Achieving Business Agility with SOA/BPM:Achieving Business Agility with SOA/BPM:

Enabling the Service Oriented EnterpriseEnabling the Service Oriented Enterprise

Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D.Chairman and CEO

Service Oriented ArchitectureService Oriented Architecture

WikipediaWikipedia: SOA is: SOA is……“…“…a perspective of software architecture that a perspective of software architecture that

defines the use of services to support the defines the use of services to support the requirements of software users. In an SOA requirements of software users. In an SOA environment, resources on a network are environment, resources on a network are made available as independent services that made available as independent services that can be accessed without knowledge of their can be accessed without knowledge of their underlying platform implementation.underlying platform implementation.””

SOA Solves All Our Problems?SOA Solves All Our Problems?

nn InfoWorld: InfoWorld: Desperately Seeking SOA Desperately Seeking SOA (Alan(Alan ZeichickZeichick, 30 December 2004!), 30 December 2004!)

nn ZapthinkZapthink: : Why is SOA Taking So Long?Why is SOA Taking So Long?(October 2005)(October 2005)

nn Gartner 18 July 2006: SOA is entering Gartner 18 July 2006: SOA is entering the the ““trough of disillusionmenttrough of disillusionment””

Service Oriented ArchitectureService Oriented Architecture

HereHere’’s a Thoughts a Thought……

Perhaps we should focus on

• agility

• reusable design

• performance metrics

• expected change.

Some More from GartnerSome More from Gartner

nn ““Organizations implementing Organizations implementing SOASOA’’s s should pay close attention to the MDA should pay close attention to the MDA standards and consider acquiring tools standards and consider acquiring tools that automate models and rules.that automate models and rules.””

nn ““By reinforcing the businessBy reinforcing the business--level focus level focus and coupling and coupling MDAMDA’’s s with SOA concepts, with SOA concepts, you end up with a system that is you end up with a system that is inherently more flexible and adaptable.inherently more flexible and adaptable.””

Why Why ““Model DrivenModel Driven”” ??

nn ModelsModels——abstractionsabstractions——are ancient inare ancient innn EngineeringEngineeringnn ArchitectureArchitecturenn ShipShip--buildingbuildingnn Traffic controlTraffic controlnn WorkflowWorkflownn MaintenanceMaintenancenn ……

People Talk to Computers with SymbolsPeople Talk to Computers with Symbols

while (x < 10) {while (x < 10) {printfprintf ((stdoutstdout, array[x]);, array[x]);x++;x++;

}}

WhatWhat’’s wrong with this (non)s wrong with this (non)--picture?picture?This isnThis isn’’t how engineers design systems.t how engineers design systems.

How to Build InflexibilityHow to Build InflexibilityFirst, fill your mould (requirements & schedule) with wet concrete (code):

Now React to ChangesNow React to Changes

When you’ve finished, you have a big, rigid, monolithic thing that has one very specific purpose, and

• there are no identifiable parts that can be reused for something else

• it’s incomposable

• it’s completely inflexible

• it’s difficult to change

• if you try, it breaks.

Heterogeneity is PermanentHeterogeneity is Permanent

nn Programming languagesProgramming languagesnn ~3 million COBOL programmers~3 million COBOL programmersnn ~1.6 million VB programmers~1.6 million VB programmersnn ~1.1 million C/C++ programmers~1.1 million C/C++ programmers

nn Operating systemsOperating systemsnn Unix, MVS, VMS,Unix, MVS, VMS, MacOSMacOS, Windows (all 8!),, Windows (all 8!), PalmOSPalmOS……nn Windows 3.1: itWindows 3.1: it’’s still out there!s still out there!nn Embedded devices (mobile, setEmbedded devices (mobile, set--top, etc.)top, etc.)

nn NetworksNetworksnn Ethernet, ATM, IP, SS7, Ethernet, ATM, IP, SS7, FirewireFirewire, USB, USBnn Bluetooth, 802.11b,Bluetooth, 802.11b, HomeRFHomeRF

The integration picture is always changingThe integration picture is always changing

Executive decisions, mergers & acquisitions have a way of surprising us…

How Can We Deal with This?How Can We Deal with This?

