Sergey Eliseev

Penning-Trap Mass Spectrometryfor Neutrino Physics

Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany

International Workshop XLIII on Gross Properties of Nuclei and Nuclear ExcitationsHirschegg , January 12, 2015

• Type of Neutrinos

OUTLINE

Basics of Penning-Trap Mass Spectrometry

PTMS for Neutrino Physics

• Search for heavy sterile Neutrinos

• Determination of Neutrino Mass

Basics of Penning-Trap Mass Spectrometry

Field Examples m/m

Nuclear structure physics

shell closures, shell quenching, regions of

Astrophysicsnuclear models mass formula

rp-process and r-process path, waiting-point

Weak interactionstudies

CVC hypothesis, CKM matrix unitarity, Ft of

Metrology, fundamental constants

α (h/mCs, mCs /mp, mp/me ), mSi

Neutrino physics 0, 02EC

mmother – mdaughter :

CPT tests QED in HCI

mp and mp me- and me+ mion, electron binding energy

10-6 to 10-7

10-8

10-9 to 10-10

10-8-10-9

<10-11

<10-11

δVpn, island of stability deformation, drip lines, halos, Sn, Sp, S2n, S2p,

nuclei, proton threshold energies, astrophysicalreaction rates, neutron star, x-ray burst

superallowed ß-emitters

Masses of Exotic Nuclides (short-lived to stable)

~10-10heavy neutrinosneutrino mass

Penning trap the most accurate mass spectrometer

B

q/m

B

q/m

strong uniformstatic B-field

1 qcc =2 mmB

Penning trap the most accurate mass spectrometer

B

q/m

B

q/m

strong uniformstatic B-field

1 qcc =2 mmB

SHIPTRAPJYFLTRAP

TRIGATRAPMLLTRAP

< 5 · 10-9BB h-1

THe-TRAPMax-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics,

Heidelberg

< 10-11BB h-1

B

q/m

B

q/m

magnetic field

Penning Trap

electrostatic field

B

B

Penning Trap

modified cyclotron motion:

magnetron motion:

axial motion:

2212

1

2

1zc

2212

1

2

1zc

22

1

d

U

m

qz

2222zc

c1010

c

c

1010c

c

long-lived and stable nuclides

short-lived nuclides

Brown & Gabrielse, Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 233 (1986)

Penning-Traps worldwide

TITAN

CPT LEBIT

JYFLTRAP

ISOLTRAP

SHIPTRAPMLLTRAP

TRIGATRAP

FSU

on-line facility for short-lived nuclides

m/m ~ 10-9 (ToF-ICR technique)

ultra-precise Penning trap for long-lived and stable nuclides

m/m <10-10 (FT-ICR technique)

THe-TRAP

Penning-Traps worldwide

TITAN

CPT LEBIT

JYFLTRAP

ISOLTRAP

MLLTRAP

FSUPENTATRAP

TRIGATRAP

SHIPTRAP

THe-TRAP

CMU-TRAP

High Precision PTMS Q = Mmother- Mdaughter of and transitions

type of neutrinos heavy sterile neutrinos

neutrino mass

High Precision PTMS Q = Mmother- Mdaughter of and transitions

type of neutrinos heavy sterile neutrinos

neutrino mass

double-electron-capture nuclides

double -decay nuclides

two-neutrino mode neutrinoless mode

neutrinoless mode

Observation of 0 or 02EC proves that:

neutrino is a Majorana particle, = •

• conservation of total lepton number breaks

Measurement of T1/2 gives:

effective Majorana neutrino mass•

|mU||m| ii

2ei

T1/2~1019y

T1/2>1025y

Neutrinoless Double- Decay

Contribution of Penning Traps:measurements of Q – values

with a sub-keV uncertainty

transition Q-value precision 76Ge – 76Se 2039.006(50) 6E-10

G. Douysset et al., PRL 86, 4259 (2001)

100Mo – 100Ru 3034.40(17) 2E-9 S. Rahaman et al., PLB 662, 111 (2008)

130Te – 130Xe 2527.518(13) 1E-10 M. Redshaw et al., PRL 102, 212502 (2009)

136Xe – 136Ba 2457.83(37) 3E-09 M. Redshaw et al., PRL 98, 053003 (2007)

48Ca – 48Ti 4268.0 (3) 7E-10 M. Redshaw et al., PRC 86, 041306(R) (2013)

A.A. Kwiatkowski et al., PRC 89, 045502 (2014)

