – severing trade links; – freezing government assets abroad; – an oil embargo; – a sporting and cultural ban; – cutting air links.

The Yugoslav Army (YA) withdraws from the island of Vis (Croatia).

• 31

Dubrovnik’s Old City is under artillery attack again.

June

• 3

In a BBC broadcast the President of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević proposed that, if that would be the price for the lifting of sanctions, he would resign.

• 8

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 758. The Council notes the agreement of all parties to the reopening of Sarajevo airport for humanitarian purposes under the exclusive authority of the United Nations, decides to enlarge the mandate and strength of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), strongly condemns all those parties and others concerned that are responsible for violations of the cease-fire, and demands that all parties and others concerned create immediately the necessary conditions for unimpeded delivery of humanitaria supplies to Sarajevo and other destinations in Bosnia and Herze-govina.

Page 88 June 1992

• 9

Dr. Zdenko Škrabalo is appointed the Croatian Foreign Minister, Ivan Milas the Croatian Minister of Justice.

• 12

The Leader of Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs, Dr. Radovan Karadžić, proclaimed a one-sided ceasefire on the whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 14

A ceasefire agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina is signed.

• 15

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, sign a state-ment by which it is agreed that the Diplomatic-Consular offices of the two countries will give help, when necessary, to the citizens of both countries.

Dr. Dobrica Ćosić is elected as the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY).

• 18

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 760. The Council, acting under Chap-ter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, decides that certain prohibitions contained in Resolution 757 (of May 30, 1992) shall not apply, with the approval of the Committee established by Resolution 724 (of December 15, 1991) under the simplified and acceler-ated “no objection” procedure, to commodities and products for essential humanitarian need.

In a Resolution the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) demands for a military intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to be performed under the auspices of UN.

By the command of the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, half of the Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) reserve force is demobilized.

• 20

The Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaimed a State of War and general mobilization.

• 24

The pre-election campaign for the election of the President of the Republic of Cro-atia and the election of members of the House of Deputies of the Croatian Parliament starts.

• 25

The Croatian President, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, meets Lord Carrington in Strasbourg, and states that the Republic of Croatia did recognize Bosnia and Herzegovina as an sover-

1992 July Page 89

eign and independent state, and supports the organization of Bosnia and Herzegovina into cantons.

The Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs offer another ceasefire.

• 26

UN Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, issued a strong warning, condemn-ing the Serb offensive on Sarajevo.

• 28

The President of the French Republic, çois Mitterrand, after landing in Split, Croa-tia, went to Sarajevo.

Demonstrations against the regime in Belgrade.

• 29

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 761. The Council authorizes the UN Secretary General to deploy immediately additional elements of the United Nations Pro-tection Force (UNPROFOR) to ensure the security and functioning of Sarajevo airport and the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and calls upon all States to contribute to the international humanitarian efforts in Sarajevo and its environs.

• 30

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 762. The Council recommends the establishment of the Joint Commission under the chairmanship of United Nations Pro-tection Force (UNPROFOR), and authorizes the strengthening of the Force to perform additional functions in certain areas (“pink zones”) in Croatia.

The last day of the Portuguese presidency of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM).

July

•

After the practice of “ethnic cleansing” being commonplace in many regions of the former Yugoslavia for a number of months, the refugee problem became a subject of major concern.

According to estimates from the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and local Red Cross committees, some 2.5 million people from the former Yugoslavia were displaced by the end of July 1992, and some 10,000 people from Bosnia were joining them every day. The total included about 600,000 people who had been displaced during the war between Serbia and Croatia in 1991. The majority of the refugees, 1,885,000 remained in the former Yugoslav republics: 681,000 in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 672,000 in the Republic of Croatia (including the Serb-occupied zones), 383,000 in the Republic of Serbia, 70,000 in the Republic of Slove-nia, 49,000 in the Republic of Montenegro and 31,000 in the Republic of Macedonia.

Page 90 July 1992

Among neighbouring countries, Germany had taken in some 200,000 refugees, Hungary and Austria some 50,000 each and Sweden 44,000; smaller numbers were accepted in other European countries.

Notwithstanding the need to address this problem, there was a considerable lack of consensus among the countries most affected.

A German proposal to adopt a quota system for distributing refugees to European Community (EC) member states found no support among the EC members and France and the United Kingdom proposed that refugees should be accommodated and given assistance as near as possible to their place of origin.

Others proposed the establishment of so-called safe havens on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, in particular in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but there was no consensus to provide the ground troops needed to protect these safe havens against armed attack or intimidation.

At the UNHCR conference, participating countries pledged $152 million and logistical support for the housing of refugees and the maintenance of humanitarian road convoys inside Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 1

The European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) presidency is taken over by the United Kingdom. The fourth Head of Mission (HOM) of the ECMM is Ambassador Ramsay Melhuish.

The USA 6th Fleet enters the Adriatic Sea.

The UN Security Council requests that the Republic of Croatia withdraw from the Pink Zones.

The Parliamentary Assembly of the European Council decides on the establishment of an International Court for War Crimes, Crimes against Peace and Crimes against Humanity, including Genocide.

• 2

The United States of America (USA) 6th Fleet leaves the Adriatic Sea.

• 4

The Arbitration Committee gives its opinions on the problems of inheritance of the former SFRY.

• 7

Blockade of Dubrovnik lifted, but attacks continue.

• 8

At the session of the State and Government Presidents of the Conference on secu-rity and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) in Helsinki, Finland, the President of the Repub-lic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Presidium of the Republic of

1992 July Page 91

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, sign a statement of common interest in the defence against their common aggressor.

On the basis of the Statement of June 15, 1992 the Foreign Ministry of the Repub-lic of Croatia and the Ministry for Foreign Cooperation of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina sign an Agreement in Helsinki, Finland, on Aid in Urgent Consular Services.

• 8–10

President Tuđman attends the session of the State and Government Presidents of the Conference on security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), in Helsinki, Finland. On that occasion, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, signs the basic CSCE documents.

• 10

The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) Resolution on FRY states that Serbia is exclusively guilty for the war.

The Western European Union (WEU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) both agree to police United Nations- imposed sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia by means of an air and sea operation in the Adriatic, but there is no authority to stop vessels suspected of breaking sanctions.

• 12

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman sends a letter to the UN Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, requesting military intervention.

• 13

Un Security Council passes the Resolution 764. The Council authborizes the UN Secretary General to deploy immediately further additional elements of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to ensure the security and functioning of Sarajevo air-port and the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and reaffirms that all parties are bound to comply with the obligations under international humanitarian law.

• 14

Milan Panić is elected as the Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

• 16

Full naval control over the Adriatic Sea starts, supervised by the United Nations (UN).

• 17

In London, the parties warring in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina sign an Agreement by which heavy weapons should be put under the supervision of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR).

UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/24307, in which he states that the Council welcomes the Agreement between the parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Page 92 July 1992

signed that day at London, and decides in principle to respond positively to the request that United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) supervise all heavy weapons in accordance with this agreement.

• 18

The Republics of Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are accepted as full members of the Middle-European Initiative.

• 19

The Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina makes the Decision on Establishment of a Temporary Office of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Republic of Croatia.

• 20

At the European Community Ministerial Council, the Report of the Badinter Commission is accepted: the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia does not exist any more.

Attacks on Dubrovnik ceased.

• 20–25

Expert groups of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia are in session in Brussels, Bel-gium. The main topic is the rejection of the Arbitration Committee Opinions by Serbia and Montenegro.

• 21

The EC Ministerial Council asked for, in a declaration, the exclusion of Serbia and Montenegro from international organisations, because of the escalation of Serbian aggres-sion in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as of the renewal of attacks on Croatian cities, pri-marily on Slavonski Brod and Županja.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović sign in Zagreb an Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzego-vina.

The Deputy Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia (RC), Dr. Miomir Žužul, and the Deputy Foreign Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herze-govina (R B-H), Vlatko Kraljević, sigh the Agreement on Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between RC and R B-H.

According to the Commander of United Nations operations in Sarajevo, General Lewis MacKenzie, 40,000 United Nations troops are needed in Sarajevo alone to keep the peace.

The Republic of Slovenia introduces special taxes on Croatian goods.

1992 August Page 93

• 21–22

The delegation of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Republic of Croa-tia is in Zagreb. In addition to the documents mentioned on the 21st, a Protocol on Eco-nomic Cooperation and B-H Refugee Accommodation in Croatia is also signed.

• 24

The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is excluded from the Organization for Eco-nomic Development (OECD).

UN Security Council Presidents issues his Statement S/24346, in which he states that the Council concurs with the UN Secretary General’s view that conditions do not yet exist for the United Nations to supervise the heavy weapons in Bosnia and Herzegovina as envisaged in the London Agreement, and invites the Secretary General to contact all Member States to ask them to make urgently available information about the personnel, equipment and logistic support which they will be able to contribute to the supervision of heavy weapons in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 27

The Argentinian President, Carlos Saul Menem, visits the Republic of Croatia.

• 29

The Croatian Army (CA) and Yugoslav Army (YA) sign an Agreement on With-drawal of the Yugoslav Army from Konavle (Croatia).

The Vice President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, and the Prime Minister of Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Milan Panić, and the Representative of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Cornelius Smmaruga, sign in Geneva an Agreement on Exchange of Prisoners of War between Cro-atia and FRY.

The United States of America (USA) start an initiative in the UN General Assembly on excluding former Yugoslavia from membership in the United Nations Organization (UNO).

August

•

The first clashes between Croats and Muslims occur in the area of Gornji Vakuf. A unit of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B-H Army, Armija BiH) from Zenica and a unit of the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) from Gornji Vakuf are involved in these clashes, which result in 6 HVO and 7 B-H Army soldiers killed. In the subsequent negotiations it is agreed that joint control should be established at check-points in the area of Gornji Vakuf and Novi Travnik.

Greece closes its border with Macedonia and imposes an oil embargo. The Greek action, based on opposition to the creation of an independent state using the name Mace-donia, brings the republic to the verge of economic collapse.

Page 94 August 1992

• 2

In the elections for the President of the Republic of Croatia the winner is Dr. Franjo Tuđman.

On the elections for the House of Representatives of the Croatian Parliament the majority of places is won by the Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokrat-ska Zajednica – HDZ).

• 3

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović addresses a letter to the United Nations (UN) Security Council demanding that the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina be allowed to import arms in order to “achieve the right of individual and collective self-defence”, guaranteed by Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.

• 4

UN Security Council President issues the Statement S/24378, in which he states that the Council condemns violations of international humanitarian law in the territory of the former Yugoslavia and especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina; demands that relevant international organizations, and in particular the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), be granted immediate, unimpeded and continued access to camps, prisons and detention centres; and calls upon States, international organizations and non-govern-mental organizations to make immediately available any information they might possess regarding these camps and access to them.

UN Security Council President issues the Statement S/24379 to the press, in which he states that the Members of the Counicl condemn the attack on United Nations Protec-tion Force (UNPROFOR) positions in Sarajevo resulting in loss of life and injuries among the Ukrainian servicemen, express their condolences to the family of the officer kill and to the Government of Ukraine, and express their condolences to the families of the two French officers of UNPROFOR killed in Croatia and to the Government of France.

At a meeting in New York, the Islamic Conference Organisation (ICO) advocates the use of force against the Serbian forces in compliance with Article 42 of the United Nations Charter, and the lifting of the arms embargo against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 5

Russia recognizes Macedonia.

• 6

The President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Gregurić, and the Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Milan Panić, sign in Buda-pest, Hungary, an Agreement on Exchange of Prisoners of War, by which all prisoners should be exchanged by August 14, 1992.

1992 August Page 95

• 7

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman gives the mandate to a new President of the Government, Hrvoje Šarinić.

UN Security Council Resolution 769. The Council authorizes the enlargement of the United Nations Protection Force’s (UNPROFOR’s) mandate and strength to enable it to perform immigration and customs functions on the international borders in Croatia, and resolutely condemns the abuses committed against the civilian population, particu-larly on ethnic grounds.

• 9

The Commander of the Croatian Defence Forces (Hrvatske Obranbene Snage – HOS), Major-General Blaž Kraljević, is killed in Kruševo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 13

First session of the new Government of the Republic of Croatia.

In Metković, Croatia, on the initiative of the Croatian side, the delegations of the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia meet with the delegation of the Ministry of Interior and the Croatian Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia recognizes the Republic of Slovenia.

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 770. The Council calls upon States to “take nationally or through regional agencies or arrangements all measures necessary” to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance to Sarajevo and wherever needed in other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This resolution, however, was interpreted as authorising the use of force as a last resort, since several European governments expressed the need for caution.

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 771. The Council strongly condemns any violations of international humanitarian law, including those involved in the practice of “ethnic cleansing”, demands that relevant international humanitarian organizations, and in particular the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), be granted immediate, unimpeded and continued access to camps, prisons and detention centres within the territory of the former Yugoslavia, and calls upon States and, as appropriate, international humanitarian organizations, to collate substantial information in their pos-session or submitted to them relating to the violations of humanitarian law committed in the former Yugoslavia and to make this information available to the Council. The Council decides, acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, that all parties and others concerned in the former Yugoslavia, and all military forces in Bosnia and Her-zegovina, shall comply with the provisions of the present Resolution.

• 14

The 13th Plenary session of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia ends without results.

France offered to contribute a 1,100 strong “force of protection and escort”, fol-lowed by Spain, Italy and Belgium with unspecified numbers.

Page 96 August 1992

• 15

After a 4 month blockade, an UN convoy enters Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 18

The United States of America and the United Kingdom had reiterated their opposi-tion to the use of ground troops, but the United Kingdom offered 1,800 troops to ensure the protection of humanitarian convoys in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 25

A United Nations General Assembly Resolution was adopted citing Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter which authorises the use of force where economic embargo has failed.

The former General Consulate of the United States of America (USA) is trans-formed to the USA Embassy.

• 26

The United States of America allow special trade status for Albania and the Repub-lics of former Yugoslavia, with the exception of Serbia and Montenegro.

• 26–27

The Conference on former Yugoslavia is held in London, attended by representa-tives of approx. 30 states. It is decided that the future solutions of the war in the area of former Yugoslavia should be coordinated between the European Community (EC) and the United Nations Organization (UNO). Lord David Owen, representing the EC, and Cyrus Vance, representing the UNO, are appointed as Co-chairmen of the Permanent Peace Conference. Six Work Groups are established and the following documents are passed: Declaration on Principles, Programme of Action, Document on Bosnia and Her-zegovina, Document on Serbia and Special Decisions. In its final declaration, the London conference, organised by the UK presidency of the EC, once again outlined the terms for a political settlement of the crisis in former Yugoslavia. A settlement was to include: – rec-ognition of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina by all the former Yugoslav republics; – respect for the integrity of present frontiers unless changed by mutual agreement; – guarantees for national communities and minorities; – the right of return for those who had been expelled. It also stated that “an international peace-keeping force under United Nations auspices may be created by the United Nations Security Council to maintain the cease-fire, control military movements and undertake other confidence-building meas-ures”.

• 28

On a meeting of the Foreign Ministers and Ministers of Defence of the West-Euro-pean Union (WEU) the decision is made to tighten the embargo enforcement on the Danube and in the Adriatic. WEU also announced that it would send 5,250 soldiers, together with transport and logistical equipment, at the immediate disposal of the United Nations, for the protection of humanitarian convoys in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1992 September Page 97

September

• 2

UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/24510, in which he states that the Council expresses its full support for the Statement of Principles adopted, and other agreements reached, at the London Conference, held on August 26 and 27, 1992.

• 3

In Geneva, the new Permanent Conference on Yugoslavia co-chaired by Lord David Owen for the European Community (EC) and Cyrus Vance for the United Nations, is opened.

An Italian aeroplane is shot down over Bosnia.

• 4

Croatia confiscates an Iranian aeroplane with weapons destined for Bosnia and Her-zegovina.

• 6

In a Communique, the Geneva Conference announces that by September 12, 1992, the warring parties in Bosnia and Hercegovina are to place under United Nations supervi-sion their heavy weaponry (artillery over 100 mm calibre, 82 mm mortars, tanks and rocket launchers) deployed around Sarajevo, Goražde, Bihać and Jajce.

• 7

The constitutional session of the Croatian Parliament House of Representatives is held. The Government led by Hrvoje Šarinić is accepted by the newly elected Parliament.

• 8

The Co-chairmen of the Conference on former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance, visit the Republic of Croatia.

• 9

UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/24539, in which he states that the Council invites the UN Secretary General to inform it on the findings of the inquiry into the circumnstances of the attack which cost the lives of two French soldiers of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) near Sarajevo, as well as other similar incidents.

• 10

The UN Secretary General asks in his Report for the extension of the UNPROFOR mandate in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Page 98 September 1992

• 11

By a decision of the President of the Republic of Croatia, the Supreme State Coun-cil ceases to exist, and two new conciliatory bodies are established: the Presidential Coun-cil and the Council for National Defence.

The Croatian Parliament is accepted as a member of the Inter-parliamentary Union.

• 12

The warring parties in Bosnia and Hercegovina were to place under United Nations supervision their heavy weaponry (artillery over 100 mm calibre, 82 mm mortars, tanks and rocket launchers) deployed around Sarajevo, Goražde, Bihać and Jajce, as announced by the Communique of the Geneva Conference (dated September 6, 1992), but this is only partly attained.

The UN Security Council Embargo Committee states that the weapons from the confiscated Iranian aeroplane should be destroyed.

• 13

In Zagreb the founding meeting of the Community of Serb Nationals in Croatia is held.

• 14

The final meeting of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Croatian Government representatives.

The UN Security Council Resolution 776. The Council authorizes the enlargement of the United Nations Protection Force’s (UNPROFOR’s) mandate and strength in Bos-nia and Herzegovina to provide protection to United Nations High Commissioner for Reffugees (UNHCR) - organized humanitarian convoys, as well as to convoys of released detainees if requested by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The UN Security Council agreed to expand the UNPROFOR by up to 6 000 troops, in addition to the 1 500 in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the 15 000 in Croatia. UNPROFOR mem-bers are by this allowed to use force for self-defence, including when prevented from car-rying out their mandate.

The Serbs withdraw, after a full year, from the Hydro-Electric plant Peruča, Croatia.

• 18

Mara M. Letica is appointed the Ambassador of the United States of America to the Republic of Croatia.

• 18–19

In Zagreb the International Conference on Human Rights Protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina is held.

• 19

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 777. The Council considers that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) cannot continue automatically

1992 September Page 99

the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia [Socialist Federa-tive Republic of Yugoslavia] in the United Nations, and recommends to the UN General Assembly that it decide that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) should apply for membership in the United Nations and that it shall not participate in the work of the General Assembly.

• 21

The Republic of Croatia is accepted as a member of the International Agency for Nuclear Energy.

• 22

UN General Assembly on its 47th plenary session votes the Resolution 47/1, agree-ing with the UN Security Council Resolution 777, of September 19, 1992, excluding the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) from the work of the General Assembly.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, holds a speech on the regular autumn session of the UN General Assembly in New York.

• 23

The UN General Assembly on its 47th plenary session decides that the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia does not exist any more.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, sign in New York the Addendum to the Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 25

The House of Representatives of the Croatian Parliament, on an initiative of the Croatian Government, enacts the Law Concerning Amnesty for Criminal Acts and from Prosecution for Criminal Acts Committed in Armed Conflict or War Against Republic of Croatia.

• 26

The Council for National Defence of the Republic of Croatia discusses the Adden-dum to the Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 29

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, offers in Geneva a ceasefire due to the coming winter.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, appoints Dr. Zdravko Sančević as the Ambassador of the Republic of Croatia to the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Page 100 October 1992

• 30

In the presence of the Co-chairmen of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dr. Dobrica Ćosić, after an eight hour discussion, signed an 8 points Agreement, which should be a basis for a dif-ferent relationship between the two countries.

October

•

The soldiers of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) unilaterally establish a check-point in the village of Opara (between Gornji Vakuf and Novi Travnik), Bosnia and Herzegovina, thus interrupting the road communication of a part of Herzego-vina with central Bosnia. Several people are killed and a number of convoys are plundered at this check-point.

• 1

The Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina establish diplomatic relations.

The Serbs establish Serb Sarajevo, which includes 9 former municipalities.

• 4

Interpol is warned about the existence of 16,000 Yugoslav passports, which were, together with the appropriate stamps, taken from Sarajevo by a former high-ranking police officer.

• 5

A Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) mission arrives in Zagreb to investigate the status and issues of human rights in the Republic of Croatia. The mission also has an audience with the Croatian President, Dr. Franjo Tuđman.

• 6

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, meets the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman in Zagreb. A discussion is held on the issues of further coordination of actions in accordance with the Addendum to the Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

UN Security Council brings the Resolution 779. The Council authorizes the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to assume responsibility for monitoring the arrangements agreed for the complete withdrawal of the Yugoslav Army from Croatia, the demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula and the removal of havy weapons from neighbouring areas of Croatia and Montenegro.

1992 October Page 101

The UN Security Council also brings the Resolution 780. The Council requests the Secretary General to establish an impartial Commission of Experts with a view to provid-ing him with its conclusions on the evidence of grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and other violations of humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugo-slavia.

• 7

The fall of Bosanski Brod into the hands of Bosnian Serbs, and the destruction of the bridge across the Sava river, conneting Slavonski Brod in Croatia and Bosanski Brod in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 9

The UN Security Coucil Resolution 781. The Council decides to establish a ban on military flights in the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the so-called No-Fly Zone), and undertakes to examine without delay all the information brought to its attention con-cerning the implementation of the ban and, in the case of violations, to consider urgently the furhter measures necessary to enforce it.

The ban on military flights, defined in the UN Security Council Resolution was immediately defied, but under intense international pressure and the announcement of the President of the United States of America, George Bush, that the United States are prepared to participate in enforcing the ban, Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs finally grounded all combat aircraft.

The Yugoslav Army leaves Konavle, Cavtat and a part of Župa Dubrovačka.

• 12

In Zagreb the first meeting of the Inter-state Committee of the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is held.

The withdrawal of the Yugoslav Army from Prevlaka begins.

• 13

High officials of the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia meet in Brdo kod Kranja, Slovenia.

• 15

The British Foreign Office withdraws its Recommendation not to travel to Croatia.

NATO sends AWACS aeroplanes to monitor the No-Fly Zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 16

In their Birmingham Declaration, the European Community (EC) leaders warned that they would ask the United Nations (UN) Security Council to consider enforcement measures if delays in compliance with the ban on military flights (the so-called No-Fly Zone) continued.

Page 102 October 1992

• 18

The Vice-President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, and the Minister of Justice of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dr. Tibor Var-ady sign in Geneva an Agreement on Finalizing the Exchange of Prisoners of War and on Quickening of the Search for Missing People (in accordance and as an extension of the previously signed Agreements from Geneva and Budapest).

• 19

Serbian Police Forces occupy the building of the Yugoslav Police Forces in Belgrade.

• 20

The Yugoslav Army’s withdrawal from Prevlaka is completed.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dr. Dobrica Ćosić, meet in Geneva for the second round of negotiations. The main topic is the opening of roads and telecommunication traffic between the two states. It is agreed that in Belgrade and in Zagreb Liaison Officers will be instituted.

The UN Security Council postpones the discussion on the Lifting of the Arms Embargo for the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

•

The Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) forces prevent Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) units from military assisting in the battle for Jajce. In the subsequent clash, a number of soldiers on both sides are killed, while Jajce is occupied by Serb forces and more than 20,000 civilians are expelled from the area of Jajce and Kotor Varoš (see October 30, 1992). The tension rises in the area of Travnik, with occasional incidents occurring.

• 23.

In Belgrade the second meeting of the Inter-state Committee of the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is held. For the first time a Croatian flag is hoisted in Belgrade, in front of the building were the meeting is held.

• 25

The Croatian flag is raised over Prevlaka.

• 27

The Co-chairmen of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance, offered to the three parties concerned (the Croats, Muslims and Serbs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) the text of the “Constitutional structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina”.

1992 November Page 103

• 28

The Geneva negotiators formally rejected the division of the Republic of Bosni and Herzegovina into three “ethnic-, confessionally-based republics” and presented constitu-tional proposals (the text of the “Constitutional structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, see October 27, 1992) for a decentralised Bosnia and Herzegovina aimed at preserving its ter-ritorial integrity.

The reshaped republic, it was proposed, would be based on seven to ten provincial governments with substantial power and autonomy to control education, police, health and law enforcement. The borders of the provinces still had to be negotiated. A central government would remain in Sarajevo with responsibility for defence, foreign policy and trade. The largely ceremonial presidency would rotate among major groups.

• 30

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a letter to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, regarding the application of the Agreements signed in Zagreb and New York.

The United Nations Security Council President presents his Statement S/24744, in which the states that the Council strongly condemns attacks on civilians in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which constitute grave violations of international humanitar-ian law, and reaffirms that persons who commit or order the commission of grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions are individually responsible in respect of such breaches. The Council expresses its wish that such violations be brought to the attention of the Commis-sion of Experts mentioned in Resolution 780 (of October 6, 1992).