Make adaptability the design center Make adaptability the design center for your architecture.for your architecture.

Design systems asDesign systems ascollections of services.collections of services.

Services add flexibilityServices add flexibility

nn Improve agility of the enterprise Improve agility of the enterprise systemsystem by mirroring the by mirroring the enterpriseenterprisenn Take an orderTake an ordernn Ship a productShip a productnn Report accountsReport accountsnn Forecast salesForecast sales

nn Each business process becomes a Each business process becomes a serviceservicenn Modularity leads to flexibilityModularity leads to flexibilitynn New processes can use old servicesNew processes can use old services

Service Oriented ArchitectureService Oriented Architecture

nn Service: a (generally) coarseService: a (generally) coarse--grained business grained business function, some or all of which is automatedfunction, some or all of which is automated

nn ComposableComposable: may be orchestrated into a new : may be orchestrated into a new business function without unexpected sidebusiness function without unexpected side--effectseffects

nn Modular: each service represents a selfModular: each service represents a self--contained business function with a wellcontained business function with a well--defined interfacedefined interface

nn Precisely defined: public metadata describes Precisely defined: public metadata describes the functionality of the service, how it can be the functionality of the service, how it can be composed, and expected outcomes.composed, and expected outcomes.

SOA is a SOA is a Business DecisionBusiness Decision

nn The decision to The decision to structure structure the businessthe business around around wellwell--defined servicesdefined services is related is related to, but not the same as, to, but not the same as, an IT decision to use SOAan IT decision to use SOA

nn The business decision is The business decision is tougher than the technical tougher than the technical decision.decision.

““Precisely defined metadataPrecisely defined metadata””??

Back up a minute, what is that?

Modeling is the FocusModeling is the Focus

nn Modeling, especially graphical modeling isModeling, especially graphical modeling isnn A natural human approach to designA natural human approach to designnn Thousands of years oldThousands of years oldnn Allows expression of design separate from Allows expression of design separate from

implementation, as implementations changeimplementation, as implementations changenn Allows for longAllows for long--term maintenance & integration term maintenance & integration nn Is an Is an acceleratoraccelerator of implementationof implementationnn Is technologyIs technology--independentindependent

18th century B.C. multiplication table

OMGOMG’’s s Mission Since 1989Mission Since 1989

nn Develop an architecture, using appropriate Develop an architecture, using appropriate technology, for modeling & distributed technology, for modeling & distributed application integration, guaranteeing:application integration, guaranteeing:nn reusability of componentsreusability of componentsnn interoperability & portabilityinteroperability & portabilitynn basis in commercially available softwarebasis in commercially available software

nn Specifications Specifications freely availablefreely availablenn Implementations existImplementations existnn MemberMember--controlled notcontrolled not--forfor--profitprofit

Who Are OMG?Who Are OMG?

ABN Amro

Adaptive

BEA

Borland

Boeing

CA

Citigroup

Compuware

DaimlerChrysler

EDS

Ericsson

Fujitsu

General Electric

Harris

Hewlett Packard

Hitachi

IBM

IONA

io Software

Kennedy Carter

Kaiser Permanente

KDM Analytics

MITRE

NASA

NEC

NIST

NTT DoCoMo

Northrop Grumman

OASIS

Oracle

PRISM

SAP

SAS Institute

Select Software

Siemens

Softeam

Sun

Unisys

Visa

W3C

OMGOMG’’s s BestBest--Known SuccessesKnown Successes

nn Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCommon Object Request Broker Architecturenn CORBACORBA®® remains the only languageremains the only language-- and platformand platform--neutral neutral

interoperability standardinteroperability standard

nn Unified Modeling LanguageUnified Modeling Languagenn UMLUMLTMTM remains the worldremains the world’’s only standardized modeling languages only standardized modeling language

nn Common Warehouse Common Warehouse MetamodelMetamodelnn CWMCWMTMTM, the integration of the last two data warehousing initiatives, the integration of the last two data warehousing initiatives

nn MetaMeta--Object FacilityObject Facilitynn MOFMOFTMTM, the language, the language--defining languagedefining language

nn XML Metadata InterchangeXML Metadata Interchangenn XMIXMITMTM, the XML, the XML--UML standardUML standard