Experiments: GERDA & MAJORANA :

76Ge NEMO-3:

100Mo COBRA & CUORE:

130Te EXO: 136Xe

CANDLES & CARVEL: 48Ca

Neutrinoless Double-Electron Capture

expected T1/2 of 02EC > 1030 yr

22γh2

2/1 Γ41

EBQ

Γ~

T

1

22γh2

2/1 Γ41

EBQ

Γ~

T

1

expected T1/2 of 02EC > 1030 yr

Neutrinoless Double-Electron Capture

resonant enhancement of capture rate

Search for a transition with (Q-B2h-E) < 1 keV

Measurement of Q=M1-M2 at ~ 100 eV-Level

T1/2 of 02EC ~ 1023 yr

Neutrinoless Double-Electron Capture

112Sn → 112Cd

74Se → 74Ge

136Ce → 136Ba

96Ru → 96Mo

168Yb → 168Er

162Er → 162Dy

156Dy → 156Gd

106Cd → 106Pd

Measurements with SHIPTRAP/GSI

Phys. Rev. C 83 (2011) 038501; 84 (2011) 028501; 84 (2011) 012501;

JYFLTRAP, S. Rahaman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 042501 (2009)

JYFLTRAP, V. S. Kolhinen et al., Phys. Lett. B 684, 17 (2010)

FSU, B. J. Mount et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 032501(R) (2010)

JYFLTRAP, V. S. Kolhinen et al., Phys. Lett. B 697, 116 (2011)

124Xe → 124Te130Ba → 130Xe

184Os → 184W

152Gd → 152Sm164Er → 164Dy

180W → 180Hf

Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 052504; 107 (2011) 152501;

Addressed 02EC transitions

Nucl. Phys. A 875 (2012) 1;

TRIGATRAP, C. Smorra et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 044604 (2012)

JYFLTRAPJYFLTRAP, S. Rahaman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 042501 (2009)

2EC-transition Q (old), keV (old), keV Q(new), keV (new), keV T1/2·|m2EC|2, yr

152Gd → 152Sm 54.6(3.5) -0.2(3.5) 55.7(0.2) 0.9(0.2) 1026

164Er → 164Dy 23.3(3.9) 5.2(3.9) 25.07(0.12) 6.81(0.12) 2 ·1030

180W → 180Hf 144.4(4.5) 13.7(4.5) 143.1(0.2) 12.4(0.2) 3 ·1027

0+ → 0+ transitions between nuclear ground states

multiple-resonance phenomenon in 156Dy

|M| =3 for 0+ → 0+

T1/2 (0+→0+) ~ 31024 y

for |m2EC|=1 eV

TITAN

CPT LEBIT

JYFLTRAP

ISOLTRAP

SHIPTRAPMLLTRAP

TRIGATRAP

FSU

• Q-values of all important 0– transitionsare measured with sufficient accuracy

• Two resonantly enhanced 02EC– transitionsare found

THe-TRAP

High Precision PTMS Q = Mmother- Mdaughter of and transitions

type of neutrinos heavy sterile neutrinos

neutrino mass

Determination of Neutrino Mass

EC in 163Ho- Project

--decay of 187Re MARE- Project

HOLMES - Project

--decay of Tritium KATRIN - Project

with an uncertainty of ~ 0.2 eV

Measurements of Q-Values are requiredwith a relative uncertainty (Q/m) < 10-11

THe-TRAP & PENTATRAP

PENTATRAP

Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (Heidelberg)

Division “Stored and Cooled Ions”

Measurements of mass ratios of

with an accuracy of < 10-11

THe-TRAP

THe-TRAP

187Re \ 187Os163Ho \ 163Dy

Tritium \ 3He

PENTATRAP

THe-TRAP for KATRIN: 3H3He Q-value

18 575

18 580

18 585

18 590

18 595

18 600

18 605

18 610

18 615

Q-V

alu

e [

eV

]

-Spectrometers(Curie plots)

FTICR

PenningTraps

Sz. Nagy et al., Euro. Phys. Lett. 74, 404 (2006)

Q=18 589.8 (1.2) eV

THe-Trap aims forQ ≈ 20 meV Q/m < 10-11

Status:

Q/m ≈ 10-10

Q = m(16O5+)-m(12C4+)

S. Streubel et al., Appl. Phys. B 114, 137 (2014)

PENTATRAP for ECHo, HOLMES, MARE

Measurements of Q-Values of

with an uncertainty of ~ 1 eV

Q=2.47 keVIn

ten

sity

De-Excitation Energy / keV

Q=2.55 keV

--decay of 187Re EC in 163Ho

see: Repp, J. et al. Appl. Phys. B, 107, 983 (2012) Roux, C. et al. Appl. Phys. B, 107, 997 (2012)

Status of PENTATRAP

• Production of highly charged ions (187Re50+, Xe25+, Ar8+)

• Transport of HCIs to Penning-trap mass spectrometer

• Trapping of HCIs for up to 30 min.

