Series V, No. 33 Statistics Division World Statistics ......Weight or mass 1 ton = 1.102311 short tons or = 0.987207 long ton 1 kilogram = 35.273962 avdp. ounces = 2.204623 avdp. pounds

Series V, No. 33 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division

World Statistics Pocketbook 2008

United Nations, New York, 2009

The DDepartment of Economic and Soc ia l Af fa i rs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interl inked areas: (i ) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; ( i i ) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (i i i ) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. Note The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas.

Visit the United Nations World Wide Web site on the Internet: For the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, http://www.un.org/esa/desa/ For statistics and statistical publications, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ For UN publications, https://unp.un.org/

ST/ESA/STAT/SER.V/33 United Nations Publication Sales No. E.09.XVII.3 ISBN-13: 978-92-1-161524-1 Inquiries should be directed to: United Nations Publications New York, NY 10017 Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved Printed in United States of America

iii

Preface

This World Statistics Pocketbook is the twenty-eighth compilation of basic economic, environmental, and social indicators for countries and areas of the world, prepared by the United Nations Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. It responds to General Assembly resolution 2626 (XXV), in which the Secretary-General is requested to supply basic national data that will increase international public awareness of countries' development efforts.

The indicators shown are selected from the wealth of international statistical information compiled regularly by the Statistics Division and Population Division of the United Nations, the statistical services of the United Nations specialized agencies and other international organizations and institutions.

This issue of the World Statistics Pocketbook covers the years 2000, 2005 and 2007. The statistics included for each year shown are those most recently compiled and made available by the international statistical services from official national sources, supplemented by international estimates in some fields. Statistical sources and methods are described in the section Technical notes, in the Data dictionary and in footnotes. For the most part, the statistics presented are those that were available to the United Nations Statistics Division as of December 2008.

v

Contents

Preface .................................................................................................................................. iii

Introduction ........................................................................................................................... ix

Symbols and abbreviations .................................................................................................. xi

Conversion coefficients and factors................................................................................. . xi

Country and area tables ....................................................................................................... 1

Technical notes ................................................................................................................. 219

Country nomenclature .................................................................................................... 219

Notes on the indicators .................................................................................................. 219

Data dictionary .................................................................................................................. 227

References ......................................................................................................................... 235

Statistical sources............................................................................................................. 237

Index of indicator notes and definitions .......................................................................... 239

United Nations statistical publications ........................................................................... 241 Country profiles

Afghanistan ................................................. 3 Albania ......................................................... 4 Algeria.......................................... ............... 5 American Samoa ......................................... 6 Andorra ........................................................ 7 Angola .......................................................... 8 Antigua and Barbuda .................................. 9 Argentina ................................................... 10 Armenia ..................................................... 11 Aruba.......................................................... 12 Australia .................................................... 13 Austria ....................................................... 14 Azerbaijan .................................................. 15 Bahamas .................................................... 16 Bahrain ....................................................... 17 Bangladesh ................................................ 18 Barbados .................................................... 19 Belarus ....................................................... 20 Belgium ...................................................... 21 Belize .......................................................... 22 Benin .......................................................... 23 Bermuda ..................................................... 24 Bhutan ........................................................ 25 Bolivia ........................................................ 26 Bosnia and Herzegovina............ ............... 27

Botswana ................................................... 28 Brazil .......................................................... 29 British Virgin Islands ................................. 30 Brunei Darussalam .................................... 31 Bulgaria ...................................................... 32 Burkina Faso .............................................. 33 Burundi ....................................................... 34 Cambodia ................................................... 35 Cameroon ................................................... 36 Canada ....................................................... 37 Cape Verde ................................................ 38 Cayman Islands ......................................... 39 Central African Republic ........................... 40 Chad ........................................................... 41 Chile ........................................................... 42 China .......................................................... 43 China, Hong Kong SAR ............................. 44 China, Macao SAR .................................... 45 Colombia .................................................... 46 Comoros ..................................................... 47 Congo ......................................................... 48 Cook Islands .............................................. 49Costa Rica .................................................. 50 Côte d'Ivoire ............................................... 51 Croatia ........................................................ 52

vi

Cuba ........................................................... 53 Cyprus ........................................................ 54 Czech Republic .......................................... 55 Democratic Republic of Congo ................ 56 Denmark .................................................... 57 Djibouti ...................................................... 58 Dominica .................................................... 59 Dominican Republic .................................. 60 Ecuador ...................................................... 61 Egypt .......................................................... 62 El Salvador ................................................. 63 Equatorial Guinea ..................................... 64 Eritrea ......................................................... 65 Estonia ....................................................... 66 Ethiopia ...................................................... 67 Faeroe Islands ........................................... 68 Fiji ............................................................... 69 Finland ....................................................... 70 France......................................................... 71 French Guiana ........................................... 72 French Polynesia ....................................... 73 Gabon ......................................................... 74 Gambia ....................................................... 75 Georgia ...................................................... 76 Germany..................................................... 77 Ghana ......................................................... 78 Greece ........................................................ 79 Greenland .................................................. 80 Grenada ..................................................... 81 Guadeloupe ............................................... 82 Guam .......................................................... 83 Guatemala ................................................. 84 Guinea ........................................................ 85 Guinea-Bissau ........................................... 86 Guyana ....................................................... 87 Haiti ............................................................ 88 Honduras.................................................... 89 Hungary ...................................................... 90 Iceland ....................................................... 91 India ........................................................... 92 Indonesia ................................................... 93 Iran, Islamic Republic of ........................... 94 Iraq ............................................................. 95 Ireland ........................................................ 96 Israel .......................................................... 97 Italy ............................................................ 98 Jamaica ..................................................... 99 Japan ....................................................... 100 Jordan ...................................................... 101 Kazakhstan .............................................. 102 Kenya ....................................................... 103

Kiribati ..................................................... 104 Korea, Dem. People's Republic of ......... 105 Korea, Republic of .................................. 106 Kuwait ..................................................... 107 Kyrgyzstan ............................................... 108 Lao People's Democratic Republic ....... 109 Latvia ....................................................... 110 Lebanon .................................................. 111 Lesotho.................................................... 112 Liberia ..................................................... 113 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ......................... 114 Liechtenstein .......................................... 115 Lithuania ................................................. 116 Luxembourg ............................................ 117 Madagascar ........................................... 118 Malawi .................................................... 119 Malaysia ................................................. 120 Maldives ................................................. 121 Mali ......................................................... 122 Malta ....................................................... 123 Marshall Islands ..................................... 124 Martinique .............................................. 125 Mauritania .............................................. 126 Mauritius ................................................ 127 Mexico .................................................... 128 Micronesia, Federated States of .......... 129 Monaco ................................................... 130 Mongolia ................................................. 131 Montenegro ............................................ 132 Morocco .................................................. 133 Mozambique ........................................... 134 Myanmar ................................................. 135 Namibia .................................................. 136 Nauru ...................................................... 137 Nepal ....................................................... 138 Netherlands ............................................ 139 Netherlands Antilles .............................. 140 New Caledonia ....................................... 141 New Zealand .......................................... 142 Nicaragua ............................................... 143 Niger ....................................................... 144 Nigeria .................................................... 145 Niue ......................................................... 146 Northern Mariana Islands ..................... 147 Norway ................................................... 148 Occupied Palestinian Territory. ............. 149 Oman ....................................................... 150 Pakistan .................................................. 151 Palau ....................................................... 152 Panama ................................................... 153 Papua New Guinea ................................ 154

vii

Paraguay .................................................. 155 Peru .......................................................... 156 Philippines ............................................... 157 Poland ...................................................... 158 Portugal .................................................... 159 Puerto Rico .............................................. 160 Qatar ........................................................ 161 Republic of Moldova ............................... 162 Réunion .................................................... 163 Romania ................................................... 164 Russian Federation ................................. 165 Rwanda .................................................... 166 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 167 Saint Lucia ............................................... 168 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ......... 169 Samoa ...................................................... 170 San Marino .............................................. 171 Sao Tome and Principe ........................... 172 Saudi Arabia ............................................ 173 Senegal .................................................... 174 Serbia ....................................................... 175 Seychelles ............................................... 176 Sierra Leone ............................................ 177 Singapore ................................................ 178 Slovakia ................................................... 179 Slovenia ................................................... 180 Solomon Islands ...................................... 181 Somalia .................................................... 182 South Africa ............................................. 183 Spain ........................................................ 184 Sri Lanka .................................................. 185 Sudan ....................................................... 186

Suriname.................................. .............. 187 Swaziland ............................................... 188 Sweden ................................................... 189 Switzerland ............................................. 190 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 191 Tajikistan ................................................ 192 Thailand .................................................. 193 The frmr. Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia 194 Timor-Leste ............................................. 195 Togo ........................................................ 196 Tonga ...................................................... 197 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 198 Tunisia ..................................................... 199 Turkey ...................................................... 200 Turkmenistan .......................................... 201 Tuvalu ...................................................... 202 Uganda .................................................... 203 Ukraine .................................................... 204 United Arab Emirates ............................. 205 United Kingdom ...................................... 206 United Republic of Tanzania ................. 207 United States of America ...................... 208 United States Virgin Islands .................. 209 Uruguay ................................................... 210 Uzbekistan .............................................. 211 Vanuatu ................................................... 212 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ....... 213 Viet Nam ................................................. 214 Western Sahara ..................................... 215 Yemen ..................................................... 216 Zambia .................................................... 217 Zimbabwe ............................................... 218

ix

Introduction

The objective of the World Statistics Pocketbook is to provide users with a selection of key statistical indicators in a convenient country profile format.

Given the growing need of users for data comparability across time and countries, relevant comparisons are made possible by the use of international classifications and standard systems. In the past four decades, considerable progress has been made towards standardization of statistical definitions worldwide, for example in the wide scope of topics covered by the 1968 and 1993 versions of the System of National Accounts1, the United Nations Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses2 and the recommendations on statistics of the International Labour Organization among others. The internationally recommended definitions used in the present publication are given in the Data dictionary section with citations to the original sources.

In addition, the section Technical notes contains information on the sources for the indicators presented. In general, brief descriptions of the concepts and methodologies used in the compilation of the indicators are also included.

Readers interested in more detailed time-series data should consult the References and Sources at the back of this publication. An Index of indicator notes and definitions is available to assist users in finding relevant information on the indicators presented in this publication.

The World Statistics Pocketbook is prepared by the Statistical Services Branch of the Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. The programme manager is Mary Jane Holupka, the editor is Andrei Barac, and the software developer is Salomon Cameo. Also contributing to the production of this issue was the Branch’s fall 2008 intern, Liza Kasmara.

Comments on this publication are welcome and may be sent to [email protected]. 1 United Nations, Commission of the European Communities, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Bank (1994), System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA 1993) ( joint publication, United Nations publication Sales No.E.94.XVII.4). 2 United Nations (2008), Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses , United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, Series M, No. 67, Rev. 2 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.07.XVII.8).

xi

Symbols and abbreviations ... Data not available

– Magnitude zero

< Magnitude not zero, but less than half of the unit employed

–< Magnitude not zero, but negative and less than half of the unit employed

km Kilometre

000 MT Thousand metric tons

p.a. Per annum

. Decimal figures are always preceded by a period (.)

°C Degrees Celsius

°F Degrees Fahrenheit

Conversion coefficients and factors The metric system of weights and measures has been employed in the World Statistics Pocketbook. The following shows the equivalents of the basic, British Imperial and United States weights and measures: Area 1 square kilometre = 0.386102 square mile Weight or mass 1 ton = 1.102311 short tons or = 0.987207 long ton 1 kilogram = 35.273962 avdp. ounces = 2.204623 avdp. pounds Distance 1 kilometre = 0.621371 mile 1 millimetre = 0.039 inches Temperature °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9

Country and area tables

��Region South-central Asia

Currency Afghani (AFN) a

Surface area (square kms) 652 090Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 27 145

Population density in 2007 (per square km) 41.6Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kabul (3 277)

United Nations membership date 19 November 1946Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 713 6 840 9 359Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –3.5 14.5 12.4GDP per capita (current US$) 130.8 272.9 344.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 130.8 272.9 344.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 21.3 21.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 61.63 49.49 49.96Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 95 114 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 8.5 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 27.0 28.2 28.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.5 87.6 88.6Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) c 136 77 77d

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 4.4 17.5Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... 1.0 2.1Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e

Exports 365.0 Pakistan 81.6 Japan 18.7Imports 2 218.0 India 6.3 Pakistan 17.8

Russian Federation 3.6 China 14.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 46.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.1/3.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 107.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 43.8/43.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 157.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 7.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 18.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 23.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 535 632Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 45.7/82.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 20.4/79.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.9/74.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 32Forested area (% of land area) 1.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 693/0.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 12.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 312Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.3/19.6aa Beginning October 2002, 1 new Afghani (AFN) = 1000 old Afghani (AFA). bb Principal rate. cc UNSDestimates. dd 2006. ee 2005. ff Age group 10 to 49 years.

3

��Region Southern Europe

Currency Lek (ALL)Surface area (square kms) 28 748

Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 190Population density in 2007 (per square km) 111.0

Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tirana (406)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 640 8 184 10 718Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.7 5.8 6.0GDP per capita (current US$) 1 181.7 2 595.1 3 359.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 214.9 2 646.0 3 441.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.7 36.3 36.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 143.71 99.87 90.43Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –156 –571 –831Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 123Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 108 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 16.8 14.1 13.8d

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 50.2 49.9 50.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.4 71.3 71.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 317 748 1 127Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 730 949 975d

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 5.9 60.2 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 6.0 15.0d

Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)

Exports 1 077.7 Italy 68.1 Italy 27.1Imports 4 200.9 Greece 8.3 Greece 14.6

Serbia 6.7 Turkey 7.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 15.1/13.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.7/73.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 75.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 46.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) g 2.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 101Government education expenditure (% of GDP) h 2.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 84.4/87.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 62.1/37.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 24.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 7.1/92.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 52Forested area (% of land area) 29.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 499/1.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 497.0aa Market rate. bb Employment office records. cc December. dd 2006. ee Visitors and other travellers. ff Agegroup 15 to 44 years. gg Data refer to foreign citizens. hh UNESCO estimate. ii World Association ofNewspapers.

4

�� Region Northern Africa

Currency Dinar (DZD)Surface area (square kms) 2 381 741


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Algiers (3 354)United Nations membership date 8 October 1962

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 54 790 102 334 132 453Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.2 5.3 4.6GDP per capita (current US$) 1 796.1 3 114.8 3 912.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 719.7 2 975.2 3 728.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 22.3 24.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 75.26 73.28 69.29Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 123Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 104 102Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 122 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 95 123 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 27.3c 15.3 13.8Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 24.3c 26.0d ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 21.1c 20.7d ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 31.2 35.0 36.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.8 78.2 77.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ef 866 1 443 1 743Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 175 104 199 780 203 933g

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 6.1 49.3 90.5Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 5.8 10.3Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 60 163.2 United States 30.1 France 16.7Imports 27 631.2 Italy 13.2 Italy 8.7

Spain 8.9 China 8.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.1/6.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.7/70.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 31.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 64.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) h 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR i 95 735Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1j

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) k 96.0/96.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.8/45.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.5/93.5l

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 75Forested area (% of land area) 1.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 137 536/4.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 414.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 598Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.9/23.7aa Official rate. bb September. cc 2001. dd 2004. ee Visitors. ff Includes nationals residing abroad. gg 2006.h Data refer to foreign citizens. ii According to the Government of Algeria, there are an estimated 165,000Sahrawi refugees in the Tindouf camps. jj 1991. kk UNESCO estimate. ll Based on 2007 data for LowerHouse and 2006 data for Upper House or Senate.

5

�� Region Oceania-Polynesia

Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)Surface area (square kms) 199

Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 67Population density in 2007 (per square km) 335.8

Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Pago Pago (58)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Consumer price index (2000=100) a 100 122 126b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 44 24 25b

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 21.4 20.3c ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) def 2.0g

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) de 38.8g

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) de 5.7/5.1g

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) def 104.4g

Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) h 75.9/69.3g

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) hi 11.9j

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) h 4.0g

Urban population in 2007 (%) 92.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 41.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 77Forested area (% of land area) 89.4aa Excludes rent. bb 2006. cc 2004. dd De jure population count. ee Data compiled by the United NationsDemographic Yearbook system. ff Refers to the latest available census. gg 2000. hh Published by theSecretariat of the Pacific Community. ii Rate based on 30 or fewer events. jj 2001-2005.

6

��Region Southern Europe

Currency Euro (EUR)Surface area (square kms) 468


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Andorra la Vella (24)United Nations membership date 28 July 1993

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 134 2 540 3 245Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.2 5.9 1.4GDP per capita (current US$) 17 058.1 34 562.5 43 503.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 17 058.1 34 562.5 43 503.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 29.4 31.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100c 115 123Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 949 2 418 2 189Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 87.6 148.9 141.6Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 10.6 44.7 78.9Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d

Exports 150.5 Spain 69.6 ...Imports 1 761.7 France 15.1 ...

Germany 6.2 ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) ef 0.4d

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) ef 14.9d

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) ef 16.7/15.7d

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) ef 109.8d

Urban population in 2007 (%) 89.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.6International migrant stock (% of total population) g 64.4Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 88.5/86.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.1/46.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.0/75.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 9Forested area (% of land area) 35.6aa Market rate. bb Index base 2001=100. cc 2001. dd 2006. ee De facto estimate. ff Data compiled by theUnited Nations Demographic Yearbook system. gg Data refer to foreign citizens. hh National estimate.

7

��Region Middle Africa

Currency Kwanza (AOA)Surface area (square kms) 1 246 700


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Luanda (4 000)United Nations membership date 1 December 1976

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 9 133 30 629 52 237Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.1 20.6 21.1GDP per capita (current US$) 655.6 1 903.0 3 068.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 535.0 1 666.7 2 677.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 8.1 12.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 10.04 87.16 76.71Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 796 5 138 10 690b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 1 846 2 348d

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 147 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 148 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 73.0 73.8 74.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 90.8 89.7 89.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 51 210 195Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 37 310 63 186 71 197b

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 11.0 15.0b

Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.5 0.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 45.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.5/3.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 44.3/41.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 131.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 6.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 55.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 27 007Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 31.3/37.0f

Third-level students (women and men, % of total) g 39.9/60.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 2.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 37.3/62.7h

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 89Forested area (% of land area) 47.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 8 992/0.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 257.0Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.3/27.7aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Luanda. dd Series linked to former series. ee UNESCO estimate. ff 1999. gg Nationalestimate. hh 2008.

8

��Region Caribbean

Currency E.C. Dollar (XCD)Surface area (square kms) 442


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) St. John's (26)United Nations membership date 11 November 1981

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 665 873 1 089Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.5 4.7 6.1GDP per capita (current US$) 8 664.8 10 517.9 12 799.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 8 085.0 10 051.9 12 146.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 48.0 58.7 50.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.70 2.70 2.70Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –67 –171 –402Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 108 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 14.6c ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 2.6c ... ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 207 267 273e

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 78.8 150.3 179.0e

Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.5 35.6 72.3Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 98.6 Netherlands Antilles 30.9 United States 58.2Imports 573.1 United States 23.5 United Kingdom 6.4

Barbados 8.2 Japan 4.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fg 1.2h

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 28.3h

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) fg 9.8/8.8h

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fg 88.5h

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) g 20.7i

Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) j 52.6k

Urban population in 2007 (%) 30.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 23.6Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.7/83.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 38Forested area (% of land area) 21.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 421/5.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) l 1 695.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 052Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.9/29.6aa Official rate. bb May. cc 2001. dd Excludes nationals residing abroad. ee 2006. ff De facto estimate. gg Datacompiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. hh 2005. ii 1991-1995. jj Age group 15to 44 years. kk 1988. ll UNSD estimates.

9

�� Region South America

Currency Argentine Peso (ARS)Surface area (square kms) 2 780 400


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Buenos Aires (12 795)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 284 346 183 196 262 327Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.8 9.2 8.7GDP per capita (current US$) 7 706.7 4 728.0 6 636.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 7 502.1 4 567.7 6 304.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 21.5 23.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.00 2.90 3.10Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –8 981 5 236 7 466Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 162 195Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 117 140Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 15.0ef 10.6egh 9.5ghij

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 22.7ek 23.5eg 23.7gij

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 0.7ek 1.1eg 0.8gij

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.1 48.9 49.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.1 75.9 75.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 909 3 823 4 562Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 81 808 85 423 88 438i


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 55 779.6 Brazil 18.8 Brazil 32.8Imports 44 707.0 China 9.3 United States 12.0

United States 7.8 China 11.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.9/13.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.1/71.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) l 65.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 91.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 350Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.3/96.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.7/41.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) m 35.5Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.6/9.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 39.8/60.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 203Forested area (% of land area) 12.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 152 712/3.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 795.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 215Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 13.5/22.5aa Official rate. bb Metropolitan areas. cc Manufacturing. dd Age group 10 years and over. ee 28 urbanagglomerations. ff May and October. gg Second semester. hh Methodology revised, data not strictlycomparable. ii 2006. jj 31 urban agglomerations. kk Average of April and November. ll Sample of all sexuallyactive women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. mm World Association of Newspapers.

10

�� Region Western Asia

Currency Dram (AMD)Surface area (square kms) 29 743


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Yerevan (1 103)United Nations membership date 2 March 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 912 4 901 9 177Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.9 14.0 11.1GDP per capita (current US$) 620.2 1 623.9 3 056.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 612.6 1 570.9 2 957.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 29.8 34.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 539.53 457.69 342.08Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –278 –52 –571Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117b 126Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 123 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 124 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 11.7 8.2 7.1Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 23.1e 15.9f 15.6fg

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.4e 46.2f 46.2fg

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.9 55.0 55.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.5 66.6 67.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 45 319 381g

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 281 386 393g

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 17.9 30.3 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.3 5.3 5.7g


Exports 1 121.2 Russian Federation 17.7 Russian Federation 15.8Imports 3 052.6 Germany 15.0 Ukraine 8.2

Netherlands 13.9 Kazakhstan 7.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 18.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.5/13.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 86.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.1/68.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 28.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 53.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 63.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 664Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.2/89.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.5/45.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 7.6Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.5/3.3h

Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.4/91.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 37Forested area (% of land area) 10.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 346/1.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 682.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 277Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.5/18.2aa Official rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Official estimates. dd Age group 16 to 63 years. ee 2001.f Age group not specified. gg 2006. hh Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

11


Currency Aruban Guilder (AWG)Surface area (square kms) 180


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Oranjestad (32)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 874 2 323 2 624Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.5 1.0 2.1GDP per capita (current US$) 20 739.6 22 579.0 25 252.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 19 604.9 21 207.9 23 762.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 31.3 33.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.79 1.79 1.79Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 211 –203 213b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 128Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 721 733 772Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) c 120 120 120b



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 98.1 Panama 29.7 United States 54.4Imports 1 114.4 Colombia 17.0 Netherlands 11.7

Netherlands Antilles 13.2 United Kingdom 4.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.0d

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 14.0/11.0d

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.1/71.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) e 17.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 46.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 31.9Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 108.2/108.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 60.3/39.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 22Forested area (% of land area) 2.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 308/22.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 2 487.0aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc UNSD estimates. dd 2007. ee Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

12

��Region Oceania

Currency Australian Dollar (AUD)Surface area (square kms) 7 703 581

Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 20 743 a

Population density in 2007 (per square km) 2.7Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Sydney (4 327)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 399 612 738 812 945 674Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.9 3.0 3.9GDP per capita (current US$) 20 879.8 36 376.4 45 589.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 20 312.2 34 914.2 43 536.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 27.0 27.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 1.72 1.31 1.20Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –14 763 –41 032 –56 783Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 116 123Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 107 112Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 98 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 101 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 6.4 5.0e 4.4Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.8fg 21.1fg 21.2h

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.0fg 3.6fg 3.4h

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.7 57.0 57.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.4 72.2 71.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ij 4 931 5 499 5 644Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 222 154 265 665 266 467k


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 139 122.2 Japan 19.0 China 15.5Imports 155 656.8 China 14.1 United States 12.9

Korea, Republic of 8.0 Japan 9.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 1.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 18.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) a 23.8/20.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 99.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) a 83.6/78.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 4.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) lm 70.8Urban population in 2007 (%) a 88.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 1.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a –0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 21.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 23 680Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 124.5/128.5Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.9/45.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) n 155.1Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/1.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 29.6/70.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 788Forested area (% of land area) o 21.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 368 859/18.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 720.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 222Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 13.7/21.6aa Includes Christmas, Cocos (Keeling) and Norfolk Islands. bb Market rate. cc Annualized average of 12months ending 30 June of the year stated. dd Feb., May, Aug. and Nov. ee Methodology revised in 2001.f August. gg Excludes Jervis Bay Territory. hh Average of Feb., May, Aug. and Nov. ii Visitors. jj Excludesnationals residing abroad and crew members. kk 2006. ll Sample of all women of reproductive age,regardless of marital status. mm 16 to 59 years. nn World Association of Newspapers. oo FAO estimate.

13

��Region Western Europe

Currency Euro (EUR)Surface area (square kms) 83 871


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Vienna (2 315)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 193 838 305 091 373 327Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.4 2.0 3.4GDP per capita (current US$) 23 897.0 36 793.6 44 652.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 23 437.4 36 415.1 44 138.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 20.4 20.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –4 864 4 252 12 031Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 115Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 117 132Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 99 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 3.6b 5.2c 4.4Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 30.6d 27.6d 27.3Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.9d 5.5d 5.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.3 51.3 52.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.5 67.6 67.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 17 982 19 952 20 766Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 6 877 5 951 6 206f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 156 588.4 Germany 30.1 Germany 41.5Imports 156 055.7 Italy 8.9 Italy 6.9

United States 5.1 Switzerland 4.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.8/22.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.6/76.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) g 50.8h

Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 15.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 69 687Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.4/103.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.8/46.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 311.4Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/0.8i

Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 26.6/73.4j

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 70Forested area (% of land area) 46.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 73 602/8.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 507.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 620Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.7/14.5aa Market rate. bb May and November. cc Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. dd Averageof quarterly estimates. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments.f 2006. gg Age group 20 to 49 years. hh 1995/96. ii Rate based on 30 or fewer events. jj 2008.

14


Currency Azerbaijan Manat (AZN) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 97.8Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Baku (1 892)

United Nations membership date 2 March 1992Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 273 13 245 31 249Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 11.1 26.5 25.1GDP per capita (current US$) 647.5 1 585.9 3 690.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 635.9 1 405.0 3 248.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 41.3 21.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 0.80 0.84 0.86Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –168 167 9 019Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 125 158Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 136 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 137 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 1.2 1.4 1.2Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 10.9 12.1 12.6Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 41.0 39.3 38.6Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.0 59.3 60.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 70.7 70.2 70.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 681 1 177 1 333Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 19 419 27 652 38 598h


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 6 058.3 Turkey 17.4 Russian Federation 17.6Imports 5 712.2 Italy 15.5 Turkey 10.9

Russian Federation 8.7 Germany 8.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.7/8.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 71.2/63.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 72.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) i 55.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 691 522Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 85.2/88.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 47.5/52.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 16.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.4/88.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 40Forested area (% of land area) 11.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 36 629/4.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 709.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 210Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.0/18.9aa Beginning January 2006, 1 new Manat (AZN) = 5000 old Manats (AZM). bb Official rate. cc Employmentoffice records. dd December. ee Men aged 15 to 61 years. Women aged 15 to 56 years. ff Data for malesrefers to ages 15-61 and data for females to ages 15-56. gg Visitors. hh 2006. ii Age group 15 to 44 years.j World Association of Newspapers.

15


Currency Bahamian Dollar (BSD)Surface area (square kms) 13 878


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nassau (240)United Nations membership date 18 September 1973

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 004 5 986 6 586Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.9 2.5 3.1GDP per capita (current US$) 16 505.7 18 516.1 19 880.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 15 925.4 17 838.0 19 129.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.6 33.0 31.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.00 1.00 1.00Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –633 –751 –1 432Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 111 116Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 89 105 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 89 105 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 6.9d 10.2 7.9Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 17.0d 17.8 17.9Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 4.2d 3.5 2.3Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 66.4 66.8 67.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.3 78.4 77.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 544 1 608 1 528Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 48.4 111.7 153.0Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 4.4 31.9 36.2Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 670.0 United States 71.6 United States 88.5Imports 3 102.6 Canada 5.7 Netherlands Antilles 2.8

Netherlands 5.6 Venezuela 2.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 25.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.3/9.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.3/70.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) e 61.7f

Urban population in 2007 (%) 83.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<International migrant stock (% of total population) 9.7Government education expenditure (% of GDP) g 3.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.7/94.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.0/75.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 54Forested area (% of land area) 51.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 107/6.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 2 160.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 389Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.8/28.8aa Principal rate. bb New Providence. cc April. dd 2001. ee Age group 15 to 44 years. ff 1988. gg UNESCOestimate. hh UNSD estimates.

16

��Region Western Asia

Currency Bahraini Dinar (BHD)Surface area (square kms) 741

Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 753Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1 015.2

Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Manama (157)United Nations membership date 21 September 1971

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 028 13 460 19 664Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.4 7.9 6.6GDP per capita (current US$) 12 348.6 18 570.7 26 126.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 12 004.5 18 000.4 24 984.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 23.0 22.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 0.38 0.38 0.38Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 830 1 474 2 907Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 105 107b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 131 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 95 131 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.0c ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.5c ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.0 33.5 33.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.1 85.3 84.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 420 3 914 4 519b

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 17 955 17 083 17 324b



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 13 664.9 ... ...Imports 11 515.1 ... ...

... ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) d 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.0/5.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) d 133.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.5/74.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.8e

Urban population in 2007 (%) 88.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4International migrant stock (% of total population) f 39.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 35Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9g

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 111.8/110.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 68.3/31.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.8/86.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 30Forested area (% of land area) 0.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 19 668/27.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 12 458.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 71Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.0/30.1aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc 2001. dd Includes guest workers. ee 1995. ff Data refer to foreign citizens. gg 1991.

17

�� Region South-central Asia

Currency Taka (BDT)Surface area (square kms) 143 998

Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 158 665Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1 101.9

Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dhaka (13 485)United Nations membership date 17 September 1974

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 45 470 57 628 67 876Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.9 6.0 6.5GDP per capita (current US$) 326.1 376.0 427.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 338.1 395.2 461.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 24.5 24.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 52.14 64.33 68.87Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –306 –176 857Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 127 148Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 138 165Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 110 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 110 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 3.3 4.3 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 10.3 14.5 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 62.1 48.1 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.8 56.7 57.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.8 85.9 84.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 199 208 200e

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 8 380 12 225 13 191e



Exports 11 696.7 United States 26.7 China 16.4Imports 15 688.5 Germany 15.0 India 12.0

United Kingdom 9.0 Kuwait 9.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 33.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.8/6.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 104.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.0/63.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 52.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 58.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 26.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 27 626Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 70.1/67.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 33.5/66.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 109Forested area (% of land area) 6.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 39 952/0.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 120.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 154Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.5/30.6aa Principal rate. bb Government officials. cc Annualized average of 12 months ending 30 June of the yearstated. dd Year ending in June of the year indicated. ee 2006. ff Age group 10 to 49 years.

18


Currency Barbadian Dollar (BBD)Surface area (square kms) 430


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bridgetown (116)United Nations membership date 9 December 1966

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 559 3 083 3 729Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.3 4.1 4.2GDP per capita (current US$) 8 933.2 10 560.5 12 687.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 8 616.9 10 145.6 12 178.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 19.6 18.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.00 2.00 2.00Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –146 –387 ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 126Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 97 98Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 105 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 105 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 9.4 9.8b ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 20.4 17.3b ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 3.7 3.3b ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 65.9 67.0 66.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.7 79.0 79.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 545 548 575Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 114 90 77c

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 56.9 126.8 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.7 59.5 ...Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 314.2 Trinidad and Tobago 27.8 United States 43.7Imports 1 298.7 United States 14.2 United Kingdom 7.8

United Kingdom 9.1 Trinidad and Tobago 7.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.3/12.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.8/74.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 10.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) d 55.0e

Urban population in 2007 (%) 39.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.9Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.7/102.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 70.7/29.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.7/86.3f

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 35Forested area (% of land area) 4.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 315/4.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 451.0aa Official rate. bb 2004. cc 2006. dd Age group 15 to 44 years. ee 1988. ff 2008.

19

� ��Region Eastern Europe

Currency Belarusian Ruble (BYR)Surface area (square kms) 207 600


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Minsk (1 805)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 10 418 30 210 44 773Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.8 9.4 8.2GDP per capita (current US$) 1 036.4 3 084.1 4 621.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 032.1 3 089.8 4 580.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 26.5 30.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 876.75 2 153.82 2 146.08Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –338 436 –3 060Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 384 446Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 153 184Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 118 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 118 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bcd 2.1 1.5 1.0Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.0 53.5 53.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.6 65.5 65.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 60 91 105Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 551 2 524 2 469f

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 27.9 75.7 96.2f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 24 275.2 Russian Federation 36.6 Russian Federation 60.0Imports 28 693.1 Netherlands 17.6 Germany 7.6

United Kingdom 6.3 Ukraine 5.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 25.4/14.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 86.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.2/63.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 9.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) <Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 11 100Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.4/95.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.8/43.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 81.3Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 6.1/14.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 32.5/67.5g

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 17Forested area (% of land area) 38.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 63 299/6.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 650.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 677Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 2.1/9.9aa Official rate. bb Employment office records. cc December. dd Men aged 16 to 59 years. Women aged 16to 54 years. ee Organized tourism. ff 2006. gg 2008.

20

� ��Region Western Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Brussels (1 744)United Nations membership date 27 December 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 231 934 375 524 454 580Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 1.7 2.7GDP per capita (current US$) 22 754.0 36 114.8 43 469.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 23 268.7 36 315.4 43 943.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.8 20.3 21.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 11 611b 9 945 9 121Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 115Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 105 113Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 97 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 97 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 7.0 8.5 7.5Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.3c 24.7c 24.7d

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.8c 2.0c 2.0d

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 43.5 45.6 45.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 61.4 60.5 60.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 6 457 6 747 7 045Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 392 4 292 4 212d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 430 822.1 Germany 19.7 Germany 17.8Imports 413 371.3 France 16.7 Netherlands 17.6

Netherlands 11.9 France 11.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.7/22.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.3/76.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.6Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 78.4g

Urban population in 2007 (%) 97.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9International migrant stock (% of total population) h 9.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 33 290Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.9/107.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.7/45.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 164.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 36.2/63.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 27Forested area (% of land area) 22.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 102 599/9.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 4 221.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 820Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.7/13.9aa Market rate. bb 2002. cc May. dd 2006. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodationestablishments. ff Age group 21 to 39 years. gg 1991/92. hh Data refer to foreign citizens. ii World Asso-ciation of Newspapers.

21

� �� Region Central America

Currency Belize Dollar (BZD)Surface area (square kms) 22 966


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Belize City (66)United Nations membership date 25 September 1981

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 832 1 115 1 274Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 12.9 3.1 1.3GDP per capita (current US$) 3 399.6 4 045.8 4 429.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 137.4 3 600.4 3 947.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 18.5 17.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.00 2.00 2.00Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –162 –151 –43Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 121Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 116 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 116 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 9.1d 11.0 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 17.9b ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 19.5b ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 39.6 44.9 45.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.8 81.0 80.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 196 237 256Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) e 8 9 9f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 266.6 United States 26.8 United States 33.9Imports 684.3 United Kingdom 18.0 Cuba 11.4

Panama 14.3 Panama 9.7Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 15.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 360Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.3/102.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 70.2/29.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 85Forested area (% of land area) 72.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 817/3.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 946.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 014Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.5/30.0aa Official rate. bb April. cc Age group 14 years and over. dd 2001. ee UNSD estimates. ff 2006. gg Age group15 to 44 years. hh 1999. ii 2008.

22

� ��Region Western Africa

Currency CFA Franc (XOF)Surface area (square kms) 112 622


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Cotonou (762)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 359 4 358 5 579Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.9 2.9 6.0GDP per capita (current US$) 326.4 513.3 617.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 310.3 501.6 610.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 19.4 19.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –111 –270 ...Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 115 121Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 120 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 123 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 58.1 58.1 58.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.6 86.3 85.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 96 176c 186c

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 35 0 0d



Exports 288.2 China 36.2 France 18.4Imports 898.7 India 6.9 China 8.8

Nigeria 5.8 Ghana 7.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 43.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.4/3.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 57.8/55.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 98.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 17.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 40.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3International migrant stock (% of total population) f 2.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 8 157Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 54.5/74.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) g 19.8/80.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) <Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.8/89.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 47Forested area (% of land area) 21.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 565/0.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 120.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 308Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.3/30.1aa Official rate. bb Cotonou. cc Country estimates. dd 2006. ee 2005. ff Data refer to foreign-born and foreigncitizens. gg UNESCO estimate.