Going Going ““Up The StackUp The Stack””

nn OMGOMG’’s s history has been to address the history has been to address the ““technology stacktechnology stack”” from the bottom up:from the bottom up:nn Object orientationObject orientationnn Distributed middlewareDistributed middlewarenn ModelingModelingnn Vertical market modelsVertical market modelsnn Business management: process & rulesBusiness management: process & rules

The Model Driven ArchitectureThe Model Driven Architecture

nn OMGOMG’’s s Model Driven ArchitectureModel Driven Architecture (MDA(MDATMTM) initiative is aimed ) initiative is aimed precisely at modeling precisely at modeling ““up and down the stackup and down the stack””

nn You have an opportunity to increase your bottom line by You have an opportunity to increase your bottom line by integrating your assetsintegrating your assets

nn Industry standards support that goal by futureIndustry standards support that goal by future--proofing your proofing your application designapplication design

nn The MDA will help you integrate the mix you have today, The MDA will help you integrate the mix you have today, and give you an architecture to support the unexpectedand give you an architecture to support the unexpected

nn Focus on integrating legacy applicationsFocus on integrating legacy applicationsnn Ensure smooth integration of COTS applicationsEnsure smooth integration of COTS applicationsnn Models are Models are testabletestable and and simulatablesimulatablenn The aim: The aim: a 20a 20--year software architectureyear software architecture

What is Model Driven Architecture?What is Model Driven Architecture?

nn A Better Way to Specify and Design & DevelopA Better Way to Specify and Design & Developnn Based on modeling standards like UML, MOFBased on modeling standards like UML, MOFnn Is extensible to all modeling problemsIs extensible to all modeling problemsnn Supports full lifecycle: analysis, design, Supports full lifecycle: analysis, design,

implementation, deployment, maintenance, implementation, deployment, maintenance, evolution & integration with later systemsevolution & integration with later systems

nn Builds in Interoperability and PortabilityBuilds in Interoperability and Portabilitynn Lowers initial cost and maximizes ROILowers initial cost and maximizes ROI

Model Driven ArchitectureModel Driven Architecture

nn An An initiativeinitiative of the Object Management Group of the Object Management Group (OMG)(OMG)

nn A A brandbrand for tools based on for tools based on OMGOMG’’s s UML and UML and MOF open standardsMOF open standards

nn A A set of specificationsset of specifications defined by defined by OMGOMG’’s s open, worldwide process.open, worldwide process.

Modeling: Key ConceptsModeling: Key Conceptsnn Emphasis on Emphasis on transformation techniquestransformation techniques

nn Based on a standardBased on a standard metamodelingmetamodeling framework; framework; there will be manythere will be many metamodelsmetamodels, and plenty of , and plenty of modeling languages (including UML)modeling languages (including UML)

nn Clear semantics, expressed consistentlyClear semantics, expressed consistentlynn Potentially many levels of abstractionPotentially many levels of abstraction

nn Enduring architecturesEnduring architectures are the focusare the focusnn Maintenance and integration arenMaintenance and integration aren’’t pretty, but they t pretty, but they

are the main job of ITare the main job of ITnn Graphical languages as well as textual onesGraphical languages as well as textual ones

nn Some generic, some domainSome generic, some domain--specific, just like the specific, just like the textual language worldtextual language world