Serb forces occupy Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 31

In Priedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbs proclaim the unification of Croatian and Bosnian “Krajina”s (the Serb-held occupied territories).

November

• 1

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, meet in Zagreb to discuss the problems of interrelations between Moslems and Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 4

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, reports to the Diplo-matic Corps that Croatia is not guilty for the problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B-H), that Croatia did recognize the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent and sovereign country, and that it did accept around half a million of refugees from B-H.

Page 104 November 1992

• 5

The United Nations Secretary General issues his Report S/24767, in which he pro-poses the concept of operations for the supervision of the No-Fly Zone in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 6

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a letter to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, regarding the extension of cooperation, containing also an invitation to a high officials meeting to be held on Brijuni at the end of year 1992.

Clashes between 2,000 Albans and the Macedonian Police in Skopje, Macedonia.

The United States of America (USA) demand a prohibition of transit traffic through the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).

United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) convoys trying to reach towns under siege repeatedly came under fire and returned fire.

• 7

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a letter to the UN Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, in which it is stated that a full three months after the UN Security Council Resolution No. 769, nothing was done regarding the control of the internationally recognized borders of the Republic of Croatia with Ser-bia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 10

UN Security Council Resolution 786. The Council reaffirms its ban on military flights in the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the so-called No-Fly Zone), endorses the general concept of operations described in the Secretary General’s Report (S/25767 and Add. 1, of November 5, 1992), and approves his recommendation that the strength of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) be increased to enable it to imple-ment the concept of operations.

The Croatian Prime Minister, Hrvoje Šarinić, visits the European Bank for Recon-struction and Development in London.

The European Council Secretary General, Catherine Lalumiere is in Zagreb, offi-cially visiting the Republic of Croatia.

The Republic of Croatia signs the Agreement on Economic Cooperation with the Russian Federation.

The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) Monitor Delega-tion asks for the establishment of an “Ad hoc” Court for War Criminals.

• 11

The Croatian President, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, gives abolition to 104 convicts.

1992 November Page 105

• 12

In separate Declarations Serbia, Albania and Bulgaria expressed support for a Greek initiative to guarantee the existing borders of Macedonia, apparently designed to allay international concern about Greece’s intentions towards the former Yugoslav republic.

• 13

The President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, Hrvoje Šarinić, sends a letter regarding the request for membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs Treaty (GATT).

• 16

The UN Security Council Resolution 787. The Council, acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, decides to prohibit the transshipment through the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) of certain products unless such transshipment is spe-cifically authorized, and that any vessel in which a majority or controlling interest is held by a person or undertaking in or operating from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Ser-bia and Montenegro) shall be considered a vessel of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) regardless of the flag under which the vessel sails. The Council calls upon States, acting nationally or through regional agencies or arrangements, to use such measures as may be necessary to halt all inward and outward maritime shipping in order to inspect and verigy their cargoes and destinations and to ensure strict implementa-tion of the provision of Resolution 713 (of September 25, 1991) and Resolution 757 (of May 30, 1992). The UN Security Council, in addition to the strenghtening of the control in the Adriatic and on the Danube, also called for observers to be deployed on the borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The UN Security Council accepts by the same Resolution (No. 787), Paragraph 1, the text of the draft “Constitutional structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina” (as proposed by D. Owen and C. Vance on October 27, 1992), to be the basis for negotiations on a polit-ical solution of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 18

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, sends a letter to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, in which he states his agreement to the proposals for the establishment of economic and other cooperation between the two countries.

• 19

Alternative Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serb Constitutional Proposals based on the three-way subdivision of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as laid down in the March 1992 Lisbon Agreement with provision for joint foreign, defence and other policies, are presented to the Geneva Conference.

• 20

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Western European Union (WEU) agree to adopt powers to stop and search any ships entering or leaving

Page 106 December 1992

Yugoslav waters, with warships being allowed, if necessary, to fire across the bows of vessels to force them to stop.

The Croatian President, Dr. Franjo Tuđman appoints General Janko Bobetko the Chief of Staff (COS) of the Croatian Army, and the former COS, General Anton Tus, is appointed the Chief Military Advisor to the President.

•

Strong Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B-H Army, Armija BiH) forces arrive in the area of Prozor. Tension is created between the B-H Army and the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO), resulting in clashes which left some 30 per-sons killed on both sides and led to serious damaging of parts of the town of Prozor.

• 22

A naval blockade of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia starts.

• 26

The Croatian General Janko Bobetko and the Serb General Ratko Mladić meet in Sarajevo.

Despite an agreement between military commanders of the Croat and Serb armed forces in Bosnia and the UNPROFOR commander, Major-General Philippe Morillon, for Croatian forces to begin withdrawing from the self-proclaimed Serbian Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina as from 30th November, there was no sign of a decrease in fighting. An earlier cease-fire arranged on 11th November, had broken down after five days.

• 28

Mr. Kulenović is appointed as the charge d’affairs of the Embassy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Republic of Croatia in Zagreb.

December

• 1

The UN Commission on Human Rights concludes in its session in Geneva that Serbia is guilty of numerous crimes against human rights both in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 2

The United Nations Security Council President gives a Statement S/24884 to the press. In it he states that the Council expresses deep concern about and outrage at the increasing number of attacks against United Nations personnel serving in various peace-keeping operations, including United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II), United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) and United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR). The Council condemns these attacks and demands that all parties concerned take all necessary measures to prevent their recurrence. It considers the abduction and detention of United Nations peace-keeping personnel as totaly unac-

1992 December Page 107

ceptable and demands the immediate and unconditional release of UNTAC and UNPROFOR personnel concerned.

• 3

The aeroplane in which Phillipe Morillon, the UN Commander for Bosnia and Herzegovina, was flying over Sarajevo is hit.

• 6

In Slovenia, Milan Kučan is the winner of Presidential elections, and the majority party is the Liberal Democrats, led by Dr. Janez Drnovšek.

• 8

At the Geneva Peace Conference on Yugoslavia, leaders of the three warring sides, Mr. Mate Boban, representing the Croats, Alija Izetbegović, representing the Muslims, and Dr. Radovan Karadžić, representing the Serbs, in Bosnia and Herzegovina presented maps for the “cantonisation” of the Republic along ethnic lines.

Serbian tanks enter the Sarajevo airport.

• 8–9

The Work Group of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia in Geneva invites all three parties concerned to negotiations on the plan of the constitutional solution and maps with “borders” of administrative units. There are no common meetings.

• 9

The UN Secretary General, in his Report S/24923 on the United Nations Protec-tion Force (UNPROFOR) in Croatia, admits that the border control between Croatia and Serbia and between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina is still not established, and, as a consequence of that, weapons and ammunition continue to be shipped into the so-called Krajina (the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia). He proposes that the Peace Force should take over the Customs services and border control, and for that reason the number of UN personnel in Croatia should be enlarged.

The UN Security Council President, in his Statement S/24932, states that the Council strongly condemns the renewed offensive by Serb militia in Bosnia and Herzego-vina, and in particular against the city of Sarajevo, and demands the immediate cessation of these attacks and of all actions impending the distribution of humanitarian assistance and forcing the inhabitants of Sarajevo to leave the city.

• 10

Over 1 million Greeks demonstrate in Athens, Greece, against the international rec-ognition of Macedonia under its existing name.

In Brussels, Belgium, the European Community (EC) Foreign Ministers criticise Greece for allowing Greek companies to violate United Nations sanctions by shipping oil to Serbia while at the same time withholding oil from Macedonia. United Nations sanc-tions against Serbia had already cut off Macedonia’s main trade route.

Page 108 December 1992

• 11

The United Nations Security Council Resolution 795. The Council authorizes the Secretary General to establish a presence of United Nations Protection Force (UNPRO-FOR) in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; requests him to deploy immediately the military, civil affairs, and administrative personnel; and also requests him to deploy the police monitors immediately upon receiving the consent of the Government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The UN Security Council authorised the dis-patch to Macedonia 700 troops plus 35 military observers and 26 civilian police.

• 14

The Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Zdenko Škrabalo, is represent-ing Croatia at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) Ministerial Conference in Stockholm, Sweden.

• 15

The Republic of Croatia is accepted in the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

• 17

Foreign Ministers of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), which was preparing contingency plans for intervention, agree to support any future United Nations resolution enforcing the existing flight ban over Bosnia, on condition that such a resolu-tion provided for continued humanitarian efforts. The United Kingdom has consistently expressed reservations over intervention, in contrast to the stance of the United States of America (USA) which calls for preventive bombardment of Serb positions.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, the Co-chairmen of the Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance, and the President of the Croat Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr. Mate Boban, meet in Zagreb, attempting to coordinate their positions and proposed solutions.

Dr. Zdravko Sančević is the first foreign diplomat to present his credentials to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, in Sarajevo.

• 18

The UN General Assembly demands that the UN Security Council reconsider the lifting of the Arms Embargo on Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as a military intervention against Serbia and Montenegro, if they continue acting against the UN Resolutions after January 15, 1993.

The UN Security Council Resolution 798. The Council, appalled by reports of the massive, organized and systematic detention and rape of women, in particular Muslim women, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, strongly condemns these acts of “unspeakable brutal-ity” and requests the Secretary General to provide such necessary means of support as are available to him in the area to facilitate the European Community’s investigative mission to have free and secure access to the places of detention.

1992 December Page 109

• 20

The President of the United States of America, George Bush, and the Prime Minis-ter of the United Kingdom, John Major, agree in Washington to support a United Nations resolution enforcing the flight ban (so-called No-Fly Zone).

Elections in Serbia and Montenegro do not bring any change in political power structures.

• 22

The British Prime Minister, John Major, is visiting the British contingent of the UN troops in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 23

The American air base in Avian, Italy is in a state of alert.

• 25

The President of the United States of America, George Bush, warns the Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević, in a letter that if Serbia provokes a conflict in the largely Alban-populated province of Kosovo, or if the United Nations Security Council votes to enforce the flight ban, the United States of America could unilaterally use military force against Serbia.

• 27

The Foreign Minister of the French Republic, Roland Dumas, sais that France will participate in United Nations efforts to enforce the flight ban (so-called No-Fly Zone).

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) asks the Serbian President, Slo-bodan Milošević, to stop the bloodshed.

• 27–28

At the session of the Conference on the Former Yugoslavia in Geneva, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, held separate meetings with the UN Sec-retary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, the President of the Presidium of Bosnia and Her-zegovina, Alija Izetbegović, and the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dr. Dobrica Ćosić.

At the session of the Conference on the Former Yugoslavia in Geneva a new territo-rial and constitutional solution for Bosnia and Herzegovina is proposed, later known as the “Vance-Owen Plan”.

• 28

The European Community (EC) Commission announced to Croatia that the meas-ures of double control for exports into Macedonia and the Republic of Croatia are lifted.

The President of the United States of America (USA), George Bush, warns the Serb leaders that the USA is ready to use force.

Page 110 December 1992

• 29

The Parliament of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia does not trust the Govern-ment led by Milan Panić any more.

• 31

A celebration of the New Year is being prepared in many countries around the World.

The last day the United Kingdom is having the presidency of the European Com-munity Monitor Mission (ECMM).

1993 January Page 111

1993

January

•

Fighting breaks out again in the area of Gornji Vakuf. The Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) units from Zenica, Travnik and Bugojno clash with the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) forces from Gornji Vakuf and Prozor, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina. More than a hundred soldiers are killed on both sides and several villages are completely destroyed, as well as some parts of the town of Gornji Vakuf. All communication lines between Herzegovina and the central Bosnia are almost completely cut off.

• 1

Denmark takes over the presidency of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM). The fifth Head of Mission (HOM) of the ECMM is Ambassador Erik Skov.

• 2

The UN Security Council makes minor changes in the text of the Constitutional Structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was already accepted, and introduced addi-tional paragraphs concerning the map of the proposed division into provinces, as it is put forward in the Constitutional Principles for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance present a new proposal for Bosnia and Herze-govina, including: - the reorganisation of Bosnia and Herzegovina into ten provinces, according to a detailed map which is provided; - the establishment of five major corridors between the provinces which would allow the safe passage of humanitarian aid and civil-ians; - constitutional principles for the republic with a large measure of autonomy for the provinces within a decentralised state; - cease-fire and demilitarisation arrangements.

• 4

In Geneva, the Vance–Owen Agreement on Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina is signed.

The Serb People’s Party (Srbska narodna stranka – SNS) sends a letter to the United Nations Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, on an urgent move to resolving the full sovereignty and integrity of the Republic of Croatia, and forming and activating a spe-cial negotiating body which would be based in Zagreb, and later in Knin, Croatia.

• 6

The pre-election campaign for the election of members of the House of Counties of the Croatian Parliament starts.

Page 112 January 1993

• 8

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25079, in which he states that the Council strongly condemns the killing by Bosnian Serb forces of Mr. Hakija Turajlić, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while he was under the protection of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), and requests the Secretary General to conduct a full investigation of the incident and to report to it without delay.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25080, in which he states that the Council fully supports the efforts of the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, and fully endorses the view of the Secretary General that all the parties involved in the conflict in the Repub-lic of Bosnia and Herzegovina are duty-bound to cooperate with the Co-Chairmen in bringing this conflict to a swift end.

The Charge d’Affairs of the Embassy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Zagreb, Neven Kulenović, held a meeting with the Chief Legal Advisor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Stanko Nick, on the procedures concern-ing the arrangement and effectuation of international agreements.

• 10

After an Amnesty International publication on conditions in detention camps and, in particular, on the organised and systematic rape and sexual abuse of women in camps, the French Foreign Minister Roland Dumas says that France is prepared to act alone to free civilians from detention camps in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Later, the Defence Min-ister of the French Republic, Joxe, says that his colleague’s words had been “misinter-preted”.

After unsuccessful negotiations the Croatian Social Liberal Party (Hrvatska Socialno Liberalna Stranka – HSLS) leaves the coalition of opposition parties.

• 12

The President of the self-proclaimed Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs, Dr. Radovan Karadžić, under heavy pressure from the Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević, and the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dobrica Ćosić, agrees provisionally to the Constitutional Principles for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 13

The Prime Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Hrvoje Šarinić, starts his visit to Italy and the Vatican.

• 14

The European Community (EC) Foreign Ministers give the Bosnian and Herzego-vinan Serbs a six-day ultimatum for the definitive acceptance of the latest proposals, and the EC presidency threatens the complete political and economic isolation of Serbia if this ultimatum is rejected.

1993 January Page 113

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, is invited by the President of the French Republic, çois Mitterrand, on an official visit to France.

The President of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia, Stipe Mesić, visits Alba-nia.

• 15

The Republic of Croatia is accepted as a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

• 18

The President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia (Hrvatska zajednica Her-ceg-Bosna), Mr. Mate Boban, and the President of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mile Akmadžić, send a letter to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, regarding the worsening of the relations between the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) and the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH).

• 19

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina appoints Bisera Turković as the special and plenipotentiary Ambassador to the Republic of Croatia.

• 19–20

A Delegation of the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, headed by the President of the Bosnian-Herzegovinan Parliament, Miro Lazić, visits the Republic of Croatia. The guests are accepted by the President of the Foreign Policy Committee of the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Žarko Domljan.

The Parliament of the self-proclaimed Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs in Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina, finally accepted the outlines of the plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina (i.e. the Constitutional Principles for Bosnia and Herzegovina).

• 20

For the elections to be held on February, 7, the candidates from 26 of the 54 regis-tered parties are appointed.

• 22

A military action of the Croatian Army in the area of Maslenica allows the starting of the preliminary building of the pontoon bridge over Masleničko Ždrilo (the Maslenica borge). The Croatian Army forces penetrate the United Nations peace-keeping lines in the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina within the Republic of Croatia in order to establish a new cease-fire line allowing for the bridge building work before the expiry of the United Nations peace-keeping mandate on February 21, 1993, and to recover Croa-tian territory from the Serbs. These operations take place in the disputed “pink zone” out-side the United Nations Protected Area, but occupied by Serb forces.

Page 114 February 1993

• 25

The UN Security Council passes the Resolution 802. The Council demands the immediate cessation of hostile activities by Croatian armed forces within or adjacent to the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) and their withdrawal from these areas, strongly condemns the attacks by these forces against the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and demands their immediate cessation. It also demands that the heavy weapons seized from the UNPROFOR-controlled storage areas be returned immediately, and that all parties and others concerned comply strictlywith the cease-fire arrangements already agreed and cooperate fully and unconditionally in implementing the United Nations peace-keeping plan, including the disbanding and demobilization of Serb Territo-rial Defence units or other units of similar functions.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25162, in which he states that the Council reaffirms its demand that all parties and others concerned, in par-ticular Serb paramilitary units, cease and desist forthwith from all violations of interna-tional humanitarian law being commited in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including in particular the deliberate interference with humanitarian convoys, and warns the parties concerned of serious consequences if they continue to impede the delivery of humanitar-ian relief assistance.

• 27

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25178, in which he states that the Council, deeply concerned about the continued offensive by the Croatian armed forces, demands the immediate cessation of military action by all parties and others concerned, and full and immediate compliance with all the provisions of Resolution 802 (of January 25, 1993) and with other resevant Security Council Resolutions. The Council reiterates that it will hold the political and military leaders involved in the conflict respon-sible and accountable for the safety of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPRO-FOR) personnel in the area.

• 28

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25190 to the press, in which he states that the Council expresses its concern about a flagrant violation of the mandatory economic sanctions it had imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), and reaffirms its support for vigorous enforcement of the rele-vant Resolutions.

The Croatian Army troops liberate the Peruča dam.

February

• 6

The first negotiations of the Co-chairmen of the Peace Conference on the former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance, with the representatives of the self-pro-claimed Republic of Serb Krajina. The delegation from the Republic of Croatia is headed by the Croatian Defence Minister, Gojko Šušak, and the delegation of the Serbs from

1993 February Page 115

occupied Croatian territories consists of President of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina Goran Hadžić, Milan Paspalj and Slobodan Jarčević.

• 7

The elections for the House of Counties of the Croatian Parliament, and the elec-tions of local authorities.

• 10

The Administration of the United States of America offers to become “actively and directly engaged” in peace efforts in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and clarifies its policy on former Yugoslavia with a series of proposals. Reginald Bartholomew, cur-rently the United States of America Ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisa-tion (NATO), is appointed as the United States of America special envoy to the International Peace Conference on former Yugoslavia, which were transferred from Geneva to New York on February 1, 1993. The Administration expresses serious reserva-tions about certain aspects of the Geneva Peace Plan drafted in January 1993, which, it maintains, rewards ethnic cleansing. The United States of America Administration pro-poses, among other things, that: - any peace plan has to be accepted by all parties rather than imposed; - sanctions should be tightened against Serbia, which has to be dissuaded from spreading the war to Kosovo or Macedonia; - the no-fly zone over the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina has to be enforced by a United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution; - if there would be a “viable” agreement on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the United States of America would join with “the United Nations, NATO and others” to enforce it, if necessary by military force.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25270 to the press, in which he states that the Council, based on a report about the detention of Romanian ves-sels by the authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), condemns any such retaliatory action, and demands that the authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) release the vessels and desist from further unlawful detentions.

• 12

The UN Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, announces the possibility of withdrawal of UN troops from the Republic of Croatia.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a letter to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, in which he expresses his gratitude regarding the answer dated November 18, 1992, to his letter dated November 6, 1992, in which President Izetbegović states his agreement to the proposals for the establishment of economic and other cooperation between the two countries.

• 16

The Serb People’s Party (Srbska narodna stranka – SNS) forwards a letter to the Co-chairmen of the Peace Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance, in which it states that it has suggested to the United Nations Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, in its letter from February 4, 1993, among other things, an urgent

Page 116 February 1993

move to resolving the full sovereignty and integrity of the Republic of Croatia, and form-ing and activating a special negotiating body which would be based in Zagreb, and later in Knin, Croatia.

• 17

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25302, in which he states that the Council condemns the blocking of humanitarian convoys and the imped-ing of relief supplies, which place at risk the civilian population of Bosnia and Herzego-vina and endanger the lives of personnel delivering such supplies, and reiterates its demand that the parties and all others concerned allow immediate and unimpeded access to humanitarian relief supplies.

• 18

The Minister of Defence of the Republic of Croatia, Gojko Šušak, accompanied by Dr. Mario Nobilo, Slavko Degoricija and Zvonimir Lerotić, talks to Cyrus Vance and Lord David Owen in New York about preparations for the forthcoming talks with repre-sentatives with the Serb minority in the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs), and about concrete questions regarding the Maslenica bridge, the Zemunik airport and the Peruča dam, all in Croatia.

In Daruvar, Croatia, an Agreement between the representatives of the Serbs from the occupied territory of United Nations Protected Area (UNPA) West – Veljko Džakula, Dušan Ećimović, Milan Vlaisavljević, Mladen Kulić, Đorđe Lovrić and Milan Radaković, and the Prefects of the Western Slavonian Municipalities – Zlatko Kos, Zdravko Sorić, Ivan Volf, Vladimir Delač and Želimir Malnar, is signed.

• 19

The UN Security Council Resolution 807. The Council demands that the parties and others concerned comply fully with the United Nations peace-keeping plan in Croa-tia and with the other commitments they have undertaken, demands also the full and strict observance of all relevant Council resolutions relating to the mandate and opera-tions of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and decides, in context of these demands, to extend UNPROFOR’s mandate for an interim period terminating on March 31, 1993. The Council urges the parties and others concerned to cooperate fully with the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee of the International Conference of the Former Yugoslavia in order to ensure full implementation of the United Nations peace=keeping mandate in Croatia. It invites the Secretary General to take all appropriate measures to strengthen the security of UNPROFOR and requests him to submit a report on the further extension of UNPROFOR’s mandate.

•

Romania, Russia and Ukraine make calls for international compensation to be paid to them for losses suffered through United Nations sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).

1993 February Page 117

• 20

The Turkish President, Turgut Özal, officially visits the Republic of Croatia, in Zagreb.

• 22

The UN Security Council Resolution 808. The Council decides to establish an international tribunal for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991, and requests the Secretary General to submit for consideration by the Council at the earliest possible date a report on all aspects of this matter.

A census of displaced persons and refugees in the Republic of Croatia starts.

• 23

The President of the United States of America, Bill Clinton and the United Nations Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, made a Statement calling on the leaders of the parties involved in the peace talks on Bosnia and Herzegovina to come to New York immediately to resume discussions aimed at the early conclusion of an agreement to end the conflict.

• 24

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25328, in which he states that the Council endorese the February 23, 1993 Statement by the President of the United States of America and the United Nations Secretary General, calling on the leaders of the parties involved in the peace talks on Bosnia and Herzegovina to come to New York immediately to resume discussions aimed at the early conclusion of an agreement to end the conflict.

• 25

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25334, in which he states that the Council strongly condemns once again the blocking of humanitarian con-voys, reiterates its demand that the Bosnian and Herzegovinan parties grant immediate and unimpeded access for humanitarian convoys and fully comply with the Council’s decisions in this regard. The Council expresses its strong support for the use of humani-tarian air drops in isolated areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina that are in critical need of humanitarian supplies and connot be reached by ground convoys.

• 26

Due to the interruption of the high voltage electricity power supply lines connect-ing Dalmatia with the rest of Croatia, because they pass through the occupied areas of the Republic of Croatia, regular electricity supply to Dalmatia is hard to achieve. As a conse-quence electricity supply reductions start in Dalmatia.

Page 118 March 1993

March

•

The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) becames involved in attempts to evacuate Muslims from besieged areas. A fresh round of peace talks in New York fails to make substantial progress despite the signatures of several presidents for dif-ferent parts of the Vance-Owen plan.

• 1

In Geneva, negotiations between the representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia are held, chaired by the American Ambassador Herb Okun and the German Ambassador Geert Ahrens.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, on his regular press-conference, stresses, among other things: “There are signs that only those respond who realized that there is no other solution, but that Serbs have to search a solution within the framework of the constitutional and legal system of Croatia, and the Croatian Govern-ment will, on its side, do everything to reach a political solution, so that the Vance Plan can be enforced.”

• 3

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25361, in which he states that the Council condemns the continuing military attacks in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina and the resulting deterioration in the humanitarian situation in that region, and demands that the leaders of all parties to the confict in that Republic remain fully engaged in New York in a sustained effort with the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Com-mittee of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia to reach quickly a fair and workable settlement.

Heavy fights between the Croatian Army and the Serbs from the occupied territo-ries of the Republic of Croatia, in the Zadar hinterland.

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RB&H), Alija Izetbegović, the Vice-President of the Presidium of the RB&H, Dr. Haris Silajdžić, the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, and the President of the Government of the RB&H, Mile Akmadžić, sign the Addendum to the Agreemen on Country Organization.

• 10.

In the Republic of Croatia 13,788 missing persons are registered.