23

� ��Region Northern America

Currency Bermudian Dollar (BMD)Surface area (square kms) 54


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Hamilton (11)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 476 4 857 5 581Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.1 4.6 4.2GDP per capita (current US$) 55 294.0 75 684.9 86 449.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 56 343.9 73 678.9 84 158.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 24.1 24.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.00 1.00 1.00Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 116 124Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 93 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 93 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 3.0 ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 14.8b ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.4b ... ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 332 270 306Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 109.9 163.9 182.9e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports ... ... United States 72.2Imports 1 133.1 ... Canada 7.3

... Venezuela 7.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fg 0.3e

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) gh 18.0e

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) gh 18.6/14.9e

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fg 92.4e

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) g 1.6i

Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 30.7Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) j 89.4/94.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 71.1/28.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 263.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 51Forested area (% of land area) 20.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 572/8.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 2 954.0aa Pegged to the US Dollar. bb May. cc Population census. dd Air arrivals. ee 2006. ff De jure estimate. gg Datacompiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. hh De jure population count. ii 2003. jjNational estimate. kk UNSD estimates.

24


Currency Ngultrum (BTN)Surface area (square kms) 38 394


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Phuntsholing (106)United Nations membership date 21 September 1971

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 446 837 1 305Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.6 6.5 22.4GDP per capita (current US$) 799.1 1 314.1 1 981.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 798.2 1 293.1 1 950.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.2 51.1 51.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 44.94 44.10 41.35Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 123b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 92 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 92 102 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 17.2c ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 43.6c ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 23.9 37.4 43.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.3 81.4 79.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 8 14 21Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 191d 262 296b

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.2 8.5 20.6Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.3 3.1 4.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.1/7.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 112.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.5/64.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 45.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 30.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 33.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.7Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 32.7/67.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.9/86.1e

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 55Forested area (% of land area) 68.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 414/0.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 236.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) f 799Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) f 14.0/24.3aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc May. dd UNSD estimates. ee Based on 2008 data for Lower House and 2007 datafor Upper House or Senate. ff Wangdi Phodrang.

25

��Region South America

Currency Boliviano (BOB)Surface area (square kms) 1 098 581


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) La Paz (1 590)United Nations membership date 14 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 398 9 549 13 120Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.5 4.4 4.6GDP per capita (current US$) 1 009.8 1 040.0 1 377.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 982.7 1 007.6 1 355.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 13.0 16.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 6.18 8.07 7.85Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –446 622 1 800Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 117 132Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 108 117d

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 116 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 116 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ef 4.8 ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 28.2be ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 4.9be ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.8 65.1 65.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.1 81.7 82.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 319 524 556Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 779 13 220 14 151d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 4 812.7 Brazil 36.7 Brazil 20.2Imports 3 522.0 Argentina 8.7 Argentina 16.9

United States 8.6 United States 11.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.3/6.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.7/63.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 45.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 58.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 65.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 794Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.4/97.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.6/85.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 161Forested area (% of land area) 54.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 9 252/1.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 381.0aa Market rate. bb Urban areas. cc Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. dd 2006. eeNovember. ff Age group 10 years and over.

26

�� Region Southern Europe

Currency Convertible Marka (BAM)Surface area (square kms) 51 197


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Sarajevo (376)United Nations membership date 22 May 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 528 10 763 14 771Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.4 3.9 18.7GDP per capita (current US$) 1 195.5 2 749.0 3 753.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 488.3 2 860.6 3 907.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 28.9 26.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.12 1.57 1.43Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –396 –1 913 –1 939Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 90 110 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 90 110 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ... ... 31.1b

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.4 53.0 52.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.9 67.2 66.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 171 217 306Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 5 244 5 938 6 300b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 4 152.0 Croatia 18.4 Croatia 17.6Imports 9 720.1 Serbia 13.7 Germany 12.5

Italy 13.1 Serbia 10.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.9/18.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.4/72.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 35.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 46.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) d 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 146 586Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.3/87.7e

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 51Forested area (% of land area) 43.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 26 275/6.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 994.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 931Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.8/15.0aa Market rate. bb 2006. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments.d Estimates. ee Based on 2006 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate.

27

��Region Southern Africa

Currency Pula (BWP)Surface area (square kms) 582 000


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Gaborone (224)United Nations membership date 17 October 1966

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 889 9 113 10 798Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.6 9.5 6.2GDP per capita (current US$) 2 827.9 4 963.8 5 739.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 657.6 4 445.1 5 266.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 22.7 19.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 5.10 5.11 6.14Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 545 1 597 1 940b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 146 175Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 107 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 15.8 23.8d 17.6b

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 20.9 15.2 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 19.7 29.9 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.3 48.1 48.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 69.0 62.7 63.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 104 1 675 ...Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 21.8 39.7 83.1Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.0 3.4 4.3Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 5 072.5 United Kingdom 65.0 South Africa 83.5Imports 3 986.9 South Africa 10.2 China 1.8

Norway 8.1 Belgium 1.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.8/4.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 50.7/50.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 46.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 44.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 58.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) e 5.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 942Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.4/93.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 49.8/50.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 41.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 15Forested area (% of land area) 21.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 554/2.5aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Age group 12 years and over. dd 2003. ee Data refer to foreign citizens.

28

��Region South America

Currency Real (BRL)Surface area (square kms) 8 514 877


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) São Paulo (18 845)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 644 729 882 044 1 314 199Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.3 3.2 4.4GDP per capita (current US$) 3 701.9 4 721.1 6 852.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 599.6 4 585.7 6 680.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 15.9 18.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.83 2.43 1.95Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –24 225 13 984 1 460Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 151 164Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 117 127Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 125 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 124 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 9.4de 9.3 8.4f

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.2g 21.4bc 21.4bcf

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 18.5g 20.5bc 19.3bcf

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.8 58.1 59.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.9 81.8 81.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 313 5 358 5 026Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 107 741 139 024 146 068f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 160 648.9 United States 15.8 United States 15.7Imports 120 620.9 Argentina 9.0 China 10.5

China 6.7 Argentina 8.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.7/9.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.1/68.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 23.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 76.7h

Urban population in 2007 (%) 85.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 21 210Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 118.7/115.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.9/44.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 35.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.4/90.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 738Forested area (% of land area) 57.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 325 488/1.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 824.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 455Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 15.5/24.9aa Market rate. bb September. cc Age group 10 years and over. dd 2001. ee Excludes rural population ofRondônia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Pará and Amapá. ff 2006. gg August. hh 1996.

29




Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Road Town (9)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 784 972 1 156Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.7 9.2 9.5GDP per capita (current US$) 38 202.9 44 149.7 51 273.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 35 717.8 41 560.7 47 997.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.1 24.0 24.0Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 272 337 356a

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 93.0b ... ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 18.9b ... ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) cde 1.1f

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) dg 26.0f

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) dg 7.3/7.5f

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) cde 106.1f

Urban population in 2007 (%) 40.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 36.6Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 111.3/108.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) h 68.8/31.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 42Forested area (% of land area) 24.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 88/4.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) i 1 464.0aa 2006. bb 2002. cc De facto population count. dd Data compiled by the United Nations DemographicYearbook system. ee Refers to the latest available census. ff 2001. gg De jure population count. hh UNESCOestimate. ii UNSD estimates.

30

�� Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Brunei Dollar (BND)Surface area (square kms) 5 765


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bandar Seri Begawan (22)United Nations membership date 21 September 1984

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 6 001 9 531 12 388Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 0.4 0.4GDP per capita (current US$) 17 996.5 25 496.6 31 759.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 17 996.5 25 496.6 31 759.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 11.4 11.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.72 1.66 1.51Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 101 101Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 141 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 142 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.4bc ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.4bc ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.2 57.3 58.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.9 76.3 74.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) de 984 815 877Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 20 400 21 309 22 598f


Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 9.0 36.1 41.7f

Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)f (% of exports)f (% of imports)f

Exports 7 636.1 Japan 30.6 Malaysia 21.6Imports 1 676.2 Indonesia 19.8 Singapore 17.4

Korea, Republic of 15.1 Japan 12.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/6.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 106.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.7/75.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 74.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 36.4Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 103.1/101.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 66.1/33.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 68.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 171Forested area (% of land area) 52.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 892/15.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 7 380.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 913Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.3/31.8aa Market rate. bb 2001. cc August. dd Air arrivals. ee Visitors. ff 2006. gg World Association of Newspapers.

31

��Region Eastern Europe

Currency Lev (BGN)Surface area (square kms) 110 912


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Sofia (1 186)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 12 600 27 188 39 551Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.4 6.3 6.2GDP per capita (current US$) 1 574.5 3 510.6 5 177.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 534.7 3 542.7 5 213.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 24.2 29.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.12 1.57 1.43Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –703 –3 347 –8 592Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 130 151Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 152 176Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 97 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 95 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.3b 10.1 6.9Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.3c 34.2 35.5Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 26.2c 8.9 7.5Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 42.6 44.9 45.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 52.6 56.5 56.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 785 4 837 5 151Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 6 269 6 523 6 745d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 18 576.1 Turkey 11.4 Russian Federation 12.5Imports 30 085.8 Italy 10.3 Germany 12.3

Germany 10.3 Italy 8.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 12.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.9/22.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.7/69.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) e 41.5f

Urban population in 2007 (%) 70.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 5 848Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.7/105.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.5/46.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 79.0Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.3/4.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.7/78.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 45Forested area (% of land area) 32.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 44 422/5.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 026.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 571Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.0/15.1aa Market rate. bb June. cc Age group not specified. dd 2006. ee Age group 18 to 45 years. ff 1997.

32

��!��Region Western Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ouagadougou (1 149)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 617 5 614 7 136Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.9 7.1 6.7GDP per capita (current US$) 220.3 402.9 482.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 218.6 392.3 469.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 19.5 20.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –392 ... ...Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 116 118Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 87 119 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 86 109 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 76.5 76.9 77.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 90.3 89.9 89.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 126 245 264d

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) e 9 9 9d

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 5.5 8.2d

Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.5 0.6d


Exports 396.5 Ghana 60.9 Côte d'Ivoire 17.9Imports 1 267.2 France 11.1 France 14.0

Côte d'Ivoire 3.8 Japan 13.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 45.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 53.8/50.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 104.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.0Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 13.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 19.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 133Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 33.5/41.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 31.0/69.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.3/84.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 16Forested area (% of land area) 29.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 744/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 18.0aa Official rate. bb Ouagadougou. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.d 2006. ee UNSD estimates. ff 2004.

33

��Region Eastern Africa

Currency Burundi Franc (BIF)Surface area (square kms) 27 834


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bujumbura (429)United Nations membership date 18 September 1962

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 709 797 1 004Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.9 0.9 5.5GDP per capita (current US$) 106.3 101.4 118.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 104.5 97.3 114.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 7.6 15.5 27.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 720.67 1 081.58 1 081.87Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –103 –226 –276Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 145 161Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 104 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 90.7 89.7 89.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 92.1 90.4 90.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 29 148 201d





Exports 156.2 United Arab Emirates 34.2 Saudi Arabia 27.4Imports 423.0 Switzerland 10.9 Belgium 11.3

Dem. Rep. of Congo 9.4 Uganda 10.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.0/3.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 51.0/48.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 99.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 19.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 10.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 6.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 71 831Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 54.2/61.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 30.6/69.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 31.7/68.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 48Forested area (% of land area) 5.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 224/0.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 9.0aa Official rate. bb Bujumbura. cc Includes nationals residing abroad. dd 2006. ee UNESCO estimate.

34

"��Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Riel (KHR)Surface area (square kms) 181 035


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Phnom Penh (1 466)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 667 6 293 8 639Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.8 13.3 10.2GDP per capita (current US$) 286.9 450.9 598.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 245.7 386.0 515.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 18.9 19.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3 840.75 4 092.50 4 056.17Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –136 –360 –506Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 114 126Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 2.5 ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 8.4 3.5e ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 73.7 39.8e ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 75.4 75.2 74.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 84.5 86.3 86.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 466 1 422 2 015Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4g 4 5h



Exports 2 797.5 United States 46.9 China, Hong Kong SAR 19.9Imports 2 062.7 China, Hong Kong SAR 22.0 China 16.5

Germany 8.5 Thailand 11.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.2/4.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 61.9/57.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 62.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 40.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 20.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) i 2.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 418Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 75.1/84.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 32.8/67.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.8/84.2j

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 193Forested area (% of land area) 59.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 539/0.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 97.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 636Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.8/32.5aa Market rate. bb Phnom Penh. cc November. dd Age group 10 years and over. ee 2004. ff International visitorarrivals by all means of transport. gg UNSD estimates. hh 2006. ii Data refer to foreign citizens. jj Basedon 2008 data for Lower House and 2006 data for Upper House or Senate.

35

"�� Region Middle Africa

Currency CFA Franc (XAF)Surface area (square kms) 475 442


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Douala (1 906)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 9 287 16 648 20 606Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.2 2.2 3.3GDP per capita (current US$) 585.6 935.5 1 110.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 559.9 947.3 1 149.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 17.6 16.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –249 –608b ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 117Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 111 114d

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 108 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) e 7.5f ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 9.1f ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 60.6f ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.5 52.7 52.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.7 76.6 75.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 277 176 185d

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 7 642 4 417 4 646d



Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d

Exports 3 576.4 Spain 25.9 Nigeria 23.3Imports 3 150.5 Italy 23.1 France 17.2

France 10.7 China 6.3Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 514Forested area (% of land area) 45.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 715/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 72.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) h 1 628Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) h 18.6/28.4aa Official rate. bb 2004. cc Annualized average of 12 months beginning 1 July of the year stated. dd 2006.e Household survey. ff 2001. gg Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. hhYaounde.

36

"��Region Northern America

Currency Canadian Dollar (CAD)Surface area (square kms) 9 984 670


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Toronto (5 213)United Nations membership date 9 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 724 914 1 134 776 1 425 778Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.2 3.1 2.7GDP per capita (current US$) 23 621.3 35 164.5 43 368.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 23 006.2 34 536.9 43 045.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 21.0 22.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.49 1.21 1.07Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 19 622 22 179 12 639Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 117Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 102 102Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 108 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 6.8 6.8 6.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 22.5cd 22.0cd 21.6Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 3.3cd 2.7cd 2.5Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 58.6 61.0 62.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.2 72.6 72.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 19 627 18 771 17 931Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 364 260 388 279 397 145e

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 96.0 108.5 117.2Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 42.1 67.9 76.8e


Exports 419 926.4 United States 79.0 United States 54.2Imports 380 259.2 United Kingdom 2.8 China 9.4

China 2.1 Mexico 4.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.3/19.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.9/78.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 74.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 80.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 21.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 213 254Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 107.8/109.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.4/43.6Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 174.6Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.9/2.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 24.9/75.1i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 72Forested area (% of land area) 33.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 537 524/16.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 7 361.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 834Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.6/12.7aa Market rate. bb Excludes residents of the Territories and indigenous persons living on reserves. ccAverage of monthly estimates. dd Excludes the territories of Yukon, North West Territories and Nunavut.e 2006. ff Age group 18 to 44 years. gg UNESCO estimate. hh World Association of Newspapers. ii 2008.

37

"�# �� Region Western Africa

Currency C.V. Escudo (CVE)Surface area (square kms) 4 033


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Praia (126)United Nations membership date 16 September 1975

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 539 1 006 1 426Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.3 6.5 6.9GDP per capita (current US$) 1 196.7 1 985.7 2 689.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 171.0 1 918.8 2 566.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.5 36.7 43.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 119.69 88.67 80.57Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –58 –35 –133Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 105 116Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 95 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 95 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 43.5 44.8 46.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.8 76.6 75.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 115 198 267Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 1 1c

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 17.1 32.2 34.8c


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 114.8 Côte d'Ivoire 30.7 Portugal 40.0Imports 737.0 Portugal 21.6 Netherlands 11.5

Netherlands 15.2 France 9.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/4.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 92.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.5/68.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 24.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 58.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.4Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.4/91.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 52.1/47.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.1/81.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 28Forested area (% of land area) 20.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 286/0.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 209.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) e 70Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) ef 23.5/23.5aa Official rate. bb Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. cc 2006. dd UNSDestimates. ee Sal. ff Refers to average temperature.

38

"�$��Region Caribbean

Currency C.I . Dollar (KYD)Surface area (square kms) 264


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) George Town (28)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 734 2 316 2 701Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.0 6.5 3.8GDP per capita (current US$) 43 097.2 50 797.1 57 221.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 39 039.4 46 014.2 51 833.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 22.4 22.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 0.81 0.81 0.81Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 121Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 7.5b 3.5 3.8Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 22.2c 19.5c

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 1.7c 1.8c

Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 354 168 292Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 115.1 ... ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... 44.4 46.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) ef 1.5g

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) e 15.0g

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) eh 7.6/5.2g

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) ef 103.0g

Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 63.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) i 90.1/99.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 71.6/28.4Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 348.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 33Forested area (% of land area) 48.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 315/6.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) j 3 285.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 435Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.2/32.0aa Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.b 2001. cc October. dd Air arrivals. ee De jure estimate. ff Data compiled by the United Nations DemographicYearbook system. gg 2006. hh Refers to age group 65 and over. ii UNESCO estimate. jj UNSD estimates.

39

" ��% #��Region Middle Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bangui (672)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 959 1 350 1 712Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.3 2.2 4.2GDP per capita (current US$) 248.3 322.1 394.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 251.2 321.7 394.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 9.0 9.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Consumer price index (2000=100) bc 100 112 120Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 111 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 68.4 67.5 67.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.1 87.1 87.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 11 12 14e

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) f 7 7 7e


Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.3 0.3e

Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)g (% of exports)g (% of imports)g

Exports 116.2 Belgium 28.3 Cameroon 15.7Imports 186.3 France 18.7 France 13.8

Switzerland 13.7 Dem. Rep. of Congo 6.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 41.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/5.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 46.1/43.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 96.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.6Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 19.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 38.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5International migrant stock (% of total population) h 1.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 211 523Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 28.7/48.0i

Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 22.5/77.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.5/89.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 28Forested area (% of land area) 36.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 253/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 21.0aa Official rate. bb Excludes rent. cc Bangui. dd Air arrivals to Bangui only. ee 2006. ff UNSD estimates. gg2005. hh Data refer to foreign citizens. ii 1991.

40

"��Region Middle Africa

Currency CFA Franc (XAF)Surface area (square kms) 1 284 000


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) N'Djaména (989)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 385 5 885 7 464Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.5 8.6 0.7GDP per capita (current US$) 163.6 580.1 692.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 184.6 326.1 391.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 21.6 21.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 126 124Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 111 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 109 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 65.0 71.5 71.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.2 77.2 77.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 43 29 25Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) ... 8 808 7 874d



Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 46.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.2/4.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 52.0/49.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 119.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 2.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 26.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 473 024Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 35.1/57.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 12.5/87.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 5.2/94.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 23Forested area (% of land area) 9.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 139/0.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 13.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) g 510Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.8/30.5aa Official rate. bb N'Djaména. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.d 2006. ee UNESCO estimate. ff UNSD estimates. gg January to November only.

41

"�� Region South America

Currency Chilean Peso (CLP)Surface area (square kms) 756 096


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Santiago (5 720)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 75 197 118 250 163 915Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.5 5.6 5.1GDP per capita (current US$) 4 879.2 7 256.8 9 853.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 692.5 6 614.9 9 067.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 21.2 20.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 539.59 559.77 522.46Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –898 1 449 7 200Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 114 123Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 123 131Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 120 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 120 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 8.3 6.9 7.2e

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 23.9f 23.0 23.4Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 13.6f 13.2 12.3Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.7 38.4 39.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.4 72.8 71.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 742 2 027 2 507Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 324 4 925 5 425g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 65 738.9 China 15.2 United States 17.0Imports 42 732.0 United States 12.8 China 11.4

Japan 10.8 Brazil 10.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 16.0/12.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.5/75.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 7.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) h 64.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 88.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 894Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.8/98.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 49.2/50.8Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 50.6Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.3/10.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.7/87.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 141Forested area (% of land area) 21.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 66 121/4.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 478.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 313Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.3/22.5aa Principal rate. bb Santiago. cc Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. dd Fourth quarter.e Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. ff 2001. gg 2006. hh Age group 15 to 44 years. ii Doesnot include newspapers in remote areas.

42

"��Region Eastern Asia

Currency Yuan (CNY) b

Surface area (square kms) 9 596 961Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 328 630

Population density in 2007 (per square km) 138.4Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Shanghai (14 987)

United Nations membership date 24 October 1945Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 192 836 2 302 718 3 400 351Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.4 10.2 11.4GDP per capita (current US$) 956.0 1 784.8 2 604.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 948.8 1 747.4 2 558.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.3 41.0 41.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) c 8.28 8.19 7.61Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 20 518 160 818 371 833Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 107 114Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 121 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 121 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) def 3.1 4.2 4.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) egh 17.3 ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) egh 46.3 ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 72.7 71.0 70.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.6 80.0 79.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 31 229 46 809 54 720Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 863 675 1 366 651 1 460 396i


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 217 776.0 United States 19.1 Japan 14.0Imports 955 955.9 China, Hong Kong SAR 15.1 Korea, Republic of 10.9

Japan 8.4 China 9.0j

Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.8/12.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 106.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.8/71.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 23.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 86.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) k 0.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 301 171Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.9l

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 90.5/90.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 47.1/52.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) m 74.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.3/78.7n

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 816Forested area (% of land area) 21.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 547 758/4.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 153.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 112Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.5/19.9aa For statistical purposes the data for China do not include those for Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province of China, except for statisticsrelating to population of Taiwan Province. bb Also referred to as Renminbi (RMB). cc Principal rate. ddUrban areas. ee December. ff Official estimates. gg Excludes reemployed retired persons. hh Age group notspecified. ii 2006. jj Data refer to inward processing, i.e. minor processing or, in general, operationswhich do not change the country of origin. When these goods come back they are recorded as re-importsand the country of origin is the country itself. kk Estimates. ll 1999. mm World Association of Newspapers.n 2008.

43

"��&��'��%�Region Eastern Asia

Currency Hong Kong Dollar (HKD)Surface area (square kms) 1 099


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Hong Kong (7 206)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 169 121 177 831 206 706Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.0 7.1 6.5GDP per capita (current US$) 25 385.3 25 197.7 28 684.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 25 553.9 25 227.7 29 414.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 20.9 20.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 7.79 7.78 7.80Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 6 993 20 181 28 046Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 94c 97Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 96 96Unemployment (% of labour force) e 4.9 5.6 4.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 20.3 15.0 14.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 0.3 0.3 0.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.6 51.9 53.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.4 71.4 70.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 13 059 23 359 28 169Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 140.6 175.2 200.2Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 27.8 50.1 55.0Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 349 385.6 China 48.3 China 46.1Imports 370 132.5 United States 13.5 Japan 10.1

Japan 4.4 Singapore 6.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 19.8/18.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 85.1/79.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.0Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 84.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 38.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 021Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 88.4/90.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.5/49.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 222.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 48CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 38 560/5.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 747.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 383Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.1/25.6aa Pursuant to the Joint Declaration signed on 19 December 1984, the United Kingdom restored HongKong to the People's Republic of China with effect from 1 July 1997; the People's Republic of Chinaresumed the exercise of sovereignty over the territory with effect from that date. bb Market rate. cc Serieslinked to former series. dd Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. ee Excludes marine,military and institutional populations. ff Visitors.

44

"��&�(��%�Region Eastern Asia

Currency Pataca (MOP)Surface area (square kms) 29


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Macao (481)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 6 102 11 603 19 115Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.8 6.9 27.3GDP per capita (current US$) 13 834.2 24 525.6 39 730.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 14 590.9 26 032.5 42 385.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 26.7 34.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 8.03 8.01 8.04Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2 719c 3 367 2 946d

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 99e 110Unemployment (% of labour force) f 6.8 4.1 3.1Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 28.2 25.0 21.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 0.2 0.1 0.1Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.2 57.9 59.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 75.5 72.8 73.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 5 197 9 014 12 942Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 73.6 153.7 202.1Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 13.9 37.0 49.5Total trade Major trading partners 2007


Exports 2 557.0 United States 44.1 China 39.3Imports 5 235.5 China 14.8 China, Macao SAR 11.9h

China, Hong Kong SAR 11.2 China, Hong Kong SAR 8.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.9/13.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.8/78.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) i 7.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 0.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 54.7Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.7/102.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 45.9/54.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 379.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 10CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 235/4.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 631.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 123Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.2/25.2aa Pursuant to the Joint Declaration signed on 13 April 1987, Portugal restored Macao to the People'sRepublic of China with effect from 20 December 1999; the People's Republic of China resumed theexercise of sovereignty over the territory with effect from that date. bb Market rate. cc 2002. dd 2006. eeSeries linked to former series. ff Age group 14 years and over. gg Country estimates. hh Data refer toinward processing, i.e. minor processing or, in general, operations which do not change the country oforigin. When these goods come back they are recorded as re-imports and the country of origin is thecountry itself. ii Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

45

"��Region South America

Currency Colombian Peso (COP)Surface area (square kms) 1 138 914


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bogotá (7 772)United Nations membership date 5 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 83 766 122 936 168 394Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 4.7 6.8GDP per capita (current US$) 2 009.6 2 735.2 3 648.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 954.8 2 611.4 3 483.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 20.0 24.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2 087.90 2 320.83 2 078.29Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 808 –1 882 –5 851Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 140 153Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 114 140Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 115 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 115 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) de 14.7f 11.8 10.9Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 25.5ghi 18.8de 19.6de

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.1ghi 22.4de 18.4de

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 57.9 62.2 63.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.9 78.4 78.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) j 557 933 1 195Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 69 183 74 924 80 907k


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 29 991.3 United States 35.4 United States 26.2Imports 32 897.0 Venezuela 17.4 China 10.1

Ecuador 4.3 Mexico 9.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.1/8.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.6/69.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 78.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 74.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR l 3 000 281Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.6/95.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.5/48.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) m 22.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.7/90.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 652Forested area (% of land area) 58.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 58 595/1.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 504.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 799Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 7.4/16.0aa Official rate. bb Low income group. cc Manufacturing. dd Third quarter. ee Age group 10 years and over.f 2001. gg September. hh Age group 12 years and over. ii Seven main cities. jj Visitors. kk 2006. ll Accordingto the Constitutional Court of Colombia, there are serious discrepancies between the real magnitudeof the situation and the figures of the national registration system. mm Includes only newspapers affiliatedto a national association.

46

"��Region Eastern Africa

Currency Comorian Franc (KMF)Surface area (square kms) 2 235

Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 839 a

Population density in 2007 (per square km) 375.5Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Moroni (46)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 202 387 467Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.9 4.2 –2.9GDP per capita (current US$) 288.8 485.1 556.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 292.1 474.6 544.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 9.3 13.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 533.98 395.60 359.45Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 104 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 104 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 62.4 62.8 63.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 83.1 83.1 83.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 24 26 29c

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) d 0 0 0c


Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 2.5 2.6c


Exports 8.5 ... United Arab Emirates 38.6Imports 120.5 ... France 10.8

... Pakistan 4.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 2.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 41.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) a 5.3/4.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 100.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) a 67.4/63.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 48.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 4.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 25.7Urban population in 2007 (%) a 27.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 2.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 2.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR e 0Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 55.2/65.5Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 43.2/56.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 3.0/97.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 89Forested area (% of land area) 2.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 88/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 43.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 700Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.2/29.5aa Includes Mayotte. bb Official rate. cc 2006. dd UNSD estimates. ee Value is zero, not available or notapplicable. ff UNESCO estimate.

47

"��Region Middle Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Brazzaville (1 355)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 220 5 972 7 304Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.6 7.7 –1.6GDP per capita (current US$) 1 005.3 1 654.3 1 938.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 753.7 1 343.4 1 573.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 22.0 27.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 648 903 ...Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 110 120Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.0 55.9 55.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.3 82.7 82.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 19 ... ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 13 839 12 717 14 382d


Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e

Exports 1 722.0 China 21.8 Netherlands 37.6Imports 681.5 Korea, Republic of 13.9 France 28.1


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 41.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.1/4.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 56.6/54.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 70.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 44.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 43 418Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 70.9/78.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 15.8/84.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.2/90.8g

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 70Forested area (% of land area) 65.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 001/0.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 123.0aa Official rate. bb Brazzaville. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.d 2006. ee 2003. ff UNESCO estimate. gg Based on 2007 data for Lower House and 2008 data for UpperHouse or Senate.

48

"��Region Oceania-Polynesia

Currency New Zealand Dollar (NZD)Surface area (square kms) 236


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Rarotonga (10)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 81 184 211Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.9 0.2 0.4GDP per capita (current US$) 5 055.2 13 122.5 15 813.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 055.2 13 122.5 15 813.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 16.1 16.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.20 1.42 1.36Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 118 125c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 52 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 52 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 73 88 97Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 34.1 58.5 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 15.0 27.5 27.5d


Exports 5.2 China 34.6 New Zealand 73.9Imports 81.3 Japan 30.8 Australia 12.5

New Zealand 13.5 Japan 3.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fgh –2.2d

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 26.1d

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) fg 11.7/12.0d

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fgh 103.1d

Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) i 74.3/68.0j

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) ik 14.5l

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) i 2.8m

Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 43.2n

Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –6.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 14.1Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 0.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) o 77.1/75.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 50Forested area (% of land area) 66.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 62/4.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) p 1 009.0aa Market rate. bb Rarotonga. cc Series linked to former series. dd 2006. ee 2005. ff De facto population count.g Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. hh Refers to the latest availablecensus. ii Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. jj 1996-2002. kk Rate based on 30 orfewer events. ll 2002-2006. mm 2000-2002. nn 1999. oo National estimate. pp UNSD estimates.

49

"��%��Region Central America

Currency Costa Rican Colon (CRC)Surface area (square kms) 51 100


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) San José (1 285)United Nations membership date 2 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 15 947 19 973 25 917Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.8 5.9 6.3GDP per capita (current US$) 4 058.9 4 615.7 5 801.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 740.8 4 433.7 5 616.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 19.0 21.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 308.19 477.79 516.62Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –707 –981 –1 578Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 170 207Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 120 138Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) de 5.2 6.6 4.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) de 22.3 21.5 22.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) de 20.4 15.2 13.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 41.4 42.0 43.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.6 79.7 79.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 088 1 679 1 980Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 588 695 696f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 8 927.6 United States 36.6 United States 38.4Imports 12 757.8 China 9.4 China 5.9

China, Hong Kong SAR 6.3 Mexico 5.8Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 62.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 17 701Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.4/98.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.3/45.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 64.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 36.8/63.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 250Forested area (% of land area) 46.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 302/1.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 683.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 866Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.2/24.9aa Market rate. bb Central area. cc Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. dd July. ee Agegroup 12 years and over. ff 2006. gg Age group 15 to 44 years. hh 1999. ii World Association of Newspapers.

50

") ��*�� Region Western Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Abidjan (3 802)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 10 682 16 802 20 650Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –2.7 0.0 1.6GDP per capita (current US$) 626.5 904.1 1 072.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 590.9 892.7 1 054.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 9.0 8.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –241 40 –146Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 117 122Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 103 105Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 98 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 102 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.3 39.3 39.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.8 85.0 84.7Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 680 3 737 4 786c




Exports 8 067.7 France 20.5 Nigeria 24.1Imports 6 683.1 Netherlands 9.1 France 21.7

Nigeria 8.0 China 6.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.4/5.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 49.3/47.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 116.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 12.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 48.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) d 11.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 735 686Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 39.5/57.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.9/91.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 180Forested area (% of land area) 32.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 8 698/0.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 136.0aa Official rate. bb Abidjan. cc 2006. dd Data refer to foreign-born and foreign citizens. ee UNESCO estimate.

51

"��Region Southern Europe

Currency Kuna (HRK)Surface area (square kms) 56 538


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Zagreb (690)United Nations membership date 22 May 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 18 425 38 498 51 277Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 6.2 5.6GDP per capita (current US$) 4 089.5 8 458.3 11 256.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 003.9 8 272.6 11 169.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 28.6 30.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 8.28 5.95 5.36Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –533 –2 555 –4 437Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 114b 121Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 127 140Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 92 97 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 92 97 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.1 12.7 9.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.8 28.6 30.6Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 14.5 17.3 13.1Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.2 44.6 44.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 63.0 61.4 60.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 5 831 8 467 9 307Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 557 3 833 4 156d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 12 360.2 Italy 19.1 Italy 16.0Imports 25 829.5 Bosnia-Herzegovina 14.4 Germany 14.4

Germany 10.0 Russian Federation 10.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.6/21.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 92.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.2/72.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 15.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 7 826Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.5/92.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.1/45.9Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.3/2.4e


Threatened species in 2008 84Forested area (% of land area) 38.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 22 878/5.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 044.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 856Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.4/15.7aa Market rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of ac-commodation establishments. dd 2006. ee Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

52

"��Region Caribbean

Currency Cuban Peso (CUP)Surface area (square kms) 109 886


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Havana (2 174)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 32 685 46 162 52 298Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.6 11.8 7.5GDP per capita (current US$) 2 933.5 4 099.7 4 641.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 859.9 4 008.8 4 540.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 8.3 8.6Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 105 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 105 102 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ab 5.4 1.9 1.8Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ab 19.1 19.1 18.0Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ab 27.1 20.2 18.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 43.9 44.2 44.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.1 70.1 69.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 1 741 2 261 2 119Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 270 3 614 3 958d



Exports 2 980.2 ... China 13.4Imports 10 173.6 ... Spain 7.7

... Germany 5.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 20.3/17.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 80.4/76.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 75.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) <Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 637Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 9.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.9/97.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 60.8/39.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 64.7Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 3.0/9.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 43.2/56.8e

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 294Forested area (% of land area) 24.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 24 333/2.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 778.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 189Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.6/28.8aa December. bb Men aged 17 to 60 years. Women aged 17 to 55 years. cc Air arrivals. dd 2006. ee 2008.

53

"$#��Region Western Asia

Currency Euro (EUR) a

Surface area (square kms) 9 251Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 855

Population density in 2007 (per square km) 92.4Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nicosia (233)

United Nations membership date 20 September 1960Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) b 9 294 16 978 21 276Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) b 5.0 4.0 4.4GDP per capita (current US$) b 13 399.0 22 398.7 27 465.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) b 12 526.2 21 568.9 26 638.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) b 17.0 19.6 20.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) c 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –488 –971 –2 144Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 120Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 111 115Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 101 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 101 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 4.9 5.3 3.9Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 23.3 24.1 22.5Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 5.2 4.7 4.4Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.9 52.4 53.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.6 71.1 70.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 686 2 470 2 416Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) ... 0 0d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 486.4 Greece 19.8 Greece 17.5Imports 8 748.9 United Kingdom 13.9 Italy 10.1

Germany 6.1 United Kingdom 9.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 18.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 21.3/18.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.6/76.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 69.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 17.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 13 086Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 99.7/98.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.9/49.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.3/85.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 33Forested area (% of land area) 18.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 017/8.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 898.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 308Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.8/26.0aa Beginning 1 January 2008, the Cyprus Pound was replaced by the euro (1 EUR=CYP 0.585274). bbGovernment-controlled areas. cc Market rate. dd 2006. ee National estimate.

54

"� ��% #��Region Eastern Europe

Currency Czech Koruna (CZK)Surface area (square kms) 78 866


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Prague (1 162)United Nations membership date 19 January 1993

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 56 717 124 710 171 953Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 6.4 5.8GDP per capita (current US$) 5 549.3 12 236.3 16 880.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 423.9 11 637.1 15 889.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 25.1 24.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 38.60 23.96 20.29Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –2 690 –1 939 –4 540Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 118Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 134 162Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 95 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 95 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 8.8 7.9 5.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 39.9b 39.6b 40.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.2b 4.0b 3.6Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.6 50.7 51.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 69.8 68.7 67.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 4 666 6 336 6 680Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 23 800 23 861 24 053d



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 120 900.5 Germany 30.8 Germany 28.1Imports 116 822.2 Slovakia 8.7 China 7.9

Poland 5.9 Poland 5.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 27.8/20.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.5/73.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) e 72.0f

Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 223Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 97.7/97.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.8/46.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 182.6Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/1.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.0/84.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 35Forested area (% of land area) 34.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 119 692/11.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 415.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 526Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 3.6/12.5aa Principal rate. bb Average of quarterly estimates. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types ofaccommodation establishments. dd 2006. ee Age group 15 to 44 years. ff 1997.