• Measurement of the axial-motion frequency

Status of PENTATRAP

Improvement of the Experiment Performence

(NEAR) FUTURE

Q-values of 187Re -decay & 163Ho EC with ~ 1 eV uncertainty

search for the best -transition for the neutrino mass determination

-decay of 3H; Q-value ≈ 18.6 keV

-decay of 187Re; Q-value ≈ 2.47 keV

EC in 163Ho; Q-value ≈ 2.55 keV

Inte

nsi

ty

De-Excitation Energy / keV

Electron-Capture Transitions

Q-value → 0

Q-Belectron → 0

search for the best -transition for the neutrino mass determination

search for the best EC-transition for the neutrino mass determination

Measurement program for ISOLTRAP and JYFLTRAP

Penning Traps for Neutrino Mass

M(187Re)-M(187Os)THe-TRAP

PENTATRAP

M(3H)-M(3He)

M(163Ho)-M(163Dy) accuracy < 10-11

JYFLTRAP

ISOLTRAP

accuracy ~ 10-8

search for most suitableEC-transitions

High Precision PTMS Q = Mmother- Mdaughter of and transitions

type of neutrinos heavy sterile neutrinos

neutrino mass

heavy sterile neutrinos: 1 to 100 keV

F. Bezrukov and M. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 053005

search in electron capture (EC)

F.X. Hartmann, Phys. Rev. C 45 (1992) 900

overview of different approaches

KATRIN and MARE (-decay)H.J. de Vega, O. Moreno et al., Nucl. Phys. B 866 (2013) 177

Extension of Standard Model:

heavy sterile neutrinos: 1 to 100 keV

F. Bezrukov and M. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 053005

search in electron capture (EC)

F.X. Hartmann, Phys. Rev. C 45 (1992) 900

overview of different approaches

KATRIN and MARE (-decay)H.J. de Vega, O. Moreno et al., Nucl. Phys. B 866 (2013) 177

Extension of Standard Model:

Inte

nsi

ty

De-Excitation Energy / keV

heavy sterile neutrinos in electron capturecalorimetric spectrum

A(Z,N) + e A(Z-1,N)h + e

A(Z-1,N) + Ec

M1

N1 3 activeneutrinos

M1

N1exp

Function(Q-value, Ue4)

Measurements of Q-values of mostsuitable EC-transitions

P.E. Filianin et al., ArXiv:1402.4400

nuclide half-life Q / keV Bi / keV Bj / keV Q-Bi / keV163Ho 4570 y 2.555(16) M1: 2.0468(5) N1: 0.4163(5) 0.51235Np 396 d 124.2(9) K: 115.6061(16) L1: 21.7574(3) 8.6157Tb 71 y 60.04(30) K: 50.2391(5) L1: 8.3756(5) 9.76123Te 1017 y 52.7(16) K: 30.4912(3) L1: 4.9392(3) 22.2202Pb 52 ky 46(14) L1: 15.3467(4) M1: 3.7041(4) 30.7205Pb 13 My 50.6(5) L1: 15.3467(4) M1: 3.7041(4) 35.3179Ta 1.82 y 105.6(4) K: 65.3508(6) L1: 11.2707(4) 40.2193Pt 50 y 56.63(30) L1: 13.4185(3) M1: 3.137(17) 43.2

• largest sensitivity to Ue4 around m4 ≈ Q - Bi • contribution of 4 to i-capture only if m4 ≤ Q - Bi

• 105 cryogenic microcalorimeters

m4 / (Q - Bi)

Ue42

• 10 decays/s in each detector• Measurement time of 1 year

Q=0, wave functions are known precisely•

m4 / keV

Ue42

measurements of Q-values withuncertainties Q/m < 10-10 are reqiured

measurement programme for PENTATRAP

High Precision PTMS Q = Mmother- Mdaughter of and transitions

type of neutrinos heavy sterile neutrinos

completed

neutrino mass

near future

far future

Thank you for your attention !