•

Five brigades of Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) from Zenica and Visoko attack Croat villages and Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) positions in the area of Busovača and Kiseljak, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some 80 persons are killed, and the road communication between Busovača and Kiseljak is cut off.

1993 March Page 119

• 17

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25426, in which he states that the Council demands from the Bosnian Serbs an immediate explanation of the violations of the “no-fly zone” and particularly of the aerial bombardement of the villages of Gladovići and Osatica in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and requests fthe Secretary General to ensure that an investigation is made of the reported possible use of the territory of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) to launch air strikes against Bos-nia and Herzegovina.

The Foreign Minister of the Republic of Slovenia, Lojze Peterle, is on an official visit to the Republic of Croatia in Zagreb.

The representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia held a meeting with the Charge d’Affairs of the Embassy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia, Neven Kulenović, regarding the status of the Office of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Zagreb.

• 20

In Osiek, the first Conference of Croatian Displaced Persons holds its closing ses-sion.

•

Fighting between the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) and the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) intensifies in the area of Konjic, Jab-lanica, Zenica and Vitez, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 22

The first session of the House of Counties of the Croatian Parliament is held. Josip Manolić is appointed and elected the President of the House of Counties, Ivan Aralica and Damir Zorić are elected for the Vice-presidents.

• 23

The Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B-H Army, Armija BiH) forces attack the Croat villages of Orliste and Buščak, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and occupy them. Five Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) and six B-H Army soldiers are killed. The negotiations followed, stopping the fighting for a short while.

In Belgrade, the Serbs from the self-proclamed Republic of Serb Krajina refuse the proposal of an agreement with Croatia which was presented to them in Belgrade by the UN Ambassadors to the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Herbert Okun and Geert Ahrens.

• 24

The Republic of Croatia becomes a member of the World Bank.

Page 120 March 1993

• 25

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25471, in which he states that the Council welcomes the signature by President Alija Izetbegović [representing Muslims] and Mr. Mate Boban [representing Croats] of all four documents of the peace plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina. It calls on the remaining party [the Serbs] to sign with-out delay the two documents of the peace plan that it has not yet signed and to cease its violence, offensive military actions, “ethnic cleansing” and obstruction of humanitarian assistance.

The Ambassador of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Republic of Croatia, Bisera Turković, presents her accreditation to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman.

The Temporary Government Office of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was established based on a proposal of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, stopped working.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, signed the Common Statement on Closest Cooperation between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Three Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B-H Army, Armija BiH) brigades, one Military police unit and several B-H Police units blockade the area of Konjic and Jablan-ica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 26

A vehicle transporting detainees from the Batković Camp (under the control of Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serb forces) for work at the front was ambushed. 17 detainees lost their lives.

• 27

The Republic of Croatia Coordinator for Civil Issues in Sector South, Šime Prtenjača forwards a letter to the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), in which he informs it on problems which should be discussed at the meeting of Croatian authorities and the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia, planned for March 29, 1993.

• 29

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman gives the mandate to a new President of the Government (Prime Minister), Nikica Valentić.

• 30

The UN Security Council Resolution 815. The Council extends the United Nations Protection Force’s (UNPROFOR’s) mandate for an additional interim period until June 30, 1993. It decides to reconsider within one month, or at any time at the request of the Secretary General, the Force’s mandate in light of developments of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia and the situation on the ground and

1993 April Page 121

requested the Secretary General to report urgently to the Council on how the United Nations Peace Plan for Croatia can be effectively implemented.

• 31

The UN Security Council Resolution 816. The Council, acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, authorizes Member States, seven days after the adoption of the resolution, acting nationally or through regional arrangements, to take, under the authority of the Security Council and subject to close coordination with the Secretary General and United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), all necessary measures in the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the event of further violations, to ensure compliance with the ban on flights, and proportionate to the specific circumstances and the nature of flights. (This res-olution effectively allows North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO] aircraft to shoot down planes violating the no-fly zone imposed on the Bosnian and Herzegovinan airspace in October 1992.)

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman continues to call for the implementation of the 1992 United Nations peace-keeping plan (the so-called Vance Plan) for Serb-occupied territory of the Republic of Croatia.

Representatives of the Republic of Croatia Defence Ministry Liaison Office and representatives of the United Nations (UN), the European Community (EC) and the Serbs in Sector South talked in the vicinity of Otočac, Croatia, about the exchange of cap-tured, wounded and fallen soldiers and on a cessation of hostilities from April 4to April 9, 1993. A cease fire and implementation of peace in the entire Sector South was agreed upon at the meeting so that both sides could examine the area between the front line and collect their dead.

Belgrade Radio reports that representatives of Serbs (from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia) have interrupted the negotiations in New York with Deputy Co-chairmen of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia, since they were not satis-fied with United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 815, accepted on March 30, 1993, which confirmed that the territories under the UN protection (the United Nations Protected Areas, UNPAs) are integral parts of the Republic of Croatia.

April

•

The administration of the President of the United States of America, Bill Clinton, (the Clinton administration), conscious of public opposition to direct military interven-tion, starts to express the view that the arms embargo on Bosnian Muslims should be lifted while allied air strikes might be used to reinforce sanctions and diplomatic pressure.

• 2

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, and the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, give a Common Statement regarding their signatures on the Vance–Owen Peace Plan.

Page 122 April 1993

The Ambassador of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Republic of Croatia, Bisera Turković, makes an introductory visit to the President of the Parliament (Speaker) of the Republic of Croatia, Stipe Mesić.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) endorses the enforcement of a United Nations- imposed no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it lays down strict rules of engagement with Serbian military aircraft, with the provision that those violating the ban would first be warned off and only if the warning would be ignored would they then be shot at. Serbian ground forces could not be attacked.

• 3

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25520, in which he states that the Council demands that the Bosnian Serb party cease and desist forthwith from all violations of international humanitarian law, including in particular the deliber-ate interference with humanitarian convoys, and allow all such convoys unhidered access to the town of Srebrenica and other parts in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The new President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, Nikica Valentić, takes over his duties as Prime Minister, and appoints as his Vice-Presidents Dr. Mate Granić, Vladimir Šeks and Borislav Škegro.

• 5

A meeting of the representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia in Otočac, Croatia, is postponed. The meeting was scheduled at the meeting on March 31, 1993. The Serb side did not respect an agreed cease fire in United Nations Protected Area (UNPA) Sector South, which should have gone into effect at midnight, April 4, 1993.

• 6

The Agreement on the Realisation of the United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 802 (of January 25, 1993) between representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of Croatia is signed in Geneva. The agreement is evaluated by the Croatian delegation in Geneva as the begin-ning of the enforcement of the UN Security Council Resolution 815 (of March 30, 1993) regarding the gradual realization of the full sovereignty of the Republic of Croatia on its entire territory which was internationally recognized. The Agreement was signed by Lord David Owen, on behalf of the European Community (EC) and the UN, Advisor to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Zvonko Lerotić, on behalf of the Republic of Croa-tia, and the Minister of Defence of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina, Slo-bodan Jarčević, on behalf of local Serb authorities in Knin, Croatia.

• 7

The UN Security Council Resolution 817. The Council recommends that the Gen-eral Assembly admit to membership in the United Nations the State which is being provi-sionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” pending settlement of the difference that has arisen over the name of that State.

1993 April Page 123

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25545, in which he states that the Council welcomes the initiative taken by the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia in order to set up a mechanism to settle the difference which has arisen over the name of “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” and to promote confidence-building measures in the region.

• 8

The United Nations (UN) General Assembly, by its Resolution 47/225, decides to admit to membership in the United Nations the State provisionally referred to as “the for-mer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” pending settlement of the difference that has arisen over the name of the State.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25557 to the press, in which he states that the Council expresses concern at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) report, according to which 17 detainees lost their lives in Bosnia and Herzegovina on March 26, 1993, condemns all violations of the Geneva Conventions and requests the Commission of Experts to carry out an investigation of these abominable practices and to make a report.

The German Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe, Germany, authorises the participa-tion of German military (Deutsche Bundeswehr) in North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO's) AWACS operations, controlling air space in order to help apply the no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina for Serbian aircraft.

Shannon Boyd states on a press conference in Zagreb, that the Co-chairmen of the International Peace Conference on the Former Yugoslavia got assurances that the Parlia-ment of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina will give its final confirmation of the Agreement on the Realisation of the United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 802 (of January 25, 1993) (signed on April 6, 1993) on its session scheduled for April 10, 1993.

• 9

The UN Secretary General released an Announcement (annex) regarding the Agree-ment on the Realisation of the United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 802 (of January 25, 1993) concluded on April 6, 1993 in which he stresses that both sides (the Republic of Croatia [RC] and the Croatian Serbs from the occupied territories of RC) had given evidence to the Co-chairman that neither side will station any kind of police within any area to which the 2nd point of that Agreement refers to, and that they agreed that the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) will, in the transition period, until an agreement will be reached during the negotiations requested by the 5th point of that Agreement, exclusively perform all police duties in those areas.

• 12

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) fighters from France, the Netherlands and the United States start to enforce the “no-fly” zone over the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In the United Nations Security Council, the United States of America are instru-mental in bringing about a decision to postpone the vote on tighter sanctions against Ser-

Page 124 April 1993

bia until after the Russian referendum on April 25, 1993, conscious that the President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, is facing hard-line opposition from pro-Serbian con-servatives.

The Croatian Prime Minister, Nikica Valentić, explicates his programme of eco-nomic measures to the Main Council of the leading party, the Croatian Democratic Com-munity (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ).

• 13

The first constitutional sessions of the County Assemblies of the Republic of Croa-tia are held.

• 14

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, accompanied by his associates, comes from Saudi Arabia to Zagreb, where they, in the building of the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Embassy, meet the Special Envoy of the USA on Peace Negotiations for Bosnia and Herzegovina, R. Bartholomew.

The Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) forces attack the area of the Neretvica river (this area is known under the name of Klis). The first attacks are launched on the villages of Solakova Kula, Buščak and Vratna Gora, predominantly inhabited by Croats.

The members of the irregular Muslim Armed Forces (Muslimanske Oružane Snage – MOS) capture the commander of Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) forces in Zenica and kill on the spot four soldiers who were escorting him.

• 15

The villages of Vrce, Lukšije, Gornji Prieslop, Donji Prieslop and Mrkoševica, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina, predominantly inhabited by Croats, are attacked, and at least five Croat civilians are killed.

A unit of the irregular Muslim Armed Forces (Muslimanske Oružane Snage – MOS) arrives in the area of the village of Ahmići and establishes a check-point, cutting of the road communication between Busovača and Vitez, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The State Committee for Normalization of Croatian-Serb Relations was appointed at the session of the Council for Defence and National Security of the Republic of Croa-tia. Josip Manolić was appointed president of the newly established Committee.

• 16

The UN Security Council Resolution 819. The Council demands that all parties treat Srebrenica and its surroundings as a safe area which should be free from any armed attack or any other hostile act. It also demands the immediate withdrawal of Bosnian Serb paramilitary units from areas surronding that town and the cessation of armed attacks against it, requests the Secretary General to take steps to increase the presence of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in Srebrenica and to arrange for the safe transfer of ill and wounded, and decides to send a mission of Council members to ascertain, first-hand, the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1993 April Page 125

(Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had fallen into Serb hands, is, after the UN Security Council Resolution 819, given back to the Muslims and becomes a demilita-rised zone.)

At the session of the Council for Defence and National Security of the Republic of Croatia, the State Committee for the Normalization of Croatian–Serbian Relations is established, headed by Josip Manolić.

The Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) attacks the village of Trusina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and occupies it within seven hours. A massacre follows, in which 17 Croat civilians and 7 Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) sol-diers are killed. The village is looted and burned. The village of Radešine (southwest of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina) is attacked as well.

Muslim forces attack Busovača and Kiseljak from the direction of Zenica and Visoko. Clashes between the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) forces and the irregular Muslim Armed Forces (Muslimanske Oružane Snage – MOS) occur in the area of Vitez, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In the afternoon, fighting breaks out in the area of the village of Ahmići, near Vitez, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and lasts for several hours, resulting in a number of civilians (both Muslim and Croat) killed and the village almost completely destroyed.

• 17

The UN Security Council Resolution 820. The Council commends the peace plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina, welcomes the fact that the plan had been accepted in full by two of the Bosnian parties and calls on the Bosnian Serb party to accept the peace plan in full. It decides to strengthen the sanctions regime imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), effective nine days after the date of adoption of the resolution, unless the Bosnian Serb party sign the peace plan and cease their military attacks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Gospić, Croatia, is under heavy attack by the Serb forces from the occupied territo-ries of the Republic of Croatia again.

The villages of Sultići, Goransko Polje and Butrović Polje, all in Bosnia and Herze-govina, are attacked. The Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) takes control over the entire town of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

More than a thousand Croat civilians are taken to detention camps by Muslim forces. A small Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) unit and about one thousand civilians are surrounded and cut off from the outside world in the area of the villages of Zaslivlje, Zabrdje and Turija, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 18

After renewed clashes between the Croat and the Muslim forces in the areas of Zenica, Konjic, Vitez and Busovača, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, and the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, issue the Statement on Croat-Muslim Relations.

Page 126 April 1993

• 19

The Deputy Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Ivo Sanader, sends a letter to the Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Denmark, Niels Helveg Petersen.

• 20

In Zenica, the Commander of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH), General Sefer Halilović, and the Commander of the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO), Major–General Milivoj Petković, sign a Ceasefire Agreement between Muslim and Croat Forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Parliament of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina during its session in Okučani, Croatia, refuses to declare its stance on the Agreement on the Realisation of the United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 802 (of January 25, 1993) (signed on April 6, 1993).

• 21

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25646 to the press, in which he states that the Council strongly condemns the new outbreak of violence in Bos-nia and Herzegovina, demands that Bosnian govenmental forces and Bosnian Croat para-military units cease immediately those hostilities and calls upon all the parties to cooperate with the current efforts in this regard by United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and Lord Owen, Co-Chairman of the Steering Committee of the Inter-national Conference on the Former Yugoslavia. The members of the Council also demand that the Bosnian Serbs fully implement Resolution 819 (of April 16, 1993), including the immediate withdrawal from the areas surrounding Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In Washington, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, meets the President of the United States of America (USA), Bill Clinton, and proposes a new “Camp David”, where peace in the former Yugoslavia would be brought about. On the same occasion, Dr. Tuđman sends an invitation for peace to the leaders of the Croats and Muslims in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 24

The Co-chairman of the International Conference on the former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen, and the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, arrange a meeting of Muslim–Croat leaders, to be held in Zagreb on April 25, 1993.

The 59th PEN World Congress holds its closing session in Hvar, Croatia.

• 25

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, and the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, sign a Common Statement on Cooperation, witnessed by the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman.

The Commander of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH), General Sefer Halilović, and the Commander of the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO), Major–General Milivoj Petković, sign the Addendum 1 to the above

1993 April Page 127

mentioned Common Statement on Cooperation: “The Organization of the Commands of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) and the Croat Defence Council (HVO)”.

The Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) soldiers and civilians in the village of Radešine, Bosnia and Herzegovina, surrender to the Spanish battalion of the United Nations Protection Forces (UNPROFOR), who hand over both the soldiers and the civilians to the forces of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH).

On a Ministerial meeting, the European governments with their troops involved in United Nations operations on the ground are opposed to the steps towards lifting of the arms embargo for the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and European Community (EC) Foreign Ministers take the view that lifting the arms embargo might escalate and prolong the conflict. Only Germany supports lifting the arms ban. The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland states that limited air strikes on Serb supply and communication lines would remain as the “least worst” option. At the same meeting, the EC Ministers reinforced their commitment to make tougher United Nations sanctions work by agreeing to double the number of EC sanctions monitors.

• 25–26

The Parliament of the self-proclamed Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs rejects the proposed territorial arrangements in the Vance-Owen peace plan for Bos-nia, which has been endorsed by Bosnian and Herzegovinan Muslims and Croats. Many interpret the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serb decision as a calculated gamble that the West's response to the crisis would remain tentative and that there would be no direct international military intervention.

• 25–28

The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) holds a meeting in Karachi. The Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Zdenko Škrabalo, sends a Message from the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the OIC.

• 26

The Deputy Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Ivo Sanader, sends a letter to Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Hornhues.

• 27

At a meeting with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) senior military offi-cials in Brussels, Belgium, General Colin Powell makes it clear that the Government of the United States of America would not contemplate military action without specific author-ity from the United Nations. On the same occasion, the Chairman of NATO's Military Committee insists that western political leaders should first specify their political objec-tives in Bosnia and Herzegovina, before advocating any kind of military action.

• 28

The UN Security Council Resolution 821. The Council reaffirms that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) cannot continue automatically the mem-

Page 128 May 1993

bership of the former Socialist FederalRepublic of Yugoslavia [Socialist Federative Repub-lic of Yugoslavia] in the United Nations, and recommends to the General Assembly that it decide that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) shall not partici-pate in the work of the Economic and Social Coucil.

After a tour through Croatia, the Croatian Prime Minister, Nikica Valentić, exposes his economic programme to the House of Counties of the Croatian Parliament. Later he explicates his programme also to the House of Representatives.

Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Hornhues replies to the letter sent to him by the Deputy For-eign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Ivo Sanader, on April 26, 1993.

• 28–May 1

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman visits the Republic of Turkey, where he agrees with the Turkish President, Suleyman Demirel, on the establish-ment of a Common Turkish–Croatian Mission of Good Will, with the aim to analyse the relations between Muslim and Croat communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to re-establish their mutual trust.

• 29

The United Nations (UN) General Assembly passes the Resolution 47/229, by which it agrees with the UN Security Council recommendation from the UN SC Resolu-tion 821 (of April 28, 1993), deciding that, further to the decisions taken in the UN Gen-eral Assembly Resolution 47/1, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) shall not participate in the work of the Economic and Social Council.

May

• 1–2

At a meeting held in Athens, attended by the Greek Prime Minister, C. Mitsotakis, the Co-chairmen of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance, the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, the Russian Envoy, Vitalij Churkin, the American Envoy, R. Bartholomew, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević, the Montenegrin President Momir Bulatović and the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dr. Dobrica Ćosić, a “final agreement” on the Peace Plan for Bos-nia and Herzegovina is accepted. Bosnian Serb leader, Dr. Radovan Karadžić, finally signed the two documents of the Peace Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina, which he had not previously signed, under the condition that they will be accepted by the self-pro-claimed “Parliament of the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, to be held on May 5, 1993.

• 3

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement to the press, in which he states that the Council welcomes the signature of the Vance-Owen Peace Plan in its entirety by all the Bosnian parties.

1993 May Page 129

Due to the renewed clashes between the Muslims and the Croats, the multi-party Mission of Good Will of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia stopped its mission to north Herzegovina and middle Bosnia. United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) was, despite the written Agreement to the mission from the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, and the support of the Bos-nian and Herzegovinan Embassy to the Republic of Croatia, not able to secure safe pas-sage to the Mission.

The Embassy of the Republic of Turkey sends a letter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, regarding the Turkish Government Mission of Good Will to the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In Geneva, the negotiations between the representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croa-tia continue.

• 4

Due to the continuation of Serb attacks on Dalmatian cities, the delegation of the Republic of Croatia decides to stop the negotiations with the representatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia in Geneva.

• 5

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, opens an interna-tional airport on the island of Brač, Croatia.

• 5–6

The Parliament of the self-proclaimed Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs, meeting in Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina, refuses to ratify the Vance-Owen peace plan, stating that the Peace Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina can be accepted with nine conditions. It is decided that a referendum on the proposal should be held in Serb held territories on May 15–16, 1993.

• 6

UN Security Council passes the Resolution 824. The Council declares that the cap-ital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, and other such threatened areas, in particular the towns of Tuzla, Goražde, Bihać, as well as Srebrenica, should be treated as safe areas by all the parties concerned and should be free of armed attacks and from any other hostile act.

The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), imposes an economic embargo upon the self-proclaimed Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs, to force them to agree to the Vance-Owen peace plan.

• 7

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement to the press, in which he states that the Council reaffirms its position that the basis for a peaceful solution to the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Vance-Owen Peace Plan and that the Bosnian Serbs must return to it.

Page 130 May 1993

The President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, sends a letter to the UN Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, regarding “the expansion of the Muslim aggression against the Croat population in the part which is historically inhabited by Croats”.

An international symposium on the reconstruction and development of the Croa-tian economy is held.

• 9–10

The UN Security Council accepts the Common Statement on Bosnia and Herzego-vina, regarding the latest clashes in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 10

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/25746, in which he states that the Council condemns the major new military offensive launched by Bosnian Croat paramilitary units, demnds that the attacks against the areas of Mostar, Jablanica and Drežnica cease and that Bosnian Croat paramilitary units withdraw immediately from the area.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a Message to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, and the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, on the necessity of immediate cessation of all hostilities. In the Message Dr. Tuđman strongly condemns armed conflicts between Croats and Muslims, regardless of the initiating party, and asks for cooperation in the fight against the Serb aggressor.

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, and the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, sign a Ceasefire Agreement in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 11

The Turkish Ambassador to the Republic of Croatia, Yuksel Soylemez, sends a letter to the Croatian Foreign Minister, Dr. Zdenko Škrabalo.

The Council for Defence and National Security of the Republic of Croatia issues a Statement as a result of its session, on which the renewed armed conflicts between Croat and Muslim forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina were discussed.

The President of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mile Akmadžić, sends a letter to the UN Security Council, to the UN Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, to the Co-chairmen of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg, and to the press.

• 12

In the presence of the General Phillipe Morillon in Međugorje, Bosnia and Herze-govina, Major-General Milivoj Petković, Commander of the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) and Genera Sefer Halilović, Commander of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) meet again, and express their will to establish

1993 May Page 131

peace. In the signed Agreement, full freedom of movement for the United Nations Protec-tion Force (UNPROFOR) and for the supply of both sides is guaranteed.

In Zagreb, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia arrange a reception for the members of the Diplomatic Corps to Croatia, at which, among other things, the topic was Croat policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the clashes between Croats and Muslims.

At the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, the Chief of the Cab-inet of the Turkish Foreign Ministry, Renato Coba, and the Ambassador of the Republic of Croatia to the Republic of Turkey, Hidajet Biščević, sign a Note on the Common Turk-ish–Croatian Mission of Good Will for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 13

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, receives the Russian envoy Vitali Churkin after his return from Knin, Croatia, and acceptes his suggestion for a meeting with the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia to be held in Topusko, Croatia, on May 18, 1993.

• 14

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement SC/5618 to the press, in which he states that the Council expresses its indignation and grief at the tragic death of a member of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) Spanish battalion.

The German Foreign Minister, Klaus Kinkel, officially visits the Republic of Croa-tia, in Zagreb.

• 15–16

In a referendum, the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs reject the Vance-Owen peace plan with a 96% majority and vote in favour of the independence of the self-proclaimed Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs.

• 17

The Turkish–Croatian Mission of Good Will starts working in Zagreb, headed by the Vice-President of the Croatian Government, Dr. Vladimir Šeks, and the Turkish Ambassador to the Republic of Croatia, Mustafa Askin. The members of the Mission were on an audience with the Croatian Foreign Minister, Dr. Zdenko Škrabalo.

The Romanian President, Ion Iliescu, is on an official visit to the Republic of Croa-tia.

• 18

Talks between representatives of the Croatian Government headed by Slavko Degoricija and local Serb authorities were held in Topusko, Croatia, with mediation of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)., A Ceasefire on all fronts in Croa-tia, to start at 12:00, May 20, 1993 is agreed upon. It is also agreed that another meeting should be held in Zagreb on May 26, 1993.

Page 132 May 1993

In Međugorje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, an Agreement on the Establishment of Peace is achieved between the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Croats and Muslims. Present were: Dr. Franjo Tuđman, Mr. Mate Boban, Mile Akmadžić, Franjo Boras, Milivoj Petković; Alija Izetbegović, Dr. Haris Silajdžić, Rusmir Mahmutčehajić, Sefer Halilović; the Co-chairmen of the Peace Conference on the former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg and the Chairman of the Ministerial Council of the European Union, Niels Helveg Petersen.

The Turkish–Croatian Mission of Good Will went to Međugorje, Bosnia and Her-zegovina, accompanied by the Ambassador of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Republic of Croatia, Bisera Turković, and other high-ranking Bosnian and Herzegovi-nan officials, as well as representatives of Croat and Muslim communities.

• 20

The members of the Turkish–Croatian Mission of Good Will meet in Međugorje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the newly appointed President of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Jadranko Prlić.

• 21

The Slovenian Ambassador to the Republic of Croatia is called to Ljubljana, Slove-nia, for consultation regarding the construction work on the Sečovje border crossing between the Republic of Slovenia and Croatia.

The construction works on the Zagorje motorway, near Gubaševo, start.

• 22

The Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs pronounce their military victory, controlling 70% of Bosnian territory.