55

� ��% #�� "��Region Middle Africa

Currency Franc Congolais (CDF)Surface area (square kms) 2 344 858


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kinshasa (7 843)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 262 7 103 9 447Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –6.9 6.5 6.5GDP per capita (current US$) 103.8 120.9 150.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 100.7 113.9 142.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 13.9 14.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 21.79 473.91 516.75Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 97 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 97 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.6 54.7 54.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 89.3 89.4 89.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 103 61 47b

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 739 1 704 1 649c



Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.9/3.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 47.7/45.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 113.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 20.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 33.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 555 204Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 36.6/50.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 7.7/92.3d

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 190Forested area (% of land area) 58.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 143/0.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 19.0aa Market rate. bb Air arrivals. cc 2006. dd Based on 2006 data for Lower House and 2007 data for UpperHouse or Senate.

56

� ��Region Northern Europe

Currency Danish Krone (DKK)Surface area (square kms) 43 094 a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 126.3 a

Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Copenhagen (1 085)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) a 160 082 258 794 311 597Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) a 3.5 3.1 1.8GDP per capita (current US$) a 30 003.8 47 775.0 57 256.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) a 29 369.4 48 180.0 58 074.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) a 20.3 20.6 23.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 8.08 6.00 5.44Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2 262 11 349 4 279Consumer price index (2000=100) a 100 110 114Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 105 109Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 103 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 103 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ac 4.6 5.0 4.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.4d 24.1d 23.3c

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 3.3d 3.1d 2.9c

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 60.1 59.7 60.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.7 71.4 70.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 3 535f 4 699g 4 716h

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) a 26 382 29 580 27 820h


(million US$)a (% of exports)a (% of imports)a

Exports 101 553.3 Germany 16.7 Germany 21.8Imports 97 968.1 Sweden 14.7 Sweden 14.4

United Kingdom 8.0 Netherlands 6.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 17.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) a 28.4/22.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 98.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) a 80.6/76.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 4.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) i 78.0j

Urban population in 2007 (%) a 86.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a –1.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 28 144Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 109.6/108.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.4/42.6Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) k 352.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 38.0/62.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 a 31Forested area (% of land area) a 11.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) a 46 079/8.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) a 3 198.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 525Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.0/11.1aa Excludes Faeroe Islands and Greenland. bb Market rate. cc Age group 15 to 66 years. dd February toJune. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. ff New accom-modation coverage. gg New methodology effective 2004. hh 2006. ii Age group 15 to 44 years. jj 1988. kkWorld Association of Newspapers.

57


Currency Djibouti Franc (DJF)Surface area (square kms) 23 200


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Djibouti (583)United Nations membership date 20 September 1977

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 553 709 835Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.7 3.2 4.8GDP per capita (current US$) 757.7 881.4 1 002.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 740.7 919.6 1 039.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 19.0 37.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 177.72 177.72 177.72Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –71 –55 –99b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 131 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 131 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.0 58.0 57.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.5 77.4 77.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 20 30 40b

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.6 7.9 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 1.4 1.4b

Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.0/5.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 56.0/53.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 85.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 17.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 87.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 13.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 7 138Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 28.2/37.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 40.0/60.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.8/86.2d

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 81Forested area (% of land area) <CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 374/0.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 174.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 164Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 25.9/33.9aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. dd 2008.

58




Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Roseau (14)United Nations membership date 18 December 1978

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 271 300 326Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.6 3.5 0.9GDP per capita (current US$) 3 961.4 4 415.1 4 838.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 387.7 4 023.6 4 471.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 28.7 28.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.70 2.70 2.70Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –70 –81 –93Consumer price index (2000=100) b ... 106 ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 99 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 11.0e ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 19.8e ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 21.0e ... ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 70 79 84f

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 2 3f

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 33.4 88.1g ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 8.4 36.5 37.2f


Exports 36.8 Jamaica 20.1 United States 35.7Imports 195.7 Antigua and Barbuda 15.5 Trinidad and Tobago 23.0

United Kingdom 14.1 United Kingdom 5.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) hi –0.3j

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) ik 29.0e

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) ik 15.1/11.7e

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) hi 102.0j

Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) l 49.8m

Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.3Government education expenditure (% of GDP) n 5.0o

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) p 94.2/93.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.8/81.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 48Forested area (% of land area) 61.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 114/1.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) q 614.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) r 2 575Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) r 23.1/29.3aa Official rate. bb Series (base 2001=100) replacing former series. cc May. dd Population census. ee 2001.f 2006. gg 2004. hh De facto estimate. ii Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbooksystem. jj 2002. kk De facto population count. ll Age group 15 to 44 years. mm 1987. nn UNESCO estimate.o 1999. pp National estimate. qq UNSD estimates. rr Melville Hall airport.

59

��% #��Region Caribbean

Currency Dominican Peso (DOP)Surface area (square kms) 48 310


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Santo Domingo (2 154)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 23 655 33 542 41 013Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.7 9.3 8.5GDP per capita (current US$) 2 705.3 3 542.1 4 202.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 650.3 3 591.1 4 225.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 16.4 18.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 16.42 30.41 33.26Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 027 –473 –2 231Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 230 263Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 112 119Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 109 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 108 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 13.9 17.9 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 23.8 22.3b ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 15.9 14.6b ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 46.2 53.3 56.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.5 75.0 72.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) cd 2 978 3 691 3 980Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 66 163 121e


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 32.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.7/9.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.5/69.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 29.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 68.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.2Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 86.0/82.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 61.3/38.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) f 39.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.1/82.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 124Forested area (% of land area) 28.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 18 771/2.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 675.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 447Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.5/30.4aa Principal rate. bb Age group 10 years and over. cc Air arrivals. dd Includes nationals residing abroad. ee2006. ff World Association of Newspapers.

60

+��Region South America

Currency U.S. Dollar (USD) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 47.0Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Guayaquil (2 514)

United Nations membership date 21 December 1945Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 15 934 37 187 44 400Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.8 6.0 3.4GDP per capita (current US$) 1 294.8 2 847.2 3 328.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 180.2 2 698.2 3 169.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 22.0 23.2Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 926 347 1 598Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 175b 185Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 114 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 9.0 7.9 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cde 23.9 21.2 21.8f

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cde 8.5 8.3 8.3f

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.7 50.9 52.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.1 78.5 78.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) gh 627 860 937Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 21 944 27 834 28 373f

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 13.5 59.9 89.1Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.4 7.3 11.5f


Exports 13 800.4 United States 43.3 United States 20.6Imports 13 565.3 Peru 10.8 Colombia 11.0

Chile 4.8 Venezuela 9.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.8/9.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.0/72.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 21.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 65.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 292 322Government education expenditure (% of GDP) i 1.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 92.9/92.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 99.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.0/75.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 2 208Forested area (% of land area) 39.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 29 297/2.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 761.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) j 1 014aa Beginning 15 September 2000 the Ecuadorian sucre was replaced by the US Dollar (1 USD=25000sucre). bb Series linked to former series. cc Urban areas. dd November. ee Age group 10 years and over. ff2006. gg Visitors. hh Excludes nationals residing abroad. ii UNESCO estimate. jj Quito.

61

+�$#Region Northern Africa

Currency Egyptian Pound (EGP)Surface area (square kms) 1 001 449


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Cairo (11 893)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 99 601 98 323 133 599Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.5 6.8 7.0GDP per capita (current US$) 1 497.1 1 349.7 1 769.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 535.4 1 369.6 1 788.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 16.9 19.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3.47 5.78 5.64Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –971 2 103 2 635b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 134 158c

Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 115 144Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 116 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 116 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ef 9.0 11.2 10.6b

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) fg 21.3 21.5 22.0b

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) fg 29.6 30.9 31.2b

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 21.1 23.3 23.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.1 70.8 71.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 116 8 244 10 610Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 63 032 83 332 80 836b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 16 100.6 India 11.3 United States 9.5Imports 26 928.8 Italy 9.8 Saudi Arabia 8.3

Spain 6.4 Germany 6.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 32.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.8/7.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.6/69.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 29.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 59.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 112 515Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 91.3/96.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 3.7/96.3i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 110Forested area (% of land area) <CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 173 483/2.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 881.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 25Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 15.8/27.7aa Principal rate. bb 2006. cc Series linked to former series. dd Manufacturing, excluding petroleum refin-eries. ee May and November. ff Age group 15 to 64 years. gg Average of May and November. hh UNESCOestimate. ii Based on 2005 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate.

62

+��Region Central America

Currency U.S. Dollar (USD) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 325.9Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) San Salvador (1 433)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 13 134 17 070 20 373Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.2 3.1 4.7GDP per capita (current US$) 2 120.0 2 559.9 2 970.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 079.2 2 474.2 2 886.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 15.3 16.1Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –431 –569 –1 119Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 118 128Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 112 120Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 105 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 7.0 6.8e 6.6f

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 24.2 22.2 23.0f

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 21.6 20.0 18.9f

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.3 45.4 46.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.7 79.6 79.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 795 1 127 1 339Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 169 234 267f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 2 178.8 Guatemala 24.3 United States 31.0Imports 7 439.5 United States 19.9 Mexico 11.3

Honduras 15.9 Guatemala 9.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 32.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.2/8.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.9/68.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 21.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) g 67.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 44Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 89.9/91.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.7/45.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 38.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.7/83.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 64Forested area (% of land area) 14.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 6 397/1.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 310.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 734Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 18.4/30.1aa Beginning 1 January 2001 the Salvadoran colón was replaced by the US Dollar (1 USD=8.75 colón).b Urban areas. cc December. dd Age group 10 years and over. ee 2004. ff 2006. gg Age group 15 to 44 years.h World Association of Newspapers.

63

+-��.�� Region Middle Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Malabo (96)United Nations membership date 12 November 1968

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 177 7 295 10 149Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.1 9.3 12.4GDP per capita (current US$) 2 734.5 15 069.3 19 997.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 874.5 4 795.5 5 920.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 61.9 36.0 42.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 131c 145d

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 94 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 95 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.4 44.9 42.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 91.5 91.4 91.5Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 5 905 18 421 17 592d


Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.2/6.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 52.8/50.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 92.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 39.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1International migrant stock (% of total population) e 1.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 3Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 0.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 72.8/88.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 30.3/69.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.0/94.0g

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 107Forested area (% of land area) 58.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 335/9.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 1 008.0aa Official rate. bb Malabo. cc 2004. dd 2006. ee Data refer to foreign citizens. ff UNESCO estimate. gg 2008.h UNSD estimates.

64

+�� Region Eastern Africa

Currency Nakfa (ERN)Surface area (square kms) 117 600


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Asmara (601)United Nations membership date 28 May 1993

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 706 1 098 1 316Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –12.4 2.6 1.3GDP per capita (current US$) 191.7 242.7 271.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 199.6 249.1 344.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 16.8 21.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 9.62 15.37 15.38Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –105 ... ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 100 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.1 55.8 55.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.2 85.7 85.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) bc 70 83 78d





Exports 6.6 Sudan 19.7 United States 15.9Imports 432.8 Italy 12.1 United Arab Emirates 12.2

Singapore 12.1 Italy 11.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.1/3.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.3/55.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 55.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.0Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 8.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 20.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7International migrant stock (% of total population) f 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 7 061Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 37.6/52.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 13.1/86.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 22.0/78.0g

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 91Forested area (% of land area) 15.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 758/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 37.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 533Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.9/23.2aa Official rate. bb Visitors. cc Includes nationals residing abroad. dd 2006. ee 2003. ff Estimates. gg 1994.

65

+��Region Northern Europe

Currency Kroon (EEK)Surface area (square kms) 45 100


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tallinn (397)United Nations membership date 17 September 1991

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 628 13 938 21 275Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.9 10.2 7.1GDP per capita (current US$) 4 107.9 10 368.1 15 932.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 972.3 9 967.1 15 022.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 30.6 31.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 16.97 12.58 11.43Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –299 –1 382 –3 772Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 119 133Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 160 188Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 104 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 104 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 13.6 7.9 4.7Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 33.3 34.0 35.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 7.2 5.3 4.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.1 54.4 54.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.1 65.2 65.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 220 1 917c 1 900d



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 11 009.7 Finland 18.0 Finland 15.9Imports 15 458.8 Sweden 13.3 Germany 12.8

Latvia 11.4 Russian Federation 10.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 30.0/18.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 85.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.8/65.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 7.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 70.3g


Threatened species in 2008 12Forested area (% of land area) 53.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 18 203/13.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 672.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 675Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 1.8/8.9aa Official rate. bb Age group 15 to 74 years. cc Beginning 2004, border statistics are not collected anymore.d Derived from accommodation statistics and 'Foreign Visitor Survey'. ee 2006. ff Age group 20 to 49years. gg 1994.

66

+��#��Region Eastern Africa

Currency Birr (ETB)Surface area (square kms) 1 104 300


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Addis Ababa (3 101)United Nations membership date 13 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 837 11 354 16 712Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.9 10.3 11.2GDP per capita (current US$) 112.9 143.7 201.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 112.5 143.6 200.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 20.5 18.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 8.22 8.67 8.95Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 13 –1 568 –827Consumer price index (2000=100) b ... 138 185c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 114 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 113 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) de ... 5.0 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e ... 6.6d 22.1fgh

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e ... 80.2d 8.6fgh

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 73.1 78.6 79.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 90.9 91.1 91.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) i 136 227 303Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 144 245 280h


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 277.1 Germany 9.7 China 19.6Imports 5 808.6 United States 8.4 Saudi Arabia 11.4

Saudi Arabia 7.0 Italy 8.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 43.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.4/4.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 54.3/51.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 86.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 14.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 16.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 85 395Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 57.2/69.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 25.5/74.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 4.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.4/78.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 101Forested area (% of land area) 11.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 881/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 27.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 055Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 15.9/23.2aa Official rate. bb Index base 2001=100. cc Series linked to former series. dd March. ee Age group 10 yearsand over. ff Urban areas. gg July. hh 2006. ii Arrivals through all ports of entry. Includes nationals residingabroad.

67

!� �� Region Northern Europe

Currency Danish Krone (DKK)Surface area (square kms) 1 393


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tórshavn (20)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 8.08 6.00 5.44Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 99 –7b ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109c 115Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) de ... 22.2 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) de ... 11.1 ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 7 8f 8fg

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 92.0 140.1 154.4g

Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 32.9 70.2 71.9g

Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)g (% of exports)g (% of imports)g

Exports 631.0 United Kingdom 27.2 Denmark 30.1Imports 783.2 Denmark 12.2 Norway 20.3

Norway 10.3 Germany 7.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) h 0.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) h 108.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 40.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 14CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 656/13.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 4 671.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 284Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.5/8.6aa Market rate. bb 2003. cc Series linked to former series. dd September. ee Age group 16 years and over.f UNSD estimates. gg 2006. hh De jure estimate.

68

!��Region Oceania-Melanesia

Currency Fiji Dollar (FJD)Surface area (square kms) 18 272


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Greater Suva (224)United Nations membership date 13 October 1970

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 686 2 998 3 366Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.7 0.7 –3.9GDP per capita (current US$) 2 103.2 3 620.0 4 013.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 144.8 3 672.2 4 071.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 18.3 18.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.13 1.69 1.61Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –68 –399 –719b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 124Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 107 106Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 96 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 96 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c ... 4.6 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 39.1 39.3 39.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.1 78.9 78.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 294 550 539Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) e 49 58 59b

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 17.5 37.4 65.0Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.5 8.3 9.4b


Exports 745.7 Singapore 18.6 Singapore 34.2Imports 1 779.7 United States 14.7 Australia 22.8

United Kingdom 14.2 New Zealand 17.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.0/7.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 71.1/66.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.2/90.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.1/46.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 53.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 190Forested area (% of land area) 54.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 642/2.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 666.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 3 040Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.2/28.7aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Age group 15 to 55 years. dd Excludes nationals residing abroad. ee UNSDestimates.

69

!��Region Northern Europe



Population density in 2007 (per square km) 15.6Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Helsinki (1 116)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 121 865 195 446 244 692Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.0 2.9 4.4GDP per capita (current US$) 23 544.8 37 256.2 46 370.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 23 311.2 37 405.0 46 463.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 19.0 20.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 10 526 6 951 10 048Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 106 111Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 109 125Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 109 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 109 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 9.7 8.3 6.8Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 27.6 25.9 25.5Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 6.1 4.8 4.5Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.7 57.1 57.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.4 64.9 65.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 714 3 140 3 519Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 431 5 462 6 322e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 89 798.9 Germany 10.9 Russian Federation 14.1Imports 81 576.3 Sweden 10.7 Germany 14.0

Russian Federation 10.2 Sweden 9.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 16.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) a 30.1/22.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 96.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) a 82.4/76.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 3.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 77.4g

Urban population in 2007 (%) a 63.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a –0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 993Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 106.1/103.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.9/46.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 431.1Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) a 1.1/2.9i


Threatened species in 2008 21Forested area (% of land area) 73.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 53 161/10.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 372.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 650Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 1.0/8.7aa Includes Åland Islands. bb Market rate. cc Age group 15 to 74 years. dd Average of quarterly estimates.e 2006. ff Age group 25 to 49 years. gg 1989. hh Does not include free newspapers. ii Rate based on 30 orfewer events.

70

!�� Region Western Europe

Currency Euro (EUR)Surface area (square kms) 551 500 a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 111.8 a

Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Paris (9 904)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) b 1 327 964 2 136 399 2 545 696Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) b 3.9 1.7 1.9GDP per capita (current US$) b 21 811.6 34 018.0 40 089.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) b 22 111.0 34 286.1 40 421.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) b 19.5 19.9 20.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) c 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 22 307 –13 565 –31 249Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 113Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 102 104Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 98 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 98 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.0d 8.8 8.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 23.7 23.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 3.6 3.4Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.8 49.5 49.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 62.1 62.2 61.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 77 190e 75 908f 81 869fg

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) h 48 204 47 066 47 435i

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 107.0 135.2 146.3Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 14.4 43.2 49.6i

Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)h (% of exports)h (% of imports)h

Exports 539 730.7 Germany 14.4 Germany 16.6Imports 611 364.4 Spain 9.6 Italy 8.5

Italy 9.2 Belgium 8.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 17.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) a 29.1/22.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 95.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) a 84.1/77.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 4.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) j 71.0Urban population in 2007 (%) k 77.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a –0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 183 788Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 112.2/112.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.3/44.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) l 163.5Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) k 0.5/0.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.6/80.4m

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 135Forested area (% of land area) 28.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) h 377 692/6.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 2 859.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 650Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.5/15.5aa Excludes French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. bb Includes FrenchGuiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. cc Market rate. dd March. ee Surveys at national borders.f Non-resident visitor survey (EVE). gg Provisional data. hh Includes Monaco. ii 2006. jj Age group 15 to 54years. kk Excludes French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. ll Includes specialized news-papers. mm Based on 2007 data for Lower House and 2008 data for Upper House or Senate.

71

!� ��.��Region South America



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Cayenne (63)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 108 114Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 98 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 98 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 25.8 26.5 29.1c

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.8 54.1 53.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.6 66.5 65.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 65d 95e ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 33.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.7/7.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.9/72.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 75.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 46.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 52Forested area (% of land area) 91.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 850/4.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 1 413.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) g 3 674Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) g 22.5/30.1aa Market rate. bb June. cc 2006. dd 2001. ee Survey at Cayenne-Rochambeau airport on departure. ff UNSDestimates. gg Rochambeau.

72

!� ��/��$� ��Region Oceania-Polynesia

Currency CFP franc (XPF)Surface area (square kms) 4 000


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Papeete (132)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 243 5 226 6 172Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.0 2.9 3.0GDP per capita (current US$) 13 732.1 20 444.4 23 488.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 13 732.1 20 444.4 23 488.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 25.8 25.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 128.17 100.83 81.86Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 106 111Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 109 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 109 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.6 47.7 48.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.8 72.0 71.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 252c 208 218Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 10 11 14d



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 167.0 China, Hong Kong SAR 34.0 France 30.4Imports 1 598.2 Japan 31.7 Singapore 11.5

France 9.2 United States 9.7Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 149Forested area (% of land area) 28.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 685/2.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 108.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) e 1 761Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) e 22.3/29.5aa Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.b Excludes nationals residing abroad. cc Figure estimated by the 'Institut de la Statistique (ISPF)'. dd 2006.e Tahiti.

73

.��Region Middle Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Libreville (576)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 101 8 666 11 285Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.5 3.0 5.6GDP per capita (current US$) 4 314.1 6 713.9 8 481.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 609.1 5 282.3 6 813.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 21.0 23.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 001 924b ...Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 105 113Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 124 132d

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 102 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 63.0 62.4 62.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.0 80.0 79.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 155 222f ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 13 979 10 877 10 935d



Exports 6 015.2 United States 58.4 France 39.9Imports 1 724.9 China 10.6 Belgium 14.2

France 7.1 United States 7.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.1/7.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 57.1/56.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 53.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 32.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 84.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.7International migrant stock (% of total population) g 18.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 13 086Government education expenditure (% of GDP) h 3.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 95.9/100.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.1/83.9i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 153Forested area (% of land area) 84.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 502/1.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 493.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 842Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.3/28.6aa Official rate. bb 2004. cc Libreville. dd 2006. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists at Libreville airport. ff 2003.g Data refer to foreign citizens. hh UNESCO estimate. ii Based on 2001 data for Lower House and 2003data for Upper House or Senate.

74

.��Region Western Africa

Currency Dalasi (GMD)Surface area (square kms) 11 295


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Banjul (406)United Nations membership date 21 September 1965

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 421 461 644Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.5 5.0 4.9GDP per capita (current US$) 304.1 285.3 376.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 289.3 275.6 358.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 26.8 23.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 12.79 28.58 24.88Balance of payments, current account (million US$) ... –50 –59Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 157 ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 105 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 104 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 69.6 69.6 70.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.2 84.5 83.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 79 108 143Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 3.1 19.2 51.1Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.0 3.8 5.9Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 12.5 Senegal 25.6 Denmark 14.4Imports 320.9 United Kingdom 20.0 United States 13.0


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.0/6.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.3/58.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 74.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 17.5Urban population in 2007 (%) 55.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 16.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 14 898Government education expenditure (% of GDP) d 2.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 61.4/60.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 19.2/80.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.4/90.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 36Forested area (% of land area) 41.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 286/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 68.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 977Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 19.9/32.0aa Market rate. bb Banjul, Kombo St.Mary. cc Charter tourists only. dd UNESCO estimate. ee UNSD estimates.

75

. ��Region Western Asia

Currency Lari (GEL)Surface area (square kms) 69 700


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tbilisi (1 100)United Nations membership date 31 July 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 058 6 411 10 176Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.8 9.6 12.4GDP per capita (current US$) 647.9 1 433.1 2 315.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 672.7 1 454.2 2 366.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.5 28.1 28.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.98 1.81 1.67Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –269 –772 –2 118Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 132 158Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 92 101 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 103 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.8 13.8 13.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 9.8 9.3 10.4Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 52.1 54.3 53.4Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.7 55.5 55.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.0 73.3 74.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 387 560 1 052Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 680 618 549d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 232.9 Turkey 13.9 Turkey 14.0Imports 5 214.1 United States 12.1 Russian Federation 11.1

Azerbaijan 11.2 Ukraine 11.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.4/16.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 89.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.8/67.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 38.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) e 47.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 52.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 275 590Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 91.6/88.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 52.4/47.6Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 3.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.0/94.0h

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 49Forested area (% of land area) 39.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 785/1.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 628.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 496Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) i 13.0/13.0aa Official rate. bb 5 cities. cc Visitors. dd 2006. ee Age group 15 to 44 years. ff UNESCO estimate. gg Includesonly newspapers which report to a governmental or national institution. hh 2008. ii Refers to averagetemperature.

76

. ��$Region Western Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Berlin (3 406)United Nations membership date 18 September 1973

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 900 220 2 791 375 3 317 377Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.2 0.8 2.5GDP per capita (current US$) 23 086.5 33 772.5 40 162.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 22 870.0 34 079.4 40 536.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 17.5 18.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –29 045 147 998 255 534Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 108 113b

Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 106 119Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 99 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 7.9c 11.1de 8.6d

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 33.7f 30.0f 29.8d

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2.6f 2.4f 2.3d

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.2 50.5 51.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.9 66.9 66.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 18 983 21 500 24 421Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 97 969 95 507 94 542h


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 328 841.0 France 9.7 France 8.4Imports 1 059 308.0 United States 7.6 Netherlands 8.3

United Kingdom 7.3 China 7.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 33.0/24.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.1/76.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) i 70.1j

Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 13.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 622 033Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.6/102.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 267.5Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.5/0.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 31.1/68.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 74Forested area (% of land area) 31.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 783 982/9.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 553.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 571Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.9/13.4aa Market rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc May. dd March. ee Methodology revised, data not strictlycomparable. ff April. gg Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments.h 2006. ii Age group 20 to 39 years. jj 1992.

77

.��Region Western Africa

Currency (new) Cedi (GHS) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 98.4Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Accra (2 121)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 975 10 726 15 179Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 5.8 6.4GDP per capita (current US$) 246.9 476.0 646.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 239.6 467.7 634.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 29.0 34.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 0.55 0.91 0.94Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –387 –1 105 –2 151Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 251 332c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 117 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 117 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 72.3 72.0 71.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.3 73.3 73.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 399 429 497e

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 568 484 483e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 4 186.7 South Africa 31.3 Germany 14.6Imports 7 206.7 Netherlands 16.9 China 11.2


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.7/6.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.5/59.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 56.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 16.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 49.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 7.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 35 402Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 72.4/76.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 34.2/65.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.9/89.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 174Forested area (% of land area) 24.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 317/0.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 138.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 807Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.4/30.8aa Beginning 1 July 2007, 1 new Cedi = 10000 old Cedi. bb Principal rate. cc Series linked to former series.d Includes nationals residing abroad. ee 2006. ff UNESCO estimate.

78

.� � Region Southern Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Athens (3 242)United Nations membership date 25 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 127 088 246 989 313 355Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.5 3.8 4.0GDP per capita (current US$) 11 580.1 22 251.8 28 111.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 11 611.3 21 805.3 27 434.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 23.4 25.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –9 820 –18 233 –44 587Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 118b 125Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 99 102Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 95 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 96 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 11.2 9.6 8.1Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 22.6d 22.4d 22.4c

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 17.4d 12.4d 11.6c

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.4 42.4 43.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.3 64.9 65.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 13 096 14 765 17 518Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 9 089 9 249 8 806f



Cyprus 6.5 Russian Federation 5.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.7/24.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.9/77.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) gh 76.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) i 10.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 30 799Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 101.6/103.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.9/49.1Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) </1.4j


Threatened species in 2008 118Forested area (% of land area) 29.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 95 359/8.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 854.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 414Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.3/22.5aa Market rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Second quarter. dd April to June. ee Information basedon administrative data. ff 2006. gg Sample of all sexually active women of reproductive age, irrespectiveof marital status. hh Age group 16 to 45 years. ii Data refer to foreign citizens. jj Rate based on 30 orfewer events.

79

.� ��Region Northern America

Currency Danish Krone (DKK)Surface area (square kms) 2 166 086 a


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nuuk (15)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 068 1 703 2 197Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.1 2.0 0.7GDP per capita (current US$) 18 985.8 29 622.3 37 792.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 18 545.9 28 920.2 31 548.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 28.2 25.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 8.08 6.00 5.44Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 119Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 11.0 9.3 ...Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 73.7 137.2 156.9e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 319.8 Denmark 84.4 Denmark 66.6Imports 432.3 Canada 10.0 Sweden 15.7

Iceland 1.7 Germany 3.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fg 0.6e

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 25.0h


Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fg 113.0e

Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) g 71.0/65.7i

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) gj 11.0i

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) g 2.2e


Threatened species in 2008 13CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 557/9.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 3 324.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 754Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) –4.0/1.3aa Includes 1,755,637 square kms of land covered by ice caps. bb Market rate. cc January. dd Officialestimates. ee 2006. ff De jure estimate. gg Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbooksystem. hh 2005. ii 2002-2006. jj Rate based on 30 or fewer events. kk UNSD estimates.

80

.� ��Region Caribbean



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) St.George's (32)United Nations membership date 17 September 1974

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 410 504 537Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.0 11.0 3.1GDP per capita (current US$) 4 078.8 4 787.8 5 081.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 742.7 4 563.2 4 618.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 43.8 63.8 52.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.70 2.70 2.70Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –88 –186 –222Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109b ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 103 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 103 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 129 99 132Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 35.1 72.2 71.3c


(million US$)c (% of exports)c (% of imports)c

Exports 25.4 United States 27.6 United States 39.3Imports 298.9 Saint Lucia 13.0 Trinidad and Tobago 19.2

Dominica 9.4 United Kingdom 5.6Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 30.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 12.1Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 95.4/96.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.4/78.6g

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 37Forested area (% of land area) 12.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 235/2.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 765.0aa Official rate. bb 2004. cc 2006. dd Age group 15 to 44 years. ee 1990. ff UNESCO estimate. gg 2008.

81

.�� # Region Caribbean



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Pointe-à-Pitre (19)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 116Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 103 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 103 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 25.7 26.0 22.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.7 57.0 56.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.2 64.0 63.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) cde 603 372f 375Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 51Forested area (% of land area) 47.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 770/4.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) g 1 467.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) h 1 779Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) h 22.1/30.5aa Market rate. bb June. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments.d Air arrivals. ee Excludes the north islands (Saint Martin and Saint Barthelemy). ff Survey conducted atGuadeloupe airport. gg UNSD estimates. hh Le Raizet.

82

.��Region Oceania-Micronesia



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Hagåtña (149)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 116 139Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 107 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.0 55.1 55.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.3 79.0 78.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 287 1 228 1 212a

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 65.6 89.7b ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 16.1 38.5 ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.1/10.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.9/73.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 9.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) cd 66.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 93.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 43.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 35Forested area (% of land area) 47.1aa 2006. bb 2003. cc Sample of all women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. dd Age group18 to 44 years.

83

.�� Region Central America

Currency Quetzal (GTQ)Surface area (square kms) 108 889


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Guatemala City (1 024)United Nations membership date 21 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 17 196 27 211 33 432Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.6 3.3 5.7GDP per capita (current US$) 1 531.3 2 141.0 2 503.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 512.2 2 114.5 2 472.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 18.3 20.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 7.76 7.63 7.67Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 050 –1 432 –1 592b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 144 164Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 104 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 108 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 1.4 3.1e 1.8bf

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 20.4g ... 22.8bd

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 36.4g ... 33.2bd

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 26.2 42.8 45.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.7 85.9 84.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) h 826 1 316 1 628Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 221 1 225 1 167b


Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 7.9 10.2b


Exports 6 900.4 United States 42.6 United States 34.1Imports 12 731.4 El Salvador 12.2 Mexico 8.8

Honduras 8.6 China 5.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 41.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.3/6.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.8/66.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 30.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 43.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 48.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 381Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 85.0/92.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) i 45.9/54.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.0/88.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 228Forested area (% of land area) 36.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 443/0.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 282.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 186Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 14.7/25.0aa Market rate. bb 2006. cc Guatemala City. dd Age group 10 years and over. ee 2004. ff Methodology revised,data not strictly comparable. gg Excludes the areas of Norte and Peten. hh Visitors. ii UNESCO estimate.

84

.�� Region Western Africa

Currency Guinean Franc (GNF)Surface area (square kms) 245 857


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Conakry (1 494)United Nations membership date 12 December 1958

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 112 3 257 4 233Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 3.3 1.5GDP per capita (current US$) 379.4 361.8 451.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 370.0 356.5 450.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 14.1 14.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1 746.87 3 644.33 0.00Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –155 –175b ...Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 185 307Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 115 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 79.7 79.4 79.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 89.7 89.2 88.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 33d 45d 46e

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) f 35 37 37e

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 2.7 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.6 0.5e

Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.0/4.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 57.6/54.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 102.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 9.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 33.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4International migrant stock (% of total population) g 3.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 29 251Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 52.8/70.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 21.4/78.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.3/80.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 86Forested area (% of land area) 27.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 356/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 47.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 3 776Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.9/29.9aa Market rate. bb 2004. cc Conakry. dd Air arrivals at Conakry Airport. ee 2006. ff UNSD estimates. gg Datarefer to foreign citizens.

85

.�� 1��Region Western Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bissau (330)United Nations membership date 17 September 1974

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 216 301 357Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.5 3.5 3.7GDP per capita (current US$) 157.2 188.6 210.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 147.1 158.5 186.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 14.6 15.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –27b –13c ...Consumer price index (2000=100) de ... 104 111Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.3 54.4 53.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 88.6 89.6 89.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 8b 5 12g

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 8.1 17.8Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 2.3 2.3g

Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 47.9/44.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 112.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 7.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 10.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 29.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 8 203Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2h

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 38.4/59.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) i 15.6/84.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 37Forested area (% of land area) 73.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 271/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) j 68.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) k 1 756Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) k 19.7/32.1aa Official rate. bb 2001. cc 2004. dd Bissau. ee Index base 2003=100. ff Air arrivals. gg 2006. hh 1999. ii UNESCOestimate. jj UNSD estimates. kk January to November only.

86

.�$��Region South America

Currency Guyanese Dollar (GYD)Surface area (square kms) 214 969


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Georgetown (133)United Nations membership date 20 September 1966

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 713 826 1 059Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.4 –2.2 5.3GDP per capita (current US$) 970.4 1 116.5 1 434.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 910.5 1 088.9 1 386.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 38.5 32.3 24.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 182.43 199.88 202.35Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –82 –96 –166Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 128 154Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 106 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 24.5c ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 21.4c ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.1 46.5 47.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.9 82.2 81.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 105d 117d 113e

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 14.6 52.1 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.7 21.3 25.7Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 784.7 Canada 21.6 United States 25.1Imports 1 028.8 United Kingdom 15.9 Trinidad and Tobago 25.1

United States 14.4 China 8.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 30.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.8/10.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 110.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.9/64.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 43.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 34.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 28.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.5Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 115.0/116.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 68.7/31.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 77.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 30.0/70.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 68Forested area (% of land area) 76.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 491/2.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 658.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 260Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.0/29.6aa Principal rate. bb Georgetown. cc 2002. dd Arrivals to Timehri airport only. ee 2006.

87


Currency Gourde (HTG)Surface area (square kms) 27 750


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port-au-Prince (1 998)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 515 3 985 5 869Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.1 1.8 3.2GDP per capita (current US$) 410.0 428.6 611.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 411.5 425.5 542.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 13.0 14.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 21.17 40.45 36.86Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –114 –358 –460Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 255 311Industrial production index (2000=100) bc 100 115 122Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 101 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 101 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.3 38.7 39.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.4 82.2 82.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 140 112 ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 24 23 23d



Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.4/6.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 62.8/59.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 48.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 32.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 45.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.4e

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 34.0/36.8e


Threatened species in 2008 130Forested area (% of land area) 3.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 766/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 67.0aa Principal rate. bb Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. cc Annualized average of 12months ending 30 September of the year stated. dd 2006. ee 1991. ff National estimate.

88

��Region Central America

Currency Lempira (HNL)Surface area (square kms) 112 088


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tegucigalpa (946)United Nations membership date 17 December 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 187 9 757 12 322Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.8 6.1 6.3GDP per capita (current US$) 1 160.1 1 427.7 1 734.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 124.1 1 360.8 1 649.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 24.9 30.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 14.84 18.83 18.90Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –508 –304 –1 225Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 150 169Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 155 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 165 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 4.2de 4.1 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) bcf ... 20.9 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) bcf ... 39.2 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.3 36.1 36.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.8 83.1 81.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 471 673 831Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 194 148 167g


Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.2 3.6 4.7g


Exports 2 391.4 United States 42.8 United States 40.0Imports 6 530.4 Guatemala 9.2 Guatemala 8.3

El Salvador 8.2 Mexico 6.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.3/6.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.7/66.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 28.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 65.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 47.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 43Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8h


Threatened species in 2008 230Forested area (% of land area) 41.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 431/1.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 310.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 872Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.7/27.9aa Principal rate. bb March. cc Age group 10 years and over. dd 2001. ee September. ff Excludes the provincesof Gracias a Dios and Islas de la Bahía. gg 2006. hh 1991.

89

��$Region Eastern Europe

Currency Forint (HUF)Surface area (square kms) 93 032


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Budapest (1 679)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 47 943 110 506 138 183Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.2 4.1 1.3GDP per capita (current US$) 4 693.7 10 956.0 13 777.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 443.8 10 309.6 12 852.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 22.8 20.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 282.18 199.58 183.63Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –4 004 –7 463 –6 777Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 133 149Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 132 157Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 111 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 111 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 6.4 7.2 7.4Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) bc 34.2 32.8 32.6Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) bc 6.7 5.0 4.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 41.9 43.4 43.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 58.8 59.1 59.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ... 9 979 8 638Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 8 590 7 357 7 366d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 94 590.9 Germany 28.4 Germany 26.8Imports 94 659.7 Italy 5.6 Russian Federation 6.9

France 4.7 Austria 6.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.7/19.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 90.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.4/69.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 77.4e

Urban population in 2007 (%) 67.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 937Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.5/96.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.5/41.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 217.0Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.6/2.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 48Forested area (% of land area) 21.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 56 371/5.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 445.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 516Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.3/15.0aa Official rate. bb Age group 15 to 74 years. cc Average of quarterly estimates. dd 2006. ee 1992/93.

