Sericultural development

by Mr Christian FRESQUET International Sericultural Commission

Sericulture in the context of local and regional development November 10-13,2010

Experimental station Indio Hatuey CUBA

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The International Sericultural CommissionIntergovernmental organization created in 1960All main silk producer States are members but not ChinaHeadquarters in the city of Lyon in FrancePurpose : promotion of development of sericulture ( technical support, contacts, data collection, quarterly journal : SERICOLOGIA,).

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The International Sericultural CommissionSecretary-general : Dr. Grard CHAVANCY

Deputy secretary-general : Mr. Christian FRESQUET

Web site : inserco.org*Source : ISC

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World raw silk production in 2009 (without wild silk)*Source : ISC

Production in tons%CHINA 84 00079INDIA16 32215UZBEKISTAN 2 448 2.3BRAZIL 811 1.1THAILAND 665 1Others ( estimated) 2 000 1.9TOTAL106 246100

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World raw silk exportations and importations in 2009 ( without wild silk)*Source : ISC

Exportations in tonsImportations in tonsCHINA 8 500* 173*INDIA 308*6 539*UZBEKISTAN 1 710 0BRAZIL 867 76ITALY (573)2 153JAPAN 0 725Others 11 720TOTAL

* : without thrown silk 11 38611 386

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Price of 1 kg of raw silk (grade : 3A , 20/22 deniers)Exported from China : 60 US dollars (Nov. 2010) the price has increased by 80 % for one year.

Produced in India : 46 US dollars (May 2010)

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Some Indian tropical varieties of mulberries

Irrigated fields : . Victory 1 (65 tons of leaves/ha) . S 36 (40 t/ha)

Rainfed fields : . S 13 (13 t/ha) . S 34 (13 t/ha) *Source : ISC

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Performance of some Indian sikworms strains for tropical conditions Hybrids (polyvoltines x bivoltines) : . PM x CSR2 (shell ratio : 19 %) . ND7 x CSR2 (shell ratio : 21 %)

Bivoltines (bivoltines x bivoltines) : . CSR2 xCSR4 (shell ratio : 24 %) . CSR50 x CSR51 (shell ratio : 23.4 %)

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Production organization in India

Gobal coordination by the Central Silk Board Public research and breeding ( 3 CSRTI, 1 CSTRI, NSSO, state research centers.)Seed production: public (20 SSPC) and private cocoon markets: publicPrivate rearing*Source : ISC

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Production organization in ChinaPublic research (Zhenjiang sericultural research institute, province or municipal research institutes,)

Public and private seed production

Private rearing

Private reeling*Source : ISC

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Production organization in JAPANPublic research and development (NIAS)

Private breeding, seed production, rearing and reeling

Public technical assistance for overseas countries (JICA)*Source : ISC

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Production organization in BRAZIL

Tie-up research and production in a private company : BRATAC (Parana state).*Source : ISC

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Tropical sericultural development : theorical possibilitiesMost countries in the tropical belt or subtropical belt have a favourable climate in south-east Asia, Africa and America.

Raw silk has a hight economic value, and is capable of producing additional cash income to the numerous and poor rural populations.

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Tropical sericultural development : practical necessitiesAgro-climatic conditions (maximum temperature for high performing silkworm strains rearing : 30C).

Qualities of potential rearers (often women) : attention to details, diligence, time.

Availability of specific rearing premises protected from the other activities of the farm.*Source : ISC

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Tropical sericultural development : practical necessities Sericulture is to be develo ped in areas: - far removed from consumer markets or ports, where no other major activities are profitables at the same season(s) like industrial crops, - where food products are consumed locally.

It is very hazardous to envisage sericulture as a mono-production.

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Tropical sericultural development : practical necessitiesExistence of a handicraft tradition or a textile industry, this is a prohibitive factor.

Existence of a processing circuit, i.e. leading to a domestic market for raw silk . *Source : ISC

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A complex agro-industrial process: sericulture (1)Mulberry cultivation (pedological and climatic conditions, appropriate varieties, growing techniques).

Grainage and silkworm rearing ( search for appropriate cross breeds, grainage management, rearing technique).

Cocoon handling ( collection, stifling, storage)

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A complex agro-industrial process: sericulture (2)Reeling (human and material ressources required for manual, semi-automatic and automatic basins).

Silk conditioning (human and material ressources required to test and classify raw silks).

Treatment of silk waste (carding, combing spun silk or noil silk yarns).*Source : ISC

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A complex agro-industrial process: silk processingOnly for those who want to export raw silk :

very hight quality : minimum 3A grade.

Use of less sophisticated machines makes it possible to use lower-grade silks but requires plentiful and experienced labour-force. *Source : ISC

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A complex agro-industrial process: by-products from mulberryFibers (phloem of shoots)

Paper (bark)

Wood (hockey sticks, cricket bats, tennis rackets, bobins, toys, furniture,.)

Fodder (leaves for cattle, poultry,.)

Traditional medecine and traditional healthy diet (from root, stem, leaves, fruit)

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A complex agro-industrial process: by-products from silkwormPupae for human or animal feedingPupae oil for soap, cosmetics, paints and varnishesSilkmoth for medicinal wine (China)Potential source of antibacterial peptides, antifungal fractions (larvae), lecithin, chitin, chitosan (pupae)Use of silkworm as bio-reactor (by transgenesis)

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SOME IMPERATIVESTraining

Research

Dissemination of techniques

Programming: countries with no sericultural tradition/ countries with sericultural traditions *Source : ISC

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International cooperation and information Every precise and localised project must be the object of an appropriate and specific study.This can be achieved efficiently with the support of different types of competences which exist in various countries.International cooperation is indispensable and especially for research projects.ISC is best equiped to serve as focal points for multilateral cooperation.

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Future of sericultural economy Domination of China on raw silk exportations, the best solution is to develop finished products

Production of economic interest molcules by transgenesis

Derived products

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SOME PICTURES FROM SERICULTURE IN SOUTH INDIA

KARNATAKA State

June 2010*Source : ISC

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SOME PICTURES FROM SERICULTURE IN EAST CHINA

ZHEJIANG Province

May 2010

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