The United States of America, the Russian Federation, the French Republic, the United Kingdom and Spain establish in Washington a “joint action plan” for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The “Joint action plan”, rejecting the military option, plans the creation of six security zones (Bihać, Goražde, Sarajevo, Srebrenica, Tuzla and Žepa, all in Bosnia and Herzegovina) in order to protect the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Muslim civilian popula-tion, as well as the deployment of international observers at the frontier between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to control Serbia’s support (i.e. the embargo Serbia proclaimed) to the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs.

In Croatia the Croatian Social Liberal Party (Hrvatska Socialno Liberalna Stranka – HSLS) elects a Shadow Government, headed by Dr. Goran Granić.

• 23

The Turkish–Croatian Mission of Good Will gives a Common Statement to the press. In Zagreb the Mission members are meeting the President of the Republic of Croa-tia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman.

• 25

UN Security Council Resolution 827. The Council decides to establish an Interna-tional Tribunal for the sole purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for serious viola-

1993 June Page 133

tions of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia between January 1, 1991 and a date to be determined by the Security Council upon the restoration of peace.

The Serb authorities from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia state that they will not continue the negotiations with Croatian authorities, as started in Topusko, Croatia, on May 18, 1993.

As the sixth Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić is appointed.

• 27

The Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) unit in the village of Vrce, Bosnia and Herzegovina surrenders to the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH). The unit and the civilians are detained in the area of the village of Gornja Višnjevica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 28

The Ambassador of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations (UN), Dr. Mario Nobilo, informed by a letter President of the UN Security Council, Jurij Voroncov, that Serb leaders in the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) of the Republic of Croatia once again discontinued the implemented dialogue with the Croatian Government. That discontinuation, as it was stressed in the letter, undermined “the positive results of the meeting in Topusko”, Croatia.

• 31

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, sends a telegram with best wishes on the occasion of the Muslim religious celebration of Kurban – Bajram to the President of the Meshihat of the Islamic Religious Community for Croatia and Slo-venia, Effendi Šefko Omerbašić.

The President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, sends a letter to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, regarding the newest developments in Sarajevo.

June

• 1

UN Security Council President issues the Statement SC/5635 to the press, in which he states that the Council learns, with distress, of the killing of two United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Danish civilian drivers in Bosnia and Herzego-vina, and declares the targeting of humanitarian convoys by the parties to the conflict totaly unacceptable.

Following an attack by a member of the ultra-nationalist Serb Radical Party (Srpska Radikalna Stranka, i.e. the Chetnik Party) on a Member of Parliament representing the opposition Movement for Serb Renewal (Srpska Narodna Obnova), Belgrade experiences

Page 134 June 1993

a night of rioting brought under control by violent governmental repression. The Serbian opposition leader, Vuk Drasković is arrested.

• 2 .+

The President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dobrica Ćosić, is accused by the Yugoslav Federal Parliament of conducting an independent foreign policy and removed from office.

• 3

After a disagreement on the voting regarding the Law on Temporary Functioning of the Administrative and Judicial Bodies, the opposition parliament members return to the House of Counties of the Croatian Parliament.

• 4

UN Security Council Resolution 836. The Council decides to extend the mandate of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in order to enable it to deter attacks against the safe areas referred to in Resolution 824 (of May 6, 1993); authorizes UNPRO-FOR, acting in self-defence, to take the necessary measures, including the use of force, in response to bombardments against or armed incursion into the safe areas by any of the parties or in the event of deliberate obstruction in or around those areas to the freedom of movement of UNPROFOR or of protected humanitarian convoys; decides that Member States, acting nationally or through regional organizations or arrangements, may take, under the authority of the Security Council and subject to close coordination with the Secretary General and UNPROFOR, all necessary measures, through the use of air power, in and around the safe areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to support UNPROFOR in the performance of its mandate.

• 5

The Head of the Defence Department of the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) of the Croat Community of Herzeg Bosnia, Bruno Stojić, sends a letter to Lord David Owen, Cederic Thornberry, Phillipe Morillon, Alija Izetbegović and Sefer Halilović, expressing his concern about the difficult situation of the Croats in the municipality of Travnik.

• 7

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, arrives in the Peoples Republic of China, for an official visit.

Regarding the new developments in Travnik, the President of the Croat Commu-nity of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, sends a letter to the Co-chairmen of the Peace Conference on the former Yugoslavia, to United Nations Protection Force (UNPRO-FOR), to the State Department of the United States of America (USA), to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and to the Embassy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Republic of Croatia.

1993 June Page 135

• 8

The UN Security Council President issues the Statement S/25897, in which he states that the Council expresses deep concern over the failure of the Krajina Serbs to par-ticipate in talks on the implementation of Resolution 802 (of January 25, 1993) which were to be held in Zagreb on May 26, 1993. The Council urges the Government of the Republic of Croatia, in cooperation with other interested parties, to take all necessary measures to ensure the full protection of the rights of all residents of the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) when the Republic of Croatia exercises fully its authority in these Areas.

At a meeting in Luxembourg, the Foreign Ministers of the European Community (EC) declare their unanimous support for the proposal for “safe areas” in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Council and the Western Euro-pean Union (WEU) Council hold their first joint session on the surveillance operations for enforcement of the embargo, conducted by WEU and NATO in the Adriatic since June 1992. The two Councils approve a unique arrangement for the command of these operations: delegation of operational control of the NATO/WEU Task Force via SACEUR to the Commander of Allied Naval Forces, Southern Europe, who will conduct operations to secure compliance with United Nations sanctions on behalf of NATO and WEU.

• 9

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina sends a Message to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (the conversation of the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Ambassador in Zagreb, Bisera Turković, with the Chief of Staff of the President of Croatia, Dr. Jure Radić), in which it expresses its regrets regarding the situation in the region of Travnik, and stresses that the information which the Govern-ment of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina has, does not correspond with the expla-nation of the condition in the region given by Croatia. It is proposed that a special Commission which, together with United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), would assess the situation, should be established.

The Prime Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Nikica Valentić, visits the Kingdom of Belgium, as well as the European Community in Brussels (Bruxelles).

• 10

The United Nations (UN) Security Council passes its Resolution 838. The Council requests the Secretary General to submit a further report on options for the deployment of international observers on the borders of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. (This resolution in principle completes the "Joint action programme" signed in Washington on May 22, 1993)

The meeting of the sixteen North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Foreign Ministers is opened in Athens, Greece. The NATO member states decide to make 80 (mainly USA) combat aircraft available to the United Nations for operations under NATO command.

Page 136 June 1993

The Secretary of State of the United States of America, Warren Christopher, con-firms the dispatch of 300 troops to the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. These are the first American soldiers to set foot in former Yugoslavia.

Following the signature of Memoranda of Understanding between the Western European Union (WEU) and each of the Danube states in order to optimise monitoring of the embargo against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the WEU mission is based at a co-ordination centre at Calafat, Romania. WEU member states will send some 300 civilian officials and eleven patrol boats with the task of stop-ping or diverting river traffic in order to check cargoes and destinations.

Šemso Tanković, the President of the Party of Democratic Action of Croatia (Stranka Demokratske Akcije Hrvatske – SDA Hrvatske), sends an open letter to Alija Izetbegović and Mr. Mate Boban, requesting that open and friendly talks on the common fight against the real enemy should be held in Geneva.

The President of the Croatian Parliament, Stipe Mesić, talks on a telephone with the President of the Presidium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović. Later Alija Izetbegović arrives in Zagreb.

• 13

In Geneva, the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina gives an Order for the cessation of the clashes between Croats and Muslims in middle Bosnia.

From the Office of the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia a letter is sent to the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna (Wien), Austria.

• 15–16

Within the framework of the Geneva meeting on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Pres-ident of the Republic of Serbia (member state of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), Slo-bodan Milošević, and the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, reach an Agreement on the Principle of the Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina into “three constituent nations” (Serb, Croat and Muslim) in the framework of a federal or confederal state. This proposal sounds the death-knell for the Vance-Owen peace plan for a division of the country into ten provinces.

• 16

In Geneva, the negotiations between the representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia restart. In a techni-cal sense an agreement on the possible opening of the oil-pipe line is achieved, but in the work groups on economic and military issues no results are noted.

• 17

On his regular press conference the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, among other things, evaluates the negotiations in Geneva as positive in spite of the fact that no concrete results had been made, “as they approach to the solution of the problems in a way which is in the given circumstances the only one possible”.

1993 June Page 137

The day after the Serbian-Croatian initiative for partitioning Bosnia into “three constituent nations” the Co-Chairman of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen, states that this proposal marks the failure of the Vance-Owen peace plan.

• 18

The United Nations (UN) Security Council passes its Resolution 842. The Council welcomes the offer made by a Member State (United States of America) to contribute additional personnel to the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) presence in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

The UN Security Council passes its Resolution 843. The Council welcomes the establishment by the Committee [set up pursuant to Resolution 724 (of December 15, 1991)] of its working group and invites the Commitee, as it completes the examination of each request for assistance under the provision of Article 50 of the Charter, to make rec-ommendations to the President of the Council for appropriate action.

The UN Security Council passes its Resolution 844. The Council authorizes the reinforcement of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to meet the additional force requirements.

The UN Security Council passes its Resolution 845. The Council urges Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to continue their efforts, under the auspices of the Secretary General, to arrive at the speedy settlement of the remaining issues between them.

• 19–20

A referendum of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia, i.e. the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina, is held. The referendum, and its results, call for the unification of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina and the self-pro-claimed Republic of (Bosnian) Serbs, as well as “other Serbian states which so wish”.

• 20

The Foreign Ministers of the European Community (EC) affirm the need to respect “Bosnia’s territorial integrity”, while examining with the mediator, Lord David Owen, the creation within the country of three entities for each of the three communities, Croat, Serb and Muslim.

The President Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, meets the European “troika” (the Foreign Ministers of Belgium, Denmark, and the United Kingdom), who urge him to take part in the new negotiations starting between Serbs and Croats. However, Alija Izebegović again refuses to participate in any negotiations unless the siege of Sarajevo and the Muslim enclaves in Bosnia and Herzego-vina is lifted.

Šibenik, Croatia, is attacked by Serb forces using “Oganj” rockets.

Page 138 June 1993

• 22

At the close of the summit meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark, the European Com-munity (EC) recalls its wish for the integrity of the Bosnian and Herzegovinan state to be preserved and a solution found that is acceptable to the three sides, Croats, Serbs and Muslims alike.

Talks are resumed in Geneva on the Serb(ian)-Croat(ian) plan for the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina between the three ethnic communities in the absence of the Pres-ident of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović.

The 400th anniversary of the famous Sisak battle between the Croatians and the Turks is celebrated in Sisak, Croatia.

• 23

The Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia and the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs split about the date of the “final unification” and creation of a “Western Serbia”. The Radicals from the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina (RSK) suggest June 27, 1993, and oppose unification after that date.

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, with his collabora-tors, participates in Geneva in the work of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia. The main topic is the constitutional structure and the internal borders of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The talks are to be continued in several days. The Croatian President, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, talks several times with the Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević. The Geneva peace talks between the delegation of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Presidents Milosević of Serbia and Tuđman of croatia come to a close, apparently without any progress being achieved.

Negotiations between the representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the repre-setnatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia are contin-ued.

• 24

The talks in Geneva, between the representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia, are finished. Both delega-tions got a document, based on the Geneva Agreement on the Realisation of the United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 802 (of January 25, 1993) from April 6, 1993, to be reconsidered until July 6, 1993.

• 25

In Belgrade, Zoran Lilić is elected the President of the Federal Republic of Yugosla-via (Serbia and Montenegro). The new President, reputedly “close” to the President of the Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, replaces Dobrica Ćosić, who was removed from office on June 2, 1993.

A four-member delegation of the International Conference on the Former Yugosla-via (ICFY) which is in a visit to the Republic of Croatia meets with the representatives of the State Committee for Normalization of Croatian–Serb relations.

1993 July Page 139

The Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia issued an Announcement stressing that they will not continue negotiations with the Croatian authorities which began in Topusko, Croatia, “until Croatia withdraws its forces and police from the occupied areas of Krajina to the separation lines from January 3, 1993.” (i.e. the areas which Croatian Serbs state that they belong to the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina).

• 28

In spite of hopes, the electricity supply reductions in Dalmatia are still not lifted.

• 29

The United Nations (UN) Security Council did not adopt, by a vote 6 in favour, 0 against and 9 abstentions (Brazil, China, France, Hungary, Japan, New Zealand, the Rus-sian Federation, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) the Draft Resolution S/25997. The Council would have decided to exempt the Govern-ment of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the arms embargo, imposed on the former Yugoslavia by Resolution 713 (of September 25, 1991), with the sole purpose of enabling that Republic to exercise its inherent right of self-defence. (By voting in favour of this resolution the United States of America broke ranks with their European allies who, along with Russia, sustained from supporting it. The USA vote in fact appears to be in contradiction with the “Joint action plan” agreed with the Russians and Europeans in Washington on May 22, 1993.)

A very heated debate in the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia on ‘Herzeg-Bosnia’, inspired by a “letter” read by the Member of Par-liament Vice Vukojević, finally settled down.

• 30

The last day for Denmark to be the keeper of the presidency of the European Com-munity Monitor Mission (ECMM).

The UN Security Council passes the Resolution 847. The Council decides to extend United Nations Protection Force’s (UNPROFOR’s) mandate for and additional interim period terminating on September 30, 1993.

July

• 1

The European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) presidency is taken over by Belgium. The sixth Head of Mission (HOM) of the ECMM is Ambassador Jacques de Baenst.

Arrival in Zagreb of General Jean Cot, the new commander-in-chief of the twenty-five thousand United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) blue berets in former Yugoslavia. The French general – who replaces General Wahlgren – stresses he will give priority to protecting and providing aid to the civilian populations.

Page 140 July 1993

At the end of a two-day visit to Greece, Boris Yeltsin and Constantin Mitsotakis emphasise their two countries’ common position on the Balkans.

Vuk Drašković, leader of the Serbian opposition, goes on hunger strike the day after the Serbian Government’s decision to keep him in detention in Belgrade.

The House of Representatives of the Croatian Parliament votes to change the name of the future Croatian monetary unit. Instead of “Kruna” (‘Crown’), consisting of 100 “Banica” (‘Vice-King-er’), it will be called “Kuna” (‘Marten’), consisting of 100 “Lipa” (‘Linden’).

• 2

The Council for Defence and National Security of the Republic of Croatia sends an Appeal to the Presidium and the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, asking for immediate cessation of the attacks of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH), i.e. Muslim units, on the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) and Croat civilians.

The First World Summit of the Croatian diaspora starts in Zagreb.

• 6

A new round of negotiations between the representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croa-tia begins in Geneva. After separate talks of the delegation of the Croatian Government and of the delegation of local Croatian Serb authorities with Deputy Co-Chairmen of the International Peace Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, Ambassadors Geert Ahrens and Knut Vollebaek, joint negotiations are expected in Geneva.

• 7

After the negotitaions between the representatioves of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives local Serb authorities from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia in Geneva, Ambassador Geert Ahrens, the Deputy Co-Chairman of the Interna-tional Peace Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, states that there were no specific results, and that the announced tri-partite meetings were not held.

The meeting of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Council at Ambassador level adopts plans for an air operation in support of the United Nations Pro-tection Force (UNPROFOR) in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, involving French, United Kingdom and Netherlands aircraft. The relevant operational procedures have been communicated to the United Nations.

• 8

The negotiations between representatives of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, the representatives of local Croatian Serb authorities and the representatives of the Co-Chairmen of the International Peace Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, are terminated in Geneva. The head of the Croatian delegation, Slavko Degoricija, states upon return to Zagreb that he things that “not moves towards the better were made, but the situation is worse than ever.”

1993 July Page 141

The American, European and Japanese partners of the G7 in Tokyo, Japan, for their annual summit meeting state in a policy Declaration on Bosnia and Herzegovina “that they cannot accept a solution imposed by the Serbs and Croats at the expense of the Bos-nian Muslims.”

• 9

In Belgrade, the leader of the Serbian opposition, Vuk Drašković, is released after being detained for a month.

In Sarajevo, the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina rejects Ser-bian-Croatian proposals for a tripartite confederation of Croat, Muslim and Serb repub-lics. “We reject the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina along ethnic lines” states the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Hezegovina, Alija Izebegović.

• 10

The Vice-President of the Government and the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia (RC), Dr. Mate Granić, the Deputy Foreign Minister of the RC, Dr. Ivo Šimonović, the Head of the Office for Displaced Persons and Refugees of the RC, Dr. Adalbert Rebić and the Croatian Ambassador to the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zdravko Sančević, on the Croatian side, and the Vice-President of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (R B&H), Hadžo Efendić, the Minister of Trade of R B&H, Husein Ahmović, the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, and the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Ambassador to the Republic of Croatia, Bisera Turković, on the Bosnian and Herzegovinan side, signed in Makarska, Croatia, the Agreement on Delivery of Humanitarian Aid in the whole area of Bosnia and Herzego-vina under the control of the Croat and Muslim forces, in the presence of all international humanitarian organisations.

• 11

The Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina confirms the existence of a proposal for organising Bosnia and Herzegovina on a federal basis, without ethnic divi-sions.

• 12

The Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia decides that relations with the Republic of Croatia should be “frozen”.

Arrival in Skopje, Macedonia, of a 300-strong USA (United States of America) bat-talion, whose task is to support the 700 United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) from the Scandinavian countries in their mission to prevent the conflict extending into the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

• 13

The Serbian forces attack Novsko Ždrilo, Croatia, and the airport of Zemunik, Croatia.

Assistants of the co-chairmen of the International Conference on Former Yugosla-via, Ambassadors Knut Vollebaek and Geert Ahrens talk in Zagreb with the delegation of

Page 142 July 1993

the Republic of Croatia for negotiations with representatives of local Croatian Serb authorities, which is headed by Slavko Degoricija. That meeting is a continuation of the talks held in Geneva the week before. Vollebaek and Ahrens also meet the representatives of the State Committee for Normalization of Croatian – Serb Relations.

Assistants of the co-chairmen of the International Conference on Former Yugosla-via, Ambassadors Knut Vollebaek and Geert Ahrens are received by the Cheif of Staff of the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Jure Radić.

During a brief visit to Budapest, Hungary, Alain Juppe, the French Minister for Foreign Affairs, expresses regret that United Nations Security Council Resolution 836 (of June 4, 1993) creating security zones in Bosnia remains a dead letter.

• 14

As announced before, the ssistants of the co-chairmen of the International Confer-ence on Former Yugoslavia, Ambassadors Knut Vollebaek and Geert Ahrens, visit Bel-grade, Serbia, and Erdut, Croatia.

The deployment of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) fighter aircraft starts at Italian bases – a prelude to the operation to provide air cover for the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) responsible for protecting the besieged Muslim enclaves.

• 15

Slobodan Jarčević, representing the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia, and Ivica Mudrinić, representing the Republic of Croatia, in the presence of Ambassador Knut Vollebaek and General Kai Eidi, from the office of Thor-vald Stoltenberg, and Ambassador Geert Ahrens, sign the so-called “Erdut Agreement”. By this agreement the Maslenica Bridge, Zemunik Airport and Peruča Dam, Croatia, will be under the exclusive control of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), and the villages of Islam Grčki, Smoković and Kašić, all in Croatia, will be policed by Serb militia together with United Nations Civil Police (UNCIVPOL). Both sides agree to intensify their efforts to reach a negotiated solution to all problems existing between them.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26084, in which he states that the Council expresses its deep concern at the reported hostilities in the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) including in particular by the Krajina Serbs, considers the planned unilateral reopening of the Maslinica bridge and of Zemunik Airport would jeopardize the objectives of the Council’s resolutions and urges the Government of Croa-tia to refrain from this action.

• 18

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, opens for use the air-port of Zemunik, Croatia, and the pontoon bridge near Maslenica, Croatia.

1993 July Page 143

• 20

The negotiations of the representatives of the Republic of Croatia and the repre-sentatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia start in Vienna, Austria.

• 22

Negotiations between representatives of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives of the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croa-tia, that began in Vienna, Austria, on June 20, 1993, are interrupted in the morning. The leader of the Croatian delegation, Slavko Degoricija stated in a telephone statement for the Croatian Informative and News Agency (Hrvatska Informativna Novinska Agencija – HINA) that the negotiations are interrupted since Serbs refuse to sign a cease-fire agree-ment. “Yesterday we agreed with representatives of the UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Force) and of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia about the cease-fire agreement, which we were ready to sign. At the talks this morning, the Serbs refused to give their signature”, stated Degoricija, adding that the Croatian delegation was not informed as to why.

The representatives of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia, General Bo Pellnas and Ambassador Knut Vollebaek went to Geneva for consultations about possible continuation of the negotiations between the delegations of the Republic of Croatia and local Croatian Serb authorities.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26134, in which he states that the Council demands an immediate end to the offensive by the Bosnian Serbs on Mount Igman and to all attacks on Sarajevo, to all violations of international humani-tarian law, to the disruption of public utilities by the Bosnian Serb party, and to the block-ing by both the Bosnian Serb and the Bosnian Croat parties of the delivery of humanitarian relief.

• 23

The leader of the delegation of the Republic of Croatia for negotiations with the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia, Slavko Degoricija, in an interview for the Croatian Television (Hrvatska Televizija – HTV) states that “the first day of negotiations, an accord was made about the text of the Agreement in Ten Points, which brought complete separation on all confrontation lines in Croatia. Representatives of UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Force) and of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia already began to celebrate, but instead of linguistic touch-up and sign-ing of the Agreement, its authors experienced a brutal slap.” Slavko Degoricija adds that “he warned representatives of UNPROFOR and of the International Conference on For-mer Yugoslavia to be cautious, since while the attention of the world public was focused on Vienna, the Serbs were achieving their aim on Igman mountain.” “We did not talk about the Erdut Agreement at all, since it had been already signed and it only refers to the area covered by (UN Security Council) Resolution 802, while negotiations on a total cease-fire in the entire territory of Croatia were in progress,” Degoricija says, explaining that “it is said in the Erdut Agreement that negotiations for accomplishment of a com-plete cease-fire will start immediately, since it is a condition for withdrawal, as well as for

Page 144 August 1993

any other activity in those areas.” As to the demand whether the Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) would withdraw from Maslenica until July 31, 1993, Slavko Degoricija said that the Erdut Agreement has several elements which would have to be fulfilled previous to that, and afterwards withdrawal and separation would occur, and not only in that area. “Today we clearly said that for a solution of that problem there are two possibilities, one is political, and the other is war, the one who does not sign the Agreement which guarantees security, is in favour of war,” concluds Degoricija.

• 27

The Co-chairmen of the International Conference of the former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg start in Geneva a series of bilateral talks on Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 28

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, the President of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, and the President of the Republic of (Bosnian) Serbs, Dr. Radovan Karadžić, agree in Geneva that they will issue a command for an immediate ceasefire to their respective forces.

A long struggle in the Croatian Party of Rights (Hrvatska Stranka Prava – HSP), culminates with the news that the Vice-President of the Croatian Party of Rights [CPR] (HSP), Anto Đapić, is thrown out of the party.

• 30

Agreement is reached in Geneva between the Serbs, Croats and Muslims on a Pro-posal for a “Union of Republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina”. This agreement envisages three constituent republics under the authority of a joint government with limited pow-ers.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26199, in which he states that the Council demands that the Croatian forces withdraw from the area of the Maslenica bridge and permit the immediate deployment of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), and that the Krajina Serb forces refrain from entering the area.

August

• 1

Due to frequent Serb attacks, the pontoon bridge near Maslenica, Croatia, is closed for traffic.

• 2

A part of the pontoon bridge near Maslenica, Croatia, is sunk after a heavy Serb artillery attack from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia.

The President of the United States of America, Bill Clinton, states that a military intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the form of air-strikes to protect United

1993 August Page 145

Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) troops should take place to loosen the Serb stranglehold on Sarajevo.

• 3

The fourth regular meeting of the six delegation leaders on peace talks about Bosnia and Herzegovina starts in Geneva. The meeting is attended by the Presidents of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro – Dr. Franjo Tuđman, Alija Izetbegović, Slobodan Milošević and Momir Bulatović, as well as the leaders of Bosnian and Herzego-vinan Serbs and Croats – Dr. Radovan Karadžić and Mr. Mate Boban.

• 4

The Head of the State Delegation of the Republic of Croatia for negotiations with the local Serbs, Slavko Degoricija, receives in Zagreb the Assistant to the Co-Chairmen of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Ambassador Knut Vollebaek. After a two-hour talk, Ambassador Vollebaek states that he has delivered a message of the Serbs from Knin, Croatia, to Slavko Degoricija, as a representative of the Croatian Government. Ambassador Vollebaek did not want to speak in detail about the contents of the message.