90

�� Region Northern Europe

Currency Icelandic Krona (ISK)Surface area (square kms) 103 000


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Reykjavík (192)United Nations membership date 19 November 1946

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 676 16 219 18 672Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.4 7.2 0.7GDP per capita (current US$) 30 867.0 54 844.1 62 033.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 30 011.3 52 921.3 57 344.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 28.3 26.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 78.62 62.98 64.06Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –847 –2 645 –3 190Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 123 137Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 104 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 105 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 2.3 2.6 2.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ce 22.4 21.7 20.6Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ce 8.3 6.8 5.9Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 71.5 71.4 71.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.5 80.6 79.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 634 871 1 054Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 660 953 1 083g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 4 772.0 Netherlands 21.3 United States 13.5Imports 6 689.7 Germany 13.4 Germany 12.1

United Kingdom 13.2 Sweden 10.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 21.0/17.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 83.3/80.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) h 2.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 92.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 85Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.1/103.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 64.3/35.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 551.6Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) h 0.0/2.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.3/66.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 17Forested area (% of land area) 0.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 184/7.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 108.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 798Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 1.9/7.0aa Official rate. bb Annual averages based on the months Feb.-Dec. and of January of the following year.c Age group 16 to 74 years. dd April and November. ee Average of April and November. ff Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. gg 2006. hh Rate based on 30 or fewerevents.

91


Currency Indian Rupee (INR)Surface area (square kms) 3 287 263

Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 169 016Population density in 2007 (per square km) 355.6

Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Mumbai (18 978)United Nations membership date 30 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 467 802 808 884 1 141 346Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.0 9.2 8.7GDP per capita (current US$) 447.1 713.0 976.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 442.3 708.1 971.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 28.1 32.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 44.94 44.10 41.35Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –4 601 –7 835 –9 415b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 122 136Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 136 165Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 106 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.3e ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.3 34.2 34.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.6 81.9 81.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 2 649 3 919 4 447b



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 145 898.1 United States 13.8 China 11.2Imports 218 645.3 United Arab Emirates 9.9 Saudi Arabia 7.6

China 6.5 United States 6.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.1/7.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 107.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 66.4/63.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 55.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 56.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 29.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 163 966Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 76.2/83.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 39.9/60.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 70.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.2/90.8h

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 659Forested area (% of land area) 22.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 402 359/1.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 365.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 401Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.1/31.7aa Market rate. bb 2006. cc Industrial workers. dd Annualized average of 12 months beginning 1 April ofthe year stated. ee January. ff Excludes nationals residing abroad. gg Includes only newspapers whichreport to a governmental or national institution. hh Based on 2004 data for Lower House and 2008 datafor Upper House or Senate.

92

�� Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Rupiah (IDR)Surface area (square kms) 1 904 569


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Jakarta (9 125)United Nations membership date 28 September 1950

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 165 021 285 869 432 817Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.9 5.7 6.3GDP per capita (current US$) 779.5 1 264.6 1 868.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 657.8 1 203.3 1 787.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 23.6 24.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 8 421.78 9 704.74 9 141.00Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 7 992 278 10 365Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 156 188Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 119 123Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 123 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 123 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.1c 11.2d 9.1d

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 17.5ef 18.0c 18.0gh

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 43.8ef 44.0c 44.5gh

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 50.2 49.8 49.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.0 85.6 86.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 064 5 002 5 506Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 168 287 229 071 261 321g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 114 100.9 Japan 20.7 Singapore 13.2Imports 74 473.4 United States 10.2 China 11.5

Singapore 9.2 Japan 8.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.3/8.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.7/68.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 26.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) i 57.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 50.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.1International migrant stock (% of total population) j 0.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 526Government education expenditure (% of GDP) k 3.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 88.0/90.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) k 43.7/56.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.6/88.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 1 087Forested area (% of land area) 48.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 419 594/1.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 508.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 655Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 25.0/31.8aa Market rate. bb Manufacturing. cc May. dd August. ee 2001. ff May. . gg 2006. hh February. ii Sample of ever-married women of reproductive age. jj Data refer to foreign citizens. kk UNESCO estimate.

93

��3��% #��4Region South-central Asia

Currency Iranian Rial (IRR)Surface area (square kms) 1 648 195


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tehran (7 873)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 102 930 192 020 289 933Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.8 4.5 5.8GDP per capita (current US$) 1 556.6 2 766.0 4 071.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 557.3 2 715.4 3 997.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.9 28.5 29.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1 764.43 8 963.96 9 281.15Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 12 481 ... ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 193 246b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 115 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 115 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c ... 11.5 10.5Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 30.4 32.0Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 24.9 22.8Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 28.3 30.7 31.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.4 74.3 74.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 342 1 659d ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 243 136 308 277 315 942e



Exports 63 247.0 Japan 23.9 ...Imports 40 685.8 Italy 10.7 ...

France 6.9 ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.6/6.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.6/69.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 30.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 73.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 68.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 964 743Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.9/89.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.6/48.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 2.8/97.2f

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 90Forested area (% of land area) 6.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 451 573/6.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 607.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 230Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.7/22.5aa Official rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Age group 10 years and over. dd 2004. ee 2006. ff 2008.

94

��-Region Western Asia

Currency Iraqi Dinar (IQD)Surface area (square kms) 438 317


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Baghdad (5 054)United Nations membership date 21 December 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 20 969 33 961 69 709Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.4 3.3 2.8GDP per capita (current US$) 837.1 1 213.1 2 404.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 830.5 1 239.5 2 406.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 3.6 20.4 16.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 0.31 1 472.00 1 254.57Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 122 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 123 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 26.8b ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 17.8b ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 17.0b ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 13.0 13.9 14.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.7 69.6 69.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 78 ... ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 129 901 94 215 99 276e

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 4.7f 6.2b ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1g 0.2 0.2Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 41 267.9 ... ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 61.5/57.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 81.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 49.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1International migrant stock (% of total population) h 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 642 052Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 64.8/83.5Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 36.2/63.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.5/74.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 55Forested area (% of land area) 1.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 84 532/3.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 000.0aa Principal rate. bb 2004. cc May. dd Visitors. ee 2006. ff 2002. gg 2001. hh Data refer to foreign citizens.

95




Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dublin (1 059)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 96 389 200 838 256 074Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.4 6.0 4.9GDP per capita (current US$) 25 339.9 48 473.0 59 539.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 21 831.2 41 278.9 51 038.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 26.0 25.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –516 –7 150 –12 695Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 119 130b

Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 128 144Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 98 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 98 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 4.3 4.2 4.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 28.6 27.9 27.5e

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 7.9 5.9 5.7e

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.2 51.3 53.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.2 71.7 72.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 6 646 7 333 8 332Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 280 1 569 1 511e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 121 509.6 United Kingdom 18.7 United Kingdom 32.8Imports 87 140.9 United States 17.8 United States 11.1

Belgium 14.4 Germany 8.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 19.8/16.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.4/76.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) gh 89.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 61.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 19.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 13 733Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 108.1/105.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.1/44.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 182.4Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) j 0.5/1.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.5/84.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 26Forested area (% of land area) 9.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 42 349/10.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 530.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 733Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.3/12.8aa Market rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Second quarter. dd Continuous survey. ee 2006. ff Includestourists from North Ireland. gg Age group 18 to 45 years. hh Sample of men and women. ii World Associationof Newspapers. jj Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

96


Currency Shekel (ILS)Surface area (square kms) 22 145


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tel Aviv-Jaffa (3 112)United Nations membership date 11 May 1949

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 120 896 131 241 161 989Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.9 5.3 5.3GDP per capita (current US$) 19 870.5 19 611.5 23 382.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 18 706.7 19 373.0 23 394.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 16.3 18.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 4.08 4.49 4.11Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –996 3 980 4 523Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 112Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 103 118Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 118 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 118 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 8.8 9.0 7.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 24.0 21.7 21.9Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2.2 2.0 1.6Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.3 50.0 50.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 61.0 60.9 60.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 2 417 1 903 2 067Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 101 1 529 2 105c



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 54 091.4 United States 35.0 United States 13.9Imports 56 619.4 Belgium 7.5 Belgium 7.9

China, Hong Kong SAR 5.8 Germany 6.2Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 91.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 40.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 918Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 101.8/101.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.1/44.9Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) f 1.8/5.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.2/85.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 127Forested area (% of land area) 8.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 63 607/9.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 188.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 530Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.4/24.0aa Market rate. bb Excludes nationals residing abroad. cc 2006. dd Age group 18 to 39 years. ee 1988. ffIncludes data for East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation byIsraeli military forces since June 1967.

97

��$Region Southern Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Rome (3 339)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 097 343 1 769 696 2 095 141Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.6 0.1 1.5GDP per capita (current US$) 19 020.7 30 175.7 35 585.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 18 878.2 30 044.0 35 356.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.6 20.7 20.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –5 781 –29 714 –51 032Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 112 117Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 96 98Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 98 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 98 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.5 7.7 6.1Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 32.4 31.1 30.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 5.4 4.2 4.0Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.5 37.6 38.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 61.9 60.9 60.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 41 181 36 513 43 654Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) e 24 558 21 685 20 438f




Exports 492 058.3 Germany 12.8 Germany 16.7Imports 504 581.8 France 11.4 France 9.0

Spain 7.3 China 5.9Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 67.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 7.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 40 454Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.9/102.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.9/43.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 137.1Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.6/1.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.2/79.8j

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 138Forested area (% of land area) 33.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) e 452 108/7.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 3 076.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 733Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.6/20.3aa Market rate. bb Excludes tobacco. cc Average of quarterly estimates. dd Excludes seasonal and borderworkers. ee Includes San Marino. ff 2006. gg Age group 20 to 49 years. hh 1995/96. ii World Association ofNewspapers. jj 2008.

98

5��Region Caribbean

Currency Jamaican Dollar (JMD)Surface area (square kms) 10 991


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kingston (580)United Nations membership date 18 September 1962

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 889 9 715 11 255Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.7 1.4 1.4GDP per capita (current US$) 3 047.0 3 621.5 4 147.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 920.7 3 316.7 3 834.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 31.7 32.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 42.99 62.28 68.95Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –367 –1 072 –1 744Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 166 197b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 99 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 15.5 10.9 9.4Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 16.9 17.7 17.7d

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 20.8 18.1 18.2d

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 60.8 56.7 55.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.6 74.5 73.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ef 1 323 1 479 1 679d




(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 2 224.0 United States 37.2 United States 40.4Imports 6 747.6 Canada 15.0 Trinidad and Tobago 15.7

United Kingdom 9.7 Venezuela 9.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.5/11.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.2/70.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 69.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 53.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.1Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 91.9/90.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) g 69.9/30.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.6/86.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 280Forested area (% of land area) 31.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 10 153/3.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 452.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 813Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.9/31.4aa Market rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Age group 14 years and over. dd 2006. ee Air arrivals.f Includes nationals residing abroad. gg UNESCO estimate.

99

5�#��Region Eastern Asia

Currency Yen (JPY)Surface area (square kms) 377 873


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tokyo (35 676)United Nations membership date 18 December 1956

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 667 449 4 552 192 4 379 624Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 1.9 2.1GDP per capita (current US$) 36 741.7 35 592.7 34 224.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 37 210.8 36 433.3 35 382.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 23.3 23.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 107.76 110.22 117.75Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 119 660 165 783 210 490Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 98 98Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 102 109Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 97 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 97 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.7 4.4 3.9Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 31.2 27.9b 27.9Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.1 4.4b 4.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.3 48.5 48.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.4 73.5 72.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) cd 4 757 6 728 8 347Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 41 191 38 006 38 996e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 714 327.0 United States 20.4 China 20.6Imports 622 243.3 China 15.3 United States 11.6

Korea, Republic of 7.6 Saudi Arabia 5.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 12.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 36.2/28.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 86.1/79.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 54.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) f 1.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 5 026Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.8/100.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 45.7/54.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 551.2Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) h </0.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.3/87.7i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 309Forested area (% of land area) 68.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 230 027/9.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 445.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 467Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.6/19.7aa Market rate. bb Average of monthly estimates. cc Visitors. dd Excludes nationals residing abroad. ee 2006.f Data refer to foreign citizens. gg World Association of Newspapers. hh Refers to Japanese nationals inJapan only. ii Based on 2005 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate.

100

5��Region Western Asia

Currency Jordanian Dinar (JOD)Surface area (square kms) 89 342


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Amman (1 060)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 461 12 612 15 724Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.3 7.1 5.8GDP per capita (current US$) 1 763.1 2 274.8 2 654.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 791.2 2 329.7 2 707.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 30.6 32.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 0.71 0.71 0.71Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 60 –2 200 –2 776Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 126Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 134 146Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 109 115 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 109 115 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.8 21.8b ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 4.9 3.6b ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 13.9 15.3 15.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.4 72.0 71.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 1 580 2 987 3 431Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 221 205 191d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 5 700.0 United States 21.8 Saudi Arabia 21.0Imports 13 531.1 Iraq 12.7 China 9.7

India 8.3 Germany 7.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 35.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.8/5.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 105.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.5/70.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 55.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 78.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8International migrant stock (% of total population) e 45.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 500 658Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.9f


Threatened species in 2008 89Forested area (% of land area) 0.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 20 504/3.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 225.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 269Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.3/23.5aa Official rate. bb 2003. cc Includes nationals residing abroad. dd 2006. ee Data refer to foreign citizens. ff1999.

101

'��Region South-central Asia

Currency Tenge (KZT)Surface area (square kms) 2 724 900


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Almaty (1 209)United Nations membership date 2 March 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 18 292 57 124 104 143Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.9 9.7 8.7GDP per capita (current US$) 1 223.2 3 755.5 6 753.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 146.8 3 402.7 6 134.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 28.0 30.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 142.13 132.88 122.55Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 366 –1 056 –7 184Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 140 ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 117 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 116 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.4b 8.1 7.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 16.3b 17.4c ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 35.5b 33.5c ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 64.7 63.6 64.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.3 74.3 74.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 471 3 143 3 876Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 79 686 124 352 133 974d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 47 755.3 Italy 16.3 Russian Federation 35.5Imports 32 756.4 Switzerland 15.7 China 10.7

China 11.8 Germany 7.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 23.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 14.2/8.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.4/61.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 24.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 50.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 57.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) <International migrant stock (% of total population) 19.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 12 211Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.2/97.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.2/41.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.9/87.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 73Forested area (% of land area) 1.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 180 925/11.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 4 053.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 641Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 3.8/14.6aa Official rate. bb 2001. cc 2004. dd 2006.

102

' �$�Region Eastern Africa

Currency Kenyan Shilling (KES)Surface area (square kms) 580 367


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nairobi (3 010)United Nations membership date 16 December 1963

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 12 604 19 132 29 509Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.5 5.7 7.0GDP per capita (current US$) 403.3 537.4 786.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 399.0 523.1 777.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 18.3 18.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 76.18 75.55 67.32Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –199 –252 –1 102Consumer price index (2000=100) bc 100 149 195Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 106 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 74.7 74.2 74.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 88.1 87.3 87.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 899 1 536 1 644d



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 4 080.8 Uganda 12.2 United Arab Emirates 14.8Imports 8 989.3 United Kingdom 10.5 India 9.4

United Rep. Tanzania 8.1 China 7.6Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 311Forested area (% of land area) 6.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 091/0.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 106.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 024Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.0/23.4aa Official rate. bb Nairobi. cc Low income group. dd 2006.

103

'��Region Oceania-Micronesia

Currency Australian Dollar (AUD)Surface area (square kms) 726


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tarawa (42)United Nations membership date 14 September 1999

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 47 61 73Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.1 1.6 2.0GDP per capita (current US$) 555.7 665.5 762.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 824.6 1 024.1 1 127.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 47.4 78.0 74.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.72 1.31 1.20Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 110 108c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 107 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 7.4 ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2.8 ... ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 5 3 5Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 4.3 5.2 5.1c



Exports 3.6 Australia 22.2 Australia 35.5Imports 74.0 Fiji 16.7 Fiji 20.9

China, Hong Kong SAR 8.3 Japan 17.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fgh 1.6e

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fgh 97.2e


Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) i 52.0j

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) i 3.4k

Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 36.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 43.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.0Government education expenditure (% of GDP) l 17.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) m 104.3/97.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 4.3/95.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 87Forested area (% of land area) 3.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 26/0.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) n 98.0aa Official rate. bb Tarawa. cc 2006. dd Air arrivals. ee 2005. ff De facto population count. gg Data compiledby the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. hh Refers to the latest available census. ii Publishedby the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. jj 2003. kk 2004-2005. ll UNESCO estimate. mm Nationalestimate. nn UNSD estimates.

104

'�� &�� / �#� *�% #��Region Eastern Asia

Currency North Korean Won (KPW)Surface area (square kms) 120 538


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) P'yongyang (3 300)United Nations membership date 17 September 1991

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 10 608 13 031 14 753Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.3 3.8 1.6GDP per capita (current US$) 462.0 549.5 617.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 461.3 548.2 616.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.14 141.00 139.00Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 113 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.2 57.6 58.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.1 78.2 77.8Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 19 669 23 187 23 435b

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) c 2.3 4.5 5.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 17.9/11.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.3/65.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 48.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 68.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 62.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) d 0.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.1/79.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 43Forested area (% of land area) 51.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 82 616/3.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 957.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 940Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.6/15.7aa Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.b 2006. cc Refers to main telephone lines only. dd Estimates.

105

'�� &�% #��Region Eastern Asia

Currency South Korean Won (KRW)Surface area (square kms) 99 538


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Seoul (9 796)United Nations membership date 17 September 1991

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 511 659 791 429 956 788Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.5 4.2 5.0GDP per capita (current US$) 10 937.5 16 532.9 19 840.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 10 890.2 16 508.1 19 840.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.1 29.3 29.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1 130.96 1 024.12 929.26Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 12 251 14 981 5 954Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 118 123Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 135 156Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 97 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 98 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.4b 3.7 3.2Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 28.1 26.8 25.9Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 10.6 7.9 7.4Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.8 49.9 49.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.3 73.1 72.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ef 5 322 6 023 6 448Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 11 721 14 908 15 137g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 371 477.1 China 22.1 China 17.7Imports 356 841.0 United States 12.4 Japan 15.8

Japan 7.1 United States 10.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.9/14.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.2/75.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) h 80.5i

Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 273Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 98.8/103.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 37.5/62.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.7/86.3j

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 58Forested area (% of land area) 63.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 452 218/9.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 228.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 344Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.2/16.9aa Market rate. bb Estimates based on the 2000 census results. cc Average of monthly estimates. dd Excludescontributing family workers working less than 18 hours per week. ee Visitors. ff Includes nationals residingabroad and crew members. gg 2006. hh Age group 15 to 44 years. ii 1997. jj 2008.

106

'��Region Western Asia

Currency Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD)Surface area (square kms) 17 818


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kuwait City (2 063)United Nations membership date 14 May 1963

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 37 718 80 781 109 981Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.7 10.0 4.6GDP per capita (current US$) 16 926.3 29 918.8 38 574.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 19 932.6 34 330.4 43 063.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 17.0 20.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 0.31 0.29 0.28Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 14 672 34 308 47 471Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 112b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 117 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 117 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 0.8 1.5 1.3b

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 18.3e ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 0.0e ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 42.8 42.8 43.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 83.5 81.4 81.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 1 944 3 474 3 899b




Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) g 2.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 23.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 3.9/3.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) g 148.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.9/76.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 52.0h

Urban population in 2007 (%) 98.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3International migrant stock (% of total population) i 68.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 129 860Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.1/91.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 65.4/34.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) j 3.1/96.9k

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 39Forested area (% of land area) <CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 93 586/34.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 12 681.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 107Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 18.7/32.5aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc June. dd Administrative reports. ee 2003. ff Visitors. gg Includes guest workers.h 1999. ii Data refer to foreign citizens. jj No woman candidate was elected in the 2008 elections. Twowomen were appointed to the 16-member cabinet sworn in June 2008. As cabinet ministers also sitin parliament, there are two women out of a total of 65 members. kk 2008.

107

'$��$��Region South-central Asia

Currency Som (KGS)Surface area (square kms) 199 900


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bishkek (837)United Nations membership date 2 March 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 370 2 460 3 745Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.4 –0.2 8.2GDP per capita (current US$) 277.0 472.8 704.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 260.7 457.2 695.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 16.0 25.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 47.70 41.01 37.32Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –123 –60 –268Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 122 129b

Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 125 109Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 101 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 101 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 12.5d 8.1 8.3b

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 10.5e 17.6 19.4b

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 53.1e 38.5 36.3b

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.2 53.2 53.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.1 74.1 74.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 59 315f 766bf



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 134.2 Russian Federation 20.7 Russian Federation 40.5Imports 2 417.0 Switzerland 19.9 China 14.7

Kazakhstan 18.0 Kazakhstan 12.9Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 40Forested area (% of land area) 4.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 566/1.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 544.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 442Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.8/17.0aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc November. dd 2002. ee Age group not specified. ff New data source: Departmentof Customs Control.

108

6��/ �#� *�� % #��Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Kip (LAK)Surface area (square kms) 236 800


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Vientiane (745)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 733 2 871 4 163Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.8 7.3 8.0GDP per capita (current US$) 331.8 506.9 710.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 317.4 459.7 661.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.4 31.9 39.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 7 887.64 10 655.20 9 603.16Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –8 –193 107Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 163b ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 105 114 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 115 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 80.0 79.2 79.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.6 79.8 79.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 191 672 842c



Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.1/4.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.8/63.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 51.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 32.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 29.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) e 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR f 0Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 70.4/82.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 40.0/60.0Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 2.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.2/74.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 115Forested area (% of land area) 69.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 433/0.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 75.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 661Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.8/31.1aa Market rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc 2006. dd UNSD estimates. ee Data refer to foreigncitizens. ff Value is zero, not available or not applicable.

109

6��Region Northern Europe

Currency Lats (LVL)Surface area (square kms) 64 600


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Riga (722)United Nations membership date 17 September 1991

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 833 16 042 27 166Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.9 10.6 10.3GDP per capita (current US$) 3 292.8 6 969.3 11 930.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 284.8 6 881.2 11 483.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 30.6 31.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 0.61 0.56 0.51Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –371 –1 992 –6 232Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 122 143Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 135 142Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 119 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 119 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 14.4 8.7b 6.0b

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.3 25.8b 28.4b

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 14.5 12.1b 9.9b

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.8 51.8 53.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 64.0 67.0 68.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 509 1 116 1 653Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 258 294 249d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 7 893.2 Lithuania 15.8 Germany 15.2Imports 15 185.4 Estonia 14.4 Lithuania 13.9

Russian Federation 9.6 Russian Federation 8.4Social indicators 2000-2007



Threatened species in 2008 21Forested area (% of land area) 47.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 6 452/2.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 453.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 633Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 2.3/9.9aa Official rate. bb Age group 15 to 74 years. cc Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing thestate border. dd 2006. ee Age group 18 to 49 years. ff 1995.

110

6 ��Region Western Asia

Currency Lebanese Pound (LBP)Surface area (square kms) 10 400


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Beirut (1 846)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 16 679 21 558 24 640Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.0 1.0 4.0GDP per capita (current US$) 4 421.4 5 375.1 6 011.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 568.0 5 486.8 5 849.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 22.0 14.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1 507.50 1 507.50 1 507.50Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –4 415b –2 748 –2 046Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 105 105 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 106 105 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 23.9 24.5 24.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.6 77.4 77.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 742 1 140 1 017Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 76 90 60d




Exports 2 292.3 Switzerland 13.4 Italy 9.4Imports 9 368.0 United Arab Emirates 8.6 United States 9.3

Syria 8.6 France 8.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.8/10.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.2/69.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 22.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 58.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 86.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 17.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 250 919Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 89.2/86.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.2/46.8Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) e 54.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 4.7/95.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 40Forested area (% of land area) 13.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 16 891/4.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 080.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 826aa Market rate. bb 2002. cc Excludes Syrian nationals. dd 2006. ee World Association of Newspapers.

111

6 ��Region Southern Africa

Currency Loti (LSL)Surface area (square kms) 30 355


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Maseru (211)United Nations membership date 17 October 1966

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 853 1 426 1 600Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.6 2.9 4.9GDP per capita (current US$) 452.4 719.7 796.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 568.8 873.0 983.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 44.9 34.4 26.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 6.94 6.36 7.05Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –151 –98 0Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 140 161Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 106 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 68.6 68.4 67.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.9 75.9 75.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 302 304 300Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.5 16.6 23.0c



Exports 968.4 United States 68.5 South Africa 78.2Imports 1 399.4 South Africa 17.6 China, Hong Kong SAR 5.8

Belgium 9.8 China 4.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.4/6.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 89.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 42.3/42.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 64.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 37.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 24.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) e 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR f 0Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 13.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 84.6/81.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.2/44.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.8/74.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 11Forested area (% of land area) <aa Principal rate. bb Visitors. cc 2006. dd 2004. ee Data refer to foreign citizens. ff Value is zero, not availableor not applicable.

112

6�� Region Western Africa

Currency Liberian Dollar (LRD)Surface area (square kms) 111 369


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Monrovia (1 042)United Nations membership date 2 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 561 548 730Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 22.6 5.3 9.4GDP per capita (current US$) 182.6 159.3 194.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 126.5 126.8 155.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.8 15.9 13.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 40.95 57.10 61.27Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 98 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.5 55.2 55.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 84.7 84.4 84.5Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.3 ... 15.0Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 0.0b 0.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.1/3.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 46.6/44.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 132.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 6.4c

Urban population in 2007 (%) 59.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 54 920Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 58.0/79.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 42.8/57.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.8/86.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 111Forested area (% of land area) 32.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 473/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 64.0aa Principal rate. bb 2004. cc 1986. dd UNSD estimates.

113

6��$��5��$�Region Northern Africa

Currency Libyan Dinar (LYD)Surface area (square kms) 1 759 540


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tripoli (2 189)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 34 265 42 820 62 060Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.3 5.6 7.9GDP per capita (current US$) 6 409.8 7 235.3 10 073.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 6 368.2 7 186.5 10 078.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.6 8.6 8.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 0.51 1.31 1.26Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 6 270 14 945 22 170b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 100 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 22.9 24.6 25.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.0 77.4 77.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 174 149c ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 73 783 93 497 101 124b


Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)c (% of exports)c (% of imports)c

Exports 10 194.9 ... Italy 18.3Imports 6 317.6 ... Monaco 12.5

... Germany 12.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 30.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.0/6.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 107.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.9/71.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 18.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 45.1d

Urban population in 2007 (%) 77.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2International migrant stock (% of total population) e 10.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 875Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.7f


Threatened species in 2008 36Forested area (% of land area) <CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 56 100/9.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 471.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 334Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 15.6/25.4aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc 2004. dd 1995. ee Data refer to foreign citizens. ff 1999.

114

6� �� Region Western Europe

Currency Swiss Franc (CHF)Surface area (square kms) 160


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Vaduz (5)United Nations membership date 18 September 1990

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 484 3 658 4 160Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.2 4.8 3.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 74 087.7 90 349.2 99 159.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.69 1.25 1.20Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 62 50 58Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 91.5 136.5 138.9Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 36.5 63.2 65.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) cd 0.9e

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) cd 17.0e

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) cd 18.8/15.8e

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) cd 97.2e

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) df 3.2g

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) d 1.5h

Urban population in 2007 (%) 14.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) i 34.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 297Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) j 105.0/113.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 30.3/69.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 513.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 24.0/76.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 4Forested area (% of land area) 43.1aa Official rate. bb Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. cc De factoestimate. dd Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. ee 2006. ff Rate basedon 30 or fewer events. gg 2002-2006. hh 2005. ii Data refer to foreign citizens. jj National estimate.

115

6��Region Northern Europe

Currency Litas (LTL)Surface area (square kms) 65 300


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Vilnius (543)United Nations membership date 17 September 1991

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 11 418 25 732 38 332Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.1 7.9 8.8GDP per capita (current US$) 3 260.0 7 512.7 11 307.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 202.9 7 392.9 10 878.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 22.9 26.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 4.00 2.77 2.52Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –675 –1 831 –5 260Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 104 114Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 165 184Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 107 96 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 107 96 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.4 8.3 4.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.8 29.1 30.7Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 18.7 14.0 10.4Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.1 51.0 51.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.3 62.9 60.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 083 2 000 2 180b



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 17 162.4 Russian Federation 15.0 Russian Federation 18.0Imports 24 445.1 Latvia 12.9 Germany 15.0

Germany 10.5 Poland 10.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.6/17.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 87.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.3/67.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) c 46.6d

Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 617Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 97.5/97.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.9/40.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 107.8Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 3.7/11.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.7/82.3e

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 19Forested area (% of land area) 33.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 13 975/4.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 893.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 683Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 2.4/10.1aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Age group 18 to 49 years. dd 1994/95. ee 2008.

116

6�7 ��Region Western Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Luxembourg-Ville (85)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 20 270 37 348 50 490Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.4 5.0 5.2GDP per capita (current US$) 46 405.0 81 792.9 108 217.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 40 435.3 68 109.8 88 715.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 21.6 19.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2 562 4 148 4 921Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 118Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 115 118Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 111 98 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 111 98 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 2.7 4.7 4.5Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 23.2d 21.2d 21.4e

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.5d 1.3d 1.4e

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 41.1 45.7 47.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.8 65.0 64.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 852 913 917Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 76 83 87g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 16 197.3 Germany 25.7 Belgium 32.3Imports 22 288.7 France 16.8 Germany 27.2

Belgium 12.5 France 11.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.7/18.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.6/75.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) h 4.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 82.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 35.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 929Government education expenditure (% of GDP) i 3.4j

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.3/97.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.6/48.4Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) k 254.5Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) h 0.9/2.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 23.3/76.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 5Forested area (% of land area) 33.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 314/24.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 9 364.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 876Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.7/12.3aa Market rate. bb Employment office records. cc Age group 16 to 64 years. dd May. ee Age group notspecified. ff Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. gg 2006. hhRate based on 30 or fewer events. ii UNESCO estimate. jj 1999. kk World Association of Newspapers.

117

(��Region Eastern Africa

Currency Malagasy Ariary (MGA) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 33.5Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Antananarivo (1 697)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 878 5 039 7 417Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.7 4.6 6.3GDP per capita (current US$) 239.6 270.3 376.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 235.2 266.1 371.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 22.2 27.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 1 353.50 2 003.03 1 873.88Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –283 –626 ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 166 203Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 131 152Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 107 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 5.8 ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f ... 3.4 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f ... 82.0 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 79.0 84.0 82.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.8 89.1 88.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 160 277 344Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 46 57 58h

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 3.2 12.0Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 0.5 0.6h


Exports 1 343.3 France 44.0 China 19.1Imports 2 445.5 United States 17.7 Bahrain 15.2

Germany 5.1 France 10.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 61.3/57.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 65.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 27.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 29.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2International migrant stock (% of total population) i 0.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR j 0Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 75.8/79.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 46.5/53.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.4/90.6k

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 636Forested area (% of land area) 22.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 814/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) l 45.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 365Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 13.8/24.0aa Beginning 1 January 2005, the Malagasy Ariary (MGA) replaced the Malagasy Franc (MGF), at a rateof 1 Ariary=5 Francs. bb Official rate. cc May. dd 7 main cities. ee Age group 10 years and over. ff Age group6 and over. gg Air arrivals. hh 2006. ii Data refer to foreign citizens. jj Value is zero, not available or notapplicable. kk Based on 2007 data for Lower House and 2008 data for Upper House or Senate. ll UNSDestimates.

118


Currency Kwacha (MWK)Surface area (square kms) 118 484


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lilongwe (732)United Nations membership date 1 December 1964

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 402 2 867 3 574Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.6 2.9 7.4GDP per capita (current US$) 206.6 216.7 256.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 148.4 154.1 181.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 15.8 18.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 59.54 118.42 139.96Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –74 ... ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 199 244Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 92 95b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 100 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 76.1 76.4 76.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.9 79.4 79.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 228 438 714Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) d 144 146 154b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 868.6 Zimbabwe 15.2 South Africa 29.1Imports 1 377.8 South Africa 14.8 Mozambique 12.2

Belgium 8.0 United Arab Emirates 7.0Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 154Forested area (% of land area) 36.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 993/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 33.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) e 1 289Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) e 12.2/24.1aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Departures. dd UNSD estimates. ee Mzuzu.

119

(��$��Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Ringgit (MYR)Surface area (square kms) 329 847


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kuala Lumpur (1 448)United Nations membership date 17 September 1957

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 93 790 137 954 186 720Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.9 5.3 6.4GDP per capita (current US$) 4 029.9 5 377.7 7 027.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 703.0 5 131.1 6 876.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 20.5 21.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3.80 3.79 3.44Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 8 488 19 980 28 931Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109b 115Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 128 136Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 127 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 126 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 3.0 3.5 3.2Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 32.2 29.7 28.5Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 18.4 14.6 14.8Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.3 44.2 44.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.0 80.6 80.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 10 222 16 431 20 973Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 76 795e 95 925 100 550f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 176 205.6 United States 15.6 Japan 13.0Imports 146 910.3 Singapore 14.6 China 12.9

Japan 9.1 Singapore 11.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.3/7.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.7/72.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 54.5g

Urban population in 2007 (%) 69.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 140 824Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 85.4/82.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.0/44.0Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 109.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.6/85.4i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 1 141Forested area (% of land area) 63.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 239 834/9.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 424.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 427Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.2/32.4aa Official rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Age group 15 to 64 years. dd Includes Singaporeresidents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway. ee UNSD estimates. ff 2006. gg 1994.h World Association of Newspapers. ii 2008.

120

(�� Region South-central Asia

Currency Rufiyaa (MVR)Surface area (square kms) 298


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Male (111)United Nations membership date 21 September 1965

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 624 751 1 055Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.4 –5.0 7.7GDP per capita (current US$) 2 287.1 2 541.7 3 453.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 177.2 2 417.0 3 277.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.3 61.3 48.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 11.77 12.80 12.80Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –56 –271 –423Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 108 118Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 92 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 92 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 19.0c 23.4d 24.3e

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 13.7c 17.3d 11.5e

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 37.5 50.5 54.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.4 75.8 76.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 467 395 676Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 11.9 77.4 114.9Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.2 6.6 10.8Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 108.2 Thailand 40.9 Singapore 22.5Imports 1 096.3 Sri Lanka 15.0 United Arab Emirates 19.1

United Kingdom 11.5 India 11.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.1/6.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 105.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.5/67.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 34.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 39.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) g 1.0Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 101.5/100.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 69.9/30.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.0/88.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 55Forested area (% of land area) 3.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 715/2.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 965.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 901Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 25.8/30.6aa Market rate. bb Male. cc Age group 12 years and over. dd 2003. ee 2006. ff Air arrivals. gg Estimates. hhUNESCO estimate.

121

(��Region Western Africa

Currency CFA Franc (XOF)Surface area (square kms) 1 240 192


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bamako (1 494)United Nations membership date 28 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 655 5 486 6 840Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –3.3 6.1 2.5GDP per capita (current US$) 265.4 472.5 554.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 262.1 451.8 593.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 15.4 20.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –255 –438 –231b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 112 116Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 88 120 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 95 117 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 8.8d ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 16.5d ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 41.5d ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.6 35.7 36.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.8 65.8 65.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ef 86 143 164Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) g 20 22 23b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 440.6 South Africa 67.1 Senegal 19.8Imports 2 184.8 Switzerland 4.6 France 14.9

Senegal 4.2 Côte d'Ivoire 12.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.3/4.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 56.6/52.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 128.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 8.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 31.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 11 113Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 48.5/65.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) h 31.5/68.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.2/89.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 25Forested area (% of land area) 10.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 564/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) g 18.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 991Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.3/35.0aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Bamako. dd 2004. ee Air arrivals. ff Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels andsimilar establishments. gg UNSD estimates. hh UNESCO estimate.

122

(��Region Southern Europe


Surface area (square kms) 316Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 407

Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1 286.6Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Valletta (199)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 893 5 913 7 411Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.0 3.3 3.9GDP per capita (current US$) 10 010.3 14 686.2 18 227.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 9 755.1 14 031.9 17 702.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 19.5 17.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –480 –520 –424Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 116Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 96 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 96 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.7 7.3 6.5Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 33.0 29.6 25.9Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.7 2.0 1.6Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 27.8 30.3 32.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.0 68.8 67.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 216 1 171c 1 124cd


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 3 067.2 Singapore 13.6 Italy 24.9Imports 4 748.0 Germany 13.6 United Kingdom 14.4

France 12.1 France 9.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 25.7/19.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.4/77.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) e 6.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 85.8g

Urban population in 2007 (%) 94.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –3.1International migrant stock (% of total population) h 3.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 3 861Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.3/100.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.3/43.7Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) e 0.5/0.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.7/91.3i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 25Forested area (% of land area) 1.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 550/6.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 012.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) j 553Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) j 14.9/22.3aa Beginning 1 January 2008, the Maltese Liri (MTL) was replaced by the euro (1 EUR=MTL 0.42924).b Market rate. cc Air and sea departures. dd 2006. ee Rate based on 30 or fewer events. ff Age group 20to 45 years. gg 1993. hh Data refer to foreign citizens. ii 2008. jj Luqa.

123

(��Region Oceania-Micronesia



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Majuro (28)United Nations membership date 17 September 1991

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 108 138 149Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.1 1.7 2.0GDP per capita (current US$) 2 063.1 2 425.5 2 516.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 750.5 3 023.7 3 195.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 74.1 72.8 72.2Consumer price index (2000=100) a 100 107 ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 93 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 93 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5b 9c 7b

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 8.6 9.4d ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.6 3.5e ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 41.0h



Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) ik 37.0j

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) i 4.4j

Urban population in 2007 (%) 70.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.7Government education expenditure (% of GDP) l 11.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) l 79.8/80.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.5/43.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 3.0/97.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 85CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 84/1.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) m 503.0aa Majuro. bb Air arrivals. cc Air and sea arrivals. dd 2003. ee 2004. ff De facto estimate. gg Data compiled bythe United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. hh 2006. ii Published by the Secretariat of the PacificCommunity. jj 1999. kk Infant mortality rate using the Life Table Method. ll UNESCO estimate. mm UNSDestimates.

124

(��-� Region Caribbean



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Fort-de-France (93)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 117Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 99 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 26.3 21.7 21.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.9 54.9 54.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 62.6 61.1 60.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 526 484 503c

Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 19.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.9/18.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 90.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.3/76.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 98.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 17.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 31Forested area (% of land area) 43.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 308/3.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 1 568.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) e 2 030Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) e 22.8/29.7aa Market rate. bb June. cc 2006. dd UNSD estimates. ee Le Lamentin.

125

(��Region Western Africa

Currency Ouguiya (MRO)Surface area (square kms) 1 025 520


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nouakchott (673)United Nations membership date 27 October 1961

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 075 1 848 2 732Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.9 6.7 0.9GDP per capita (current US$) 418.9 623.7 874.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 423.0 645.7 922.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 40.7 21.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 238.92 265.53 258.59Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 139 159Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 105 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 105 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.3 60.1 60.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.4 80.1 79.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 30 ... ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) b 3 4 5c



Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)c (% of exports)c (% of imports)c

Exports 556.4 ... France 15.2Imports 1 073.3 ... Brazil 5.9

... China 5.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.6/4.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 66.0/62.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 63.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 8.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 40.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2International migrant stock (% of total population) d 2.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 30 496Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 66.6/65.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 25.6/74.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.9/80.1f

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 49Forested area (% of land area) <CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 631/0.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 165.0aa Market rate. bb UNSD estimates. cc 2006. dd Data refer to foreign citizens. ee National estimate. ff Basedon 2006 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate.

126


Currency Mauritian Rupee (MUR)Surface area (square kms) 2 040


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 618.5Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port Louis (150)

United Nations membership date 24 April 1968Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 583 6 284 7 376Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.4 1.4 5.2GDP per capita (current US$) 3 864.4 5 062.8 5 846.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 839.2 5 056.3 5 888.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 21.4 24.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 26.25 29.50 31.31Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –37 –305 –408Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 128 155Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 97 102Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 9.6 8.5c

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 38.7de 32.4 32.3c

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 11.6de 10.0 9.1c

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.6 41.3 42.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.9 77.2 77.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 656 761 907Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 8 10 7f



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 2 054.1 United Kingdom 33.8 India 21.2Imports 3 900.9 France 16.8 China 11.4

United States 7.5 France 10.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 22.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) a 13.3/9.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 98.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.2/69.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 14.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 75.9Urban population in 2007 (%) a 42.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR g 0Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 94.4/94.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 52.9/47.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 77.2Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) i 2.5/4.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.1/82.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 219Forested area (% of land area) 18.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 408/2.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 955.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 711Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.6/29.4aa Includes Agalega, Rodrigues and Saint Brandon. bb Market rate. cc Age group 16 years and over. dd2001. ee Age group not specified. ff 2006. gg Value is zero, not available or not applicable. hh UNESCOestimate. ii Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

127

( 7��Region Central America

Currency Mexican Peso (MXN)Surface area (square kms) 1 958 201


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Mexico City (19 028)United Nations membership date 7 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 580 792 767 223 893 365Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.6 2.8 3.2GDP per capita (current US$) 5 823.4 7 358.3 8 385.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 683.0 7 245.4 8 257.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 19.3 20.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 9.46 10.90 10.93Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –18 708 –5 222 –5 539Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 127 137Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 103 110Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 109 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 110 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 2.6 3.5 3.4Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 27.0e 27.2c 25.9cd

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 17.3e 14.7c 13.5cd

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 38.8 41.0 41.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.7 81.3 80.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 20 641 21 915 21 424Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 212 599 236 409 236 443g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 271 821.2 United States 82.2 United States 49.6Imports 281 926.5 Canada 2.4 China 10.6

Germany 1.5 Japan 5.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.8/9.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.6/73.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 16.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 76.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 665Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.6/100.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.3/49.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 92.8Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 2.4/16.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 22.1/77.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 897Forested area (% of land area) 33.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 421 518/4.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 461.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 816Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 9.6/23.4aa Principal rate. bb Including construction. cc Second quarter. dd Age group 14 years and over. ee Averageof quarterly estimates. ff Includes nationals residing abroad. gg 2006.

128

(�� &�! � �� Region Oceania-Micronesia



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Palikir (7)United Nations membership date 17 September 1991

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 217 237 253Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.3 1.5 0.1GDP per capita (current US$) 2 022.9 2 153.4 2 275.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 199.2 2 323.3 2 423.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.5 35.5 35.5Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) a 21 19 19b


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.9/5.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.3/67.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 34.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 22.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 98.9/96.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 144Forested area (% of land area) 90.6aa Arrivals in the States of Kosrae, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap; excludes FSM citizens. bb 2006.

129

(��Region Western Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Monaco (33)United Nations membership date 28 May 1993

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 698 1 106 1 311Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 1.4 1.7GDP per capita (current US$) 21 811.6 34 018.0 40 089.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 22 111.0 34 286.1 40 421.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 19.9 20.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 300 286 328Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 131.5 145.2 148.3c


Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) def 0.3g




Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 71.6Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.0/75.0h

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 14Forested area (% of land area) 0.0aa Market rate. bb Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. cc 2006. dd De jurepopulation count. ee Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. ff Refers tothe latest available census. gg 2000. hh 2008.

130

(��Region Eastern Asia

Currency Tugrik (MNT)Surface area (square kms) 1 564 116


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ulaanbaatar (885)United Nations membership date 27 October 1961

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 089 2 306 3 892Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.1 7.3 9.9GDP per capita (current US$) 441.1 893.7 1 480.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 438.9 925.9 1 515.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 30.4 34.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1 076.67 1 205.22 1 170.96Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –156 –5 109b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 138 158d

Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 145 165Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 109 74 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 109 74 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) efg 4.6 3.3 2.8Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) eg 14.1 16.8 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) eg 48.6 39.9 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 57.6 58.2 58.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.2 62.4 61.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) h 137 338 452Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 548 2 311 2 482b




Exports 1 886.6 China 74.2 Russian Federation 34.3Imports 2 117.0 Canada 9.5 China 31.1

United States 3.4 Korea, Republic of 5.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.5/5.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.9/63.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 39.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 66.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) i 0.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 83Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 97.5/90.5Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 60.7/39.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 19.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 4.2/95.8k

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 36Forested area (% of land area) 6.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 8 790/3.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 001.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 271Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) –14.5/15.4aa Market rate. bb 2006. cc Ulaanbaatar. dd Series linked to former series. ee December. ff Official estimates.g Age group 16 years and over. hh Excludes diplomats and foreign residents. ii Data refer to foreigncitizens. jj World Association of Newspapers. kk 2008.

131

(�� Region Southern Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Podgorica (142)United Nations membership date 28 June 2006

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 982 2 257 3 118Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.1 4.2 7.0GDP per capita (current US$) 1 465.1 3 712.6 5 213.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 465.1 3 712.6 5 213.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 18.3 18.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) b 92 112 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) b 92 112 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd ... 30.3 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 19.2 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 8.6 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) b 51.7 51.9 52.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) b 65.8 66.8 67.1Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) ... 146.3 166.2e

Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... 39.8 46.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 18.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.4/18.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.8/72.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 22.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 39.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR f 24 822Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 52Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 661Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.7/20.5aa Market rate. bb Refers to Serbia and Montenegro. cc October. dd Age group 15 to 64 years. ee 2006. ffAlthough counted as internally displaced persons (and officially referred to as such by the MontenegrinGovernment), this population consists of persons displaced from Serbia (Kosovo) who are not beingaccorded the same rights as Montenegrin citizens in practice.

132

(��Region Northern Africa

Currency Moroccan Dirham (MAD)Surface area (square kms) 446 550


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Casablanca (3 181)United Nations membership date 12 November 1956

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) a 37 060 58 956 73 429Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) a 1.0 1.7 2.2GDP per capita (current US$) a 1 271.7 1 905.8 2 316.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) a 1 238.5 1 884.8 2 275.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) a 26.0 28.5 31.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 10.63 8.87 8.19Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –501 1 018 0Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 107 113Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 132 142Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 117 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 117 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 13.6 11.0 9.5Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 31.2de 19.5 20.3f

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 4.9de 45.4 43.3f

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 26.5 25.3 24.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.9 80.1 79.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 4 278 5 843 7 408Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 140 190 226f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 14 607.3 France 27.9 France 15.8Imports 31 650.4 Spain 20.8 Spain 10.4

United Kingdom 5.2 Italy 6.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.9/7.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.4/69.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 30.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 63.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 55.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) h 0.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 457Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) i 71.9/81.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 45.2/54.8Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 11.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.2/93.8k

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 82Forested area (% of land area) 9.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 48 006/1.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 406.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 300Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 14.6/22.0aa Includes Western Sahara. bb Official rate. cc Derived by the UNSD from component national indices.d Urban areas. ee 2001. ff 2006. gg Includes nationals residing abroad. hh Data refer to foreign citizens. iiUNESCO estimate. jj World Association of Newspapers. kk Based on 2007 data for Lower House and2006 data for Upper House or Senate.

133

(��-� Region Eastern Africa

Currency (new) Metical (MZN) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 26.8Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Maputo (1 446)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 310 6 579 7 756Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.5 8.4 7.0GDP per capita (current US$) 236.9 320.4 362.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 222.4 303.5 337.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.0 18.7 23.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 15.23 23.06 25.84Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –764 –761 –795Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 173d 212Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 107 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 87.3 88.0 88.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.4 77.7 77.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 323e 578 664f

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 777 3 245 3 811f



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 2 412.1 ... South Africa 31.8Imports 3 049.7 ... Netherlands 14.7

... India 4.3Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 189Forested area (% of land area) 24.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 880/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 80.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 814Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 18.6/27.2aa Beginning 1 July 2006, 1 new Metical (MZN) = 1000 old Metical (MZM). bb Principal rate. cc Maputo.d Series linked to former series. ee 2001. ff 2006.

134

($��Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Kyat (MMK)Surface area (square kms) 676 578


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Yangon (4 088)United Nations membership date 19 April 1948

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 275 11 931 18 510Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.8 13.6 5.5GDP per capita (current US$) 158.6 248.7 379.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 158.6 248.7 386.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 12.2 15.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 6.43 5.81 5.56Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –212 582 0Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 297 481Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 123 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 124 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 68.8 69.0 69.2Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.7 86.3 86.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 208 232 248Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 6 839 12 646 12 998c

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.6 1.2 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0d 0.1 0.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 25.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.9/8.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.3/59.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 66.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 37.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 31.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) e 0.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 790 861Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 78.1/77.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) f 63.4/36.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 227Forested area (% of land area) 49.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 314/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 72.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 681Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.6/32.3aa Official rate. bb Includes tourist arrivals through border entry points to Yangon. cc 2006. dd 2001. ee Datarefer to foreign citizens. ff UNESCO estimate.

135

:��Region Southern Africa

Currency Namibian Dollar (NAD)Surface area (square kms) 824 292


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Windhoek (314)United Nations membership date 23 April 1990

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 414 6 245 7 410Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.5 4.8 4.4GDP per capita (current US$) 1 816.3 3 091.8 3 572.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 833.9 3 036.2 3 607.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 24.5 25.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 6.94 6.36 7.05Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 173 268 999b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c ... 114 128Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 135 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 135 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 33.8 36.7e ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 12.2 14.8e ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 31.1 29.9e ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.5 48.6 48.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 63.9 59.4 59.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 656 778 929Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 10.8 28.9 45.2Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.7 4.0 4.9Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 4 040.3 South Africa 29.0 South Africa 78.1Imports 4 026.0 United Kingdom 16.9 France 2.8

Italy 14.1 China 2.5Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 82Forested area (% of land area) 9.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 554/1.3aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Index base 2002=100. dd Age group 15 to 69 years. ee 2004.

136

:��Region Oceania-Micronesia



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nauru (10)United Nations membership date 14 September 1999

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 18 26 23Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.1 0.0 0.2GDP per capita (current US$) 1 827.5 2 568.6 2 217.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 617.9 3 679.6 3 175.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 47.5 77.9 74.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.72 1.31 1.20Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 26.1 ... ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) bc 0.3d

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) bc 104.2d

Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) e 57.1/55.2f

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) e 45.8g

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) e 3.3g

Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0International migrant stock (% of total population) h 51.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) i 65.7/60.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0j

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 73Forested area (% of land area) 0.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 143/14.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 3 457.0aa Official rate. bb De facto estimate. cc Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbooksystem. dd 2002. ee Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. ff 2006. gg 2006-2007. hh Datarefer to foreign citizens. ii National estimate. jj 2008. kk UNSD estimates.

137

: #��Region South-central Asia

Currency Nepalese Rupee (NPR)Surface area (square kms) 147 181


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kathmandu (895)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 6 210 9 058 11 815Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.1 2.8 2.5GDP per capita (current US$) 254.3 334.3 419.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 226.2 281.3 361.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 20.9 20.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 71.09 71.37 66.42Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –299 1 –130Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 123 141Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 13.4c ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 65.7c ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.7 57.6 59.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.2 76.5 76.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 464 375 527Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 152 231 236e



(million US$)f (% of exports)f (% of imports)f

Exports 652.7 India 52.4 India 53.0Imports 1 801.6 United States 29.1 China 8.4

China 3.4 Singapore 6.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/5.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 64.2/63.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 53.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 48.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 16.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 032 455Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 76.6/82.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 27.6/72.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.2/66.8h

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 81Forested area (% of land area) 25.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 125/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 46.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 425Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.7/24.8aa Official rate. bb Age group 10 years and over. cc 2001. dd Includes arrivals from India. ee 2006. ff 2003.g UNESCO estimate. hh 2008.

138

: � ��Region Western Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Amsterdam (1 031)United Nations membership date 10 December 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 385 074 632 945 766 251Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.9 1.5 3.5GDP per capita (current US$) 24 182.2 38 765.1 46 669.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 24 704.1 39 008.7 46 970.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 19.0 19.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 7 264 45 723 47 435Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 116b

Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 105 109Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 93 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 93 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 3.1 5.1 3.5Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.3d 19.8 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 3.3d 3.0 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.9 55.5 56.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.4 70.3 70.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 10 003 10 012 11 008Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 60 529 65 701 64 302f



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 477 640.6 Germany 23.6 Germany 20.1Imports 421 367.7 Belgium 11.9 Belgium 10.8


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 26.4/21.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.9/77.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) g 67.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 96 888Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 111.1/113.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.1/48.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 307.5Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.6/1.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 39.1/60.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 23Forested area (% of land area) 10.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 125 760/7.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 384.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 780Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.1/13.4aa Market rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Age group 15 to 64 years. dd Average of semestrialestimates. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. ff 2006. ggAge group 18 to 45 years. hh World Association of Newspapers.

139

: � �� Region Caribbean

Currency N.A. Guilder (ANG)Surface area (square kms) 800


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Willemstad (120)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 860 3 204 3 463Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –2.7 0.9 1.0GDP per capita (current US$) 15 829.6 17 188.2 18 077.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 15 958.4 17 130.9 18 017.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.7 23.3 25.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.79 1.79 1.79Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –37 –148 –590Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 109 116c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bd 14.2 18.2 12.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 18.0d 15.1d 16.0Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 1.1d 0.9d 1.3Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.7 55.6 55.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.2 66.3 67.7Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 37.2e 90.1fg ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9h ... ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 17.9/15.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 86.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.8/71.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) i 14.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 92.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 26.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 109.7/107.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.7/40.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 39Forested area (% of land area) 1.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 891/20.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 6 354.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 552aa Official rate. bb Curaçao. cc Series linked to former series. dd October. ee Refers to main telephone linesonly. ff 2004. gg Refers to cellular lines only. hh 1999. ii Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

140

: ��"�� Region Oceania-Melanesia

Currency CFP Franc (XPF)Surface area (square kms) 18 575


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nouméa (156)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 412 6 248 7 994Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.1 0.8 0.5GDP per capita (current US$) 15 866.4 26 678.0 33 072.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 15 866.4 26 678.0 33 072.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 26.4 26.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 128.17 100.83 81.86Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 108 112Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 103 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 103 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.9 44.0 43.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.0 71.5 71.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 110 101 103Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 39 31 37d

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 47.0 80.0 97.9Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 14.0 32.1 33.2d


Exports 1 647.8 Japan 24.1 France 26.6Imports 2 427.3 France 15.8 Singapore 13.6

China 12.1 Australia 10.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 25.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.0/11.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.7/72.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) e 6.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 64.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 23.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 355Forested area (% of land area) 39.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 638/11.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 905.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 072Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.2/26.0aa Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.b Nouméa. cc Includes nationals residing abroad. dd 2006. ee Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

141

: ��; ��Region Oceania

Currency New Zealand Dollar (NZD)Surface area (square kms) 270 467


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Auckland (1 245)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 52 657 110 436 130 449Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.4 2.7 3.0GDP per capita (current US$) 13 662.8 26 954.6 31 219.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 12 770.8 25 020.3 28 979.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 24.1 22.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.20 1.42 1.36Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –2 678 –9 291 –10 233Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 120Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 116 111Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 115 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 116 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.0 3.7 3.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 23.2 22.0 21.9Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 8.7 7.1 7.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 57.0 60.3 60.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.6 74.8 74.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 780 2 353 2 434Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 11 500 9 215 9 534e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 26 930.9 Australia 21.9 Australia 20.6Imports 30 890.4 United States 11.5 China 13.3

Japan 9.2 United States 9.8Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 86.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 22.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 916Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 113.5/110.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.0/41.0Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 182.5Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) i 0.6/1.7j

Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.6/66.4k

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 143Forested area (% of land area) 31.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 29 946/7.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 241.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 137Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.6/18.7aa Market rate. bb Annualized average of four quarters ending 31 March of the year stated. cc Average ofquarterly estimates. dd Excludes Chathams, Antarctic Territory and other minor offshore islands. ee 2006.f Age group 20 to 49 years. gg 1995. hh World Association of Newspapers. ii Includes Campbell andKermadec Islands; also includes Antipodes, Auckland, Bounty, Snares, Solander and Three Kess island,all of which are uninhabited. jj Rate based on 30 or fewer events. kk 2008.

142

:��Region Central America

Currency Cordoba Oro (NIO)Surface area (square kms) 120 340


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Managua (920)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 938 4 855 5 675Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.1 4.4 4.2GDP per capita (current US$) 770.9 888.7 1 012.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 731.4 865.5 989.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 28.5 29.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 12.68 16.73 18.45Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –842 –734 –1 048Consumer price index (2000=100) b ... 147 179Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 127 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 128 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c ... 5.6 5.2d

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 19.7 19.3d

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 28.9 29.1d

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.4 36.0 37.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.8 87.1 87.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 486 712e 800e





Exports 1 194.5 United States 62.2 United States 45.9Imports 3 538.0 El Salvador 14.1 Mexico 13.1

Honduras 9.3 Costa Rica 8.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 35.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/6.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.0/69.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 21.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 209Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.4/92.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) f 52.1/47.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.5/81.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 111Forested area (% of land area) 42.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 913/0.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 246.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) g 1 989Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) gh 26.9/...aa Principal rate. bb Index base 1999=100. cc Age group 10 years and over. dd 2006. ee Includes nationalsresiding abroad. ff UNESCO estimate. gg Chinandega. hh Refers to average temperature.

143

:�� Region Western Africa

Currency CFA Franc (XOF)Surface area (square kms) 1 267 000


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Niamey (915)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960


Consumer price index (2000=100) cd 100 114 114Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 102 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 39.1 39.3 39.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.7 87.6 87.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 50 60 60b

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 111 127 128b



Exports 473.1 France 44.1 France 18.9Imports 957.8 Japan 14.1 United States 9.0

Switzerland 12.5 Côte d'Ivoire 7.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.1/5.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 56.0/57.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 110.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 7.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 11.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 16.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 338Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 26.6/37.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 26.6/73.4Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) <Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.4/87.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 21Forested area (% of land area) 1.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 059/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 23.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 541Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.4/36.2aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Niamey. dd Excludes rent. ee UNSD estimates.

144

:�� Region Western Africa

Currency Naira (NGN)Surface area (square kms) 923 768


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lagos (9 466)United Nations membership date 7 October 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 46 386 112 248 173 184Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.3 5.4 5.0GDP per capita (current US$) 371.8 794.1 1 169.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 340.5 746.6 1 134.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 7.0 5.5 8.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 101.70 131.27 125.81Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 7 429 24 202 ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 207 237Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 106 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 37.0 38.1 38.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.7 71.5 70.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 813 1 010 1 111b



(million US$)b (% of exports)b (% of imports)b

Exports 59 215.2 United States 45.0 United States 15.7Imports 22 903.3 India 9.3 China 13.8

Spain 8.0 United Kingdom 11.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 43.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 47.3/46.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 109.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) c 12.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 47.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9International migrant stock (% of total population) d 0.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 270Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 0.9e


Threatened species in 2008 251Forested area (% of land area) 12.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 114 299/0.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 153.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 538Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.7/30.7aa Principal rate. bb 2006. cc Age group 20 to 43 years. dd Data refer to foreign citizens. ee 1991.

145

:�� Region Oceania-Polynesia

Currency New Zealand Dollar (NZD)Surface area (square kms) 260


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Alofi (1)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.20 1.42 1.36Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 120b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 101 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 101 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 20.4c ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 9.0c ... ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 2e 3e 4f

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 78.6 100.0g ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 26.9 50.0 ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) hi –1.8b

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) hi 25.0b

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) hi 16.9/14.0b

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) hi 97.0b

Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) j 76.0/67.0k

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) j 7.8k

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) j 2.6k

Urban population in 2007 (%) 38.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 25.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) l 102.2/100.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 41Forested area (% of land area) 54.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4/2.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) m 625.0aa Market rate. bb 2006. cc 2001. dd Includes Niueans residing usually in New Zealand. ee Air arrivals. ff Airand sea arrivals. gg 2004. hh De jure estimate. ii Data compiled by the United Nations DemographicYearbook system. jj Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. kk 2001-2006. ll Nationalestimate. mm UNSD estimates.

146

:�� (��Region Oceania-Micronesia



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Saipan (76)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Consumer price index (2000=100) a 100 100 112Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 4.6bc ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 517 498 429e

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 34.7 ... ...Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fg 1.9h

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 24.6i

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) fg 3.7/4.3i

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fg 91.6h


Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) jl 6.5m

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) j 1.6n

Urban population in 2007 (%) 91.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 62.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 85Forested area (% of land area) 72.4aa Saipan. bb 2003. cc Age group 16 years and over. dd Air arrivals. ee 2006. ff De facto estimate. gg Datacompiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. hh 2002. ii 2005. jj Published by theSecretariat of the Pacific Community. kk 1999-2001. ll Rate based on 30 or fewer events. mm 2000-2002.n 2000.

147

:��$Region Northern Europe

Currency Norwegian Krone (NOK)Surface area (square kms) 323 802 b


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 14.5Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Oslo (835)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 168 288 302 013 387 427Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.3 2.7 2.9GDP per capita (current US$) 37 491.2 65 105.2 82 464.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 36 985.4 65 555.3 82 239.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 18.8 19.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) c 8.80 6.44 5.86Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 25 079 49 003 60 459Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 112Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 97 94Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 101 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 101 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 3.4d 4.6d 2.5e

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 21.9d 20.9d 21.0e

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 4.1d 3.3d 2.8e

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 61.3 61.7 62.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.0 71.5 71.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 3 104 3 824 4 290Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) a 224 562 239 221 230 036g


(million US$)a (% of exports)a (% of imports)a

Exports 136 357.0 United Kingdom 26.2 Sweden 14.7Imports 80 297.7 Germany 12.3 Germany 13.6

Netherlands 10.3 United Kingdom 6.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 18.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) a 27.0/21.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 98.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) a 82.5/77.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 3.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 73.8h

Urban population in 2007 (%) a 77.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 41 430Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.8/104.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.7/40.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 516.0Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) bi 0.5/0.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 36.1/63.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 b 34Forested area (% of land area) 30.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 52 916/11.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) a 6 086.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 763Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 2.4/9.6aa Includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands. bb Excludes Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands. cc Official rate.d Age group 16 to 74 years. ee Age group 15 to 74 years. ff Average of quarterly estimates. gg 2006. hh1989. ii Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

148

<��#� ��/�� = ��$Region Western Asia

Currency Shekel (ILS)Surface area (square kms) 6 020


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Gaza (515) a

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 116 4 844 5 458Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –5.6 6.0 0.0GDP per capita (current US$) 1 306.8 1 287.7 1 358.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 521.9 1 442.7 1 518.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.7 24.1 22.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 4.08 4.49 4.11Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 047 –1 107 ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 119 127Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 113 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 14.1 23.3 21.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 34.4c 26.3 23.8Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 13.7c 14.6 15.6Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 10.3 13.9 14.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.4 67.3 66.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 310 88 264Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 14.2 39.0 36.8Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.1 6.6 9.5Total trade Major trading partners 2007


Exports 366.7 Israel 89.1 Israel 72.6Imports 2 758.7 Jordan 6.3 China 4.1

Algeria 1.0 Turkey 3.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.0/71.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 17.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 50.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 71.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 43.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 23Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 91.2/87.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.6/46.4Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) f 9.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 17Forested area (% of land area) 1.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 656/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) g 318.0aa Includes Ash Shati Camp. bb Market rate. cc Age group 10 years and over. dd Arrivals of non-residenttourists in hotels and similar establishments. ee 2006. ff World Association of Newspapers. gg UNSDestimates.

149

<��Region Western Asia

Currency Rial Omani (OMR)Surface area (square kms) 309 500


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Masqat (620)United Nations membership date 7 October 1971


Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 100d 109Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 97 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 97 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 11.2 ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 6.4 ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 23.6 24.9 25.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.5 77.0 76.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 571 989 1 144Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 56 633 56 557 59 443b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 24 691.5 China 26.8 United Arab Emirates 26.4Imports 16 024.7 Japan 11.8 Japan 15.7

United Arab Emirates 11.6 India 6.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) f 2.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) f 125.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.5/74.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.0Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 23.7g

Urban population in 2007 (%) 71.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8International migrant stock (% of total population) h 28.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 48Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 84.7/86.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 49.9/50.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.1/90.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 74CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 31 444/12.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 717.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 98Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.0/33.2aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Muscat. dd Series linked to former series. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists inhotels and similar establishments. ff Includes guest workers. gg 1995. hh Data refer to foreign citizens.

150

/��Region South-central Asia

Currency Pakistani Rupee (PKR)Surface area (square kms) 796 095


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Karachi (12 130)United Nations membership date 30 September 1947

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 78 472 127 597 163 290Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.0 6.9 6.0GDP per capita (current US$) 543.6 807.2 996.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 536.5 823.1 1 018.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 20.2 22.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 53.65 59.51 60.74Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –85 –3 606 –8 253Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 129 150Industrial production index (2000=100) bc 100 167 177d

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 113 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ef 7.8 7.7 5.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 18.0gh 20.3h 21.0e

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 48.4gh 43.0h 43.6e

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 16.1 19.3 20.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 84.1 84.3 84.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 557 798 840Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 23 739 36 632 36 438d

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.4 11.7 51.1Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.4g 6.8 10.7Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 17 838.4 United States 21.6 China 12.8Imports 32 593.9 United Arab Emirates 11.9 Saudi Arabia 12.3

United Kingdom 5.4 United Arab Emirates 8.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.9/6.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 105.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.8/65.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 67.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 26.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 35.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR i 2 038 154Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 45.8/58.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 44.5/55.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 50.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.2/78.8j

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 99Forested area (% of land area) 2.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 134 300/0.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 343.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 168Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.2/30.0aa Market rate. bb Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. cc Annualized average of 12months beginning 1 July of the year stated. dd 2006. ee January. ff Age group 10 years and over. gg 2001.h July. ii Total refugee figures include recognized Afghan refugees (1,700), registered Afghans in refugeevillages who are assisted by UNHCR (866,700), and registered Afghans outside refugee villages whoare living in a 'refugee-like' situation (1,147,500). jj Based on 2008 data for Lower House and 2006 datafor Upper House or Senate.

151

/��Region Oceania-Micronesia



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Koror (13)United Nations membership date 15 December 1994

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 120 145 170Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.3 5.5 5.5GDP per capita (current US$) 6 217.9 7 187.6 8 375.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 6 503.2 7 394.7 8 651.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.0 17.5 26.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) a 58 86 93Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) b 2 2 2c

Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) def 0.4g

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) eh 24.0g

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) eh 10.0/6.7g


Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) i 72.1/66.3g

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) ij 20.0k

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) i 2.0k

Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) l 32.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 79.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –5.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 28.1Government education expenditure (% of GDP) m 10.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) n 103.1/101.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) m 63.4/36.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.9/93.1o

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 126Forested area (% of land area) 87.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 114/5.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) b 1 845.0aa Air arrivals (Palau International Airport). bb UNSD estimates. cc 2006. dd De facto population count. eeData compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. ff Refers to the latest availablecensus. gg 2005. hh De jure population count. ii Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. jjRate based on 30 or fewer events. kk 2003-2005. ll Age group 15 to 44 years. mm UNESCO estimate. nnNational estimate. oo 2008.

152

/��Region Central America

Currency Balboa (PAB)Surface area (square kms) 75 517


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Panama City (1 281)United Nations membership date 13 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 11 621 15 465 19 740Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.7 7.2 11.2GDP per capita (current US$) 3 939.2 4 785.6 5 904.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 654.9 4 341.0 5 360.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 16.8 20.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.00 1.00 1.00Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –673 –1 022 –1 422Consumer price index (2000=100) bc ... 103 110Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 106 121Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 105 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 105 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) e 13.5 10.3 6.8Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e 17.4 17.2 19.3Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e 17.0 15.7 14.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.1 48.0 47.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.4 81.1 80.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 484 702 1 103Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 294 333 336f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 120.5 United States 35.7 United States 30.8Imports 6 868.1 Netherlands 10.2 Netherlands Antilles 7.1

China 5.6 China 5.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.9/10.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.2/73.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 18.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 72.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 17 422Government education expenditure (% of GDP) g 3.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 92.0/90.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 60.9/39.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 65.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.7/83.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 320Forested area (% of land area) 57.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 884/1.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 699.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 907Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.0/33.8aa Official rate. bb Urban areas. cc Index base 2003=100. dd Derived by the UNSD from component nationalindices. ee August. ff 2006. gg UNESCO estimate.

153

/�#��: ��.�� Region Oceania-Melanesia

Currency Kina (PGK)Surface area (square kms) 462 840


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port Moresby (299)United Nations membership date 10 October 1975

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 499 4 589 6 032Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –2.5 4.8 6.2GDP per capita (current US$) 650.3 756.1 952.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 587.5 620.5 823.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 17.5 14.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.78 3.10 2.97Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 345 423 ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 146 150b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 110 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 2.8 ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ce 3.6 ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ce 72.3 ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 71.3 71.2 71.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.7 73.2 73.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 58 69 104Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 869 2 780 3 200b



Exports 2 722.2 ... Australia 58.7Imports 1 567.2 ... United States 7.6

... Singapore 7.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.5Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.4/4.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.4/54.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 60.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 25.9g

Urban population in 2007 (%) 12.5Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0International migrant stock (% of total population) h 0.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 10 012Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 35.0/44.0i

Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 8.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.9/99.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 446Forested area (% of land area) 65.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 437/0.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 257.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 899Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.3/31.3aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc July. dd Population census. ee Age group 10 years and over. ff 2004. gg 1996. hhData refer to foreign citizens. ii 1991. jj World Association of Newspapers.

154

/��$Region South America

Currency Guarani (PYG)Surface area (square kms) 406 752


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Asunción (1 870)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 095 7 473 12 004Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –3.3 2.9 6.4GDP per capita (current US$) 1 326.4 1 265.7 1 959.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 346.8 1 252.5 1 963.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 19.3 21.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3 486.35 6 177.96 5 032.72Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –163 53 126Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 150 179Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 114 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 7.6 8.1f 5.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 17.4c 15.8fgh 18.1de

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 30.8c 31.5fgh 29.5de

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 62.7 69.2 70.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 84.6 84.1 84.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) i 289j 341k 416k

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 600 4 403 4 628l


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 2 784.7 Brazil 20.0 Brazil 29.0Imports 5 844.7 Argentina 19.8 China 27.8

Uruguay 9.5 Argentina 14.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.8/7.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.9/69.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 32.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) m 72.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 59.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 76Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 89.1/89.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) n 52.3/47.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.6/86.4o

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 47Forested area (% of land area) 46.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 877/0.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 321.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 401Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 18.2/28.4aa Market rate. bb Asunción. cc Year beginning in September of the year indicated. dd Fourth quarter. eeAge group 10 years and over. ff 2003. gg August to November. hh Excludes the departments of Boquerónand Alto Paraguay. ii Excludes nationals residing abroad and crew members. jj Inbound and outboundtourism survey - Central Bank of Paraguay. kk E/D cards in the 'Silvio Petirossi' airport and passengercounts at the national border crossings - National Police and SENATUR. ll 2006. mm Age group 15 to 44years. nn UNESCO estimate. oo 2008.

155

/ ��Region South America

Currency Nuevo Sol (PEN)Surface area (square kms) 1 285 216


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lima (8 012)United Nations membership date 31 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 53 336 79 466 108 259Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.0 6.7 9.0GDP per capita (current US$) 2 078.3 2 913.6 3 879.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 023.2 2 727.2 3 547.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 18.3 20.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3.49 3.30 3.13Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 546 1 148 1 505Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 110 114Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 123 144Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 114 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 115 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 7.7ef 7.5 7.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) dg 18.8 41.5 42.1Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) dg 6.8 11.8 9.3Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.8 62.9 63.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.2 81.2 82.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 800 1 487h 1 812h

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 7 485 8 746 10 680i


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 27 800.1 United States 19.4 United States 17.7Imports 20 493.8 China 10.9 China 12.1

Switzerland 8.4 Brazil 9.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.2/8.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.0/68.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 21.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 71.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 71.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 535Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 107.2/105.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) j 50.9/49.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 29.2/70.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 536Forested area (% of land area) 53.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 37 006/1.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 455.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 13Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.7/22.1aa Market rate. bb Metropolitan areas. cc Metropolitan Lima. dd Age group 14 years and over. ee 2002. ffFourth quarter. gg Urban areas. hh Beginning 2002, new estimated series including tourists with identitydocument other than a passport. ii 2006. jj UNESCO estimate.

156

/��##�� Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Philippine Peso (PHP)Surface area (square kms) 300 000


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Manila (11 100)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 75 912 98 718 144 129Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.0 4.9 7.3GDP per capita (current US$) 996.1 1 167.3 1 638.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 058.8 1 263.3 1 792.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 14.4 14.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 44.19 55.09 46.15Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –2 225 1 984 5 766Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 130 142Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 10.1 7.4c 7.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 16.0 14.9 15.1Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 37.4 37.0 36.1Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.6 49.7 49.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.5 79.8 80.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 1 992 2 623 3 092Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 377 6 126 6 072e



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 50 465.7 United States 17.0 United States 14.0Imports 57 995.7 Japan 14.5 Japan 12.4

China, Hong Kong SAR 11.5 Singapore 11.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.4/6.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.9/69.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 23.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 50.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 64.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) f 0.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 302Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.5/98.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.5/45.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 78.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.2/79.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 641Forested area (% of land area) 24.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 74 958/0.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) g 248.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 201Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 25.2/31.2aa Market rate. bb October. cc Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. dd Includes nationalsresiding abroad. ee 2006. ff Data refer to foreign citizens. gg UNSD estimates.