About the contents of Thorvald Stoltenberg’s message, which he delivered to Knin, the Assistant to the Co-Chairmen of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Ambassador Knut Vollebaek explained that it consists of three elements: “The first is, regarding the UN (United Nations), that the Erdut Agreement is still valid. Secondly, we called on them to show restraint, regardless of the fact that they had placed some kind of deadlines for beginning military activities, because we are actively included in finding the solution, and that as long as this is true, that they do nothing to stop that process. Third, we also told them that we are in constant contact with the Croatian authorities, in order to convince them of the need for the Croatian forces to withdraw.”

Slavko Degoricija, the Leader of the State Delegation of the Republic of Croatia for negotiation with the local Serbs states to the press that “we are still ready for a political, peaceful solution. The making of ultimatums by the other side can no longer be tolerated and we cannot wait indefinitely.”

• 5

The Leader of the State Delegation of the Republic of Croatia for negotiation with the local Serb authorities from Knin, Croatia, Slavko Degoricija, receives in Zagreb Ambassador Knut Vollebaek, Assistant to the Co-Chairmen of the International Confer-ence on Former Yugoslavia. Slavko Degoricija gives to Ambassador Knut Vollebaek the Answer of the Croatian delegation to the proposal of the Knin authorities (message of the Croatian Serbs from August 4, 1993) about the concluding of a cease-fire agreement. In that answer, it is accepted that “the negotiations about the concluding of a cease-fire agree-ment be continued in Croatia,” where the starting point for negotiations would be the draft of such an agreement that had already been discussed in Vienna, Austria. The Croa-tian delegation, Degoricija says in a statement to the Croatian Informative News Ageny (Hrvatska informativna novinska agencija – HINA), is ready, after the signing of such a general agreement, to consider all possibilities for individual agreements on certain issues or for certain sectors in the UNPAs (United Nations Protected Areas) in Croatia. “All

Page 146 August 1993

those agreements,” stresses Slavko Degoricija, “can only be along the line of relevant UN SC (Security Council) resolutions, especially Resolution 847.

Serb forces from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia attack the town of Gospić, Croatia.

• 7

The Croatian Party of Rights (Hrvatska Stranka Prava – HSP) holds its Convention in Kutina, Croatia. The assembly changes the party leadership, and a new President, Anto Đapić, is elected.

• 9

The United Nations (UN) Security Council votes the Resolution 855. The Council calls upon the authorities in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) to reconsider their refusal to allow the continuation of the activities of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) missions in Kosovo, Sandjak and Vojvodina.

The Geneva negotiations are broken off because of the withdrawal of President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović. The Bosnian and Herzegovinan President refuses to continue talks on the partition proposal until Serb forces are withdrawn from Mount Igman and Mount Bjelašnica above Sarajevo.

In Brussels, Belgium, the countries of the Atlantic Alliance reiterate the threats made by the President of the United States of America, Bill Clinton, on August 2, 1993. The North Atlantic Traty Organization (NATO) approves the principle of military inter-vention in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the form of air-strikes to protect United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) troops and loosen the Serb stranglehold on Sarajevo. The the final decision on whether the operation goes ahead rests with the United Nations.

• 10

Due to the Serbian blockade of Sarajevo, the peace negotiations in Geneva are stopped.

The delegation of the Republic of Croatia announces that it wwill continue negoti-ations with the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia in Geneva. The negotiations would start on August 11, 1993, and last until August 13, 1993. The Croatian state delegation includes Slavko Degoricija, leader, and members Vojislav Kučeković, Dr. Miomir Žužul, Dr. Zvonimir Lerotić, General Petar Stipetić, Brigadier Davor Domazet, Brigidier Milivoj Pleština, Joško Morić, and Milivoj Tomaš.

• 12

Internal elections in the Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ) are finished.

• 13

The House of Counties of the Croatian Parliament vetoes its first law. The law con-cerned is the Law on deprivatization, which is characterized by the House of Counties as a new “nationalization”.

1993 August Page 147

• 15

Serb forces complete their evacuation of the mountains above Sarajevo. The Mus-lims agree that the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) should occupy the positions surrendered by the Serbs.

• 16

The Geneva Conference continues with work again.

The President of the Presidium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, sends a letter to the Co-chairmen of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg, in which he states that he will not attend bilateral nego-tiations with the delegation of the leader of Bosnian and Herzegovinan Croats, Mr. Mate Boban, if humanitarian organizations, i.e. UNPROFOR, UNHCR and ICRC, do not enter Mostar and other places in Herzegovina, to give necessary aid to the population.

• 17

In an interview to the Croatian Television (Hrvatska Televizija – HTV), the leader of the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Croat delegation on the Geneva negotiations, Mr. Mate Boban, stated that “Mister Izetbegović has already started to recognize the Republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina and constituent parts of the Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Further he stated that the delegations agreed to temporarily organize Sarajevo as a Dis-trict, until conditions are met for a division. Regarding the future of the negotiations, Mr. Mate Boban said: “The Muslim and Croat sides will have a bilateral meeting, and the topic of the negotiations will be complete Muslim–Croat relations, taking into account the dependence of Muslim needs on the Croatian state and the interrelations with Cro-ats.”

Talks of the State Delegation of the Republic of Croatia for negotiations with Serbs from the areas under United Natios protection with the Assistant to the Co-Chairmen of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Ambassador Knut Vollebaek, are held.

• 18

In Geneva, the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serb leader, Dr. Radovan Karadžić, the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Croat leader, Mr. Mate Boban, and the Bosnian and Herzego-vinan Muslim leader and President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herze-govina, Alija Izetbegović, approve the document put forward by the Co-Chairmen of the International Conference of the Fromer Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen (European Com-munity) and Thorvald Stoltenberg (United Nations). This text proposes a temporary sta-tus for Sarajevo as a demilitarised city administered by the United Nations over a period of two years. However it is anticipated that this agreement will only come into force once an overall settlement of the conflict has been achieved.

• 19

The leaders of the Muslims, Croats and Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina continue peace negotiations in Geneva, at which are also the Presidents of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro. The President of the Presidium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija

Page 148 August 1993

Izetbegović, left the peace talks after one hour, but his aides state that “he will come back tomorrow”. The Muslims accuse the Co-chairmen of already having made a plan to divide Sarajevo, but the Co-chairmen state that they did not use any pressure on the negotiating sides regarding a possible division of Sarajevo.

• 20

The Co-Chairmen of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg, submit a Plan for the Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina into three Republics to the warring factions. This plan appears to consoli-date Serbian gains in that 52% of the territory is allocated to the Serbs, 30% to the Mus-lims and 18% to the Croats. A special status is proposed for Sarajevo and Mostar – which are to be administered under United Nations and European Community (EC) mandate for two years.

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, has misgivings over the Plan for the Partition. However this is backed by the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs, while the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Croats say they will accept it if the Serb and Muslim factions also approve.

The United Nations (UN) Security Council votes the Resolution 857. The Council establishes the list of candidates for Judges of the International Tribunal

On Debeli Brieg, a border crossing of the Republic of Croatia with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), the seventh round of negotiations of Dubrovnik, Croatia, Herceg Novi, Montenegro, and Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, representatives about the water supply for the Dubrovnik hydroelectric plant in Plat, Croatia, from the river Trebišnjica, and about the water supply for Herceg Novi, Montenegro.

• 22

After necessary repairs on the pontoon bridge near Maslenica, Croatia, it is opened for traffic again.

• 24

The United Nations (UN) Security Council votes the Resolution 859. The Council affirms that a solution to the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina must be in conformity with the United Nations Charter and the principles of international law, and declares its readiness to consider taking necessary measures to assist the parties in the effective imple-mentation of a fair and equitable settlement once it has been freely agreed by the parties.

• 29

On the island of Brijuni the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, talks with the leader of the Muslims from the Bihać area, Fikret Abdić, on the necessity of finding a new way for the cooperation between the Croat Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Muslim Republic in Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. Croat and Muslim nations as wholes, specifically in the Republic of Croatia.

1993 September Page 149

• 31

In Geneva the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, talks with the President of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević. Later the President of the Republic of Croa-tia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Croat Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, have a meeting with the Muslim delegation, led by Alija Izetbegović. After those meetings President Tuđman states: “We were talking about the solution to the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina, about the acceptance or non-acceptance of the package pro-posed by the Co-chairmen… The Serb (-ian) and the Croat (-ian) side do accept it, but the Muslim side has remarks, which sets back the Conference by a great deal, if not to the very beginning, at least it opens those questions which had been discussed on for a long time.” However, the new Owen–Stoltenberg plan is accepted unconditionally only by the Serbs.

September

• 1

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman states that the Con-ference on Bosnia and Herzegovina in Geneva was interrupted after the Muslim represent-atives made requests which the other two sides could not accept. “The Muslim leadership again put forward such requests, which stay for further discussion”, states Dr. Tuđman, continuing that “there is no sense in continuing the Conference, which is the opinion of the participants and the Co-chairmen.

The railroad workers hold a “warning strike”, which stop railroad traffic in different parts of the Republic of Croatia.

• 2

Under the auspices of UNPROFOR in Međugorje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the negotiations on the evacuation of wounded are continuing between the Croat and the Muslim side.

The eighth round of negotiations on securing sufficient quantities of water from the Trebišnjica river-basin for putting into operation of the Dubrovnik hydroelectric plant in Plat, Croatia, was held between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Montenegro (member state of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – FRY) at the Debeli Brieg border crossing.

• 4

The Presidium of the leading Croatian party, the Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ) decides that individual persons cannot hold more then one position in the Government or any other Authorities at the same time.

• 8

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izebegović is received in Washington by the President of the United States of America, Bill

Page 150 September 1993

Clinton. President Izetbegović fails to obtain any formal assurance that the United States of America will intervene in the conflict in former Yugoslavia.

The Head of the State Delegation of the Republic of Croatia for negotiations with the local Serbs, Slavko Degoricija, talks with the Assistant to the Co-Chairmen of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia, Ambassador Knut Vollebaek.

• 9

The Croatian Army performs an action in the Sector South, moving into several vil-lages towards the town of Gračac, Croatia, into the area held by the Serbs. This action into the “Medak pocket”, east of Gospić, moves significantly the separation lines between the Serbs and the Croatians. The action is performed as a preparation for future building of a highway, which should pass the mountain of Velebit by a tunnel near the village of Sveti Rok, Croatia.

• 10

Serb forces from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia shell Karlovac, Croatia, with hundreds of shells. The situation on most of the front-lines in the Republic of Croatia is tense.

• 12

The Serb forces from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia attack Samobor, Jastrebarsko, Popovača, Gospić, and other places in Croatia using ground to ground missiles. The airfield of Lučko, only 5 km (31/8 miles) from the seat of the Euro-pean Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), Hotel “I” in Zagreb, is also hit.

• 14

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, sign a Com-mon Declaration, after talks aimed at solving some of the problems which were instru-mental in the stopping of the negotiations on Bosnia and Herzegovina at the beginning of September 1993.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26436, in which he states that the Council expresses its profound concern at the reports of recent military hos-tilities in Croatia, calls on the Croatian Government to withdraw its armed forces to posi-tions occupied before September 9, 1993 and calls on the Serbian forces to halt all provocative military actions.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26437, in which he states that the Council expresses its profound concern over recent reports that Bosnian Croats have been holding Bosnian Muslims in detention camps under deplorable condi-tions and reiterates the principle that International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) must be given access to all detainees in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 16

The Presidents of ther Republic of Croatia and the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, having reached agree-

1993 September Page 151

ment on some points on September 14, 1993, President Izetbegović and the President of the Parliament of the Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs, Momčilo Krajišnik, sign a Joint Declaration in Geneva containing further adjustments to the Owen–Stolten-berg plan: enforcement of a cease-fire and dismantling of the detention camps. The most important clause allows the three republics the option of seceding from the future “Union” purely on the basis of a referendum.

• 17

The Foreign Ministers of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Mate Granić and Dr. Haris Silajdžić, personal representatives of Presi-dents Tuđman and Izetbegović for the realisation of the Common Declaration of Septem-ber 14, 1993, have a first meeting in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, leading their respective delegations.

The Austrian Foreign Minister, Alois Mock, accepts a honorary doctorate of the University of Zagreb.

• 20

Talks on the situation in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina are held on a Brit-ish aircraft carrier ‘Invincible’ between the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the President of the Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, the leader of Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs, Dr. Radovan Karadžić, and the President of the Presid-ium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, and Dr. Haris Silajdžić, representing the Muslim side.

• 21

The proposed meeting between the three warring factions in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Muslims, Serbs and Croats) at Sarajevo airport to consolidate the peace agreement is cancelled.

• 22

The Foreign Ministers of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Mate Granić and Dr. Haris Silajdžić, hold, in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia in Zagreb, the second meeting of the Common Com-mission for the Realisation of the Common Declaration of September 14, 1993. On the meeting there are members of five Work Groups appointed by the two sides.

• 23

The House of Representatives of the Croatian Parliament is urgently asked to ses-sion, to discuss the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) mandate.

• 24

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, meets the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Turkey, Hikmet Cetin. Attending the meeting are also the Foreign Ministers of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Mate Granić and Dr. Haris Silajdžić, and the Ambassadors Dr. Sančević, Biščević, Soylemez, Turković and Tufan.

Page 152 October 1993

In the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia in Zagreb, a meeting of the Foreign Ministers of Croatia, Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Mate Granić, Hikmet Cetin and Dr. Haris Silajdžić, is held. The meeting is attended also by the Croatian Ambassadors to Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hidajet Biščević and Dr. Zdravo Sančević, the Turkish Ambassador to Croatia, Yuksel Soylemez, and the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Ambassador to Turkey, Hajrudin Somun. The topic of the meeting was Croat–Muslim relations in view of the Common Declaration of September 14, 1993.

In the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb a common session of both Houses of the Croatian Parliament is held to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the unification of Istria, Zadar and Dalmatian islands with motherland Croatia.

• 25

The County of Istria holds a session to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the unifica-tion of Istria with motherland Croatia.

• 27

A temporary solution to the electricity power supply problem in Dalmatia is finally found, so the reductions are lifted.

• 29

29th September By imposing impossibly rigid conditions for acceptance – restitu-tion by the breakaway Serbs of part of the territory gained over the preceding eighteen months – the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina effectively rejects the Owen–Stoltenberg peace plan.

• 30

The United Nations (UN) Security Council votes the Resolution 869. The Council decides to extend United Nations Protection Force’s (UNPROFOR’s) mandate for an additional period terminating on October 1, 1993. [That is for 1 day.]

October

• 1

The United Nations (UN) Security Council votes the Resolution 870. The Council decides to extend United Nations Protection Force’s (UNPROFOR’s) mandate for an additional period terminating on October 5, 1993. [That is for additional 5 days.]

• 4

The United Nations (UN) Security Council votes the Resolution 871. The Council declares that continued non-cooperation in the implementation of the relevant resolu-tions of the Council or external interference in respect of the full implementation of the United Nations peace-keeping plan for the Republic of Croatia would have serious conse-quences, and decides to extend United Nations Protection Force’s (UNPROFOR’s) man-date for and additional period terminating on March 31, 1994.

1993 October Page 153

• 7

In the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia a session of the Work Group for the Re-establishment and Strengthening of the Trust between the Croat and the Muslim Nations is held. The meeting was chaired by the Vice-President of the Gov-ernment and the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić and the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Haris Silajdžić. The meeting was attended also by the President of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Jadranko Prlić. The main topic was a concrete plan of action regard-ing the release of all prisoners of war, the free movement of humanitarian convoys and other humanitarian questions.

• 8

The authorities in Belgrade announce their intention of blocking the peace process in Bosnia and Herzegovina if the peace plan is not accompanied by a “specific proposal” for lifting the United Nations embargo against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).

• 10

The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) Commander, General Jean Cot, strongly criticises the attitude of the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) towards the crisis in former Yugoslavia.

• 11

The Croatian Prime Minister, Nikica Valentić, presents to the public a package of anti-inflation measures prepared by the Government of the Republic of Croatia.

• 13

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26572, in which he states that the Council condemns the blocking of the Danube by two Serb Non-Govern-ment Organizations (NGOs), expresses concern that the authorities of the Federal Repub-lic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) continue the illegal imposition of tolls on foreign vessels, and reaffirms the unacceptability for that Republic to take retiliatory meas-ures in response to action by a State in fulfilment of its obligations under the United Nations Charter.

• 14

On Debeli Brieg, the border crossing between the Republic of Croatia and the Fed-eral Republic of Yugoslavia, a new round of negotiations is held between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Montenegro, actually between the representatives of towns of Dubrovnik, Croatia, and Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 15

The 2nd General Assembly of the Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica – HDZ) is held in Zagreb.

Page 154 October 1993

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, says he is opposed to a “blanket” approach to the crisis and especially to an international meeting which would link the Bosnian and Herzegovinan conflict with all the other problems dealt with by the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia.

• 18

The foreign currency market is opened. The exchange rate of the German Mark (DEM) falls almost immediately from the proposed 4444 Croatian Dinars (HRD) for a German Mark (DEM) down to 4220 HRD for a DEM.

• 20

The United States of America confirm their readiness to participate in a peace-keep-ing force for Bosnia and Herzegovina if a peace plan is accepted by the three parties to the conflict (the Muslims, Serbs and Croats).

• 21

In Zagreb, accepting the principles of the London Conference, as well as the solu-tions on the constitutional organization of the Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, pro-posed at the Peace Conference in Geneva, the President of the Croat Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, and the President of the Autonomous Province of Western Bos-nia, Fikret Abdić, signed a Common Statement with the aim of the cessation of all con-flicts in the area of the Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The United Nations (UN) Security Council votes the Resolution 877. The Council appoints Mr. Ramón Escovar-Salom, Attorney General of Venezuela, as Prosecutor of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991.

• 2

Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) begins to restrict the movement of the inhabitants from the village of Stupni Do, Bosnia and Herzegovina, dis-allowing the Mayor to travel through HVO territory to obtain supplies for the commu-nity. Villagers were warned by a Croat from Vareš, Bosnia and Herzegovina, to leave the village. They did not.

• 23

Stupni Do, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is attacked at 08:00 hours. 52 houses are burnt. Fourteen bodies were discovered, of whom 4 men and 3 women were identified, but the rest were burnt beyond recognition. 13 villagers are unaccounted for and pre-sumed dead, 9 were killed by machine gun, thus bringing the total number of victims to 36.

• 28

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26661, in which he states that the Council – after having heard an initial report concerning the massacre of

1993 November Page 155

the civilian population in the village of Stupni Do by troops of the Croatian Defence Council, accounts of an attack against United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) by armed persons bearing uniforms of the Bosnian Government forces and an attack on a humanitarian convoy in central Bosnia – unreservedly condemns these acts of violence, and requests the Secretary-General to submit a complete report on the responsibility for these acts.

November

• 2

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, publishes a Peace Initiative regarding the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs), according to the UN Security Council Resolution No. 871.

The Office of the President of the Republic of Croatia announces that, in accord-ance with the President’s Peace Iinitiative, talks between representatives of the Croatian authorities and the local Croatian Serbs are held, among others, also in Norway.

• 3

Serb negotiators leave the meeting with the Croatian delegation in Norway, which was supposed to result in a cease-fire in Croatia.

• 4

The Ceasefire Agreement in Sector East (the United Nations Protected Area – UNPA East of the Republic of Croatia) was signed between the Commander of the Croa-tian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) Osijek Operational Zone, Major General Đuro Dečak, and the Commander of the Serb Army of Krajina (Srpska Vojska Krajine – SVK) of the UNPA East, Lieutenant Colonel Bogdan Sladojević, in the presence of Brigadier General P. Peeters.

The proposal of the Law on Public Information Services did not pass, as the Parlia-ment of the Republic of Croatia, after a tense discussion, voted against it.

• 8

In Brussels, Belgium, the Foreign Ministers of the European Community (EC) state their willingness to resume the initiative over the crisis in former Yugoslavia both as regards humanitarian aid and the search for a settlement. The EC envisages a progressive lifting of the sanctions against Belgrade in this connection.

• 9

After heavy shelling by the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO), the Old Bridge (Stari Most) in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is destroyed.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26716, in which he states that the Council expresses its deep concern at the reported deterioration of the situ-ation in central Bosnia, where increased military activities are seriously threatening the

Page 156 November 1993

security of the civilian population, and at the overall humanitarian situation prevailing in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/26717, in which he states that the Council demands that the Bosnian Serb forces release immediately two per-sons taken hostage while on a peace mission under the protection of United Nations Pro-tection Force (UNPROFOR) and requests the Secretary-General to undertake a thorough investigation of the incident.

• 11

The House of Representatives of the Croatian Parliament holds a marathon session. The topic of the discussion is Croatian foreign policy.

• 12

By the command of the President of the Croat Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, Mr. Mate Boban, a new Commander of the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO) Lieutenant-General Ante Roso is appointed, instead of Major-General Slobodan Praljak.

In Sarajevo, the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Haris Silajdžić and the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Turkey, Hikmet Cetin, sign a Common Declaration on Immediate Ceasefire between the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) and the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO), and on the Re-establish-ment of Faith between the Croat and Muslim Nations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dr. Mate Granić is the first Croatian Minister to visit the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina after the start of animosities in April 1993.

• 18

In Geneva, a Common Declaration is signed by all three warring parties regarding the guarantees of free passage and security for humanitarian convoys and other activities of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to Bosnia and Herze-govina. The meeting was called by Sadako Ogate.

The Prime Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Nikica Valentić, states that the inflation in November 1992 will be only five percent.

• 20–22

A meeting of Croatian and Serbian intellectuals is held in the Zagreb museum “Mimara”. The main topic is the possibilities for peace and re-establishment of Croatian–Serbian relations.

• 24

The Agreement on Free Passage of Humanitarian Convoys is signed by the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) and the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO).

1993 December Page 157

• 25

A two day International Meeting on the Freedom of Press, under the auspices of the European Council, starts.

• 28

Fikret Abdić, the President of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia, sends a letter of protest to the Croatian Prime Minister Nikica Valentić, regarding the accusations that he is supplying the Serb Army.

• 29

The Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the European Union (EU) start a meeting in Geneva with the leaders of the sides in the conflict in the Republic of Bosnia and Herze-govina, presenting a new European Peace Initiative. Apart from the leaders of the three national communities in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr. Mate Boban, Alija Izetbegović and Dr. Radovan Karadžić, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman and the Serbian President Slobodan Milošević were also present at the meeting. The Agreement on Safety of the United Nations (UN) Humanitarian and Other Operations was signed by the three sides in the B-H conflict.

December

• 6

The state delegations of the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugo-slavia (FRY) meet at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) base in Geneva in order to agree upon the exchange of the last prisoners of war between the two countries.

• 7

Negotiations between representatives of the Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) Karlovac Operational Zone and representatives of the Croatian Serbs from Lika and Kordun, all in Croatia, were held in Turanj, Croatia.

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia decides that the elections to be held in United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) and the so-called “Pink Zones”, i.e. in the occupied areas of Croatia under Serb rule, on December 12, and December 19, 1993, are unconstitutional, and consequently their results will not be regarded as being obliga-tory, in any way whatsoever.

• 9

A meeting between representatives of the Republic of Croatia and representatives of the local Serbs from United Nations Protected Area (UNPA) Sector North is held in the presence of high-ranking United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) officials. Prob-lems in the region are discussed, as well as the placement of UNPROFOR observation posts at dominant points along the front line, and the problem of the “Finel” plant.

Page 158 December 1993

• 10

After the failure of the Geneva negotiations and the continuation of the Serb–Mus-lim negotiations, the Co-chairmen of the Conference on the former Yugoslavia, Lord David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg, proposed a new meeting between the representa-tives of Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs, Muslims and Croats in Thesalloniki, Greece, in the presence of the Croatian President, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević. This meeting, on an Greek initiative, was postponed after talks with Slobodan Milošević.

A convoy named “Bieli put za Novu Bilu i Bosnu Srebrenu” (‘The White Path for Nova Bila and Bosnia Srebrena [Argentine]’), is destined to bring humanitarian aid to Croatian enclaves in middle Bosnia.

• 14

The Vice-President of the Government and the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, sends a letter to the President of the Government of the Repub-lic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Haris Silajdžić and to the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) Commander, General Jean Cot, in which he pleads that they, in accordance with the Agreement from Geneva, and the Common Statement signed in Sarajevo, do everything so as to urgently allow the humanitarian convoys to pass towards Nova Bila and Maglaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Representatives of the Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) Karlovac Opera-tional Zone and the representatives of the Croatian Serbs from Lika and Kordun hold a meeting in Turanj, Croatia, in the presence of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) officers.

• 15

The negotiations of the warring parties in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina continue in Geneva.

The Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina decides that all units of the Croat Defence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO), which are still fighting together with the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH), will in the future be a constituent part of the Army of B–H, and, consequently, will not have an independent command.

• 16

The news of the massacre of 12 Croatian citizens, employees of the construction company Hidroelektra, who were working on a construction site in Algeria, by Islamic fundamentalists, is published in Croatia.

• 21

Croatian and Serbian delegations meet in Geneva. The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the Serbian President Slobodan Milošević achieve an agreement to propose to the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, a new division of the territory of the Republic of Bosnia

1993 December Page 159

and Herzegovina. The agreement would give 33.33 percent of the territory to the Bosni-ana and Herzegovinan Muslims, and 17.5 to the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Croats.