157

/��Region Eastern Europe

Currency Zloty (PLN)Surface area (square kms) 312 685


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Warsaw (1 707)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 171 276 303 912 419 205Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.3 3.6 6.5GDP per capita (current US$) 4 456.5 7 956.7 11 008.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 421.3 7 686.7 10 537.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 18.3 22.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 4.35 3.24 2.77Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –9 981 –3 705 –15 905Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 119Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 130 159Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 95 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 95 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.1 17.7b 9.6b

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 30.8 29.2 30.7Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 18.8 17.4 14.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.3 47.6 47.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 63.5 62.5 61.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 17 400 15 200 14 975Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 75 786 74 058 72 304d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 138 785.0 Germany 25.9 Germany 24.0Imports 164 172.5 Italy 6.6 Russian Federation 8.7



Urban population in 2007 (%) 61.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 15 804Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 98.2/99.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.4/42.6Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 113.6Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/2.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.0/82.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 37Forested area (% of land area) 30.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 302 390/7.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 412.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 520Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.0/12.3aa Official rate. bb Age group 15 to 74 years. cc Average of quarterly estimates. dd 2006. ee Age group 20to 49 years. ff 1991.

158

/��Region Southern Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lisbon (2 812)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 112 650 185 309 222 982Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.9 0.7 2.2GDP per capita (current US$) 11 014.6 17 601.1 20 990.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 10 743.3 17 236.6 20 166.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.2 21.7 21.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –11 595 –17 619 –22 092Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 117 123Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 100 105Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 3.9 7.6 8.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 34.7 30.8 30.5Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 12.8 11.9 11.6Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.0 55.5 56.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 69.9 69.4 69.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 12 097d 10 612ef 12 321f

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 029 599 1 315g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 51 517.0 Spain 26.7 Spain 29.5Imports 78 325.6 Germany 12.5 Germany 12.8

France 12.0 France 8.3Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.0/22.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.2/75.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) hi 67.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 58.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 353Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 106.8/105.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.2/44.8Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) j 0.7/2.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 28.3/71.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 159Forested area (% of land area) 41.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 62 358/5.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 921.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 751Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.8/20.8aa Market rate. bb Excludes rent. cc Average of quarterly estimates. dd Excludes nationals residing abroad.e Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. ff Includes nationals residing abroad. gg 2006. hhAge group 20 to 49 years. ii Sample of all women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. jjIncludes the Azores and Madeira Islands.

159

/� ��%��Region Caribbean

Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)Surface area (square kms) 8 875


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) San Juan (2 690)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 69 208 86 464 93 483Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.3 0.6 0.9GDP per capita (current US$) 18 050.7 21 907.5 23 426.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 11 401.1 14 278.2 15 062.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 14.1 14.4Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 137a

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 106 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 106 98 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 10.1 11.3 10.9Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 22.3 19.0 19.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 1.9 2.1 1.1Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.8 37.5 38.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 59.6 59.0 58.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) de 3 341 3 686 3 687Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 14 12 13f

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 58.4 111.0 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 10.5 23.2 25.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.4/18.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.7/74.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 7.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) gh 84.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 98.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –12.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 101Forested area (% of land area) 46.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 165.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 329Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.3/30.2aa Series linked to former series. bb Excludes persons temporarily laid off. cc Age group 16 years and over.d Air arrivals. ee Source:'Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico'. ff 2006. gg Sample of all women ofreproductive age, irrespective of marital status. hh Age group 18 to 44 years.

160

>��Region Western Asia

Currency Qatari Rial (QAR)Surface area (square kms) 11 586


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Doha (385)United Nations membership date 21 September 1971

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 17 760 42 463 63 870Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.1 6.1 14.2GDP per capita (current US$) 28 797.4 53 332.6 75 977.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 28 218.7 51 564.2 72 795.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 33.6 30.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3.64 3.64 3.64Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 121 154Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 109 108 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 109 108 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 3.9c ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 38.2c 41.0d 41.6e

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 2.3c 2.7d 3.0e

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.2 40.5 41.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 89.2 91.4 91.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 378 913 964Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 60 825 84 149 99 767e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 42 019.4 Japan 40.6 United States 11.4Imports 22 004.7 Korea, Republic of 17.5 Italy 10.3

Singapore 11.3 Japan 10.0Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 95.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) i 86.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 90Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.2/104.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) j 67.6/32.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0k

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 27CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 49 816/62.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 21 805.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 75Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.6/32.7aa Official rate. bb March. cc 2001. dd 2004. ee 2006. ff Arrivals in hotels only. gg Includes guest workers. hh1998. ii Data refer to foreign citizens. jj UNESCO estimate. kk 2008.

161

% #��(��Region Eastern Europe

Currency Leu (MDL)Surface area (square kms) 33 851


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Chisinau (592)United Nations membership date 2 March 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 288 2 988 4 395Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.1 7.5 3.0GDP per capita (current US$) 310.8 770.9 1 158.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 326.2 875.0 1 298.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 24.6 33.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 12.43 12.60 12.14Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –108 –248 –747Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 163 206Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 116 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 119 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 8.5 7.3 5.1Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 13.9 16.0 18.7Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 50.9 40.6 32.8Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.4 46.9 45.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 59.8 50.3 48.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) bc 18 23 13Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 5 10 11d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 341.8 Russian Federation 17.3 Ukraine 18.6Imports 3 689.9 Romania 15.7 Russian Federation 13.5

Ukraine 12.5 Romania 12.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 18.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 20.2/13.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.5/65.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 15.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4e

Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 67.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 41.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 893Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 92.7/90.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.4/42.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.8/78.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 27Forested area (% of land area) 10.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 8 054/2.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 988.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 547Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.6/14.3aa Official rate. bb Excludes the left side of the river Nistru and the municipality of Bender. cc Visitors whohave benefited from tourism services provided by the tourism agencies and tour operators (titulars oftourism licences). dd 2006. ee 2000-2005. ff National estimate.

162

%?��Region Eastern Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Saint-Denis (143)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 115Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 102 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 36.5 29.5 24.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.0 51.5 51.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.9 65.6 65.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 430 409 381Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) c 48 50 50d

Social indicators 2000-2007Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 25.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.5/9.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 80.5/72.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) ef 66.6g


Threatened species in 2008 104Forested area (% of land area) 33.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 275/2.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 943.0aa Market rate. bb Second quarter. cc UNSD estimates. dd 2006. ee Age group 20 to 44 years. ff Sample ofall women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. gg 1997.

163

%��Region Eastern Europe

Currency Leu (RON) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 89.9Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bucharest (1 942)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 37 025 98 905 161 279Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.2 4.2 6.0GDP per capita (current US$) 1 672.5 4 573.1 7 523.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 660.2 4 438.4 7 251.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 23.1 28.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 2.17 2.91 2.44Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 355 –8 621 –23 136Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 232 259Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 125 142Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 89 110 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 89 110 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 7.1 7.2 6.4Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.2 30.3 31.4Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 42.8 32.1 29.5Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.5 47.0 46.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 70.8 61.7 59.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 5 264 5 839 7 722Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 25 363 24 129 24 408d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 40 264.7 Italy 17.2 Germany 17.2Imports 69 946.2 Germany 17.0 Italy 12.8

France 7.7 Hungary 6.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.9/18.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.7Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.1/69.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 14.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) e 70.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 54.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 180Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 91.1/91.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.4/44.6Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 70.3Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.4/3.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.8/90.2f

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 60Forested area (% of land area) 27.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 89 076/4.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 628.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 595Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.7/16.5aa Beginning 1 July 2005, 1 new Leu (RON) = 10000 old Leu (ROL). bb Principal rate. cc Visitors. dd 2006.e Age group 15 to 44 years. ff 2008.

164

%��! � ��Region Eastern Europe

Currency Russian Ruble (RUB)Surface area (square kms) 17 098 240


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Moscow (10 452)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 259 718 764 382 1 289 582Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 10.1 6.4 8.1GDP per capita (current US$) 1 761.7 5 309.9 9 049.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 716.1 5 177.2 8 789.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 17.8 21.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 28.13 28.28 25.58Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 46 839 84 409 76 163Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 200 239Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 130 150Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 113 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 9.8 7.2 6.1Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 28.4 29.8 29.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 14.5 10.2 9.0Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.0 55.6 57.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.0 68.2 69.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 21 169 22 201 22 909Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 968 159 1 188 192 1 210 122d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 352 266.4 Netherlands 11.9 Germany 13.3Imports 199 726.0 Italy 6.4 China 12.2

Germany 5.3 Ukraine 6.7Social indicators 2000-2007



Threatened species in 2008 158Forested area (% of land area) 47.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 503 303/10.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 4 487.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 691Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 1.2/8.9aa Official rate. bb Age group 15 to 72 years. cc Visitors. dd 2006. ee Age group 15 to 44 years. ff 1999.

165

%��Region Eastern Africa

Currency Rwanda Franc (RWF)Surface area (square kms) 26 338


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kigali (860)United Nations membership date 18 September 1962

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 749 2 387 3 442Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.3 7.2 6.0GDP per capita (current US$) 213.9 258.5 353.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 212.8 255.5 351.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 15.7 18.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 389.70 557.82 546.96Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –94 –84 –147Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 138 164Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 121 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 121 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 83.6 81.0 80.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.0 79.7 79.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 104 ... ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) c 11 12 10d

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 2.7 6.8Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.6 1.1d


Exports 183.5 United Kingdom 18.7 Kenya 17.8Imports 696.9 Kenya 18.7 Uganda 14.0

Belgium 14.0 United Arab Emirates 7.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.5/3.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 47.8/44.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 112.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 17.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 18.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 63 806Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 70.1/68.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) e 39.0/61.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 50.9/49.1f

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 52Forested area (% of land area) 19.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 605/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 23.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 028aa Official rate. bb Kigali. cc UNSD estimates. dd 2006. ee UNESCO estimate. ff Based on 2008 data for LowerHouse and 2003 data for Upper House or Senate.

166

��'��: ��Region Caribbean



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Basseterre (13)United Nations membership date 23 September 1983

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 329 438 527Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.3 4.8 3.3GDP per capita (current US$) 7 148.5 8 912.2 10 447.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 6 494.7 8 216.8 9 731.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.6 45.5 50.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.70 2.70 2.70Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –66 –65 –135Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 60 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 60 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 73 141 117Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 57.1 83.0c ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.7 30.4 34.7Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 34.1 United States 86.5 United States 58.8Imports 271.7 United Kingdom 2.3 Trinidad and Tobago 10.8

Antigua and Barbuda 1.8 Japan 3.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) de 1.3f



Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) de 98.8f

Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) e 70.7/68.2h

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) e 24.3i

Urban population in 2007 (%) 32.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 9.6Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 9.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) j 101.6/94.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.7/93.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 35Forested area (% of land area) 14.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 136/2.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 1 051.0aa Official rate. bb Air arrivals. cc 2004. dd De facto estimate. ee Data compiled by the United NationsDemographic Yearbook system. ff 2001. gg 2000. hh 1998. ii 1994-1998. jj UNESCO estimate. kk UNSDestimates.

167

��6��Region Caribbean



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Castries (14)United Nations membership date 18 September 1979

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 707 878 958Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.4 5.7 3.2GDP per capita (current US$) 4 627.3 5 442.3 5 809.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 333.1 5 085.2 5 438.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 23.3 28.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.70 2.70 2.70Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –95 –150 –320Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 114b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 74 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 74 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.4 21.0c ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 20.3 16.1c ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 20.8 14.8c ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 50.6 51.7 51.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.0 78.7 78.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 270 318 287Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 33.3 ... ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 5.2 43.5 66.7Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 93.7 ... United States 41.6Imports 616.0 ... Trinidad and Tobago 19.9

... Japan 6.3Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 27.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.9Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 105.4/102.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 84.6/15.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.2/82.8i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 44Forested area (% of land area) 27.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 370/2.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) j 771.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) k 1 399Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) k 24.5/30.0aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc 2004. dd Industry excludes mining and quarrying. ee Excludes nationals residingabroad. ff Age group 15 to 44 years. gg 1988. hh UNESCO estimate. ii Based on 2006 data for Lower Houseand 2007 data for Upper House or Senate. jj UNSD estimates. kk Vieux-Fort.

168

�� .� �� Region Caribbean



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kingstown (26)United Nations membership date 16 September 1980

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 335 445 561Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.8 3.7 6.7GDP per capita (current US$) 2 890.8 3 736.0 4 660.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 724.7 3 524.5 4 396.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.3 32.7 39.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.70 2.70 2.70Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –24 –99 –149Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 109 120Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 111 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 111 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 19.6c ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 15.4c ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.7 52.3 53.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.3 80.0 80.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 73 96 90Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 2 2e



Exports 38.1 United Kingdom 25.5 United States 32.7Imports 271.3 Trinidad and Tobago 14.7 Trinidad and Tobago 25.9

Barbados 13.9 United Kingdom 7.1Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 46.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 7.9Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.2/94.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.2/81.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 38Forested area (% of land area) 27.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 191/1.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 662.0aa Official rate. bb Saint Vincent. cc 2001. dd Air arrivals. ee 2006. ff Age group 15 to 44 years. gg 1988. hhUNSD estimates.

169

��Region Oceania-Polynesia

Currency Tala (WST)Surface area (square kms) 2 831


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Apia (43)United Nations membership date 15 December 1976

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 232 425 514Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.1 5.2 4.7GDP per capita (current US$) 1 308.4 2 311.4 2 750.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 308.5 2 180.7 2 695.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.2 10.4 9.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3.29 2.71 2.62Balance of payments, current account (million US$) ... –24 0Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 133 138c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 41.6 40.9 40.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.8 76.3 76.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 88 102 122Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) d 3 3 3c

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 6.3 24.3 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.6 3.4 4.5c


Exports 97.5 Australia 81.3 New Zealand 30.7Imports 265.6 New Zealand 8.9 Australia 15.7

American Samoa 4.6 United States 12.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.5/6.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 108.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.9/68.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 22.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 22.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.0Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 92.8/88.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) e 44.4/55.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.2/91.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 73Forested area (% of land area) 60.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 150/0.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 303.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 965Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.5/30.2aa Official rate. bb Excludes rent. cc 2006. dd UNSD estimates. ee UNESCO estimate.

170

��(��Region Southern Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) San Marino (4)United Nations membership date 2 March 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 774 1 375 1 703Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.2 2.3 4.5GDP per capita (current US$) 28 719.6 45 522.5 55 054.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 25 129.7 39 924.8 48 284.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 42.9 53.0 52.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Consumer price index (2000=100) b ... 103 108Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 2.8 2.1 1.6e

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cf 41.2g 39.3 37.7Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 0.5g 0.5 0.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) hi 43 50 69Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 128.9 140.7 142.2e


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) jk 0.8e

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) jk 15.0l

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) jk 23.2/19.7l

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) jk 95.4e

Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) k 84.0/77.4m

Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) kn 3.4o

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) k 1.3l

Urban population in 2007 (%) 94.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 37.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.9/42.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.0/85.0p

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 1Forested area (% of land area) 1.6aa Market rate. bb Index base 2003=100. cc December. dd Official estimates. ee 2006. ff Industry refers tomanufacturing and construction only. gg 2001. hh Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similarestablishments. ii Includes Italian tourists. jj De facto estimate. kk Data compiled by the United NationsDemographic Yearbook system. ll 2004. mm 2000. nn Rate based on 30 or fewer events. oo 2002-2006. pp2008.

171

��=�� /��# Region Middle Africa

Currency Dobra (STD)Surface area (square kms) 964


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) São Tomé (58)United Nations membership date 16 September 1975

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 77 115 144Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.5 5.7 6.0GDP per capita (current US$) 547.4 750.1 911.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 500.1 712.2 865.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.8 34.1 64.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 7 978.17 10 558.00 13 536.80Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –19 –36 –67Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 109 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 109 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 19.2 ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 27.9 ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 38.2 40.7 42.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 70.3 71.5 70.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 7 16 12c




Exports 3.9 Portugal 33.3 Portugal 64.7Imports 71.1 Netherlands 25.6 Angola 20.0

Belgium 15.4 Belgium 4.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.7/5.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.4/63.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 72.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 29.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 59.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) e 3.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR f 0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 92.6/93.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 7.3/92.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 66Forested area (% of land area) 28.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 103/0.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 236.0aa Official rate. bb Age group 10 years and over. cc 2006. dd UNSD estimates. ee Data refer to foreign citizens.f Value is zero, not available or not applicable. gg UNESCO estimate.

172

��Region Western Asia

Currency Saudi Riyal (SAR)Surface area (square kms) 2 149 690


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Riyadh (4 465)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945


Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 100 107Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 112 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 112 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.6 ... 5.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 19.9 ... 19.8Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 6.1 ... 4.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 16.6 18.4 19.1Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.8 80.2 80.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 6 585 8 037 11 531Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 485 277 575 237 569 645b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 234 950.8 Japan 26.8 United States 13.6Imports 90 214.0 United States 17.5 China 9.7

United Arab Emirates 3.6 Germany 8.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) d 2.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 33.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.1/4.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) d 121.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.3/70.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 18.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 31.8e

Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1International migrant stock (% of total population) f 27.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 311 035Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) g 58.6/41.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 97Forested area (% of land area) 1.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 381 111/16.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 6 281.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 99Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 19.7/32.9aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc All cities. dd Includes guest workers. ee 1996. ff Data refer to foreign citizens.g UNESCO estimate.

173

� � ��Region Western Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dakar (2 604)United Nations membership date 28 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 680 8 687 11 244Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.2 5.6 5.1GDP per capita (current US$) 452.9 738.1 908.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 449.0 733.1 905.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 22.9 28.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 711.98 527.47 479.27Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –332 –677 –861b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 108 116Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 140 144Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 100 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d ... ... 11.1b

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... ... 14.8b

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... ... 33.7b

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 60.8 61.0 61.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 88.2 86.8 86.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 389 387 406b

Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 36 32b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 546.3 Mali 24.0 France 22.9Imports 4 871.4 France 9.5 Nigeria 8.4

India 6.7 Netherlands 7.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 41.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/6.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.1/61.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 65.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 11.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 22 959Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 49.5/53.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 8.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 29.2/70.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 64Forested area (% of land area) 45.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 071/0.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 85.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 514Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.7/27.6aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Dakar. dd Household survey. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels andsimilar establishments. ff UNESCO estimate.

174

� ��Region Southern Europe

Currency Dinar (RSD)Surface area (square kms) 88 361


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Belgrade (1 099)United Nations membership date 1 November 2000

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) a 9 034 26 193 40 034Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) a 4.5 6.2 7.5GDP per capita (current US$) a 1 201.9 3 520.2 5 382.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) a 1 151.6 3 483.5 5 325.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) a 12.3 17.3 18.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 63.17 66.71 58.45Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 330 392Industrial production index (2000=100) 100c 107c 117Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) c 92 112 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) c 92 112 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d ... 20.8 18.1Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d ... 27.6 29.5Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d ... 23.3 20.8Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) c 51.7 51.9 52.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) c 65.8 66.8 67.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 312f 453 696Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) c 10 596 9 457 9 663g

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) ... ... 116.1Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... ... 15.2Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 8 824.7 Italy 12.4 Russian Federation 14.2Imports 18 553.6 Bosnia-Herzegovina 11.8 Germany 11.8

Montenegro 10.8 Italy 9.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.8/18.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.3/71.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) c 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 41.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 326 853Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 91.5/89.8Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.3/2.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.6/78.4i

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 43Forested area (% of land area) 26.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) c 52 498/5.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 1 472.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 683Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 7.8/16.7aa Excludes Kosovo. bb Official rate. cc Refers to Serbia and Montenegro. dd October. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. ff 2002. gg 2006. hh UNESCO estimate.i 2008.

175

� $�� Region Eastern Africa

Currency Seychelles Ruppe (SCR)Surface area (square kms) 455


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Victoria (26)United Nations membership date 21 September 1976

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 618 723 710Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.1 1.2 5.3GDP per capita (current US$) 7 618.7 8 448.5 8 202.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 7 116.5 7 980.0 7 740.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.6 11.7 44.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 5.71 5.50 6.70Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –54 –210 –175b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 122c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 100 ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 130 129 161Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 60.4 99.5 115.5Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 7.8 26.0 36.9Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 360.1 Saudi Arabia 26.2 Saudi Arabia 24.9Imports 859.2 United Kingdom 22.4 Germany 9.6

France 19.5 Singapore 8.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) de 0.5b

Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) de 25.0f

Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) de 12.3/8.5f

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) de 102.8b

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) e 2.2b

Urban population in 2007 (%) 53.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 12.8Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 121.9/115.5Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 23.5/76.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 155Forested area (% of land area) 88.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 579/6.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 877.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 172Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.4/29.8aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Series linked to former series. dd De facto estimate. ee Data compiled by theUnited Nations Demographic Yearbook system. ff 2005. gg National estimate.

176

�� 6 �� Region Western Africa

Currency Leone (SLL)Surface area (square kms) 71 740


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Freetown (827)United Nations membership date 27 September 1961

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 921 1 496 1 935Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.8 7.5 6.5GDP per capita (current US$) 203.7 267.9 329.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 183.4 258.8 322.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.0 8.6 4.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2 092.12 2 889.59 2 985.19Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –112 –171 –238Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 136 166Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 114 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 114 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cdef ... 2.8g ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 6.5g ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 68.5g ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 63.4 65.1 64.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.6 67.3 67.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) h 16 40 32Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 2 2i

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 ... ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.2 0.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.2/5.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 44.2/41.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 160.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 5.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 37.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 385Government education expenditure (% of GDP) j 3.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 87.4/101.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 28.8/71.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.2/86.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 94Forested area (% of land area) 38.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 938/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 34.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 946Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.8/29.9aa Market rate. bb Freetown. cc December. dd Population census. ee Refers to the usually active population.f Age group 10 years and over. gg 2004. hh Air arrivals. ii 2006. jj UNESCO estimate. kk UNSD estimates.

177

��#�� Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Singaporean Dollar (SGD)Surface area (square kms) 699


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Singapore (4 436)United Nations membership date 21 September 1965


Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 103 106Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 123 144Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 68 116 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 68 116 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) de 3.8f 5.8g 4.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) dh 33.8 24.0g 22.6Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 0.0 0.8gi 1.1i

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.3 53.5 53.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.7 77.3 76.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 6 062 7 079 7 957Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 116.8 143.2 168.6Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 32.4 61.0 70.0Total trade Major trading partners 2007

(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 299 297.4 Malaysia 12.9 Malaysia 13.1Imports 263 154.9 China, Hong Kong SAR 10.5 United States 12.4

Indonesia 9.8 China 12.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 16.9/14.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.9/78.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) j 62.0k

Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 39.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 34Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 80.9/85.1l

Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) m 360.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 24.5/75.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 267Forested area (% of land area) 3.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 56 275/13.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 240.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 150Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.9/30.9aa Market rate. bb 2006. cc Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. dd June. ee Citizens andpermanent residents. ff 2001. gg 2004. hh Industry refers to manufacturing and construction only. ii Agri-culture includes mining and quarrying, electricity, gas and water supply and not classifiable by economicactivity. jj Age group 15 to 44 years. kk 1997. ll 1991. mm World Association of Newspapers.

178

��Region Eastern Europe



Population density in 2007 (per square km) 109.9Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bratislava (425)

United Nations membership date 19 January 1993Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 20 448 47 428 73 852Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.7 6.0 8.7GDP per capita (current US$) 3 795.4 8 804.2 13 701.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 783.1 8 579.5 13 283.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 26.9 25.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –694 –4 005 –4 103Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 133 143Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 128 159Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 91 105 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 91 106 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 18.6 16.2 11.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 37.3de 38.8d 39.4c

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 6.7de 4.7d 4.2c

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.7 51.3 51.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.2 68.6 68.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 1 053 1 515 1 685Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 133 2 930 2 910g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 57 801.8 Germany 21.5 Germany 19.9Imports 57 754.0 Czech Republic 12.4 Czech Republic 11.5

France 6.8 Russian Federation 9.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.7/15.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.5/70.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 774Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.9/95.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.7/42.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 125.7Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.1/2.3h


Threatened species in 2008 39Forested area (% of land area) 40.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 36 640/6.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 747.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 557Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.7/15.2aa Beginning 1 January 2009, the Slovak Koruna (SKK) was replaced by the euro (1 EUR=SKK 30.126).b Market rate. cc Excludes persons on child-care leave. dd Average of quarterly estimates. ee Excludeswomen on child-care leave. ff Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation estab-lishments. gg 2006. hh Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

179

�� Region Southern Europe



Population density in 2007 (per square km) 98.8Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ljubljana (244)

United Nations membership date 22 May 1992Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 19 603 35 122 45 908Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.1 4.2 6.1GDP per capita (current US$) 9 882.4 17 566.2 22 936.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 9 893.2 17 414.7 22 456.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.3 25.5 28.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –548 –681 –2 293Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 131 139Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 117 131Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 7.2 5.8 4.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 37.4 37.2 34.2Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 9.5 8.8 10.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.9 52.4 52.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 64.7 65.4 65.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 1 090 1 555 1 751Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 720 1 794 1 778f



Croatia 8.0 Austria 12.5Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 48.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 408Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.9/97.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.4/41.6Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 172.8Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) j </0.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.0/90.0k

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 77Forested area (% of land area) 62.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 14 847/7.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 758.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 368Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.9/15.0aa Beginning 1 January 2007, the Slovenian tolar (SIT) was replaced by the euro (1 EUR=SIT 239.64). bbMarket rate. cc Urban areas. dd Second quarter. ee Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accom-modation establishments. ff 2006. gg Age group 15 to 44 years. hh 1994/95. ii World Association ofNewspapers. jj Rate based on 30 or fewer events. kk Based on 2008 data for Lower House and 2007 datafor Upper House or Senate.

180

��Region Oceania-Melanesia

Currency S.I. Dollar (SBD)Surface area (square kms) 28 896


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Honiara (66)United Nations membership date 19 September 1978

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 338 374 485Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –14.2 5.0 6.3GDP per capita (current US$) 814.1 792.2 977.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 811.9 792.7 970.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 19.1 19.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 5.09 7.53 7.65Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –41 –90 –97b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 149 161b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 105 119 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 105 119 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.2 54.5 54.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.9 81.4 80.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 9d 14Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.1 2.8 3.0b



Exports 158.5 China 46.6 Australia 31.2Imports 285.0 Thailand 7.2 Singapore 27.1

Philippines 7.1 Japan 8.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/5.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 107.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 64.5/62.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 54.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 17.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.3Government education expenditure (% of GDP) e 3.3f

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 62.9/67.4Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 10.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 211Forested area (% of land area) 77.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 176/0.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 123.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) i 3 290Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) i 23.2/30.1aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Honiara. dd Without 1st quarter. ee UNESCO estimate. ff 1999. gg World Associationof Newspapers. hh UNSD estimates. ii Auki.

181


Currency Somali Shilling (SOS)Surface area (square kms) 637 657


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Mogadishu (1 100)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 071 2 316 2 533Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.5 2.4 2.7GDP per capita (current US$) 293.5 282.5 291.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 284.0 273.4 281.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 20.3 20.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 10 460.00 15 141.00 14 406.00Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.1 53.9 54.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 88.6 88.3 88.5Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.5 7.3 8.1Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 1.1 1.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.8/4.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 49.4/46.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 116.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.0Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 14.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2International migrant stock (% of total population) b 0.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 011 824Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.2/91.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 123Forested area (% of land area) 11.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 590/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 21.0aa Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.b Estimates. cc UNSD estimates.

182


Currency Rand (ZAR)Surface area (square kms) 1 221 037


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Johannesburg (3 435)United Nations membership date 7 November 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 132 878 242 332 283 008Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.2 5.0 5.1GDP per capita (current US$) 2 926.9 5 055.0 5 826.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 857.0 4 952.0 5 643.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 16.9 20.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 6.94 6.36 7.05Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –191 –9 723 –20 631Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 128 144Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 114 120Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 110 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 105 111 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 25.4 26.7 23.0Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 24.2 25.6 26.0Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 15.6 7.5 8.8Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.4 46.5 47.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 61.5 60.3 60.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 5 872 7 369 9 091Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) f 128 191 135 154 135 000g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 64 026.6 United States 11.8 Germany 11.7Imports 79 872.6 Japan 11.0 China 10.7

Germany 8.0 United States 7.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.3/6.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 49.7/48.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 44.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 60.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR h 207 601Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.4Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 101.1/101.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.1/44.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 29.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) i 33.9/66.1Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 398Forested area (% of land area) 7.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 408 793/8.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 2 257.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 713Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.1/21.9aa Principal rate. bb Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. cc September. dd Age group15 to 65 years. ee Excludes arrivals by work and contract workers. ff Southern Africa Customs Union:Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. gg 2006. hh Asylum-seekers (pending cases)refers to 89,000 undecided cases at first instance (at the end of 2007) and 82,000 in the backlogprocedure (at the end of 2006; no update available). ii Figures on distribution of seats do not include the36 special rotating delegates appointed on ad hoc basis, therefore all percentages given are calculatedbased on 54 permanent seats.

183

�#��Region Southern Europe



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Madrid (5 567)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 580 673 1 129 744 1 436 893Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.1 3.6 3.8GDP per capita (current US$) 14 434.0 26 032.5 32 450.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 14 312.5 25 667.3 31 617.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 29.4 31.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –23 185 –83 388 –145 355Consumer price index (2000=100) b ... 114 121Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 102 109Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 96 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 96 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 13.9 9.2d 8.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 31.2 29.9 29.3Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 6.7 5.3 4.5Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.9 45.8 47.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.4 68.1 68.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 47 898 55 914 59 193Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 16 921 15 669 16 154e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 253 753.9 France 18.8 Germany 15.3Imports 391 236.9 Germany 10.8 France 12.3

Italy 8.9 Italy 8.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.9/22.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 84.2/77.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 65.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 77.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 14.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 5 167Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 113.5/110.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.9/46.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) f 144.5Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) g </1.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.6/66.4h

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 218Forested area (% of land area) 35.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 343 702/7.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 804.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 436Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 9.7/19.5aa Market rate. bb Index base 2001=100. cc Age group 16 years and over. dd Methodology revised, datanot strictly comparable. ee 2006. ff World Association of Newspapers. gg Includes the Balearic and CanaryIslands, and Alhucemas, Ceuta, Chafarinas, Melilla and Penon de Vélez de la Gomera. hh 2008.

184

��6��Region South-central Asia

Currency Sri Lanka Rupee (LKR)Surface area (square kms) 65 610


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Colombo (656)United Nations membership date 14 December 1955

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 16 717 24 272 32 347Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.1 6.2 6.8GDP per capita (current US$) 893.3 1 269.4 1 676.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 877.3 1 253.6 1 657.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 23.5 24.7Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 77.01 100.50 110.62Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 044 –743 –1 465Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 160 213Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 8.0cd 7.2e 6.0e

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 44.7fg 25.2e 26.6e

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 24.2fg 30.3e 31.3e

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 38.4 40.8 42.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.9 75.2 75.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) h 400 549 494Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 275 297 399i


(million US$)j (% of exports)j (% of imports)j

Exports 6 159.9 United States 32.2 India 17.3Imports 8 307.1 United Kingdom 12.6 Singapore 8.9

India 9.1 China, Hong Kong SAR 7.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.8/11.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.2/68.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 15.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) k 1.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 620 547Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.2l

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) m 95.5/92.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) n 26.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 5.8/94.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 534Forested area (% of land area) 29.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 018/0.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 198.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 524Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.1/30.6aa Market rate. bb Colombo. cc Fourth quarter. dd Excludes Northern province. ee Excludes Northern andEastern provinces. ff 2001. gg Age group 10 years and over. hh Excludes nationals residing abroad. ii 2006.j 2005. kk Data refer to foreign citizens. ll 1991. mm UNESCO estimate. nn World Association of Newspapers.

185

��Region Northern Africa

Currency Sudanese Pound (SDG) a

Surface area (square kms) 2 505 813Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 38 560

Population density in 2007 (per square km) 15.4Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Khartoum (4 754)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 13 134 33 153 55 648Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.4 8.7 10.5GDP per capita (current US$) 393.8 898.5 1 443.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 376.7 917.0 1 408.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 18.9 19.0Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 2.57 2.44 2.02Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –557 –3 013 –3 447Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 117 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 116 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 29.6 30.4 31.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.7 72.1 71.6Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 38 246c 328cd



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 5 478.7 ... China 16.4Imports 9 853.6 ... Saudi Arabia 14.5

... Japan 7.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.6/5.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.1/57.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 64.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 7.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 695 573Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.0e

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 49.4/55.4Third-level students (women and men, % of total) f 47.2/52.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.8/83.2Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 105Forested area (% of land area) 28.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 10 618/0.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 108.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 162Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.7/37.1aa Beginning 1 July 2007, 1 (new) Sudanese Pound (SDG) = 100 dinar (SDD). bb Principal rate. cc Includesnationals residing abroad. dd 2006. ee 1991. ff UNESCO estimate.

186

�� Region South America

Currency Surinamese Dollar (SRD)Surface area (square kms) 163 820


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Paramaribo (252)United Nations membership date 4 December 1975

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 775 1 543 2 044Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.0 5.8 5.5GDP per capita (current US$) 1 774.9 3 410.5 4 463.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 913.1 3 786.8 4 999.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 68.7 83.9 86.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.32 2.73 0.00Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 32 –144 185Consumer price index (2000=100) bc ... 171 ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 107 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d ... 23.0e ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d ... 8.0e ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.5 37.3 37.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 64.3 64.9 65.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 57f 160 163Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 664 708 731g



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 359.1 ... United States 31.8Imports 1 044.3 ... Netherlands 20.3

... Trinidad and Tobago 18.0Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.2/8.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.6/67.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 27.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 42.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 74.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8International migrant stock (% of total population) h 7.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.7/91.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 62.0/38.0Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 80.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.5/74.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 59Forested area (% of land area) 94.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 374/5.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 416.0aa Market rate. bb Index base 2001=100. cc Paramaribo. dd August. ee 2004. ff Arrivals at Zanderij airport.g 2006. hh Data refer to foreign citizens.

187


Currency Lilangeni (SZL)Surface area (square kms) 17 364


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Mbabane (78)United Nations membership date 24 September 1968

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 388 2 557 2 876Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.1 2.3 2.4GDP per capita (current US$) 1 311.3 2 273.7 2 520.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 374.0 2 291.1 2 526.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 23.4 25.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 6.94 6.36 7.05Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –46 86 98b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 140 ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 102 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 105 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 64.2 62.5 62.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.3 69.7 68.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 281d 839 870Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 6.4 22.8 28.6Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.0 4.0 4.1b


Exports 1 082.3 South Africa 45.2 South Africa 92.9Imports 1 164.2 Botswana 31.6 Namibia 2.2

United Kingdom 14.2 Lesotho 1.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 38.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.2/4.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 39.4/39.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 71.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 46.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 24.6Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 041Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 78.7/83.2Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 49.8/50.2Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 24.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 22.1/77.9e

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 25Forested area (% of land area) 31.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 956/0.9Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 442Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.4/22.5aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. dd Arrivalsin hotels only. ee 2008.

188


Currency Swedish Krona (SEK)Surface area (square kms) 450 295


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Stockholm (1 264)United Nations membership date 19 November 1946


Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 108 111Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 109 116Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 99 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.7c 6.0cd 6.1e

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 24.6f 22.0f 21.6Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 2.4f 2.0f 2.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.1 60.4 60.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.3 69.2 68.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 2 746 3 133 3 434Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 11 884 12 982 11 605b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 169 251.8 Germany 10.4 Germany 18.4Imports 151 430.9 Norway 9.4 Denmark 9.2

United States 7.6 Norway 8.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 31.1/25.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 83.0/78.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) h 75.2i

Urban population in 2007 (%) 84.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<International migrant stock (% of total population) 14.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 108 372Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.1Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.3/99.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.6/40.4Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 480.6Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.7/1.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 47.0/53.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 32Forested area (% of land area) 66.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 48 511/5.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 006.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 539Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 3.6/10.0aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Age group 16 to 64 years. dd Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable.e Age group 15 to 74 years. ff Average of monthly estimates. gg Arrivals of non-resident tourists in alltypes of accommodation establishments. hh Age group 18 to 44 years. ii 1996. jj World Association ofNewspapers.

189

�� Region Western Europe

Currency Swiss Franc (CHF)Surface area (square kms) 41 284


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Zurich (1 108)United Nations membership date 10 September 2002

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 249 912 372 375 423 434Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.6 2.4 3.1GDP per capita (current US$) 34 407.9 50 155.7 56 578.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 36 936.6 54 877.0 60 861.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 21.7 21.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.69 1.25 1.20Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 32 830 51 322 58 017Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 104 106Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 101 119Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 100 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 100 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 2.7 4.4 3.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 25.7 23.7 22.9Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 4.5 3.8 4.0Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 58.3 59.6 59.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.3 75.1 74.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 7 821 7 229 8 448Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) d 5 589 4 887 5 261e



Exports 172 078.1 Germany 20.3 Germany 32.6Imports 161 180.2 United States 9.7 Italy 10.7

Italy 8.8 France 9.5Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 23.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 56 478Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.8Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.3/96.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 46.9/53.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 420.0Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/0.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 27.2/72.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 48Forested area (% of land area) 30.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 41 165/5.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 2 638.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 086Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.9/12.7aa Official rate. bb Second quarter. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.d Includes Liechtenstein. ee 2006. ff Age group 20 to 49 years. gg 1994/95. hh World Association ofNewspapers.

190

�$��% #��Region Western Asia

Currency Syrian Pound (SYP)Surface area (square kms) 185 180


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Aleppo (2 738)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 19 651 28 102 37 525Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.6 4.5 3.9GDP per capita (current US$) 1 190.2 1 487.4 1 883.0Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 081.5 1 360.6 1 730.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 24.1 23.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 11.22 11.22 11.22Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 061 295 890b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 122 134b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 118 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 120 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 11.2d 10.3ef ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.1 25.6e ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 32.9 27.0e ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 18.4 20.1 20.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.1 78.8 78.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 801d 3 368 4 566Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 34 023 28 030 26 839b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 11 545.7 Italy 23.7 Russian Federation 9.8Imports 14 655.1 France 11.5 China 8.0

Saudi Arabia 10.6 Italy 6.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 35.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.7/4.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.1/72.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 16.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 58.3Urban population in 2007 (%) 53.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8International migrant stock (% of total population) g 9.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR h 1 809 677Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9i

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 86.4/90.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.4/87.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 68Forested area (% of land area) 2.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 68 429/3.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 969.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 329Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.9/23.8aa Principal rate. bb 2006. cc September. dd 2001. ee 2003. ff Methodology revised, data not strictly compa-rable. gg Data refer to foreign citizens. hh Refugee figures for Iraqis in the Syrian Arab Republic areGovernment estimates. ii 1991.

191

=��Region South-central Asia

Currency Somoni (TJS) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 47.1Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dushanbe (553)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 861 2 312 3 738Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.3 6.7 7.8GDP per capita (current US$) 139.4 353.0 554.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 171.5 451.3 701.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 7.4 11.1 12.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 1.83 3.12 3.44Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –15c –19 –495Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 154 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 158 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 2.7 2.0 2.5Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e ... 17.9f ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e ... 55.5f ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.3 52.4 56.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 53.8 61.2 67.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 4 ... ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 260 1 565 1 541g

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 3.6 8.4 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 0.3 ...Social indicators 2000-2007


Threatened species in 2008 42Forested area (% of land area) 2.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 236/0.8Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 517.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 653Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.1/22.0aa Prior to November 2000, Ruble. bb Official rate. cc 2002. dd Employment office records. ee Age group notspecified. ff 2004. gg 2006.

192

=��Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Baht (THB)Surface area (square kms) 513 120


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bangkok (6 704)United Nations membership date 16 December 1946

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 122 725 176 420 245 351Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.8 4.5 4.8GDP per capita (current US$) 2 023.0 2 800.2 3 840.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 991.4 2 664.4 3 718.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 28.9 26.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 40.11 40.22 34.52Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 9 313 –7 647 14 921Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 120Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 156 181Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 104 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 2.4d 1.4 1.2Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 17.9 20.2c 20.7c

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 48.5 42.6c 41.7c

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 66.6 66.7 65.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.2 80.9 80.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 9 579e 11 567e 14 464Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 30 885 39 556 40 128f


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 153 571.1 United States 12.6 Japan 20.9Imports 143 761.4 Japan 11.8 China 11.8

China 9.7 United States 6.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 14.9/12.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.0/66.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 71.5Urban population in 2007 (%) 32.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 139 127Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.2/90.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.0/49.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.7/87.3g

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 443Forested area (% of land area) 28.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 270 894/4.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 237.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 498Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.1/32.7aa Official rate. bb Manufacturing. cc Third quarter. dd Age group 13 years and over. ee Includes nationalsresiding abroad. ff 2006. gg Based on 2007 data for Lower House and 2008 data for Upper House orSenate.

193

=� �� @��% #��(�� Region Southern Europe

Currency Denar (MKD)Surface area (square kms) 25 713


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Skopje (480)United Nations membership date 8 April 1993

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 587 5 816 7 549Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.6 4.1 5.0GDP per capita (current US$) 1 785.2 2 859.7 3 703.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 762.5 2 803.9 3 668.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 17.1 19.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 65.90 49.28 44.73Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –72 –81 –24b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 115Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 93 100Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 104 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 103 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 30.5cd 37.3 34.9Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 33.3de 32.3 31.3Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 23.9de 19.5 18.2Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.9 42.1 41.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.3 63.9 65.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 224 197 230Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 126 1 983 1 931b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 3 356.2 Serbia 19.1 Russian Federation 12.3Imports 5 227.6 Germany 14.4 Germany 10.0

Greece 12.5 Serbia 8.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 20.1/15.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.0/72.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 15.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 13.5Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 397Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 87.6/88.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.7/43.3Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 88.8Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.6/4.9g

Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 31.7/68.3h

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 36Forested area (% of land area) 35.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 10 270/5.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 545.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 504Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.0/18.2aa Market rate. bb 2006. cc 2001. dd April. ee 2002. ff Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accom-modation establishments. gg Rate based on 30 or fewer events. hh 2008.

194

=��16 Region South-eastern Asia

Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)Surface area (square kms) 14 874


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dili (159)United Nations membership date 27 September 2002

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 316 350 453Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.7 2.3 16.2GDP per capita (current US$) 386.3 327.8 392.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 394.9 650.9 1 404.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.7 20.7 28.1Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 113 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 114 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.8 56.1 57.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.3 82.0 83.1Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) ... 7 394 7 407a

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) ... 3.7 7.0Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... 0.1 0.1a

Total trade Major trading partners 2007(million US$)b (% of exports)b (% of imports)b

Exports 43.5 Australia 53.6 Indonesia 47.0Imports 101.6 United States 23.9 Singapore 14.6

Germany 3.9 Australia 13.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.2/4.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 61.7/60.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 66.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 10.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 26.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR c 72 595Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 76.8/81.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) d 52.9/47.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 29.2/70.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 15Forested area (% of land area) 53.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 176/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 55.0aa 2006. bb 2005. cc UNHCR's assistance activities for internally displaced persons in Timor-Leste endedin July 2007. dd National estimate. ee UNSD estimates.

195

=��Region Western Africa



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lomé (1 452)United Nations membership date 20 September 1960


Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 114 117Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 117 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 112 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.4 52.1 51.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.3 86.7 86.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 60 81 86Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 17 6 8b



Exports 280.0 Niger 12.7 France 19.2Imports 787.1 Benin 10.9 China 15.8

India 9.8 Netherlands 11.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.7/4.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.1/56.7Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 88.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 16.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 41.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.7Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 858Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 59.4/80.8Third-level students (women and men, % of total) e 16.9/83.1Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 1.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 44Forested area (% of land area) 7.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 345/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 61.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 877Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.1/30.7aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Lomé. dd Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.e UNESCO estimate.

196

=��Region Oceania-Polynesia

Currency Pa'anga (TOP)Surface area (square kms) 747


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nuku'alofa (25)United Nations membership date 14 September 1999

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 155 218 248Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 –2.2 –3.5GDP per capita (current US$) 1 580.2 2 189.9 2 470.5Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 576.9 2 144.4 2 650.6Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 17.7 18.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.76 1.94 1.97Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 0 –14 –15b

Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 160 181Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 5.2d ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 30.6d ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 31.8d ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.2 51.7 52.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.5 72.5 70.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 35 42 39b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 8.0 New Zealand 33.8 New Zealand 33.7Imports 142.6 United States 31.3 Singapore 21.3

Japan 13.8 Australia 11.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.5/8.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 104.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.3/72.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 18.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 24.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.8Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 103.1/103.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) f 59.8/40.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) g 3.1/96.9h

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 56Forested area (% of land area) 5.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 117/1.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) i 437.0aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Excludes rent. dd 2003. ee Air arrivals. ff UNESCO estimate. gg No women wereelected in 2008, however one woman was appointed to the Cabinet. As cabinet ministers also sit inparliament, there is one woman out of a total of 32 members. hh 2008. ii UNSD estimates.

197

=��=��Region Caribbean

Currency T.T. Dollar (TTD)Surface area (square kms) 5 130


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port of Spain (54)United Nations membership date 18 September 1962

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 154 15 090 20 608Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.9 8.0 5.5GDP per capita (current US$) 6 270.0 11 399.3 15 456.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 788.2 10 980.5 15 049.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 15.2 23.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 6.30 6.30 6.33Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 544 3 594 ...Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 126 148Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 164 179b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 114 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 114 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 12.2 8.0 ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.0 31.0 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 7.2 4.3 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.4 54.4 55.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.3 76.4 77.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 399 463 486Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 19 106 33 934 39 884b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 13 396.2 United States 57.7 United States 25.1Imports 7 662.8 Jamaica 4.6 Brazil 10.6

Spain 4.0 Colombia 8.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.5/10.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.6Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 71.8/67.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.4Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.6Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 38.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 12.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.6Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) d 86.1/85.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) d 55.6/44.4Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 149.1Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 3.3/24.7e


Threatened species in 2008 48Forested area (% of land area) 44.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 32 657/24.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 11 274.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 408Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.0/31.9aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Air arrivals. dd UNESCO estimate. ee Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

198

=��Region Northern Africa

Currency Tunisian Dinar (TND)Surface area (square kms) 163 610


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tunis (745)United Nations membership date 12 November 1956

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 19 444 29 029 35 010Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.7 4.0 6.3GDP per capita (current US$) 2 033.1 2 872.9 3 390.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 937.2 2 711.8 3 195.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 22.3 23.6Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.37 1.30 1.28Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –821 –299 –904Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 114 123Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 111 125Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 109 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 109 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 15.7b 14.2 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 24.2 25.6 25.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.5 70.6 70.9Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 5 058 6 378 6 550d



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 15 165.4 France 32.2 France 21.4Imports 19 099.4 Italy 23.3 Italy 19.5

Germany 8.2 Germany 7.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.0Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.5/8.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.0/71.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 62.6Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1International migrant stock (% of total population) e 0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 156Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.4/92.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.5/42.5Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 22.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.9/80.1f

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 54Forested area (% of land area) 6.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 21 977/2.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 736.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 466Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 13.3/23.5aa Market rate. bb Figures revised based on the 2004 census. cc Excludes nationals residing abroad. dd2006. ee Data refer to foreign citizens. ff Based on 2004 data for Lower House and 2008 data for UpperHouse or Senate.

199

=�� $Region Western Asia/Southern Europe

Currency Turkish Lira (new) (TRY) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 95.6Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Istanbul (10 061)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 199 264 362 614 487 552Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.4 7.4 5.1GDP per capita (current US$) 2 923.5 4 969.4 6 511.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 947.3 4 961.2 6 493.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 19.6 22.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 0.63 1.34 1.30Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –9 920 –22 137 –37 575Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 329c 393Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 126 140Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 105 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 107 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.5d 10.3 9.9Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e 24.0 24.7 25.5Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e 36.0 29.5 26.4Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 26.6 24.8 24.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.0 72.5 70.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 9 586 20 273 22 248Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 19 752 19 151 20 727f

Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 50.6 85.5 107.4Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.7 15.3 17.7f


Exports 107 271.7 Germany 11.2 Russian Federation 13.8Imports 170 062.7 United Kingdom 8.0 Germany 10.3

Italy 7.0 China 7.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.2/8.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.3/69.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 27.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 71.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 68.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 12 615Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 82.6/91.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 42.4/57.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.1/90.9Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 131Forested area (% of land area) 13.2CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 247 873/3.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 180.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 678Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.3/18.4aa Beginning January 2005, 1 new Turkish Lira (TRY)=1 million old Turkish lira (TRL). bb Market rate. ccSeries linked to former series. dd Estimates based on the 2000 census results. ee Average of quarterlyestimates. ff 2006. gg UNESCO estimate.

200

=�� Region South-central Asia

Currency Turkmen Manat (TMM)Surface area (square kms) 488 100


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ashgabat (744)United Nations membership date 2 March 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 157 5 792 7 253Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.5 9.6 8.5GDP per capita (current US$) 923.2 1 198.3 1 460.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 866.9 1 115.0 1 373.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 37.4 29.6 27.5Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 5 200.00 ... ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 133 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 144 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.4 59.0 59.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.6 70.6 70.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 3 12 8Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 50 232 66 862 67 359b


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.1/5.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.8Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.5/59.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 74.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 48.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 8 641Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9c

Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) d 9.4Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.0/84.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 45Forested area (% of land area) 8.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 41 634/8.6Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 796.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 227Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.4/23.2aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc 1991. dd World Association of Newspapers.

201

=��Region Oceania-Polynesia



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Funafuti (5)United Nations membership date 5 September 2000

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 12 25 30Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –12.8 4.0 3.0GDP per capita (current US$) 1 204.0 2 395.1 2 810.9Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 204.0 2 395.1 2 810.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 54.5 55.9 55.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.72 1.31 1.20Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 117 119c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 111 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 111 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 6.5e ... ...Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 1 1Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 7.0f 20.9 29.0Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 5.3 23.8 37.4Total trade Major trading partners 2007


Exports 0.1 ... Australia 22.0Imports 12.7 ... Fiji 18.9

... Singapore 18.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) ghi 0.4e

Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) ghi 97.9e


Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) jl 35.0k

Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) j 3.7m

Urban population in 2007 (%) 49.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5International migrant stock (% of total population) n 1.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) o 96.8/92.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 83Forested area (% of land area) 33.3aa Official rate. bb Funafuti. cc 2006. dd Population census. ee 2002. ff Does not include cellulars. gg De factopopulation count. hh Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. ii Refers tothe latest available census. jj Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. kk 1997-2002. ll Ratebased on 30 or fewer events. mm 2000-2003. nn Data refer to foreign citizens. oo National estimate.

202

A��Region Eastern Africa

Currency Ugandan Shilling (UGX)Surface area (square kms) 241 038


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kampala (1 420)United Nations membership date 25 October 1962

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 734 9 136 12 436Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.4 5.5 6.5GDP per capita (current US$) 232.2 315.6 402.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 228.0 309.6 395.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 22.7 25.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1 644.48 1 780.67 1 723.49Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –825 –414 –745Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 124 142b

Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 146 150d

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 109 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 109 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) e ... 3.2f ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e ... 7.8f ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e ... 68.7f ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 81.3 81.4 81.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 90.9 90.4 90.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 193 468 642Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 136 158 107d


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 1 336.7 United Arab Emirates 13.3 Kenya 13.5Imports 3 493.4 Sudan 11.8 United Arab Emirates 12.0

Kenya 8.8 India 9.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 48.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.5/3.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 52.2/50.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 76.9Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 23.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 12.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR g 2 049 733Government education expenditure (% of GDP) h 5.2Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 76.8/78.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 38.4/61.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 30.7/69.3Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 159Forested area (% of land area) 18.4CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 308/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 30.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 180Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 17.3/26.7aa Principal rate. bb Series linked to former series. cc Manufacturing. dd 2006. ee Age group 10 years andover. ff 2003. gg The internally displaced persons figure at the end of 2007 represents the remaininginternally displaced persons population in camps and transit sites. hh UNESCO estimate.

203

A�� Region Eastern Europe

Currency Hryvnia (UAH)Surface area (square kms) 603 700


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kiev (2 709)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 31 262 86 142 141 177Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.9 2.7 7.6GDP per capita (current US$) 639.9 1 836.0 3 055.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 620.6 1 815.1 3 017.4Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 22.0 27.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 5.44 5.12 5.05Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 481 2 531 –5 927Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 147 181Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 161 187Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 118 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 118 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 11.6 7.2 6.4Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 20.8d 24.2 23.9Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 23.4d 19.4 16.7Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 50.5 51.7 52.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 64.0 65.0 64.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 6 431 17 631 18 900e



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 49 294.4 Russian Federation 25.7 Russian Federation 27.8Imports 60 600.6 Turkey 7.4 Germany 9.6

Italy 5.4 Turkmenistan 7.8Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.0/17.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 85.4Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.8/62.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 67.5f

Urban population in 2007 (%) 67.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.6Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 67 283Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 95.3/96.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) g 54.2/45.8Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 131.0Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 6.2/15.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.2/91.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 60Forested area (% of land area) 16.5CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 327 129/7.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 656.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 648Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.3/11.9aa Official rate. bb Age group 15 to 70 years. cc Age group not specified. dd Excludes self-employed workers.e 2006. ff 1999. gg National estimate.

204

A�� +�� Region Western Asia

Currency UAE Dirham (AED)Surface area (square kms) 83 600


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dubai (1 379)United Nations membership date 9 December 1971

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 70 522 133 583 191 466Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 12.3 8.2 7.7GDP per capita (current US$) 21 717.6 32 547.1 43 709.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 21 772.7 30 552.7 41 030.8Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 19.1 19.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3.67 3.67 3.67Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 139 66 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 139 66 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 2.3 ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 33.4c 39.8 ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 7.9c 4.9 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.6 39.1 40.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 92.1 92.6 92.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) de 3 907 7 126 ...Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 164 557 178 003 188 485f


(million US$)f (% of exports)f (% of imports)f

Exports 142 505.0 Japan 25.5 China 8.7Imports 97 863.6 Iran 3.6 India 8.7

India 3.3 United States 6.5Social indicators 2000-2007


Urban population in 2007 (%) 77.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5International migrant stock (% of total population) i 70.0Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 223Government education expenditure (% of GDP) j 1.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.6/95.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) j 66.3/33.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 22.5/77.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 42Forested area (% of land area) 3.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 123 733/30.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 14 327.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 94Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.3/33.0aa Official rate. bb Official estimates. cc Age group not specified. dd Arrivals in hotels only. ee Includesdomestic tourism and nationals residing abroad. ff 2006. gg Includes guest workers. hh 1995. ii Data referto foreign citizens. jj UNESCO estimate.

205

A�� '��Region Northern Europe

Currency Pound Sterling (GBP)Surface area (square kms) 242 900


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) London (8 567)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 450 880 2 243 600 2 767 983Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.8 1.8 3.1GDP per capita (current US$) 24 646.5 37 241.4 45 549.3Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 24 666.5 37 988.2 46 093.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 17.1 18.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 0.66 0.55 0.50Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –37 357 –54 996 –119 158Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 121Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 95 95Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 97 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 98 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 5.5 5.0 5.3Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 25.2d 22.2d 22.3b

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 1.5d 1.4d 1.4b

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.4 55.3 55.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 70.9 69.8 69.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 23 212 28 039 30 677Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 262 164 193 210 178 878e


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 439 973.0 United States 14.7 Germany 14.3Imports 624 612.7 Germany 11.1 United States 8.5


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.3/22.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.2Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.6/77.2Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.8Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 84.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 89.9Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 310 823Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.1/100.3Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.3/42.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 289.8Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) h </0.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.6/80.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 65Forested area (% of land area) 11.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 546 416/9.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 615.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 611Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 7.5/14.4aa Market rate. bb March to May. cc Age group 16 years and over. dd Average of Spring estimates. ee 2006.f Age group 16 to 49 years. gg World Association of Newspapers. hh Excludes Channel Islands and Isleof Man.

206

A�� % #��=��Region Eastern Africa

Currency Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)Surface area (square kms) 945 087


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dar es Salaam (2 930)United Nations membership date 14 December 1961

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 9 331 12 936 14 954Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.1 6.8 7.3GDP per capita (current US$) 275.7 338.5 369.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 272.8 329.8 366.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 21.9 25.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 800.41 1 128.93 1 245.04Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –499 –864 –1 856Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 119 130c

Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 157 254Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 109 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) ef 5.1g ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 2.6efg ... 4.3c

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 82.1efg ... 76.5c

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 87.1 87.0 87.0Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 91.2 90.1 90.3Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 459 590 692Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 240 534 528c


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 2 139.3 Switzerland 20.5 United Arab Emirates 13.2Imports 5 919.0 South Africa 9.5 South Africa 10.1

China 7.3 India 8.7Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.1Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.5Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 53.6/51.4Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 72.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 26.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 25.0Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 435 938Government education expenditure (% of GDP) h 2.2i

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 41.0/42.0i

Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 32.3/67.7Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 1.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 30.4/69.6Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 589Forested area (% of land area) 39.9CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 672/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 47.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 148aa Official rate. bb Tanzania mainland excluding Zanzibar. cc 2006. dd Manufacturing. ee March. ff Age group10 years and over. gg 2001. hh UNESCO estimate. ii 1999.

207

A�� Region Northern America

Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)Surface area (square kms) 9 629 091


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) New York-Newark (19 041)United Nations membership date 24 October 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) a 9 764 800 12 376 100 13 776 470Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) a 3.7 3.1 2.2GDP per capita (current US$) a 34 279.6 41 274.8 45 046.7Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) a 34 862.7 41 485.6 45 421.7Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) a 19.9 19.2 18.0Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –417 425 –728 994 –731 209Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 113 120Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 103 107Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 105 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 4.0 5.1 4.6Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 23.2d 20.6 20.6Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 2.6 1.6 1.4Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.5 58.6 58.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.5 72.7 72.4Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 51 238 49 206 55 986Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 407 633 1 367 623 1 388 875f


(million US$)g (% of exports)g (% of imports)g

Exports 1 162 538.0 Canada 21.4 China 16.9Imports 2 017 121.0 Mexico 11.7 Canada 15.7

China 5.6 Mexico 10.6Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 19.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.8/17.6Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 80.8/75.6Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) h 72.8Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.4Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 13.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 365 103Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.3Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.0/95.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.4/42.6Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 193.2Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 2.5/9.7Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.4/82.6j

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 1 192Forested area (% of land area) 33.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) k 5 776 432/19.3Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 6 749.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 056Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.1/16.0aa Excludes American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands and US Virgin Islands. bb Allurban consumers. cc Age group 16 years and over. dd Industry includes sanitary services. ee IncludesMexicans staying one or more nights. ff 2006. gg Includes Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands. hh Age group15 to 44 years. ii World Association of Newspapers. jj 2008. kk Includes American Samoa, Guam, PuertoRico and US Virgin Islands.

208

A�� Region Caribbean



Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Charlotte Amalie (53)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 61.9 58.8 57.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.7 63.4 61.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 546 582 510Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 95.1 135.7 ...Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 13.8 26.8 26.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 21.8Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.5/19.1Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 90.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 83.3/75.5Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 8.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) bc 78.4Urban population in 2007 (%) 94.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –4.1International migrant stock (% of total population) 56.5Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 31Forested area (% of land area) 27.9aa Rate based on 30 or fewer events. bb Sample of all women of reproductive age, irrespective of maritalstatus. cc Age group 18 to 44 years.

209

A��$Region South America

Currency Peso Uruguayo (UYU)Surface area (square kms) 176 215


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Montevideo (1 513)United Nations membership date 18 December 1945

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 20 086 16 615 23 087Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.4 6.4 7.5GDP per capita (current US$) 6 053.1 4 995.8 6 912.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 968.7 4 831.7 6 791.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 12.5 13.9Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 12.10 24.48 23.47Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –566 24 –186Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 162 187Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 164 190Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 119 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 122 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) d 13.6e 12.2e 9.2Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 24.7e 21.9e 21.7Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 4.1e 4.6ef 11.0f

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.3 52.1 52.7Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 75.7 75.8 75.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 968 1 808 1 752Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 606 575 309g


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 4 496.0 Brazil 16.2 Brazil 23.2Imports 5 588.6 United States 11.2 Argentina 22.1

Argentina 9.8 Venezuela 11.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.3Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.3/17.3Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.9/72.8Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.1Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) h 77.0Urban population in 2007 (%) 92.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.4Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 177Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.9Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 111.0/105.0Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 61.9/38.1Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 2.6/6.6Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.3/87.7Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 72Forested area (% of land area) 8.6CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 558/1.7Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 774.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 101Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.4/21.4aa Market rate. bb Montevideo. cc Manufacturing. dd Age group 14 years and over. ee Urban areas. ffAgriculture includes mining and quarrying. gg 2006. hh Age group 15 to 50 years.

210

A�� Region South-central Asia

Currency Uzbek Sum (UZS)Surface area (square kms) 447 400


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tashkent (2 184)United Nations membership date 2 March 1992

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 13 759 13 751 19 275Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.0 7.1 7.4GDP per capita (current US$) 556.5 517.1 704.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 548.1 538.6 701.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 23.1 21.2Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 236.61 ... ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 119 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 119 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) b 0.4 0.3 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.5 57.2 58.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.7 68.6 70.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 302 242 281c



Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 30.6Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.9/5.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 70.4/64.0Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 55.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 64.9Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.7Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 066Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 9.4d

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.0/101.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 41.0/59.0Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.4/83.6e

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 52Forested area (% of land area) 8.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 112 357/4.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 021.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 419Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.3/21.0aa Official rate. bb Employment office records. cc 2006. dd 1991. ee Based on 2004 data for Lower Houseand 2005 data for Upper House or Senate.

211

��Region Oceania-Melanesia

Currency Vatu (VUV)Surface area (square kms) 12 189


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port Vila (40)United Nations membership date 15 September 1981

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 245 368 451Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.7 6.8 4.7GDP per capita (current US$) 1 289.0 1 707.7 1 994.8Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 270.0 1 593.3 1 861.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.5 27.4 27.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 137.64 109.25 102.44Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –14 –53 0Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 114b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 110 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 110 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 78.9 79.2 79.4Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.5 87.8 88.2Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 58 62 68b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 29.9 Philippines 14.0 Australia 31.1Imports 201.7 New Caledonia 9.7 New Zealand 16.8

Fiji 6.7 Singapore 12.4Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 38.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/5.9Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 104.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.1/68.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 28.3Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) c 39.0d

Urban population in 2007 (%) 24.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 9.5Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 75.8/79.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) e 36.1/63.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) f 14.3Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 3.8/96.2g

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 118Forested area (% of land area) 36.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 88/0.4Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 139.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 222Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.5/28.2aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Age group 15 to 59 years. dd 1995. ee UNESCO estimate. ff World Associationof Newspapers. gg 2008. hh UNSD estimates.

212

� � �� 3��% #��4Region South America

Currency Bolivar Fuerte (VEF) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 30.3Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Caracas (2 985)


Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 117 148 145 514 236 720Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 10.3 8.4GDP per capita (current US$) 4 800.7 5 444.7 8 559.2Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 743.5 5 362.4 8 413.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 20.3 22.8Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 0.68 2.09 2.15Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 11 853 25 110 20 001Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 255 344Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 113 133Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 95 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 95 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) 13.9 ... 7.5Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 19.8def 23.3g

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 10.7def 8.7g

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 43.6 50.1 51.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.9 80.8 81.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 469 706 771Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 208 361 198 223 196 206h


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 61 385.2 ... United States 20.2Imports 41 911.0 ... Colombia 8.9

... Brazil 7.2Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.9Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.7/8.4Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.9Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.8/70.9Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 17.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.3i

Urban population in 2007 (%) 93.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –3.4International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.5Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 210 514Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.7Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.3/90.6Third-level students (women and men, % of total) j 51.0/49.0Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) k 93.3Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) l 3.2/53.8Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.6/81.4Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 259Forested area (% of land area) 54.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 148 117/5.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 416.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 913Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.0/30.3aa Beginning 1 January 2008, 1 Bolivar Fuerte (VEF) = 1000 Bolivar (VEB). bb Official rate. cc Manufacturing,excluding petroleum refineries. dd 2003. ee Second semester. ff Excludes contributing family workers whoworked less than 15 hours per week. gg Age group 10 years and over. hh 2006. ii 1998. jj UNESCO estimate.k World Association of Newspapers. ll Excludes Indian jungle population.

213

�� :��Region South-eastern Asia

Currency Dong (VND)Surface area (square kms) 331 689


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ho Chi Minh City (5 314)United Nations membership date 20 September 1977

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 31 173 52 832 71 174Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.8 8.4 8.3GDP per capita (current US$) 394.1 621.3 814.6Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 388.5 609.9 790.0Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.7 33.1 37.1Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 14 167.70 15 858.90 16 095.50Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 106 –560 –6 992Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115b ...Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 126 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 125 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) c 2.3 2.1b ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 12.4 17.4b ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 65.3 57.9b ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 70.3 69.7 69.3Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.1 76.3 76.0Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 2 140 3 468 4 172Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 27 230 50 874 53 941e



Exports 39 826.2 United States 19.7 China 16.5Imports 44 891.1 Japan 13.2 Singapore 14.0

Australia 9.3 Japan 10.5Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.2/8.0Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.0Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.2/72.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.5Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 75.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 27.3Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7International migrant stock (% of total population) f 0.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 621Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.8g


Threatened species in 2008 408Forested area (% of land area) 39.7CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 101 826/1.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 370.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 931Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.7/32.3aa Market rate. bb 2004. cc July. dd Visitors. ee 2006. ff Data refer to foreign citizens. gg 1991.

214

B ��Region Northern Africa

Currency Moroccan Dirham (MAD)Surface area (square kms) 266 000


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) El Aaiún (200)Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 10.63 8.87 8.19Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.7Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 3.9/4.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 112.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 68.1/64.3Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 44.2Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.7Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.0Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6International migrant stock (% of total population) b 0.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 32Forested area (% of land area) 3.8CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 238/0.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 286.0aa Official rate. bb Estimates. cc UNSD estimates.

215

@ � �Region Western Asia

Currency Yemini Rial (YER)Surface area (square kms) 527 968


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Sana'a' (2 008)United Nations membership date 30 September 1947

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 9 636 16 808 21 658Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.2 5.6 3.1GDP per capita (current US$) 530.0 796.7 967.4Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 491.1 723.3 864.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 19.0 25.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 161.72 191.51 198.95Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 337 624 206b

Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 174 233Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 107 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 106 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 18.2 21.4 21.6Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.8 66.1 66.1Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 73 336 379Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 21 413 19 852 18 212b



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 6 253.2 China 21.0 United Arab Emirates 20.0Imports 8 299.0 Thailand 19.7 Saudi Arabia 8.2

India 16.2 China 8.1Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.4Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.4/3.7Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.3Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 64.4/61.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 58.6Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.5Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 23.1Urban population in 2007 (%) 30.1Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.9Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.1Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 195 080Government education expenditure (% of GDP) d 9.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 53.7/81.7Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 26.1/73.9Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 4.1Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.7/99.3e

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 266Forested area (% of land area) 1.0CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 20 148/1.0Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 302.0aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. dd UNESCOestimate. ee Based on 2003 data for Lower House and 2001 data for Upper House or Senate.

216

;��Region Eastern Africa

Currency Kwacha (ZMK)Surface area (square kms) 752 618


Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lusaka (1 328)United Nations membership date 1 December 1964

Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 239 7 272 11 613Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.6 5.2 5.8GDP per capita (current US$) 309.9 633.5 974.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 294.9 580.4 909.5Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 27.2 26.4Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 3 110.84 4 463.50 4 002.52Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –623 –731 –780Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 251 303Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 133 142b

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 98 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 101 ...Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 12.9e ... ...Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e 5.8 ... ...Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e 71.6 ... ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 58.9 60.0 59.8Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.9 80.0 80.5Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 457 669 897Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 781 908 946b


(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 4 618.6 Switzerland 41.8 South Africa 47.4Imports 3 971.1 South Africa 12.0 United Arab Emirates 6.4

Thailand 5.9 China 5.9Social indicators 2000-2007

Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 45.2Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.2Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.5Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 42.5/42.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 92.7Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 34.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 35.2Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.8Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 112 959Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.0Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 79.8/86.1Third-level students (women and men, % of total) f 31.6/68.4Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 4.9Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.2/84.8Environment 2000-2007

Threatened species in 2008 43Forested area (% of land area) 57.1CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 367/0.2Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 125.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 843Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 14.9/26.4aa Official rate. bb 2006. cc Population census. dd Age group 12 years and over. ee October. ff UNESCOestimate. gg World Association of Newspapers.

217

;�� Region Eastern Africa

Currency Zimbabwean Dollar (ZWD) a


Population density in 2007 (per square km) 34.2Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Harare (1 572)

United Nations membership date 25 August 1980Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 628 2 258 2 124Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –7.7 –4.0 –6.1GDP per capita (current US$) 444.7 172.1 159.1Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 430.8 171.3 158.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 2.3 12.3Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 0.04 22.36 9 675.78Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 28 349 21 601 970Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 64 68c

Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 107 73 ...Food production index (1999-2001=100) 106 84 ...Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 64.0 61.1 59.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.1 79.3 79.7Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 1 967 1 559 2 287c



(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 3 310.2 South Africa 37.4 South Africa 42.8Imports 3 594.4 Mozambique 13.0 Botswana 11.4


Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.7Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.6/4.8Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 42.7/44.1Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 58.0Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 60.2Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.8Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.9Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 524Government education expenditure (% of GDP) e 4.6Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 71.8/73.9Third-level students (women and men, % of total) e 38.8/61.2Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.2/81.8f

Environment 2000-2007Threatened species in 2008 49Forested area (% of land area) 45.3CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 457/0.9Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 279.0Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 841Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.3/25.5aa On August 1, 2006, the new dollar, equivalent to 1,000 of the old dollar was introduced. bb Officialrate. cc 2006. dd Visitors. ee UNESCO estimate. ff 2008.

218

219

Technical notes

Country nomenclature

The geographical designations and presentation of the material in this publication have been adopted solely for the purpose of providing a convenient geographical basis for the statistical series.

Because of space limitations, the country or area names used in the tables are generally the commonly employed short names in use in the United Nations, the full names being used only when a short form is not available. Countries or areas are listed in English alphabetical order.

Notes on the indicators

Terms given below are arranged in alphabetical order and are defined in the Data dictionary, which begins on page 227. Agricultural production index shows the relative level of the aggregate volume of

agricultural production for a year in comparison with the base period 1999-2001. Data covers all crops and livestock products. The data were taken from FAOSTAT database [2] of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor (last accessed 17 November 2008).

Balance of payments, current account: The data were taken from the International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics [6], available at http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/ (last accessed 1 October 2008).

CO2 emission estimates represent the volume of CO2 (carbon dioxide) produced during the combustion of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, from gas flaring and the manufacture of cement. These estimates are from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center [1], for the latest year available (2005), available at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp030/CSV-FILES/nation.1751_2005.csv (last accessed 7 November 2008). Original data were converted to CO2 emissions by using the conversion formula 1 gram Carbon = 3.664 grams CO2 as per http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/convert.html#3.

CO2 emission estimates per capita figures were computed by dividing the total CO2 emissions estimates by the corresponding population estimates from the World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision [15].

Consumer price index numbers were taken from LABORSTA Internet [5], an International Labour Organization database, table 7A Consumer prices, general indices, at http://laborsta.ilo.org (last accessed 20 October 2008). The index numbers are designed to show changes over time in the cost of selected goods and services that are considered as representative of the consumption habits of the population concerned. Unless otherwise noted, the indices here generally refer to “all items” and to the country as a whole.

Contraceptive prevalence refers to the percentage of women married or in-union aged 15 to 49 who are currently using, or whose sexual partner is using, at least one method of contraception, regardless of the method used. Data are produced

219

220

by the United Nations Population Division using data from nationally representative surveys including the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS), the CDC-assisted Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS), the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and national family planning, or health, or household, or socio-economic surveys. The data contain the most recent estimates of contraceptive prevalence available as of March 2009. Countries with no data for 1985 or earlier are not included. The data are from the World Contraceptive Use 2009 Database [12], produced by the United Nations Population Division.

Currency shows the national currency name and the ISO currency code. Data were taken from the United Nations website at http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury/.

Employment in agricultural and in industrial sectors, unless otherwise noted, refer to the 15 years and over age group who perform any work at all, in the reference period, for pay or profit in industry (mining, manufacturing and electricity, gas and water) and agriculture. The data were taken from the Key Indicators of the Labour Market database [4], prepared by the International Labour Organization (ILO). See also http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/.

Energy consumption per capita refers to “apparent consumption”, which is derived from the formula “production + imports - exports - bunkers +/- stock changes”. Accordingly, the series may in some cases represent only an indication of the magnitude of actual inland availability. The data were taken from the Energy Statistics Database of the United Nations Statistics Division and refer to the year 2006. They are published in the Energy Statistics Yearbook [18].

Exchange rates are shown in units of national currency per US dollar and refer to end-of-period quotations. Unless otherwise noted, the data refer to the midpoint market rates (average of buying and selling rates). The data were taken from the International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics [6], available at http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/ (last accessed 1 October 2008). For those currencies for which the IMF does not publish exchange rates, non-commercial rates derived from the operational rates of exchange for United Nations programmes are shown, as published by the United Nations at http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury/.