• 28

Talks between the representatives of the Croatian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV), Croatian Police and United Nations Protection Force Liaison Officers (UNPROFOR LOs) with the representatives of Serb para-military formations (the Serb Army of Krajina [Srpska Vojska Krajine – SVK]) from the occupied regions of Lika and Kordun, both in Croatia, take place in Turanj, Croatia, The talks are attended also by the representatives of the UNPROFOR Sector North Headquarters (HQ).

The House of Representatives and the House of Counties of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia started the so-called New Year Session.

• 31

The last day of the Belgian presidency of the European Community Monitor Mis-sion (ECMM).

Page 160 January 1994

1994

January

• 1

Greece takes over the presidency of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM). The seventh Head of Mission (HOM) of the ECMM is Ambassador Constan-tin Yerocostopoulos.

The President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, sends an open letter to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman.

• 4

The Vice-President of the Government and the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzego-vina, Haris Silajdžić, as special envoys of the Presidents Tuđman of Croatia and Izetbegović of the Presidium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, meet in Vienna (Wien), as to discuss the implementation of the Common Statement from Geneva, September 14, 1993.

The Croatian Muslim intelectuals send a letter to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, stating that it is the “last moment to stop fighting”.

• 7

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/PRST/1994/1, in which he states that the Council expresses its deep concern at the continuing widespread hostili-ties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, deplores the failure of the parties to honour the agree-ments they have already signed, condemns the flagrant violations of international humanitarian law, and condemns any hostilities in the United Nations-designated safe areas, in particular the continuing military pressure on and the relentless bombardment of Sarajevo by Bosnian Serb forces.

• 18

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, meets the Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević, in a new round of negotiations on the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Geneva.

• 19

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, and the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dr. Dobrica Ćosić, sign a Joint Declaration on nor-malisation of the mutual relations between Croatia and Yugoslavia, the first step of which will be the opening of the Office of the Republic of Croatia in Belgrade and the Office of

1994 February Page 161

the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Zagreb, which are to start operating on February 15, 1994.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, and Foreign Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Vladislav Jovanović, sign the Joint Statement on Normalization of Relations between Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), in Geneva.

The representatives of Bosnian and Herzegovinan Croats and Bosnian and Herze-govinan Serbs signed a Joint Declaration on Establishment of a Permanent Peace Agree-ment.

• 27

The Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, and the Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Željko Simić, meet in Geneva in order to talk about humanitarian issues and normaliza-tion of relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). The meeting concluded with a Joint Statement which announced that the FRY Deputy Prime Minister will visit Zagreb on February 12, 1994.

February

• 3

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/PRST/1994/6, in which he states that the Council demands that the Republic of Croatia withdraw all elements of the Croatian Army along with military equipment and fully respect the territorial integ-rity of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and expresses readiness to consider other serious measures if the Republic of Croatia fails to put an immediate end to all forms of interference in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 12

The delegation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), headed by the Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugo-slavia, Željko Simić, arrives in Zagreb for a one-day visit.The Vice-President of the Gov-ernment (Deputy Prime Minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, and the Advisor to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Hrvoje Šarinić, were representing the Croatian side, while the Vice-President of the Gov-ernment (Deputy Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Željko Simić, and the Federal Minister of Health, Work and Social Policy of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Velibor Popović, were representing the Yugoslav side. After talks between the delegations of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, a press conference is heldon which Dr. Mate Granić stated: “We discussed three important issues: the opening of the Office of the Republic of Croatia in Belgrade and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’s Bureau in Zagreb, as well as the joint commission for missing persons, refugees and humanitarian questions.”

Page 162 March 1994

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, accepted in an audi-ence the coordinators of the project “Humanitarni putovi mira i ljubavi za pomoć Bosni i Hercegovini” (‘Humanitarian Paths of Peace and Love for the Help to Bosnia and Herze-govina’), and stressed that Croatia and the Croat population of Herzeg-Bosnia will sup-port all humatinarian actions aimed to the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 15

The Office of the Republic of Croatia in Belgrade and the Office of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Zagreb start operating according to the Joint Declaration of the Croatian and Yugoslav President signed on January 19, 1994.

• 23

The Commander of the Croat Derence Council (Hrvatsko Vieće Obrane – HVO), General Ante Roso, and the Commander of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH), General Rasim Delić, signed in Zagreb the Cease-fire Agreement.

March

• 4

The United Nations (UN) Security Council votes the Resolution 900. The Council requests the Secretary-General to appoint a senior civilian official, who will act under the authority of his Special Representative for the former Yugoslavia, to draw up an overall assessment and plan of action for the restoration of essential public services in the various opstinas of Sarajevo, other than the city of Pale; requests the Secretary-General to present a report on the feasibility and modalities for the application of the protection, defined in resolutions 824 (of May 6, 1993) and 836 (of June 4, 1993), to Maglaj, Mostar and Vitez (all in Bosnia and Herzegovina).

• 14

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/PRST/1994/10, in which he states that the Council most strongly condemns the flagrant violation by the authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) of the relevant Security Council resolutions prohibiting the shipment of commodities and products to that Republic.

The UN Security Council President issues his Statement S/PRST/1994/11, in which he states that the Council condemns the indiscriminate shelling of the civilian pop-ulation of Maglaj by the Bosnian Serb party and demands that the siege of that city be ended immediately; and also demands that the Bosnian Serb party and the Bosnian Croat party allow passage of all humanitarian convoys.

• 18

The President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, the Foreign Min-ister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Haris Silajdžić and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Krešimir Zubak, sign the so-called “Washington

1994 March Page 163

Agreement”, by which the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is formed, and the pos-sibility of forming a Confederation between the mentioned Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia is opened.

• 22

In the Embassy of the Russian Federation in Zagreb the talks between the delega-tion of the Republic of Croatia and the representatives of the Serbs from the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) of Croatia start. The meeting is chaired by the repre-sentatives of the International Conference on the former Yugoslavia, Kai Aider, represent-ing the United Nations (UN), and Ambassador Geert Ahrens, representing the European Union (EU). The meeting was also attended by the Ambassador of the United States of America to the Republic of Croatia, Peter W. Galbraith, and the Special envoy of the Rus-sian President Boris Jeltsin, Vitali Churkin. After thirteen hours the negotiations were interrupted.

• 25

The Head of the Office of the Republic of Croatia in the Federal Republic of Yugo-slavia (FRY), Zvonimir Marković, hands over a letter to the Deputy Foreign Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Radoslav Bulajić. The letter states that the Croatian Government is appointing Zvonimir Marković as the Head of its Office in Belgrade.

• 29

The cease-fire negotiations between delegations of the Republic of Croatia and rep-resentatives of the Croatian Serbs from the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) are continued in the Russian Embassy in Zagreb. After 18 hours of negotiations, the Ceasefire Agreement, coming into effect as of 09:00 hours on April 4, 1994, is signed by Hrvoje Šarinić on behalf of the Croatian side, and Dušan Rakić on behalf of the Serb side. On behalf of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), the agreement is signed by Geert Ahrens.

The Ambassador of the Republic of Croatia in Geneva, Dr. Miomir Žužul, meets with the Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Željko Simić, in the Palace of the United Nations. The meeting is held at the request of Yugoslav representatives. Željko Simić discloses on that occasion to Dr. Žužul the readiness of the Yugoslav side for continuation of further nor-malization of relations, and expresses a desire to meet again with the Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) and Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić.

• 30

The Constitutional Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina accepted the Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, by which a Federation of Bosnia and Herze-govina is established on the area of majority Bosniac-Muslim and Croat population.

Page 164 April 1994

April

• 4

In Belgrade, the Head of the Government Office of the Republic of Croatia in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Zvonimir Marković, presents a letter of accredita-tion from the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the President of the Government (Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Radoje Kontić.

• 5

The Deputy Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Ivo Sanader, receives the Head of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’s Bureau in the Republic of Croatia, Veljko Knežević, who gives him copies of an introductory letter on that occasion.

• 6

The President of the Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, talks with the Presi-dent of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina, Milan Martić, and the mandatary for the new Government of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina, Borislav Mikelić.

• 11

The Ambassador of the United States of America (USA) to the Republic of Croatia, Peter W. Galbraith, wisits Knin, Croatia, where he meets representatives of the local Serbs for purposes of an agreement on the continuation of negotiations. After the visit, he states that the Serbs are not ready to come to Zagreb since “they do not agree with the place where the negotiations are to be held.”

• 12

The Head of Croatian delegation for negotiations with of local Serb authorities, Hrvoje Šarinić, informs the public on non-arrival of the Serb delegation to the anticipated meeting in Zagreb, which had been scheduled in principle for March 29, 1994, on the occasion of the signing the Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities, and should have been devoted to normalization of the economic situation.

The Serb Patriarch Pavle and the Synod of the Serb Orthodox Church received the Head of the Office of the Republic of Croatia in Belgrade, Zvonimir Marković, in an offi-cial visit.

• 15

The President of the Government (Prime Minister) of the Republic of Croatia, Nikica Valentić, receives the Head of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’s Bureau in Zagreb, Veljko Knežević, who deliveres an introductory letter from the President of the Government (Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Radoje Kontić.

1994 May Page 165

• 19

After the talks with Ambassador Geert Ahrens, the representative of the Interna-tional Conference on Former Yugoslavia, the member of the Croatian delegation for negotiations with the local Serb authorities from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia, Slavko Degoricija, states that Serbs attempted to avoid the obligation to con-tinue negotiations on normalization of relations between Croatians and Serbs in Croatia.

• 20

The President of the Government (Prime Minister) of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina (s-p RSK), Borislav Mikelić, presents at the session of the Parliament of the s-p RSK a proposal for the programme of the new Government of the s-p RSK. The main points are: the restoration of conditions for normal life, and the reintegration into the Republic of Croatia.

• 22

The United Nations (UN) Security Council brings its Resolution 913. The resolu-tion is about the situation in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, specifically in the enclave of Goražde.

• 27

The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Vladislav Jovanović, receives the Head of the Office of the Republic of Croatia in Bel-grade, Zvonimir Marković, and the Office Advisors, Dušan Bilandžić and Davor Vidiš.

May

• 6

The Ambassador of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations in Geneva, Dr. Miomir Žužul, talkes to the Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Željko Simić. The subject is the continua-tion of the discussion about the normalization of relations between the two countries, which started during the first official visit of the Yugoslav representative, Željko Simić, to Zagreb.

• 7–11

A meeting between Croat and Muslim representatives from the Republic of Bostia and Herzegovina is held in Vienna.

• 8

On the meeting between Croat and Muslim representatives from the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina the so-called “Vienna Agreement”, which is covering the issues of the functioning of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is signed by Dr. Haris Silajdžić and Krešimir Zubak.

Page 166 June 1994

• 18

The Commander of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) for the region of former Yugoslavia, Bertrand de la Presle, a member of the Central Commission for the Implementation of Zagreb Agreement, Miroslav Šeparović, a member of the Croa-tian Army (Hrvatska Vojska – HV) Headquarters, Zlatko Cišper, and General Mile Novaković of the Serb side discuss the implementation of Zagreb Agreement in the Karlo-vac settlement of Turanj, Croatia.

• 19

The Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, receives the Head of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’s Bureau in Zagreb, Veljko Knežević. They talk about the situation in the areas under protection of the United Nations in the in the Republic of Croatia and about the fulfillement of the obligations taken by signing the Zagreb Agree-ment of March 29, 1994, as well as the need to continue negotiations between the Croa-tian Government and the Serbs from United Nations Protecter Areas (UNPAs) as soon as possible.

• 25

In Talloires, France, start the peace negotiations on Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Croat delegation is lead by Krešimir Zubak, the Muslim one by Haris Silajdžić. The dele-gation of the Croat–Bosniac-Muslim Federation holds talks with the representatives of the so-called Contact Group, and with the representatives of Bosnian Serbs, lead by Momčilo Krajišnik.

June

• 7

Members of the Central Commission for the Implementation of Zagreb Agreement hold a meeting in Turanj, Croatia, in the presence of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), represented by Major General John McInnis. The Croatian side is repre-sented by Miroslav Šeparović, and the Serb side by Colonel B. Poznanović.

• 14

The delegation of the Republic of Croatia, headed by the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, is on an official visit to Sarajevo. In addition to the Presi-dent Tuđman in the Croatian delegation are also the Vice-Presidents of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić and Borislav Škegro, the Croatian Defense Minister, Gojko Šušak, the Mayor of Zagreb, Branko Mikša, the Head of the Presidential Office for National Security, Hrvoje Šarinić, the President’s Councellor for Internal Poli-tics, Ivić Pašalić, as well as Jakov Bienenfeld, Slobodan Lang, Anđelko Vuletić, Stjepan Čuić and Ivo Jelić. On the side of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the President of the Presidium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, the President of the Government (Prime Minister) Haris Silajdžić, the President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Krešimir Zubak, the Vice-President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ejup

1994 July Page 167

Ganić, and the Vice-President of the Government, Edib Bukvić, were participating the talks.

On the occasion of his official visit, the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, opened the Embassy of the Republic of Croatia in the capital of the Fed-eration of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo.

The Head of the Office of the Republic of Croatia in Belgrade, Zvonimir Marković, gave to the Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Željko Simić, a letter from the Vice-President of the Gov-ernment (Deputy Prime Minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cro-atia, Dr. Mate Granić. In the letter, the stances of the Republic of Croatia about the means of normalisation of the relations between Croatians and Serbs were enumerated.

• 16

Talks between the Croatian delegation and representatives of the Serbs from the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs), which were supposed to start at Plitvice on economic issues, are delayed until further notice because the representatives of the Serbs refused to attend the meeting as it was previously arranged.

• 28

The Vice-President of the Government (Deputy Prime Minister) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Željko Simić, talks in Belgrade with the Head of the Gov-ernment Office of the Republic of Croatia in the Federal Repubic of Yugoslavia, Zvonimir Marković.

• 30

The President of the Republic of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, accepts in an audience the Head of the Government Office of the Republic of Croatia in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Zvonimir Marković, at his request. In the two-hour discussion on nor-malization of relations between Croatians and Serbs many subjects were discussed and a warning was given that it was high time to come out with a certain policy before their own people, a policy less burdened by uncertainties.

The last day of the Greek presidency of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM).

July

• 1

Germany takes over the presidency of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM). The eighth Head of Mission (HOM) of the ECMM is Ambassador Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel.

• 14

The European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) cultural heritage task force, in co-operation with the Council of Europe, completes its fact finding mission to Mostar,

Page 168 August 1994

Bosnia and Herzegovina, to Central Bosnia and to the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) South and North, Croatia.

August

• 26

The President of the Presidium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, asks the Head of the Eutopean Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), Ambassador Dr. Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel, to convey to the Bihać refugees his personal message that he guarantees safety and security for all refugees returning to the Bihać area, as well as that the amnesty for civilians and military persons will be prolonged indefinitely as of today. In addition to carrying-out Izetbegović’s request, the ECMM Head of Mission (HOM), Ambassador Dr. Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel, asks the authorities in Knin, Croatia, to prevent any further transport of refugees towards the confrontation line in the United Nations Protected Area (UNPA) North, Croatia.

During his visit to Zagreb, the German Foreign Minister and the President of the Council of Ministers of the European Union (EU), Klaus Kinkel, visits the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) Headquarters. The in-depth discussion focusses on the present situation in former Yugoslavia and how to maintain an EU momentum in the confidence-building and peace-seeking process.

• 27

The Head of the Eutopean Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), Ambassador Dr. Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel, holds talks with Fikret Abdić and the Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina, Borislav Mikelić, in Topusko, Croatia, in which the Ambassador von Stülpnagel stresses the importance and the necessity of an immediate return of the Bihać refugees. However, the discussion did not result in any understanding. It turned out that Fikret Abdić and Borislav Mikelić would prefer a long-term political solution and want, for the time being, to rely on international humanitarian support for the refugees.

• 30

Joint efforts undertaken by the Head of the European Community Monitor Mis-sion (ECMM), Ambassador Dr. Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel, the Ambassador of the United States of America (USA) to the Republic of Croatia, Peter W. Galbraith, and the Head of Civil Affairs of the United Nations Protection Forces (UNPROFOR), Sergio de Mello, result in a Presidential declaration, in which the President of the Presidium of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, approves of establishing a centre for the accommodation of refugees from Velika Kladuša and excluding the returning refu-gees from their conscription duty on a temporary basis.

1994 September Page 169

September

• 9

The Pope John Paul II was intending to visit Sarajevo, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but due to the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs, which did not give him the guarantees of safe passage, he had to cancel his visit.

• 10–11

The Pope John Paul II is officially visiting Zagreb, the Republic of Croatia.

• 14

After a two-day meeting between the delegations of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Joint Statement concerning some issues of mutual functioning and operation between these two Republics is issued.

November

• 10

One Serb “Orao” (Eagle) aircraft attacks Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 11

Around 10:00 hours the passage through the United Nations Protected Area (UNPA) West was denied to the Head of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), Ambassador Dr. Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel, by the authorities of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina at the Novska crossing, Croatia. This is considered to be a serious infringement of the basic principle of freedom of movement for the ECMM as – last – explicitly laid down in article 5 of the so-called Zagreb Cease-fire Agreement (dated March 29, 1994).

• 18

Two Serb “Orao” (Eagle) aircraft attack targets within the Bihać safe area in Bosnia and Herzegovina with cluster bombs and napalm.

• 19

The Parliament of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina gathers in Vukovar, Croatia, to celebrate the third anniversary of the “liberation of the city of the future” (as cited from the Belgrade newspaper “Večernje Novosti” – ‘Evening News’). The session of the Parliament is held behind closed doors. One of the conclusions of the Parliament was that the Minister of Interior of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina (s-p RSK), Ilija Prijić, was replaced by Nebojša Pavković, who used to be the Head of Public Security of the s-p RSK. Other conclusions of the Vukovar session are not publicly known.

Two Serb aircraft hit civilian targets in Cazin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, with at least four bombs. Nine people are killed in this attack.

Page 170 December 1994

The United Nations (UN) Security Council adopts the Resolution 958, authorizing North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) aircraft to attack “the territory of Croatia”, i.e. the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia (with the consent of the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tuđman), as support to United Nations (UN) forces in the Bihać safe area in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 21

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces attack the airfield of Udbina, Croatia, which was used by the Serb forces from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia to attack the area of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The NATO attack on the Udbina airfield and the Anti-Aircraft positions is the biggest air operation in Europe since World War II. At 12:15 hrs, around 50 combat aircraft, electronic reconnaissance aircraft, airborne supply tankers and rescue helicopters took off from five NATO bases in Italy (Aviano, Istriana, Gioia del Cole, Trapani, Pisa) and from the British aircraft carrier “Invincible”. The combat aircraft were American (F-15E, F-16C, F/A-18D), French (Mirage 200 NK2, Jaguar), Dutch (F-16A) and British (Jaguar and See Harrier). They are above Udbina at 12:30, and the operation is completed around 13:30.

The Head of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), Ambassador Dr. Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel, calls on Serbs to immediately stop their attacks and respect the international borders. European Community (EC) monitors are ordered to withdraw from their locations in the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina and in the Bihać pocket, Bosnia and Herzegovina, for security reasons.

• 29

The Defence Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Gojko Šušak, and the United States of America (USA) Defence Secretary, William Perry, sign the Memorandum of Cooperation on Defence and Military Relations, in Washington.

December

• 1

Local Serb authorities in Knin, Croatia, ratify the Agreement on Economic Rela-tions with Croatia, concerning issues of water and electricity supply, the oil pipe-line and the use of the Zagreb / Belgrade highway.

• 2

On behalf of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) the Head of ECMM, Ambassador Dr. Paul Joachim von Stülpnagel, signs the Agreement on Eco-nomic Relations with Croatia, within the scope of which the monitoring of the Zagreb / Belgrade highway will become a joint ECMM / United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) task.

1994 December Page 171

• 21

The first civilian traffic is passing on the highway through the United Nations Pro-tected Area (UNPA) West, the so-called Okučani pocket, Croatia. After delays the high-way is opened around 14:30 hours.

• 23

The international traffic, which was starting to pass on the Zagreb / Belgrade high-way through the international border crossing between the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, near the village of Lipovac, Croatia, since the opening of the highway on December 21, 1994, is stopped by the FRY officials, without giving any reason, around 16:00.

• 31

The last day of the German presidency of the European Community Monitor Mis-sion (ECMM).

Page 172 January 1995

1995

January

• 1

France takes over the presidency of the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM). The ninth Head of Mission (HOM) of the ECMM is Ambassador Albert Turot.

• 17–19

The Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević, and the Foreign Minister of the Rus-sian Federation, Andrei Kozirev, hold talks in Belgrade.

February

• 22

The Croatian President’s Chief of Staff, Hrvoje Šarinić, received a farewell visit from General Bertrand de Lapresle, the Commander of the United Nations Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia. As of March 1, 1995, he will be succeeded by the French General Bernard Janvier.

• 23

The meeting of the members of the Holly Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church with the representatives of political and military authorities of the self-proclaimed Repub-lic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs and the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina takes place in Bjeljina. After the meeting it is stated that it is an old practice from the his-tory of the Serbs to consult, question, and finally use the services of the Church in order to integrate the people and the politics.

The Foreign Minister of the Republic of Italy, Sussane Angelli, expresses “concern for the situation in the current relations” between Italy and Croatia.

According to a phone poll in Serbia, to the question as to what the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia would have to do should there be a war between “Zagreb and Knin” (i.e. the Republic of Croatia and the Serbs from the occupied territories of the Republic of Croa-tia), 28.4% answered that “Belgrade” (i.e. the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) should sup-port the Serbs.

• 24

In Okučani, Croatia, the session of the Parliament of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina finished its work. In a conclusion it is stated that the “occupied Serb terri-tories” (i.e. the territories under the present day direct jurisdiction of the Republic of Cro-atia, which Serbs claim as being “Serb territories occupied by the Croatians”) “in Western Slavonija will be considered, in further negotiations with the Republic of Croatia and the

1995 February Page 173

international community, as indivisible constituent parts of the” s-p “RSK”. Furthermore, “the potential negotiations with the Republic of Croatia could take place only in the case of cancellation of its demnd for the” United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) “withdrawal”.

The Foreign Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Vladislav Jovanović, renounced the possibility that a meeting between the Presidents of Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina would be held within a certain period.

The Serbian President, Slobodan Milošević, talks with the Special Envoy of the United Nations Secretary General, Yasushi Akashi, in Belgrade, about the announced ter-mination of the United Nations Protection Force mandate in Croatia.

In the late afternoon the Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs attacked from Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the defence lines in the hinterland of Dubrovnik, Croatia.

Dr. Hans Koschnik, the international Mayor of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, issued a statement regarding the “cancellation of the official opening of the bridge in Potoci”, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 25

The President of the self-proclaimed Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs (s-p RS), Dr. Radovan Karadžić, and the President of the Parliament of the s-p RS, Momčilo Krajišnik, visited Semberija and Bjeljina, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where Karadžić stated that the plan of the Contact group is miserable and catastrophal for Serbs, because it puts Serbs back into the Bosnian-Herzegovinan state, breaking their statehood, and even more importantly, gives the Moslems a chance to gain control over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• 27

The Vice-President of the Government and the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, gives a speech before the United Nations Commission for Human Rights in Geneva.

The Vice-President of the Government and the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Mate Granić, meets the Foreign Minister of the Swiss Confederation, Flavio Cotti, in Bern, Switzerland. They discuss about the situation in the occupied territories of the Republic of Croatia within the context of the termination of the mandate of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in Croatia, and the way in which Croa-tia intends to prevent the possible outbreak of further conflicts.

The Foreign Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Vladislav Jovanović, states in Belgrade that “Croatia should officially rescind its decision on termination of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) mandate” in Croatia.

• 28

The Turkish President, Suleyman Demirel, in a working visit to the Republic of Croatia, meets the Croatian President, Dr. Franjo Tuđman, to discuss the international situation and the situation in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Page 174 March 1995

After a visit of the Defence Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), Pavle Bulatović, to Moscow, where he talked with the Defense Minister of the Russian Federation, Pavel Grachov, an Agreement on Military Cooperation between Russia and FRY is signed. In the statement following the signing, the Russian Defence Minister, Pavel Grachov, stated that Russia is rather concerned because of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation’s (NATO’s) wish to expand to the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, and that due to this “Moscow will reconsider its standpoint towards that organisation”.

The committees of the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia hold a session on which it is concluded that the Plan Z-4 is unacceptable to the Republic of Croatia.

March

• 1

The President of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Nedjeljko Mihanović, received the Greek Ambassador to Croatia, Constantin Yerocostopoulos, in an introductory visit.

The Foreign Minister of the Republic of Italia, Susanne Agnelli, announced that Italy will veto the admission of the Republic of Slovenia into the Europaen Union at the meeting of the fifteen European Foreign Ministers, to be held soon.

The Minister in the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Head of the Office for Displaced Presrons and Refugees, Dr. Adalbert Rebić, talks with the representa-tive of the Oragnisation of American Jews “Joint”, Yachiel Bar-Haim, on the problems of around four hudred thousand refugees and displaced persons currently in Croatia.

General Bertrand de Lapresle, the Commander of the United Nations Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia, is succeeded by a new Commander, the French General Bernard Janvier.

• 2

The Episcopacy Council of the Serbian Orthodox Church holds its meeting in Bel-grade. It is pointed out that the episcopy urges representatives of the international com-munity to cancel inhuman sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) immediately, and the authorities of the FRY to cancel the blockade against their own peo-ple in the (self-proclaimed) Republic of (Bosnian and Herzegovinan) Serbs (RS).

• 3

On the highway Zagreb–Lipovac in 24 hours through the United Nations Protected Area (UNPA) West passed 1,401 cars, 587 trucks and 50 busses, and additional 183 cars and 89 trucks exiting from the UNPA. This is the biggest number of vehicles passing on this road in one day.

1995 March Page 175

• 8

The parliament of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina (s-p RSK) holds a session on which a vote of confidence is issued for the President of the Government (Prime Minister) of the s-p RSK, Borislav Mikelić.

Index of names Page 177

Index of names

A

Abdić, Fikret 21, 148, 154, 157, 168

Adanić, Stjepan 57

Agotić, Imra 57

Ahmović, Husein 141

Ahrens, Geert 118, 119, 140, 141, 142, 163, 165

Aider, Kai 163

Akashi, Yasushi, see Yasushi Akashi 173

Akmadžić, Mile 113, 118, 130, 132

Aksentijević, 51, 69

Alija Izetbegović 160

Angelli, Sussane 172

Aralica, Ivan 119

Arkan, see Ražnjatović, Željko - ArkanAskin, Mustafa 131

Avramović, Života 37

B

Babić, Milan 25, 31, 35, 74, 79

Badinter, Robert 51

Baenst, Jacques de, see de Baenst, JacquesBajramović, Sejdo 32, 33, 34

Baker, James 34, 35, 51

Bar-Haim, Yachiel 174

Bartholomew, Reginald 115, 124, 128

Belobrk, Vinko 25

Bienenfeld, Jakov 166

Bilandžić, Dušan 165

Biščević, Hidajet 131, 151, 152

Boban, Mate 85, 86, 107, 108, 113, 118, 120, 121, 125, 126, 128, 130, 132, 133, 134,

136, 141, 144, 145, 147, 149, 154, 156, 157

Bobetko, Janko 106

Bogićević, 33

Boras, Franjo 132

Bosanac, Vesna 69

Boyd, Shannon 123

Bratić, Mladen 63

Brovet, Stane 52

Broz, Josip - Tito 17

Bućin, Nenad 27

Bukvić, Edib 167

Page 178 Index of names

Bulajić, Radoslav 163

Bulatović, Momir 32, 54, 61, 62, 128, 145

Bulatović, Pavle 174

Bush, George 56, 64, 65, 67, 69, 101, 109

C

Carrington, Peter Alexander Rupert 49, 52, 54, 56, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 72, 79,

88

Cetin, Hikmet 151, 152, 156

Christopher, Warren 136

Churkin, Vitali 128, 131, 163

Cišper, Zlatko 166

Clinton, Bill 117, 126, 144, 146, 149

Coba, Renato 131

Cossiga, Francesco 78

Cotti, Flavio 173

Cot, Jean 139, 153, 158

Cuellar, Perez de, see de Cuellar, PerezCutiliero, Jose Pires 81

Cvijan, Stanko 32

Cvitan, Onesin 38

•

Čuić, Stjepan 166

Čuletić, Josip 59, 75

•

Ćosić, Dobrica 88, 100, 102, 109, 112, 128, 134, 138, 160

D

de Baenst, Jacques 139

de Cuellar, Perez 54, 66, 73

de la Presle, Bertrand, see Presle, Bertrand de lade Lapresle, Bertrand, see Presle, Bertrand de lade Mello, Sergio 168

De Michelis, Gianni 37, 63

DeConcini, Dennis 16

Dečak, Đuro 24, 155

Dedaković, Mile - Jastreb 70

Degoricija, Slavko 116, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 150, 165

Index of names Page 179

Delač, Vladimir 116

Delić, Rasim 162

Demirel, Suleyman 128, 173

Dole, Bob 18

Domazet, Davor 146

Domljan, Žarko 113

Drašković, Vuk 19, 134, 140, 141

Drnovšek, Janez 12, 33, 34, 107

Dumas, Roland 109, 112

Dž

Džakula, Veljko 116

•

Đapić, Anto 144, 146

Đodan, Šime 38

Đukanović, Milo 56

E

Ećimović, Dušan 116

Efendić, Hadžo 141

Eidi, Kai 142

Einaudi, Giulio 80

Erak, Milan 59, 75

Escovar-Salom, Ramón 154

Eychenne, Jean-Loup 76

G

Galbraith, Peter W. 163, 164, 168

Ganić, Ejup 166

Genscher, Hans Dietrich 46, 47, 64, 80

Gešovski, Saško 31

Ghali, Boutros Boutros 89, 91, 104, 109, 111, 115, 117, 130

Glavašević, Siniša 69

Gorbachev, Mikhail 60

Goulding, Marrack 78

Grachov, Pavel 174

Granić, Goran 132

Granić, Mate 93, 102, 122, 133, 141, 151, 152, 153, 156, 158, 160, 161, 163, 166, 167,

173

Page 180 Index of names

Gregurić, Franjo 40, 94

H

Habijanac, Antun 24

Hadžić, Goran 115

Halilović, Sefer 126, 130, 132, 134

Hornhues, Karl-Heinz 127, 128

I

Ilić, Ivan 79

Iliescu, Ion 131

Ionesco, Eugene 72

Izetbegović, Alija 21, 50, 54, 66, 81, 83, 86, 88, 91, 92, 94, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105, 107,

108, 109, 113, 115, 118, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 136,

137, 138, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 157, 158, 162, 166, 168

J

Janvier, Bernard 172, 174

Jarčević, Slobodan 115, 122, 142

Jastreb, see Dedaković, Mile - JastrebJelić, Ivo 166

Jeltsin, Boris 60, 163

John Paul II, see Pope John Paul IIJovanović, Vladislav 161, 165, 173

Jović, Borisav 17, 20, 23, 26, 27

Jović, Josip 27

Joxe, 112

Juppe, Alain 142

Jurjević 72

K

Kadijević, Veljko 20, 21, 38, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 61, 67, 69

Kajić, Žarko 48

Karadžić, Radovan 80, 85, 88, 107, 112, 128, 144, 145, 147, 151, 157

Kikaš, Anton 48, 69

Kinkel, Klaus 131, 168

Knežević, Veljko 164, 166

Koestal, Ed 69

Kohl, Helmut 53, 64, 67

Koljević, 80

Index of names Page 181

Kolšek, Konrad 37

Kontić, Radoje 164

Koschnik, Hans 173

Kosters, Johannes 57, 59

Kostić, Branko 32, 33, 42, 59, 65, 71

Kostić, Jugoslav 27

Kos, Zlatko 116

Košutić, Budimir 46

Kovač, Franjo 24

Kozirev, Andrei 172

Krajišnik, Momčilo 151, 166

Kraljević, Blaž 95

Kraljević, Vlatko 92

Kučan, Milan 16, 107

Kučeković, Vojislav 146

Kukanjac 85

Kulenović, Neven 106, 112, 119

Kulić, Mladen 116

L

la Presle, Bertrand de, see Presle, Bertrand de la

Lalumiere, Catherine 104

Lang, Slobodan 166

Lapov, Nikola 22

Lapresle, Bertrand de, see Presle, Bertrand de laLazić, Miro 113

Lederer, Gordan 44

Lerotić, Zvonimir 80, 116, 122, 146

Letica, Mara M. 98

Lilić, Zoran 138

Lisica, Franko 31

Lončar, Budimir 42, 67

Lovrić, Đorđe 116

M

MacKenzie, Lewis 92

Mahmutčehajić, Rusmir 132

Major, John 109

Malnar, Želimir 116

Manolić, Josip 36, 80, 119, 124, 125

Marković, Ante 11, 12, 14, 15, 22, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 42, 52, 66

Marković, Zvonimir 163, 164, 165, 167

Martić, Milan 22, 25, 27, 28, 46, 50, 164

Martić, Mile, see Martić, Milan

Page 182 Index of names

Matta, Marco 76

McInnis, John 166

Menem, Carlos Saul 93

Mesić, Stipe 26, 32, 33, 34, 37, 42, 43, 50, 51, 52, 57, 66, 113, 122, 136

Mihanović, Nedjeljko 174

Mikelić, Borislav 164, 165, 168, 175

Mikša, Branko 166

Milas, Ivan 88

Milošević, Slobodan 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 38, 43, 45, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 61,

67, 77, 83, 87, 109, 112, 128, 136, 138, 145, 149, 151, 157, 158, 160, 164, 167, 172, 173

Mitchell, George 18

Mitsotakis, Constantin 128, 140

Mitterrand, François 53, 89, 113

Mladić, Ratko 106

Mock, Alois 57, 78, 151

Morić, Joško 146

Morillon, Phillipe 107, 130, 134

Mudrinić, Ivica 142

N

Nambiar, Satish 80, 81

Natale, Silvano 76

Negovanović, 85

Nick, Stanko 112

Nobilo, Mario 116, 133

Novaković, Mile 166

O

Ogate, Sadako 156

Okun, Herbert 118, 119

Omerbašić,Šefko 133

Owen, David 96, 97, 100, 102, 105, 108, 111, 114, 115, 116, 122, 126, 128, 130, 132,

134, 137, 144, 147, 149, 151, 152, 158

Ö

Özal, Turgut 117

P

Panić, Milan 91, 93, 94, 110

Paraga, Dobroslav 69

Index of names Page 183

Paspalj, Milan 79, 115

Pašalić, Ivić 166

Patriarch Pavle 164

Pavković, Nebojša 169

Pavletić, Vlatko 52

Peeters, P. 155

Pellnas, Bo 143

Penić, Stjepan 43

Perry, William 170

Peterle, Lojze 119

Petersen, Niels Helveg 126, 132

Petković, Milivoj 126, 130, 132

Pleština, Milivoj 146

Poos, 37

Pope John Paul II 49, 64, 72, 169

Popović, Velibor 161

Powell, Colin 127

Poznanović, B. 166

Praljak, Slobodan 156

Presle, Bertrand de la 166, 172, 174

Prijić, Ilija 169

Prlić, Jadranko 132, 153

Prtenjača, Šime 120

R

Radaković, Milan 116

Radić, Jure 135, 142

Rakić, Dušan 163

Ramacci, Fiorenzo 76

Rašeta, Andrija 57, 65, 76, 85

Rašković, Jovan 18

Ražnjatović, Željko - Arkan 35, 45, 46

Rebić, Adalbert 141, 174

Roso, Ante 156, 162

S

Salguiero, Hose 76

Sanader, Ivo 126, 127, 128, 164

Sančević, Zdravko 99, 108, 141, 151, 152

Scotland, Egon 41

Silajdžić, Haris 118, 132, 151, 152, 153, 156, 158, 160, 162, 165, 166

Simić, Željko 161, 163, 165, 167

Skov, Erik 111

Sladojević, Bogdan 155

Page 184 Index of names

Smmaruga, Cornelius 93

Somun, Hajrudin 152

Sorić, Zdravko 116

Soylemez, Yuksel 130, 151, 152

Stamenković, Aranđelo 57

Stipetić, Petar 146

Stojić, Bruno 134

Stolnik, Andrija 59, 75

Stoltenberg, Thorvald 130, 132, 142, 144, 145, 147, 149, 151, 152, 158

Strugar, 62

Stülpnagel, Paul Joachim von 2, 5, 167, 168, 169, 170

Š

Šabarić, Vladimir 24

Šarinić, Hrvoje 95, 97, 104, 105, 112, 161, 163, 164, 166

Šeks, Vladimir 122, 131

Šeparović, Miroslav 166

Šeparović, Zvonimir 65, 69

Šešelj, Vojislav 28, 87

Šimonović, Ivo 141

Škegro, Borislav 122, 166

Škrabalo, Zdenko 88, 108, 127, 130, 131

Špegelj, Martin 24, 29, 43

Šušak, Gojko 76, 114, 116, 166, 170

Šuvar, Stipe 11

T

Tanković,Šemso 136

Thornberry, Cederic 134

Tito, see Broz, Josip - TitoTomaš, Milivoj 146

Tuđman, Franjo 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 29, 33, 37, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 51, 52, 53, 54,

55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 78, 79, 81, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 99, 100, 102,

103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 113, 115, 118, 120, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133,

134, 136, 138, 142, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 162, 166, 167,

170, 173

Tufan 151

Tupurkovski, Vasil 33

Turajlić, Hakija 112

Turković, Bisera 113, 120, 122, 132, 135, 141, 151

Turot, Albert 3, 172

Tus, Anton 106

Index of names Page 185

U

Uzelac, 71

V

Valentić, Nikica 120, 122, 124, 128, 135, 153, 156, 157

Van den Broek, Peter 37, 56, 58

Van Der Valk, Jan 39, 55

Van Heehan 59, 75

Van Houten, Dirk Jan 55, 57

Vance, Cyrus 59, 64, 67, 71, 76, 80, 96, 97, 100, 102, 105, 108, 111, 114, 115, 116, 128

Varady, Tibor 102

Vasiljević, 59, 75

Venturini, Enzo 76

Vidiš, Davor 165

Vlaisavljević, Milan 116

Vllasi, Azem 11, 13

Volf, Ivan 116

Vollebaek, Knut 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 150

von Stülpnagel, Paul Joachim, see Stülpnagel, Paul Joachim vonVoroncov, Jurij 133

Vranitzky, Frantz 47

Vukojević, Vice 139

Vuletić, Anđelko 166

W

Wahlgren, 139

Weisel, Horst 78

Weizsacker, Richard 79

Wijnaendts 56

Wilson, John 79

Wojtyla, Karol, see Pope John Paul II

Y

Yasushi Akashi 173

Yeltsin, Boris 124, 140

Yerocostopoulos, Constantin 160, 174

Index of names Page 186

Z

Zimmerman, Warren 23

Zorić, Damir 119

Zubak, Krešimir 162, 165, 166

Zulić, Muhamed 58, 63

Ž

Žužul, Miomir 92, 146, 163, 165

Index of places Page 187

Index of places

A

Adriatic sea 65, 90, 91, 105, 135

Ahmići 124, 125

Aljmaš 38, 42

Athens 107, 128, 135

Avian 109, 170

Aviano, see Avian

B

Balinci 49

Batković 120

Belgrade 11, 12, 17, 23, 25, 26, 29, 35, 37, 38, 40, 45, 48, 59, 64, 66, 67, 73, 77, 80,

81, 84, 85, 89, 102, 119, 121, 138, 140, 141, 142, 153, 155, 160, 161, 162, 163,

164, 165, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174

Beli Manastir 44, 45, 46

Belišće 58, 66

Benkovac 22

Beograd, see BelgradeBerak 48

Bern 173

Bielo Brdo 45

Bihać 97, 98, 129, 132, 148, 168, 169, 170

Bijelo Brdo, see Bielo BrdoBilaj 54

Biokovo mountain 56

Birmingham 101

Bjelašnica mountain 146

Bjelovar 45, 55

Blinjski Kut 42

Bogdanovci 62

Bonn 46, 47, 49, 68

Borovo Naselje 38, 40, 42, 45, 47, 51, 58

Borovo Selo 28, 30, 31, 39, 40

Bosanska Gradiška 46

Bosanska Kostajnica 51

Bosanska Krupa 50

Bosanski Brod 81, 82, 101

Bosanski Šamac 83

Brač 129

Brdo kod Kranja 29, 101

Brđani 28

Brijuni 38, 40, 47, 104, 148

Brindisi 68

Page 188 Index of places

Brioni, see BrijuniBrussels 41, 47, 49, 62, 63, 77, 85, 92, 107, 127, 135, 146, 155

Bruxelles, see Brussels 85

Budačka Rieka 43

Budačka Rijeka, see Budačka RiekaBudapest 94, 102, 142

Budaševo 53

Bugojno 111

Busovača 118, 124, 125

Buščak 119, 124

Butrović Polje 125

C

Calafat 136

Cavtat 60, 101

Cazin 169

Cerić 63

Cetina river 72

Civljani 27

Copenhagen 138

•

Čakovec 52, 53

Čeminac 44

Četekovac 49

•

Ćelije 38

D

Dalj 28, 39, 42, 43, 44

Danube river 45, 105, 136, 153

Darda 46, 47

Daruvar 35, 40, 45, 46, 48, 49, 55, 65, 68, 116

Davos 24

Debeli Brieg 148, 149, 153

Debeli Brijeg, see Debeli BriegDelnice 64

Den Haag, see The HagueDergalj 39

Donji Lapac 33

Donji Prieslop 124

Dragutinci 39

Drežnica 130

Drniš 58, 70

Index of places Page 189

Dubac 62

Dubrovnik 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72, 87, 90, 92, 148, 149,

153, 173

Duga Resa 66

Dunav, see DanubeDvor na Uni 22, 37

•

Đakovo 45, 61, 68

E

Erdut 41, 42, 142

F

Frankfurt 49

G

Geneva 69, 70, 93, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 115, 118, 122, 123,

129, 136, 138, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 154, 156, 157, 158, 160,

161, 163, 165, 173, 197

Gioia del Cole 170

Gladovići 119

Glina 28, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 79

Glina river 48

Goransko Polje 125

Goražde 96, 97, 98, 129, 132, 165

Gornja Višnjevica 133

Gornji Prieslop 124

Gornji Vakuf 93, 100, 111

Gospić 48, 49, 50, 54, 125, 146, 150

Gračac 22, 150

Graz 66, 70, 80, 85

Grbe 52

Grubišno Polje 45, 46, 47, 63, 68

Gubaševo 132

Guimaraes 84

H

Hague, see The HagueHelsinki 81, 90, 91

Herceg Novi 148

Hrvatska Kostajnica 22, 28, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49, 51

Hum 73

Hvar 126

Index of places Page 190

I

Igalo 52, 54, 56

Igman mountain 143, 146

Ilok 38, 41, 59, 60

Islam Grčki 142

Istriana 170

J

Jablanica 119, 120, 130

Jadran, see AdriaticJajce 97, 98, 102, 103

Jasenaš 46

Jasenica 50, 51

Jasenovac 45

Jasikovac 24

Jaska, see JastrebarskoJastrebarsko 66, 150

Jukinac 41

K

Karachi 127

Karlobag 54

Karlovac 50, 51, 54, 58, 59, 62, 64, 66, 69, 72, 150, 157, 158, 166

Karlsruhe 123

Kašić 142

Kievo 27, 30, 32, 34, 46, 47, 48

Kijevo, see KievoKiseljak 118, 125

Klis 124

Knin 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 35, 50, 79, 111, 116, 122, 131, 145, 164, 168,

170, 172

Komarevo 42, 46, 53

Konavle 93

Konjic 119, 120, 125

Koprivnica 52, 55

Korčula island 55

Korođ 40

Kostajnički Majur 49

Kotor Varoš 102

Kozibrod 37, 39, 41

Kraljevčani 39

Kruševo 43, 47, 50, 51, 95

Kupari 62

Kupres 47

Kutina 146

Index of places Page 191

L

Labišnica 56

Laslovo 58

Lastovo island 87

Letter of warning to Serbia, Bush to Milošević 109

Lipik 72

Lisbon 105

Lišani 40

Lištica 31, 32

Ljubljana 13, 20, 132

London 44, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 104, 197

Lovinac 40, 44, 45, 46, 55

Lučko 52, 57, 150

Lukšije 124

Luxembourg 82, 135

M

Maglaj 158, 162

Majur 40

Makarska 52, 141

Manjača 64

Maslenica 49, 50, 68, 113, 116, 142, 144, 148

Maslenica borge, see Masleničko ŽdriloMaslenica bridge 116, 142, 144, 148

Masleničko Ždrilo 113

Mece 47

Medak 150

Medvednica mountain, see SljemeMeđugorje 130, 132, 149

Metković 95

Mirkovci 35, 40, 47

Mokošica 87

Moscow 58, 60, 174

Mostar 83, 130, 147, 148, 155, 162, 167

Mostar 'Old Bridge' 155

Mošćenica 59

Mrkoševica 124

München, see MunichMunich 49

N

Nadin 68, 69

Našice 45

Nemtin 46

Neretvica river 124

New York 94, 99, 103, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121

Index of places Page 192

Nice 70

Nin 52

Niš 64

Nova Bila 158

Nova Gradiška 47, 49, 52, 56, 58, 66, 73

Novi Čakovci 40

Novi Jankovci 55

Novi Pazar 19

Novi Sad 13

Novi Slankamen 41

Novi Travnik 93, 100

Novska 45, 47, 50, 52, 73, 169

Novsko Ždrilo 141

Nuštar 48, 57

O

Obrovac 22, 44, 49

Ogulin 53

Ohrid 40

Okučani 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 54, 126, 171

Old Bridge, see Mostar 'Old Bridge'Opara 100

Orahovica 45

Orašje 47

Orliste 119

Osatica 119

Osiek 25, 26, 28, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,

55, 56, 58, 61, 62, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 119

Osijek, see OsiekOštarije 59

Otočac 40, 41, 42, 49, 50, 52, 121, 122

Otočec ob Krki 34

P

Pakrac 25, 26, 35, 45, 46, 47, 50, 55, 56, 58, 62, 66

Pale 129, 162

Pelješac penninsula 56, 67

Peruča 72, 98, 114, 142

Peruča dam 116

Petrinja 24, 39, 45, 47, 48, 52, 53

Pisa 170

Plat 148, 149

Pleso 54, 72

Plitvice 27, 28, 37, 43, 48, 167

Plitvice lakes 22, 27

Ploče 51

Podgorica 87

Index of places Page 193

Podravska Slatina 49, 52

Podrute 76

Podum 44

Pokupsko 63

Polača 31

Popovača 150

Potkonje 30

Prague 37, 49

Prekopa 41

Prevlaka 100, 101, 102

Priedor 103

Prieslop Donji, see Donji PrieslopPrieslop Gornji, see Gornji PrieslopPrijedor, see PriedorPrijeslop, see PrieslopPrishtina 12, 18, 19

Prishtinë, see PrishtinaPriština, see PrishtinaProzor 106, 111

Psunj mountain 52

Pula 60, 65

R

Radešine 125, 127

Ravno 59

Rieka 59, 62, 63, 65, 69, 82

Rijeka, see RiekaRoma, see RomeRome 64

S

Saborsko 44

Samobor 150

Sarajevo 73, 76, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 103, 106, 107, 108,

129, 132, 133, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 151, 156, 158, 160, 162, 166, 167,

169

Sarajevo airport 151

Sarvaš 40, 44, 46

Sava river 43, 47, 50, 83, 101

Sečovje 132

Senj 40

Serb Sarajevo 100

Sinj 47

Sirać 40

Sisak 28, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63, 66, 68, 71, 72, 73, 138

Skela 48

Skopje 104, 141

Index of places Page 194

Skoplje, see SkopjeSkradin 51

Slavonska Požega 45, 66, 73

Slavonski Brod 25, 52, 92, 101

SlavonskiŠamac 83

Sljeme 52, 56

Slunj 46, 65, 66, 67, 68

Smiljani 54

Smoković 142

Solakova Kula 124

Split 31, 44, 58, 66, 74, 76, 89

Srđ mountain 56

Srebrenica 122, 124, 125, 126, 129, 132

Srebrno 72

Srpsko Sarajevo, see Serb SarajevoStara Gradiška 46

Stari Jankovci 40, 55

Stari Most, see Mostar 'Old Bridge'Stockholm 108

Strasbourg 88

Struga 41

Stupni Do 154, 155

Sultići 125

Sunja 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 62

Sveti Rok 150

s'Gravenhage, see Den Haag

Š

Šašina Greda 53

Šibenik 31, 43, 45, 47, 48, 51, 53, 55, 58, 69, 137

Škabrnja 68, 69, 70

Šolta 44

T

Talloires 166

Tenja 28, 39, 42, 45, 46

The Hague 39, 49, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 72

Thesalloniki 158

Titograd 13

see also Podgorica 87

Titova Korenica 22, 27

Tokyo 141

Topusko 39, 44, 51, 131, 133, 168

Tordinci 55, 62

Tovarnik 45, 66

Trapani 170

Travnik 102, 111, 134, 135

Index of places Page 195

Trebinje 148, 153, 173

Trebišnjica river 148, 149

Trepča 11

Trusina 125

Tržić 46

Turanj 157, 158, 159, 166

Turija 125

Tuzla 129, 132

U

Udbina 170

Udbina airfield 170

Una river 50

V

Varaždin 52, 53, 64, 76

Vareš 154

Vatican 72

Velebit mountain 150

Velika Glava 48

Velika Gorica 54

Velika Kladuša 168

Viduševac 41

Vienna 67, 69, 136, 143, 145, 160, 165

Villæ Magnæ 80

Vinkovci 26, 28, 40, 41, 44, 46, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 62, 66, 68, 69, 74