Food production index covers commodities that are considered edible and contain nutrients. The index numbers shown may differ from those produced by countries themselves because of differences in concepts of production, coverage, weights, time reference of data, and methods of evaluation. The data include estimates made by FAO in cases where no official or semi-official figures are available from the countries. The data were taken from the FAOSTAT database [2] of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor (last accessed 17 November 2008).

Forested area data were taken from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 [3], Extent of forest and other wooded land 2005, available at http://www.fao.org/forestry/site/32032/en (last accessed 21 November 2008).

Government education expenditure (% of GDP) data were taken from the website of UNESCO Institute for Statistics [9], Table 19: Finance Indicators by ISCED level,

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available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId =172 (last accessed 13 October 2008). They show the general trends in public expenditure on public education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product. The data shown should be considered as approximate indications of the public resources allocated to education.

Gross domestic product (GDP) in current United States dollars are estimates of the total production of goods and services of the countries represented in economic terms, not as a measure of the standard of living of their inhabitants. In order to have comparable coverage for as many countries as possible, these US dollar estimates are based on official GDP data in national currency, supplemented by national currency estimates prepared by the Statistics Division using additional data from national and international sources. The estimates given here are in most cases those accepted by the United Nations General Assembly’s Committee on Contributions for determining United Nations members’ contributions to the United Nations regular budget. The exchange rates for the conversion of GDP national currency data into United States dollars are the average market rates published by the International Monetary Fund, in International Financial Statistics [6]. Official exchange rates are used only when free market rates are not available. For non-members of the Fund, the conversion rates used are the average of United Nations operational rates of exchange. It should be noted that the conversion from local currency into US dollars introduces deficiencies in comparability over time and among countries which should be considered when using the data. For example, comparability over time is distorted when exchange rate fluctuations differ substantially from domestic inflation rates. The data are from the National Accounts Database (September 2008 update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations Statistics Division and are published in the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates [21]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.

Gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita) estimates are the value of all goods and services produced in the economy divided by population. The data are from the National Accounts Database (September 2008 update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations Statistics Division and published in the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates [21]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.

Gross fixed capital formation data are based on the percentage distribution of GDP in current prices. The data are from the National Accounts Database (September 2008 update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations Statistics Division and are published in the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates [21]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/ dnllist.asp. Data in national currency are published in National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggregates and Detailed Tables [22].

Gross national income per capita (GNI per capita) estimates are the aggregate value of the gross balances of primary incomes for all sectors in the economy divided by population. The data are from the National Accounts Database (September 2008 update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations

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Statistics Division and are published in the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates [21]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.

Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product at constant 1990 prices is derived on the basis of constant price series in national currency. The figures are computed as geometric mean of annual rates of growth expressed in percentages for the years indicated. Data are from the National Accounts Database (September 2008 update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations Statistics Division, published in the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates [21]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.

Industrial production index data shown here generally covers mining, manufacturing and electricity, gas and water. Unless otherwise noted, data do not include construction. They are from table 5 of the United Nations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics [20], September 2008. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs/.

Infant mortality (per 1 000 live births) rates are, unless otherwise noted, the five-year projected averages for the reference period 2005-2010. Data are from http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/health.htm (December 2008 update). See also social indicators.

Intentional homicide rates are the annual number of deaths purposely inflicted by another persons by sex reported for the year per 100 000 corresponding mid-year population. The data refer to the latest available year and are from the United Nations Statistics Division’s Demographic Yearbook 2006 [17], Table 21, Death and death rates by cause, and classified under External causes, assaults. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm.

International migrant stock generally represents the number of persons born in a country other than that in which they live. For most countries which lack information on country of birth, data on the number of persons having foreign citizenship was used instead. In absence of any empirical data, estimates were imputed. Data refer to mid-2010 and are the outcome of dividing the estimated international migrant stock by the estimated total population, expressed as a percentage. Estimates of international migrants are obtained from United Nations, Trends in total migrant stock: The 2008 revision [11], produced by the United Nations Population Division and available at www.unmigration.org. Estimates of total population are obtained from United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2008 revision, produced by the United Nations Population Division and available at http://www.unpopulation.org.

Internet users per 100 inhabitants are based on nationally reported data for users divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100. There are variations in data collection among countries: some use surveys that give a more precise figure for the number of Internet users, while others base their estimates on derivations from reported Internet Service Provider subscriber counts, calculated by multiplying the number of subscribers by a multiplier. Surveys may differ across countries in the user age and frequency of use they cover. Some figures may refer to only users above a certain age. The data are from the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2008 (12th Edition) of the International Telecommunication Union [8], available at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/world/world.html (last accessed 24 September 2008).

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Labour force participation rate is calculated by expressing the number of persons in the labour force as a percentage of the working-age population. The labour force is the sum of the number of persons employed and the number of unemployed. The working-age population is the population above a certain age, prescribed for the measurement of economic characteristics. Unless otherwise noted, the data refer to the age group of 15 years and over and are from the estimates and projections published in the Key Indicators of the Labour Market database [4], prepared by the International Labour Organization. See also http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/.

Largest urban agglomeration shows the population of the largest urban agglomeration (city plus contiguous built-up areas) or, if unavailable, largest city according to its administrative boundaries for each country or area. The data refer to 2007 and are from the Urban Agglomerations, 2007, Wall Chart [13], produced by the United Nations Population Division and available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007urban_agglo.htm.

Life expectancy at birth for men and women are, unless otherwise noted, the five-year projected averages for the reference period 2005-2010. Data are from the United Nations Statistics Division and available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/ products/socind/health.htm (December 2008 update). See also social indicators.

Major trading partners display the largest three trade partners and data are expressed as percentages of total exports and of total imports of the country or area, as estimated by the United Nations Statistics Division from its Commodity Trade Statistics Database [16] (COMTRADE, see http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx). These series are published in the United Nations International Trade Statistics Yearbook [19].

Mean total rainfall data are computed from average monthly measurements from the weather stations in the largest urban agglomeration or city, unless otherwise noted. The data are official weather observations, weather forecasts and climatological information for selected cities supplied by National Meteorological & Hydrological Services (NMHSs) worldwide, and were taken from the website of the World Meteorological Organization [26], available at http://www.worldweather.org/ (last accessed 14 November 2008). See also largest urban agglomeration.

Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) data were computed from average monthly measurements from the weather stations in the largest urban agglomeration or city, unless otherwise noted. The data are official weather observations, weather forecasts and climatological information for selected cities supplied by National Meteorological & Hydrological Services (NMHSs) worldwide, and were taken from the website of the World Meteorological Organization [26], available at http://www.worldweather.org/ (last accessed 14 November 2008). See also largest urban agglomeration.

Newspaper circulation data were taken from the website of UNESCO Institute for Statistics [9], Newspapers report, Daily newspapers: Total average circulation per 1,000 inhabitants indicator, at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=398 (last accessed 16 October 2008).

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Parliamentary seats refer to the number of women and men in the lower and upper chamber of parliament expressed as a percentage of total seats. The data were taken from the Inter-Parliamentary Union [7], Women in National Parliaments, Situation as of 30 November 2008, available at http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm.

Population aged 0-14 years refers to the population aged 0-14 years of both sexes as a percentage of total population. Unless otherwise noted, data refer to the reference period 2008 and are from: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/child&elderly.htm (December 2008 update). See also social indicators.

Population aged 60 years and over refers to elderly men as a percentage of all males and elderly women as a percentage of all females. Unless otherwise noted, data refer to the reference period 2008 and are from: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/child&elderly.htm (December 2008 update). See also social indicators.

Population density refers to population per square kilometre of surface area. Data are derived from the population projections for 2007 divided by the surface area. See also population projections and surface area.

Population growth rate is the average annual percentage change in total population size. Unless otherwise noted, data refer to the reference period 2005-2010 and are from: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/population.htm (December 2008 update). See also social indicators.

Population projections for 2007 were prepared by the United Nations Population Division and published in the World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision [15], available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/ wpp2006.htm.

Primary energy production refers to the first stage of production of various forms of energy, converted into a common unit (metric ton of oil equivalent). The data are from the Energy Statistics Database of the United Nations Statistics Division. They are published in the Energy Statistics Yearbook [18].

Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratios are from the website of the UNESCO Institute of Statistics [9], Table 5 Enrolment ratios by ISCED level, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId= 182 (last accessed 10 October 2008). The enrolment ratio generally is the total enrolment of all ages in first- and second-level education, divided by the total population in the official ages of enrolment in the country times 100. The gross enrolment ratio at the first and second level should include all pupils whatever their ages, whereas the population is limited to the range of official school ages. Therefore, for countries with almost universal education among the school-age population, the gross enrolment ratio will exceed 100 if the actual age distribution of pupils extends beyond the official school ages.

Refugees in this series refers to persons granted a humanitarian status and/or those granted temporary protection. Included are persons who have been granted temporary protection on a group basis. The series also includes returned refugees, asylum seekers and persons displaced internally within their own country for reasons that would make them of concern to the Office of the United

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Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) if they were outside their country of origin. The data are from 2007 Global Trends, Table 1. Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by country/territory of asylum, end-2007 [10], available at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.html (2007 Annexes).

Region is given according to regional groupings of countries and areas based mainly on continents. These are from Standard Country or Area Codes and Geographical Regions for Statistical Use, Revision 4 (United Nations publication), available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm.

Rural population growth rate data are based on the number of persons defined as urban or rural according to national definitions of this concept. In most cases these definitions are those used in the most recent population census. These series are from Urban and Rural Areas, 2007, Wall Chart [14], produced by the United Nations Population Division and available at http://www.un.org/ esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007urban_rural.htm.

Sex ratio is calculated as the ratio of the number of men to that of 100 women. Unless otherwise noted, data refer to the reference period 2008 and are from http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic/products/socind/population.htm (December 2008 update). See also social indicators.

Social indicators: the data on seven indicators (infant mortality rate, life expectancy, population aged 0-14, population aged 60 years and over, total fertility rate, population annual growth rate and sex ratio) were taken from the website of the Demographic and Social Statistics branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/default.htm (December 2008 update). The main data source is the Population Division’s publication the World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision [15]. The data were supplemented by official national statistics published in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2006 [17] and data compiled by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Demography Programme, available at http://www.spc.int/prism/social/demog.html.

Surface area (excluding polar regions and uninhabited islands) data are from table 3 in the United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2006 [17]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm.

Third-level students percentages are from the website of the UNESCO Institute of Statistics [9], table 14 Tertiary indicators, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=167 (last accessed 13 October 2008).

Threatened species represents the number of plants and animals that are compiled by the World Conservation Union IUCN/ Species Survival Commission (SSC). The data are from Table 5 of The 2008 Review of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [25], available at http://iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/red_list/2008_red_list_summary_statistics/index.cfm (last accessed 13 October 2008).

Total fertility rate is, unless otherwise noted, the five-year average for the reference period 2005-2010.The data are from

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http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/childbearing.htm (December 2008 update). See also social indicators.

Total telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants refer to the sum of main telephone lines and cellular mobile subscribers divided by the population and multiplied by 100. The data are from the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2008 (12th Edition) of the International Telecommunication Union [8], available at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/ world/world.html (last accessed 24 September 2008).

Total trade: exports and imports show the movement of goods out of and into a country as estimated by the United Nations Statistics Division in its Commodity Trade Statistics Database [16] (Comtrade, see http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx). These series are published in the United Nations International Trade Statistics Yearbook [19]. Exports are generally valued at the frontier of the importing country (f.o.b. valuation). Imports are valued at the frontier of the importing country (c.i.f. valuation). Both imports and exports are shown in United States dollars. Conversion from national currencies is made by means of currency conversion factors based on official exchange rates (par values or weighted averages).

Tourist arrival data shown are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and published in the UNWTO Yearbook of Tourism Statistics [23]. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to arrivals of non-resident tourists at national borders, and include information received by UNSD as of 31 October 2008.

Unemployment refers to persons above a certain age who during a specified period of time were without work, currently available for work and seeking work. National definitions of unemployment often differ from the recommended international standard definitions and thereby limit international comparability. Inter-country comparisons are also complicated by the different types of data collection systems used to obtain information on unemployed persons. The data were taken from LABORSTA Internet [5], an ILO database, table 3A, Unemployment, general level, available at http://laborsta.ilo.org (last accessed 27 October 2008). Unless otherwise noted, these data refer to the 15 years and over age group and are national employment office statistics, usually labour force surveys, compiled by the ILO.

United Nations membership dates are from the United Nations Terminology Bulletin [24], available at http://unterm.un.org/ and the List of Member States, available at http://www.un.org/Overview/unmember.html.

Urban population and urban population growth rate series are based on the number of persons defined as urban or rural according to national definitions of this concept. In most cases these definitions are those used in the most recent population census. These series are from Urban and Rural Areas, 2007, Wall Chart [14], produced by the United Nations Population Division and available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007urban_rural.htm.

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Data dictionary

A

age group: The age distribution of a population is given either by individual years of age or by age groups, which may be quinquennial age groups or quinary age groups, or broad age groups, such as 0-19 years, 20-59 years, and 60 years and over. Age is generally expressed in years, or years and months. Statisticians often round off the age to the number of complete years lived, and this is called age at last birthday. (United Nations, 1958, para. 322)*.

agriculture (agriculture, forestry and fishing): Comprises the following divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev. 4: crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities, forestry and lodging, and fishing and aquaculture. (United Nations, 2008).

agricultural production and food production indices : The indices of agricultural production of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) are based on the sum of price-weighted quantities of different agricultural commodities produced. All the indices at the country, regional and world levels are calculated by the Laspeyres formula. Production quantities of each commodity are weighted by the average international commodity prices in the base period and summed for each year. To obtain the index, the aggregate for a given year is divided by the average aggregate for the base period. The commodities covered in the computation of indices of agricultural production are all crops and livestock products originating in each country. Practically all products are covered, with the main exception of fodder crops. The category of food production includes commodities that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Accordingly, coffee and tea are excluded because they have practically no nutritive value. (FAOSTAT, 2008).

annual growth: See rate of change. area: See land and water area.

B

balance of payments: A statistical statement that systematically summarizes, for a specific time period, the economic transactions of an economy with the rest of the world. Transactions, for the most part between residents and non-residents, consist of transactions involving goods, services and income; transactions involving financial claims on, and liabilities to, the rest of the world; and transactions (such as gifts) classified as transfers, which involve offsetting entries to balance—in an accounting sense— one-sided transactions (IMF, 1993, para. 13). See also current account.

base period: The period of time for which data used as the base of an index number, or other ratio, have been collected. This period is frequently one year but it may be as short as one day or as long as the average of a group of years. (Kendall Buckland, 1982).

base year: See base period.

* References for the data dictionary terms are given in parenthesis and they are listed on page 235.

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C

carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colourless, odourless and non-poisonous gas formed by combustion of carbon and in the respiration of living organisms and is considered a greenhouse gas. Emissions mean the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time. (United Nations, 1992 and 1996).

commercial energy: Energy sold in the market. (United Nations, 1982, para. 55). consumer price index: Measures changes over time in the general level of prices of

goods and services that a reference population acquires, uses or pays for consumption. A consumer price index is estimated as a series of summary measures of the period-to-period proportional change in the prices of a fixed set of consumer goods and services of constant quantity and characteristics, acquired, used or paid for by the reference population. Each summary measure is constructed as a weighted average of a large number of elementary aggregate indices. Each of the elementary aggregate indices is estimated using a sample of prices for a defined set of goods and services obtained in, or by residents of, a specific region from a given set of outlets or other sources of consumption goods and services. (ILO, 2000)

contraception: In its narrow usage, measures excluding sterilization (and, in some discussions, permanent and periodic abstinence) which are taken in order to prevent sexual intercourse from resulting in conception. In broader usage, a contraceptive method is sometimes called a birth control method, which includes intentional abortion, sterilization and complete abstinence from coitus. (United Nations, 1958, para. 624).

currency: Those notes and coins in circulation that are commonly used to make payments. Commemorative coins that are not actually in circulation should be excluded. (United Nations and others, 1994, para. 11.70).

current account: All balance of payments transactions (other than those in financial items) that involve economic values and occur between resident and non-resident entities. Also covered are offsets to current economic values provided or acquired without a quid pro quo. The major classifications of transaction flows cover goods and services, income and current transfers. (IMF, 1993, para. 152).

D

daily newspaper circulation: Daily newspapers are periodic publications, issued at least four times a week, intended for the general public and mainly designed to be a primary source of written information on current events connected with public affairs, international questions, politics etc. Circulation comprises the average number of copies sold directly, by subscription, and mainly distributed free of charge both in the country and abroad. (UNESCO, 1985).

density of population: Number of population per unit of total land area of a country. (United Nations, n.d.). See also land and water area.

E

education expenditure: See government education expenditure.

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employment: The “employed” comprise all persons above a specified age who during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in "paid employment” or in "self-employment” as defined below. "Persons in paid employment” comprise all persons in the following categories: (a) "at work": persons who during the reference period performed some work for wages, salary or related payments, in cash or in kind; (b) "with a job but not at work": persons who, having already worked in their present job, were absent during the reference period and continued to have a strong attachment to their job. "Persons in self-employment” comprise all persons (a) "at work": persons who during the reference period performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind; (b) "with an enterprise but not at work": persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason. Employers, own-account workers and members of producers' co-operatives should be considered as in self-employment and should be classified as "at work” or "not at work”, as the case may be. (ILO, 2000)

energy: Comprises primary energy from sources that involve only extraction or capture, with or without separation from contiguous material, cleaning or grading, before the energy embodied in that source can be converted into heat or mechanical work, and secondary energy from all sources of energy that results from transformation of primary sources. (United Nations, 1982, para. 29).

energy consumption: Apparent consumption of energy comprises inland deliveries of energy commodities, which is equal to imports plus production minus changes in stocks minus exports. (United Nations, 1982, paras. 161-165). See also energy.

enrolment ratio: See primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio. exchange rate: Price in a given currency at which bills drawn in another currency

may be bought. (Oxford University Press, 1982). exports (merchandise) : Goods leaving the statistical territory of a country. In the

“general trade system”, the definition of the statistical territory of a country coincides with its economic territory. In the “special trade system”, the definition of the statistical territory comprises only a particular part of the economic territory, mainly that part which coincides with the free circulation area for goods. “The free circulation area” is a part of the economic territory of a country within which goods “may be disposed of without Customs restrictions”. In the case of exports, the transaction value is the value at which the goods were sold by the exporter, including the cost of transportation and insurance, to bring the goods onto the transporting vehicle at the frontier of the exporting country (a FOB type valuation) (United Nations, M/52/Rev.2 and Series G).

F

food production index: See agricultural production and food production indices. forest and other wooded land: Land under natural or planted stands of trees,

whether productive or not, including land from which forest has been cleared but which will be reforested in the foreseeable future, and including areas occupied by roads, small cleared tracts and other small open areas within the forest that constitute an integral part of the forest (FAO/United Nations ECE, 1995).

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G

government education expenditure: General government expenditures for educational affairs and services at pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary levels and subsidiary services to education. Expenditures comprise final consumption expenditures, gross capital formation, subsidies and loans. General government comprises all central, state and local government units and non-profit institutions controlled and mainly financed by government units. (UNESCO, 1978).

gross domestic product (GDP) : An aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). The sum of the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured in purchasers’ prices, less the value of imports of goods and services, or the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident producer units (42, paras. 1.128 and 2.173-2.174) (United Nations and others, 1993).

gross fixed capital formation: The total value of a producer’s acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during the accounting period plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realized by the productive activity of institutional units. Fixed assets are tangible or intangible assets produced as outputs from processes of production that are themselves used repeatedly or continuously in other processes of production for more than one year. (United Nations and others, 1994, para. 10.33).

gross national income (GNI) : GNI is equal to GDP less primary incomes payable to non-resident units plus primary incomes receivable from non-resident units. In other words, GNI is equal to GDP less taxes (less subsidies) on production and imports, compensation of employees and property income payable to the rest of the world plus the corresponding items receivable from the rest of the world. Thus GNI at market prices is the sum of gross primary incomes receivable by resident institutional units/sectors. It is worth noting that GNI at market prices was called gross national product in the 1953 SNA, and it was commonly denominated GNP. In contrast to GDP, GNI is not a concept of value added, but a concept of income (primary income). (para. 2.181 of the 1993 System of National Accounts, SNA 1993) (United Nations and others).

growth rate: See rate of change and rate of increase.

H

homicide purposely inflicted (assault) : Deaths from homicide and injuries inflicted by another person with intent to injure or kill, by any means, excluding injuries due to legal intervention and operations of war. (WHO, 1992, X85-Y09).

I

imports (merchandise) : Goods which add to the stock of material resources of a country by entering its economic territory. Goods simply being transported through a country (goods in transit) or temporarily admitted (except for goods for inward processing) do not add to the stock of material resources of a country and are not included in the international merchandise trade statistics. In many cases,

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a country’s economic territory largely coincides with its customs territory, which is the territory in which the customs law of a country applies in full. In the case of imports, the transaction value is the value at which the goods were purchased by the importer plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the importing country (a CIF-type valuation). (United Nations, M/52/Rev.2 and Series G).

industrial production index: Laspeyres’s index of total value-added in all industrial production, where value added is the value of output less the values of both intermediate consumption and consumption of fixed capital. (United Nations, Series P). See also industry and Laspeyres’s index.

infant mortality rate: Generally computed as the ratio of infant deaths (the deaths of children under one year of age) in a given year to the total number of live births in the same year. (United Nations, 1958, para. 411).

inhabitants: Inhabitants of a State may be subjects, citizens or nationals of that State, who enjoy certain political rights, or they may be aliens or foreigners who are citizens of another State, or citizens of no State at all and are called stateless. (United Nations, 1958). See also population.

Intentional homicides: See homicide purposely inflicted (assault).

L

labour force participation rate is defined as the ratio of the labour force to the working-age population, expressed as a percentage. The labour force is the sum of the number of persons employed and the number of persons unemployed. (ILO, 2000)

land and water area: Total land area comprises agricultural land, forest and other wooded land, built-up and related land (excluding scattered farm buildings), wet open land, dry open land with special vegetation cover and open land without, or with insignificant, vegetation cover. Water area comprises inland waters and tidal waters (United Nations, n.d.).

Laspeyres’s index: A form of index number where prices, quantities or other units of measure over time are weighted according to their values in a specified base period (Kendall and Buckland, 1982).

life expectancy at birth: Average number of years of life at birth (age 0) according to the expected mortality rates by age estimated for the reference year and population (United Nations, 1958, and Series R).

N

newspaper circulation: See daily newspaper circulation.

O

oil equivalent: A single average figure for the energy content of a specified quantity of oil (United Nations, 1982).

P

parliament: Legislative assembly of persons forming the supreme legislature of a country (Oxford University Press, 1982).

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partner countries: Countries of origin and purchase in international merchandise trade transactions (United Nations, 1994, para. 127).

population: The total population of a country may comprise either all usual residents of the country (de jure population) or all persons present in the country (de facto population) at the time of the census. For purposes of international comparisons, the de facto definition is recommended (United Nations, 1958, and Series R).

population density: See density of population. primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio: The total enrolment, regardless of age,

divided by the population of the total age group defined in the national regulations for the first and second levels of education. Education at the first level provides the basic elements of education (e.g. at elementary school, primary school). Education at the second level is provided at middle school, secondary school, high school, teacher-training school at this level and schools of a vocational or technical nature. Enrolment is at the beginning of the school or academic year (UNESCO, 1978).

R

rate of change: The ratio of total change in a specified time reference period to the value at the beginning of the period or at a specified earlier time reference. When changes over a period of more than one calendar year are studied, the mean annual rate of change may be computed. (Adapted from United Nations, 1958). See also rate of increase.

rate of increase (crude, of population): The ratio of total growth in a given period to the mean population of that period is called the crude rate of increase. When population increase over a period of more than one calendar year is studied, the mean annual rate of increase may be computed (United Nations, 1958). See also rate of change.

refugee: Any person who, owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable to, or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. (United Nations, 1951, and 1967).

region (geographical) : Macro geographical regions arranged according to continents and component geographical regions used for statistical purposes by the Population Division and Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat. (United Nations, M/49/Rev.4).

rural population: Population which is not urban. See also urban population.

S

sex ratio: The ratio of the number of one sex to that of the other. (United Nations, 1958).

surface area: See land and water area.

T

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telephone lines (telephone main lines): A telephone main line connects the subscriber’s terminal equipment to the public switched network and has a dedicated port in the telephone exchange equipment (ITU, n.d., p. 9).

temperature, average: Average annual normals over a long (multi-year) period (WMO, 1982).

third-level students: Education provided at university, teachers’ college, higher professional school, which requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the second level, or evidence of the attainment of an equivalent level of knowledge. Enrolment is at the beginning of the school or academic year. (UNESCO, 1978).

threatened species : Species that have been assessed and found to meet one of the standard World Conservation Union status categories indicating threatened status: endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate (known to be endangered, vulnerable or rare but where there is not enough information to say which is appropriate), insufficiently known (suspected but not definitely known to belong to any of the above categories, because of lack of information) (World Conservation Union, 1994, p. 20).

total fertility rate: The number of children that would be born per woman, assuming no female mortality at child bearing ages and the age-specific fertility rates of a specified country and reference period (United Nations, 1958, para. 634).

tourist (international): Any person who travels to a country other than that in which s/he has his/her usual residence but outside his/her usual environment for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from with the country visited, and who stays at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited (United Nations and World Tourism Organization, 1994).

trading partner: See partner countries.

U

unemployment: All persons above a specified age who during a specified reference period were: “without work”, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment as defined under employment; “currently available for work”, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; and “seeking work”, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. In circumstances where employment opportunities are particularly limited and where persons not working do not have easy access to formal channels for seeking employment or face social and cultural barriers when looking for a job, the “seeking work” criterion should be relaxed. (ILO, 2000)

United Nations membership: The original Members of the United Nations are the States which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, signed the Charter and ratified it in accordance with Article 110. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving States which accept the obligations contained in the Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations. The admission of any such State to membership in the

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United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council (United Nations, 1945).

Urban agglomeration: Comprises a city or town proper and also the suburban fringe or thickly settled territory lying outside, but adjacent to, its boundaries. A single large urban agglomeration may comprise several cities or towns and their suburban fringes (United Nations, 1998, para. 2.51).

Urban population: Because of national differences in the characteristics that distinguish urban from rural areas, the distinction between urban and rural population is not amenable to a single definition that would be applicable to all countries. National definitions are most commonly based on size of locality (United Nations, 1998).

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References

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT database

(FAOSTAT, 2008), available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/362/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=362

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe (FAO/ECE, 1995). Joint Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, as contained in Forest Resources Assessment 1990: Global Synthesis, FAO Forestry Paper 124 (Rome).

International Labour Organization (ILO, 2000). Current International Recommendations on Labour Statistics, 2000 Edition (Geneva).

International Monetary Fund (IMF, 1993). Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth Edition (Washington, D.C.).

International Telecommunication Union (ITU, n.d.). Telecommunication Indicator Handbook, Version 1.0 (Geneva).

Kendall, Sir Maurice G., and William R. Buckland for the International Statistical Institute (1982). A Dictionary of Statistical Terms, Fourth Edition (London, Longman Group).

Oxford University Press (1982). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Seventh Edition (London).

United Nations (n.d.). Readings in International Environment Statistics, ECE Standard Statistical Classification of Land Use. Economic Commission for Europe, Conference of European Statisticians (United Nations publication).

United Nations (1945). Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice.

United Nations (1951 and 1967). Convention relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951 (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 189 (1954), No. 2545, p. 137), art. 1) and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees of 1967 (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 606 (1967), No. 8791, p. 267).

United Nations (1958). Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, English Section. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Studies, No. 29 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.58.XIII.4).

United Nations (1982). Concepts and Methods in Energy Statistics, with Special Reference to Energy Accounts and Balances: A Technical Report. Statistical Office, Series F, No. 29 and Corr. 1 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.82.XVII.13 and corrigendum).

United Nations (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (A/AC.237/18 (Part II)/Add.1 and Corr.1). Opened for signature at Rio de Janeiro on 4 June 1992.

United Nations (1994). Commodity Indexes for the Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3. Statistical Division, Series M, No. 38, Rev. 2 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.XVII.10).

United Nations (1996). Glossary of Environment Statistics. Statistics Division, Series F, No. 67 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.XVII.12).

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United Nations (1998). Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses Rev. 1. Statistics Division, Series M, No. 67, Rev. 1 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.98.XVII.8).

United Nations (2008). International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev. 4. Statistics Division, Series M, No. 4, Rev.4 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.08.XVII.25).

United Nations (M/49/Rev.4). Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.4).

United Nations (M/52/Rev.2). International Merchandise Trade Statistics: Concepts and Definitions (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/52/ Rev.2).

United Nations (Series G). International Trade Statistics Yearbook. Statistics Division, Series G (United Nations publication).

United Nations (Series P). Industrial Commodity Statistics Yearbook. Statistics Division, Series P (United Nations sales publication).

United Nations, Commission of the European Communities, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and World Bank (United Nations and others, 1993). System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA 1993) (United Nations publication Sales No. E.94.XVII.4).

United Nations and World Tourism Organization (1994). Recommendations on Tourism Statistics. Series M, No. 83 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.XVII.6).

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 1978). Revised Recommendation concerning the International Standardization of Educational Statistics (Paris), as contained in UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, chap. 2 (Paris, discontinued). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 1985). Revised Recommendation concerning the International Standardization of Statistics on the Production and Distribution of Books, Newspapers and Periodicals (Paris), as contained in UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, chap. 7 (Paris).

World Conservation Union, 1994. Threatened species categories, as contained in World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Biodiversity Data Sourcebook, WCMC Biodiversity Series No. 1 (Cambridge, World Conservation Press).

World Health Organization (WHO, 1992). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), vol. 1 (Geneva).

World Meteorological Organization (WMO, 1982). Climatological Normals (CLINO) for Climate and Climate Ship Stations for the Period 1931-1960, 1971 edition, WMO No. 117 (Geneva).

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Statistical sources

[1] Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA), Global, Regional, and National CO2, Emission Estimates from Fossil Fuel Burning, Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1751-2005, available at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp030/CSV-FILES/nation.1751_2005.csv.

[2] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT database, available at http://faostat.fao.org/.

[3] __________, Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FAO, Rome), available at http://www.fao.org/forestry/site/32427/en/.

[4] International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market, 5th edition software, available at http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/.

[5] __________, LABORSTA Internet database, available at http://laborsta.ilo.org/. [6] International Monetary Fund (Washington, DC), International Financial Statistics

database, available at http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/. [7] Inter-Parliamentary Union, Women in National Parliaments, available at

http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm. [8] International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Geneva, the World

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2008 (12th Edition) database, available at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/world/world.html.

[9] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics, Montreal, UNESCO statistics database, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx.

[10] United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2007 Global Trends, Table 1. Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by country/territory of asylum, end-2007, available at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.html.

[11] United Nations Population Division, Trends in total migrant stock: The 2008 revision, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2008 (forthcoming), available at http://www.unmigration.org.

[12] __________, World Contraceptive Use 2009 Database (POP/DB/CP/Rev.2009), available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm.

[13] __________, Urban Agglomerations, 2007, Wall Chart, available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ wup2007/2007urban_agglo.htm.

[14] __________, Urban and Rural Areas, 2007, Wall Chart, available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ wup2007/2007wup.htm.

[15] __________, World Population Prospects. The 2006 Revision, CD-ROM Edition, Extended Dataset, New York, 2007 (ST/ESA/SER.A/266, United Nations publication, biennial), available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm.

[16] United Nations Statistics Division, Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), available at http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx.

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[17] __________, Demographic Yearbook (Series R, United Nations publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm.

[18] __________, Energy Statistics Yearbook (Series J, United Nations publication).

[19] __________, International Trade Statistics Yearbook (Series G, United Nations publication).

[20] __________, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (Series Q, United Nations publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs/.

[21] __________, National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates (Series X, United Nations publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp for a list of files (data upload: September 2008) and http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/estimationProcess.asp for the metadata.

[22] __________, National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggregates and Detailed Tables, (Series X, United Nations publication).

[23] United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, UNWTO statistics database and the Yearbook of Tourism Statistics. See also http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/menu.html.

[24] United Nations, Terminology Bulletin No. 347, Rev. 1 (United Nations publication, 1997) and corrigendum 1. See also http://www.un.org/Overview/unmember.html

[25] World Conservation Union, The 2008 Review of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, available at http://www.redlist.org/.

[26] World Meteorological Organization, at http://www.worldweather.org/

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Index of indicator notes and definitions

Agricultural production index ........................................................................... 219, 227 Balance of payments, current account ..................................................... 219, 227, 228 Carbon dioxide emission estimates ................................................................. 219, 228 Consumer price index ....................................................................................... 219, 228 Contraceptive prevalence ................................................................................. 219, 228 Currency ............................................................................................................ 220, 228 Employment in agricultural sector ............................................................................ 220 Employment in industrial sector ............................................................................... 220 Energy consumption .......................................................................................... 220, 229 Exchange rate .................................................................................................... 220, 229 Exports ....................................................................................................... 223, 226, 229 Food production index ....................................................................................... 220, 227 Forested area ............................................................................................................ 220 Government education expenditure ................................................................. 220, 230 Gross domestic product (GDP) .......................................................................... 221, 230 Gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita) ............................................... 221 Gross fixed capital formation ........................................................................... 221, 230 Gross national income (GNI) ..................................................................................... 230 Gross national income per capita (GNI per capita) .................................................. 221 Growth rate of GDP at constant prices 1990 prices ................................................ 222 Imports ...................................................................................................... 223, 226, 230 Industrial production index ............................................................................... 222, 231 Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) .............................................. 222, 225, 231 Intentional homicides ....................................................................................... 222, 230 International migrant stock ....................................................................................... 222 Internet users per 100 inhabitants ........................................................................... 222 Labour force participation rate ......................................................................... 223, 231 Largest urban agglomeration ............................................................................ 223, 234 Life expectancy at birth ............................................................................ 223, 225, 231 Major trading partners .............................................................................................. 223 Mean temperature °C ............................................................................................... 223 Mean total rainfall .................................................................................................... 223 Newspapers ...................................................................................................... 223, 228 Parliamentary seats .................................................................................................. 224 Population aged 0-14 years .............................................................................. 224, 225 Population aged 60 years and over .................................................................. 224, 225 Population density..................................................................................... 224, 228, 232 Population growth rate ..................................................................................... 224, 225 Population projections .............................................................................................. 224 Primary energy production ........................................................................................ 224 Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratios ....................................................... 224, 232 Refugees ........................................................................................................... 224, 232 Region ............................................................................................................... 225, 232 Rural population growth rate .................................................................................... 225 Sex ratio ............................................................................................................ 225, 232 Social indicators ........................................................................................................ 225 Surface area .............................................................................................................. 225 Third-level students .......................................................................................... 225, 233 Threatened species ........................................................................................... 225, 233 Total fertility rate .............................................................................................. 225, 233

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Total telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants ..................................................... 226 Total trade ................................................................................................................. 226 Tourist arrivals .......................................................................................................... 226 Unemployment .................................................................................................. 226, 233 United Nations membership ............................................................................. 226, 233 Urban population (%) ........................................................................................ 226, 234 Urban population growth rate .................................................................................. 226

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United Nations statistical publications

For more information about the publications prepared by the UN Statistics Division, visit http://unstats.un.org/unsd/pubs/ or contact the Division at: Director, Statistics Division United Nations New York, NY 10017 United States of America Fax: +1-212-963-9851 E-mail: [email protected] http://unstats.un.org/unsd To order publications, visit https://unp.un.org/ or contact: UN Publications 2 United Nations Plaza Room DC2-853 New York, NY 10017, USA Tel: 1-212-963-8302 Fax: 1-212-963-3489 E-mail: [email protected]

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Documents

Series V, No. 33 Statistics Division World Statistics ......Weight or mass 1 ton = 1.102311 short tons or = 0.987207 long ton 1 kilogram = 35.273962 avdp. ounces = 2.204623 avdp. pounds