Virovitica 24, 25, 29, 33, 45, 71

Vis island 87

Visoko 118, 125

Vitez 119, 124, 125, 162

Voćin 68, 73

Vojnić 22, 23

Vratna Gora 124

Vrce 124, 133

Vrlika 47

Vrpolje 28, 30

Vukovar 24, 26, 28, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58,

59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 83, 169

W

Washington 109, 126, 132, 135, 139, 149, 162, 170

Wien, see Vienna

Z

Zabrdje 125

Index of places Page 196

Zadar 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57, 58, 63, 69, 70, 73, 118, 152

Zagreb 17, 25, 26, 29, 31, 34, 37, 39, 40, 48, 51, 52, 57, 58, 66, 69, 70, 71, 72, 77, 78,

79, 80, 81, 92, 93, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 108, 111, 112, 116, 117,

119, 123, 124, 126, 131, 132, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141, 145, 150, 151, 152, 153,

154, 156, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172

Zagreb/Belgrade highway 170, 171

Zaslivlje 125

Zemunik 116, 141, 142

Zemunik airport 116, 141, 142

Zenica 93, 111, 118, 119, 124, 125, 126

Zvečevo 53

Ž

Žepa 132

Županja 45, 47, 63, 66, 92

Index of documents Page 197

Index of documents

A

Addenda

Addendum 1 to the Common Statement on Cooperation 126

Addendum to the Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina 99, 100

Addendum to the Agreement on Country Organization 118

Agreements

Agreement between Serbs from UNPA West and Western Slavonian Municipal-ities' Prefects 116

Agreement in 8 points 100

Agreement in Ten Points 143, 144

Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina 92

Agreement on a Global Solution of the Yugoslav Crisis 60

Agreement on Aid in Urgent Consular Services 91

Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities 164

Agreement on Economic Cooperation between the Republic of Croatia and the Russian Federation 104

Agreement on Economic Relations with Croatia 170

Agreement on Enacting of the UN SC Resolution 802 123

Agreement on Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina 92

Agreement on Exchange of Prisoners 64

Agreement on Exchange of Prisoners of War 94

Agreement on Exchange of Prisoners of War between Croatia and FRY 93

Agreement on Finalizing the Exchange of Prisoners of War and on Quickening of the Search for Missing People 102

Agreement on Free Passage of Humanitarian Convoys 156

Agreement on freedom of movement for UNPROFOR and for supply of ABiH and HVO 131

Agreement on JNA Departure from Karlovac 59

Agreement on Military Cooperation between Russia and FRY 174

Agreement on Safety of the UN Humanitarian and Other Operations 157

Agreement on the Departure of JNA from Istria 60

Agreement on the Departure of the JNA Troops from Zadar 58

Agreement on the Enforcement of the UN SC Resolution 802 122, 123, 126, 138

Agreement on the Establishment of Peace 132

Agreement on the future of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 81

Agreement on the Principle of the Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina 136, 137,

138

Agreement on the Prolongation of the ECMM in Yugoslavia 59

Agreement on the Realisation of the UN SC Resolution 802 122

Agreement on the temporary status of Sarajevo 147

Page 198 Index of documents

Agreement on the Withdrawal of JNA Troops from Zagreb 69

Agreement on the Withdrawal of the JNA from Rieka 65

Agreement on UNPROFOR supervision of heavy weapons in Bosnia and Her-zegovina 91

Agreement on Withdrawal of the Yugoslav Army from Konavle 93

Agreement to the Mission of Good Will 129

Announcements

Announcement (annex) regarding the Agreement on the Realisation of the UN SC Resolution 802 123

Announcement of the 3rd "Yu-Summit" 29

Announcement of the Federal Secretariat for People's Defense of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia 23

Announcement of the Government of the s-p SAR Krajina 24

Answers

Answer of the Croatian delegation to the proposal of the Knin authorities 145

Appeals

Appeal for help from Vukovar 58

Appeal for the protection of Croatian heritage 52

Appeal for the respect of the ceasefire in Croatia 49

Appeal of the Foreign Ministry of Croatia 67

Appeal of the French intellectuals 72

Appeal of the Nobel prize winners 66

Appeal to the Presidium and the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 140

Appeals for immediate help from Dubrovnik 59

B

Birmingham Declaration 101

Brijuni Declaration 38

C

Ceasefire Agreements

Ceasefire Agreement 48, 52, 60, 69, 130

Ceasefire Agreement between Muslim and Croat Forces in Bosnia and Herze-govina 126

Ceasefire Agreement for the area of Dubrovnik 72

Ceasefire Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina 88

Ceasefire Agreement in Sector East 155

Ceasefire Agreement No. 13 66

Ceasefire Agreement No. 8 57

Ceasefire Agreement on all fronts in Croatia 131

Ceasefire Agreement signed in Geneva 69, 70

Ceasefire Agreement in Zagreb, see Zagreb Agreementceasefire agreements 54

Index of documents Page 199

Charters

Charter of the United Nations 74, 88, 94, 95, 96, 105, 121, 137, 148, 153, 211

Charter on the Rights of Serbs and Other Ethnic Groups in Croatia 36

Charter, Paris, see Paris Charter

CIA documents

CIA study on the prediction of break-up of Yugoslavia 20

Common Statements

Common Declaration of Tuđman and Izetbegović 150, 151

Common Statement of the Turkish–Croatian Mission of Good Will (to the press)132

Common Statement on Bosnia and Herzegovina 130

Common Statement on Closest Cooperation between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 120

Common Statement on Cooperation 126, 127

Common Statement regarding signatures on the Vance–Owen Peace Plan 121

Communiques

Communique of EC Foreign Ministers and WEU Defence Ministers 53

Communique of the Geneva Conference 97, 98

Confidential documents

Confidential Report of the ECMM 71

Constitutions

Constitution of Macedonia 67, 75, 76

Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 84

Constitution of the Republic of Croatia 18, 22

Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia 18

Constitution of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia 18, 29, 30, 36, 37

Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Serbia 11, 12, 19

Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia 13

"Constitution of the Yugoslav Confederation" 45

Constitutional documents

Constitutional amendments to the Consitutuion of the Socialist Republic of Ser-bia 17

Constitutional Amendments to the Constitution of Macedonia 76

Constitutional amendments to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Cro-atia 18

Constitutional Amendments to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Ser-bia 12

Constitutional Changes to the Constitution of Macedonia 75

Constitutional Decision on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Croatia 36, 57

Constitutional Principles for Bosnia and Herzegovina 111, 112, 113

Constitutional Proposals by Bosnian and Herzegovinan Serbs 105

Constitutional Structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina 111, 102, 103, 105

Page 200 Index of documents

Conventions

conventions on human rights 71

CSCE documents

CSCE documents 91

CSCE Resolution on FRY 91

D

Decisions

Decision of the Great National Assembly of the s-p SARs of Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem 58

Decision on Absolute and Unconditional Cease-Fire in Yugoslavia 44

Decision on Establishment of a Temporary Office of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Republic of Croatia 92

Decision on Immediate and Absolute Cease-Fire in Croatia 43

Decision on partial mobilization 56

Decision on s-p SAR Krajina joining the Republic of Serbia 28

Decision on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Slovenia 36,

57

Decision to hold the referendum on Macedonian independence 44

Declarations

Declaration of Autonomy of the Croatian Serbs 19

Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 83

Declaration of Policy on Bosnia and Herzegovina 141

Declaration of secession from the Republic of Croatia 28

Declaration of support to Greece (Albania) 105

Declaration of support to Greece (Bulgaria) 105

Declaration of support to Greece (Serbia) 105

Declaration of the London Conference 96

Declaration of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia 30

Declaration of the Parliament of the Republic of Serbia 28, 30

Declaration of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia 49

Declaration on the Establishment of the Sovereign and Independent Republic of Croatia 36, 57

Declaration on the Yugoslav People's Army 54

Declaration on Violation of Rights of Croats living in the Republic of Serbia and the provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo 34

Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 80

Declaration, Birmingham, see Birmingham Declaration

Demands

Demand of the Government of RC to the Presidium of SFRY 38

Draft documents

Draft cease-fire agreement 145

Draft of the Agreement on the Convention 62

Index of documents Page 201

E

EC documents

EC Arbitration Commission Report 73, 74

EC criteria for recognition 77

EC Ministerial Council Declaration on exclusion of Serbia and Montenegro from international organisations 92

EC Ministerial Council six-item Plan for the solution of crisis in Yugoslavia 42

ECMM documents

ECMM Protest to JNA 72

E

Erdut Agreement 143, 144, 145

European Peace Initiative, see Peace Initiative of the EU

G

Geneva documents

Geneva Agreement on the Realisation of the UN Security Council Resolution 802 138

Geneva Conventions 101, 103, 123

Geneva Peace Plan 115

H

Helsinki Act 74

I

Igalo Agreement 56

International humanitarian law, see Law, international humanitarianInternational law, see Law, international

J

Joint documents

Joint action plan 132, 139

Joint action programme 135

Joint Declaration of Izetbegović and Krajišnik 151

Joint Declaration on Establishment of a Permanent Peace Agreement 161

Joint Statement concerning mutual functioning of RC and RB-H 169

Joint Statement on Normalization of Relations between RC and FRY 161

Joint Statement, Granić and Simić 161

L

Laws

Law Concerning Amnesty for Criminal Acts and from Prosecution for Criminal Acts Committed in Armed Conflict or War Against Republic of Croatia 99

Page 202 Index of documents

Law on Citizenship 34

Law on Internal Affairs 30

Law on Minorities 71

Law on Public Information Services 155

Law on Temporary Functioning of the Administrative and Judicial Bodies 134

Law, international 148

Law, international humanitarian 114, 133, 143, 154, 160

Laws of the Republic of Croatia 25, 35

Laws of the Republic of Slovenia 18

Laws of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia 18, 25, 35

Letters

Letter asking for military experts mission, Tuđman to Bush 56

Letter asking for Peace keeping force, Mesić to de Cuellar 52

Letter asking for support in peacful solution, Tuđman to EC Ministerial Council37

Letter demanding allowance to import arms in B-H, Izetbegovič to UN SC 94

Letter demanding to stop aggression, Tuđman to SFRY Presidium 46

Letter expressing gratitude regarding the answer on a previous letter, Tuđman to Izetbegović 115

Letter of accreditation of Zvonimir Marković 164

Letter of apointment of the Head of the RC Office in FRY 163

Letter of complaint on the discontinuation of negotiations, Nobilo to Voroncov133

Letter of concern about the situation of Croats in Travnik municipality, Stojić to Owen, Thornberry, Morillon, Izetbegović and Halilović 134

Letter of introduction of the Head of FRY Bureau in RC 164

Letter of warning on the intentions of the partial Presidium, Mesić to de Cuellar66

Letter of warning to Serbia, Bush to Milošević 109

Letter on agreement to the proposals for the establishment of economic and other cooperation, Izetbegović to Tuđman 105, 115

Letter on problems to be discussed between RC and UNPA Serbs, Prtenjača to ECMM 120

Letter on securing of ceasefire in Croatia, Tuđman to EC 55

Letter on the application of Agreements, Tuđman to Izetbegović 103

Letter on the extension of cooperation, Tuđman to Izetbegović 104, 115

Letter on the implementation of UN SC Resolution 769, Tuđman to Ghali 104

Letter on the stances of RC about means of normalisation Croatian–Serb rela-tions, Granić to Simić 167

Letter on worsening of the relations between HVO and ABiH, Boban and Akmadžić to Izetbegović 113

Letter proposing the lifting of JNA barracks' blockade, Tuđman to Kadijević 53

Letter regarding developments in Travnik, Boban to Owen, Stoltenberg, UN-PROFOR, US State Department, Izetbegović and Bosnian Embassy to Croatia 134

Letter regarding newest developments in Sarajevo, Boban to Izetbegović 133

Letter regarding resolving integrity of Croatia, Serb People's Party to Ghali 111,

Index of documents Page 203

115

Letter regarding resolving of integrity of Croatia, Serb People's Party to Vance and Owen 115

Letter regarding the expansion of Muslim aggression against Croat population, Boban to Ghali 130

Letter regarding the Turkish Government Mission of Good Will, Turkish Embas-sy to Croatian Foreign Ministry 129

Letter requesting immediate arrival of peace-keeping forces, Tuđman to Bush and others 69

Letter requesting membership in GATT,Šarinić 105

Letter requesting military intervention, Tuđman to Ghali 91

Letter suggesting sending of peace-keeping forces into Croatia, Tuđman to Carrington and Van den Broek 56

Letter, Akmadžić to Ghali, Owen, Stoltenberg and the press 130

Letter, Office of the Croat Community of Herzeg-Bosnia President to World Conference on Human Rights 136

Letter, reply, Hornhues to Sanader 128

Letter, Sanader to Hornhues 127

Letter, Sanader to Petersen 126

Letter, Soylemez toŠkrabalo 130

Letter, Tanković to Izetbegović and Boban, see Open letter ...

L

Lisbon Agreement 105

London Conference documents

London Conference Declaration on Principles 96

London Conference Document on Bosnia and Herzegovina 96

London Conference Document on Serbia 96

London Conference Programme of Action 96

London Conference Special Decisions 96

M

Memoranda

Memoranda of Understanding between WEU and each of the Danube states136

Memorandum obliging all signatory parties to provide evidence on killed and missing persons 70

Memorandum of Understanding with Hungary 78

Memorandum on Consent to the demands of EC 48

Memorandum on Independence and Sovereignty of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 60

Memorandum on Urgent Ceasefire 60

Messages

Message for the Salvation of Civilians 66

Message from the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the OIC 127

Message of regrets regardin the situation in Travnik region, B-H Foreign Minis-

Page 204 Index of documents

try to Croatian Foreign Ministry 135

Message of the Croatian Serbs to Republic of Croatia 145

Message of Thorvald Stoltenberg to Croatian Serbs 145

Message on necessity of immediate cessation of all hostilities, Tuđman to Izetbegović and Boban 130

M

Moscow Memorandum, see Memorandum on Urgent Ceasefire

N

Nickles amendment 33, 34

Notes

Note on the Common Turkish–Croatian Mission of Good Will for Bosnia and Herzegovina 131

O

Open letter for friendly talks on the common fight, Tanković to Izetbegović and Boban 136

Orders

Order for the cessation of the clashes between Croats and Muslims in middle Bosnia 136

Order of the President of the Republic of Croatia 51

Order of the Presidium of SFRY 22, 23

O

Organization of the Commands of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija BiH) and the Croat Defence Council (HVO) 127

Owen-Stoltenberg documents

Owen–Stoltenberg plan, see Plan for the Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina

P

Paris Charter 74

Peace Initiatives

Peace Initiative of Franjo Tuđman 155

Peace Initiative of the EU 157

Peace Plans

Peace Plan (proposed by Lord Carrington) 63

Peace Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina 120, 125, 128, 129

Plans

Plan for guaranteed minority rights 77

Plan for the Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina 148, 149, 151, 152

Plan for the solution of the crisis in Yugoslavia 32

Plan Z-4 174

Index of documents Page 205

Platforms

Platform for the Negotiations with the JNA 65

Platform of the Socialist Party of Serbia 39

Presidential documents

Presidential decree on founding of the National Guard (ZNG) 29

Presidential order on prohibition of political activity in HV 60

Proclamations

Proclamation of the President of the Republic on the referendum in the Repub-lic of Croatia 31

Proposals

Proposal for a Union of Republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina 144

Proposal for organising B–H on a federal basis 141

Proposal of agreement with Croatia 119

Proposal of the Citizenship Law 29

Proposal to Recognize Croatia and Slovenia Without Delay 72

Protests

Protest of the Croatian Government to the Serbian Government 32

Protocols

Protocol on Economic Cooperation and B-H Refugee Accommodation in Croa-tia 93

R

Recommendations

Recommendation not to travel to Croatia (of the British Foreign Office) 101

Regulations

Regulations for the Conduct of Proceedings of the SFRY Presidium 37

Reports

Report by the European Community EC Arbitration Commission 72

Report of the Badinter Commission 92

Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross 123

Requests

Request for the EC recognition 74

Request for the withdrawal of Serbian troops from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Izetbegović to Milošević 83

Resolutions

Resolution of the USA Congress House of Representatives 35

Resolution of the USA Senate 68

Resolution on the Adopting of Procedures for Dissociation from Yugoslavia 25

Resolution on the Protection of the Constitution of Croatia 25

Resolution the Organization of the Islamic Conference 88

Page 206 Index of documents

S

Sarajevo Agreement, see Agreement on the future of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo ceasefire 76

Statements

Statement by the President of the United States of America and the United Na-tions Secretary General 117

Statement of common interest in the defence against common aggressor 91

Statement of the Council for Defence and National Security of the Republic of Croatia 130

Statement on Croat-Muslim Relations 125

Statement on mutual help between Croatian and Bosnian – Herzegovinan Dip-lomatic-Consular 88, 91

Statement on Principles for New Constitutional Arrangements for Bosnia and Herzegovina 81

Statutes

Statute of the Serb Autonomous Region of Krajina 22

T

Telegram on the occasion of Kurban – Bajram, Tuđman to Omerbašić 133

Trade documents

Trade Arrangement 64

T

Tuđman Peace Initiative, see Peace Initiative of Franjo Tuđman

U

Ultimata

Ultimatum of B-H Serbs for the definitive acceptance of the latest proposals 112

Ultimatum on Croatia 55, 56

Ultimatum to the Croatian Police forces in the village of Kievo 46

UN documents

UN Charter, see Charter of the United Nations

UN General Assembly Resolutions

UN GA Resolution 96

UN GA Resolution 46/236 86

UN GA Resolution 46/237 86

UN GA Resolution 46/238 86

UN GA Resolution 47/1 99, 128

UN GA Resolution 47/225 123

UN GA Resolution 47/229 128

UN plans

UN plan for peace-keeping operations, see Vance Plan

Index of documents Page 207

UN Security Council Draft Resolutions

UN SC Draft Resolution S/25997 139

UN Security Council President’s Statements

UN SC President's Statement S/24539 97

UN SC President's Statement S/24744 103

UN SC Resolution 115

UN SG Report S/23900 85

UN SC President's Statement of 03/05/1993 (to the press) 128

UN SC President's Statement of 07/05/1993 (to the press) 129

UN SC President's Statement S/23389 76

UN SC President's Statement S/23802 83

UN SC President's Statement S/23842 83

UN SC President's Statement S/23945 86

UN SC President's Statement S/23946 86

UN SC President's Statement S/23982 86

UN SC President's Statement S/24307 91

UN SC President's Statement S/24346 93

UN SC President's Statement S/24378 94

UN SC President's Statement S/24379 (to the press) 94

UN SC President's Statement S/24510 97

UN SC President's Statement S/24539 97

UN SC President's Statement S/24744 103

UN SC President's Statement S/24884 (to the press) 106

UN SC President's Statement S/24932 107

UN SC President's Statement S/25079 112

UN SC President's Statement S/25080 112

UN SC President's Statement S/25162 114

UN SC President's Statement S/25178 114

UN SC President's Statement S/25190 (to the press) 114

UN SC President's Statement S/25270 (to the press) 115

UN SC President's Statement S/25302 116

UN SC President's Statement S/25328 117

UN SC President's Statement S/25334 117

UN SC President's Statement S/25361 118

UN SC President's Statement S/25426 119

UN SC President's Statement S/25471 120

UN SC President's Statement S/25520 122

UN SC President's Statement S/25545 123

UN SC President's Statement S/25557 (to the press) 123

UN SC President's Statement S/25646 (to the press) 126

UN SC President's Statement S/25746 130

UN SC President's Statement S/25897 135

UN SC President's Statement S/26084 142

UN SC President's Statement S/26134 143

UN SC President's Statement S/26199 144

UN SC President's Statement S/26436 150

UN SC President's Statement S/26437 150

Page 208 Index of documents

UN SC President's Statement S/26572 153

UN SC President's Statement S/26661 154

UN SC President's Statement S/26716 155

UN SC President's Statement S/26717 156

UN SC President's Statement S/PRST/1994/1 160

UN SC President's Statement S/PRST/1994/10 162

UN SC President's Statement S/PRST/1994/11 162

UN SC President's Statement S/PRST/1994/6 161

UN SC President's Statement SC/5618 (to the press) 131

UN SC President's Statement SC/5635 (to the press) 133

UN Security Council Resolutions

UN SC Resolution 115

UN SC Resolution 713 54, 55, 73, 79, 105, 139

UN SC Resolution 721 70

UN SC Resolution 724 73, 79, 88, 137

UN SC Resolution 727 76

UN SC Resolution 740 79

UN SC Resolution 743 79

UN SC Resolution 749 82, 83

UN SC Resolution 752 85, 87

UN SC Resolution 753 86

UN SC Resolution 754 86

UN SC Resolution 755 86

UN SC Resolution 757 87, 88, 105

UN SC Resolution 758 87

UN SC Resolution 760 88

UN SC Resolution 761 89

UN SC Resolution 762 89

UN SC Resolution 764 91

UN SC Resolution 769 95, 104

UN SC Resolution 770 95

UN SC Resolution 771 95

UN SC Resolution 776 98

UN SC Resolution 777 98, 99

UN SC Resolution 779 100

UN SC Resolution 780 101, 103

UN SC Resolution 781 101

UN SC Resolution 786 104

UN SC Resolution 787 105

UN SC Resolution 795 108

UN SC Resolution 798 108

UN SC Resolution 802 114, 122, 123, 126, 135, 138, 143

UN SC Resolution 807 116

UN SC Resolution 808 117

UN SC Resolution 815 120, 121, 122

UN SC Resolution 816 121

UN SC Resolution 817 122

Index of documents Page 209

UN SC Resolution 819 124, 125

UN SC Resolution 820 125, 127

UN SC Resolution 821 128

UN SC Resolution 824 129, 134, 162

UN SC Resolution 827 132

UN SC Resolution 836 134, 142, 162

UN SC Resolution 838 135

UN SC Resolution 842 137

UN SC Resolution 843 137

UN SC Resolution 844 137

UN SC Resolution 845 137

UN SC Resolution 847 139, 146

UN SC Resolution 855 146

UN SC Resolution 857 148

UN SC Resolution 859 148

UN SC Resolution 869 152

UN SC Resolution 870 152

UN SC Resolution 871 152, 155

UN SC Resolution 877 154

UN SC Resolution 900 162

UN SC Resolution 913 165

UN SC Resolution 958 170

UN SC Resolutions 114, 116, 152, 162

UN Secretary-General Reports

UN SG Report 84

UN SG Report S/23592 79

UN SG Report S/23777 82

UN SG Report S/23836 83

UN SG Report S/23900 85

UN SG Report S/24767 104

UN SG Report S/24923 107

UN SG Report S/25767 104

UN documents

United Nations Charter, see Charter of the United NationsUnited Nations Peace Plan for Croatia 121

United Nations peace-keeping plan 116

United Nations peace-keeping plan, see Vance plan

USA documents

USA Senate Resolution on Yugoslavia 51

V

Vance Plan 75, 79, 114, 118, 121, 152

Vance and Owen documents

Vance–Owen Agreement on Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina 111

Vance–Owen Peace Plan 121, 127, 128, 129, 131, 136, 137

Index of documents Page 210

Vance–Owen Plan 109, 118

Z

Zagreb Agreement 163, 166, 169

Annex 1 The Charter of the United Nations Page 211

Annex 1

The Charter of the United Nations

Chapter VII

Action with respect to threats to the peace, breaches of the peace and acts of aggression

• Artic le 39

The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security.

• Artic le 40

In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems nec-essary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures.

• Artic le 41

The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations.

• Artic le 42

Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations.

• Artic le 43

1. All members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of inter-national peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.

Page 212 The Charter of the United Nations Annex 1

2. Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided.

3. The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.

• Artic le 44

When the Security Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment of contingents of that Member’s armed forces.

• Artic le 45

In order to enable the United nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold immediately available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be determined, within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assis-tance of the Military Staff Committee.

• Artic le 46

Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.

• Artic le 47

1. There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to the Security Council’s military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament.

2. The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Com-mittee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee’s respon-sibilities requires the participation of that Member in its work.

3. The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently.

4. The military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the Security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional agencies, may establish regional sub-commit-tees.

Annex 1 The Charter of the United Nations Page 213

• Artic le 48

1. The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the mainte-nance of international peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the Uni-ted Nations or by some of them, as the Security Council may determine.

2. Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they are mem-bers.

• Artic le 49

The Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in car-rying out the measures decided upon by the Security Council.

• Artic le 50

If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems.

• Artic le 51

Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or col-lective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.

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