Model Driven ArchitectureModel Driven Architecture

Shared Languages are ImportantShared Languages are Importantnn The Unified Modeling Language is the successor to the The Unified Modeling Language is the successor to the

dozens of OO A&D notations of the early dozens of OO A&D notations of the early ’’90s90snn UML is broadly adopted, as are other key OMG modeling UML is broadly adopted, as are other key OMG modeling

languages: BPMN, CWM, MOF, XMIlanguages: BPMN, CWM, MOF, XMInn Initial UML 1.x standardized in 1997Initial UML 1.x standardized in 1997nn VendorVendor--neutral worldwide certification easily availableneutral worldwide certification easily availablenn Standardization primed the marketStandardization primed the market

nn Hundreds of booksHundreds of booksnn Dozens of commercial toolsDozens of commercial toolsnn Widely available trainingWidely available training

nn Supported by an open processSupported by an open processnn UML 2.0 updates came from 54 companiesUML 2.0 updates came from 54 companies

UML & MDA Books ProliferatingUML & MDA Books Proliferating

UML Certification Program (OCUP)UML Certification Program (OCUP)§ OMG/UTI UML Certification Program

§ Started November 2003

§Worldwide (English & Japanese)

§ Books available in Japanese & German

§ Three levels of accomplishment

§ Focused on UML 2.0

§ New Realtime/Embedded on the wayOMG

Endorsed!

MDA is MDA is ProvenProven

nn Many excellent proofsMany excellent proofs--ofof--concept:concept:nn Banks, railroads, trading, insurance, Banks, railroads, trading, insurance,

manufacturing, healthcare, etc.manufacturing, healthcare, etc.nn Adopted by UN/CEFACT, SWIFT, ACORD, HL7 Adopted by UN/CEFACT, SWIFT, ACORD, HL7

and other key standards playersand other key standards players

nn Careful studies prove the pointCareful studies prove the pointnn The Middleware Company (TMC)The Middleware Company (TMC)nn Electronic Data Systems (EDS)Electronic Data Systems (EDS)

MDA is MDA is FractalFractalnn There is a general pattern to MDA:There is a general pattern to MDA:nn DiscoverDiscover multiple syntaxes for a single multiple syntaxes for a single

semanticsemanticnn Derive & designDerive & design a model which underlies a model which underlies

that semanticthat semanticnn DevelopDevelop transformations between those transformations between those

models.models.

Back to BPMBack to BPM……nn Business process management is gaining Business process management is gaining

attention due to the need to organize, attention due to the need to organize, outline, implement outline, implement and measureand measure business business processesprocesses

nn Central tenet of the Service Oriented Central tenet of the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) movement is Architecture (SOA) movement is managing processesmanaging processes (and related IT) to (and related IT) to increase agilityincrease agility——that requires process that requires process managementmanagement

Modeling is PervasiveModeling is Pervasive

UML

BPMN, etc.

MOF, CWM, etc.

Business Components

Service-Oriented Architecture

Merger of OMG and BPMI.orgMerger of OMG and BPMI.org

nn Natural combination of Natural combination of groups that had been groups that had been working together for yearsworking together for years

nn Pulled together Pulled together metamodelingmetamodeling, modeling & , modeling & notationnotation

nn Integrates business Integrates business process management, process management, process modeling & process modeling & business rulesbusiness rules

OMG Business Modeling ActivityOMG Business Modeling Activitynn Semantics of Business Vocabulary and RulesSemantics of Business Vocabulary and Rules

nn Adopted OMG standardAdopted OMG standard

nn Business MotivationBusiness Motivation MetamodelMetamodelnn Adopted OMG standard Adopted OMG standard

nn Business Process Modeling NotationBusiness Process Modeling Notationnn Adopted OMG standard (2.0 underway)Adopted OMG standard (2.0 underway)

nn Business Process DefinitionBusiness Process Definition MetamodelMetamodelnn In process; expected completion shortlyIn process; expected completion shortly

nn Organization StructureOrganization Structure MetamodelMetamodelnn In process; expected completion shortlyIn process; expected completion shortly

nn Production Rule RepresentationProduction Rule Representationnn In process; expected completion shortlyIn process; expected completion shortly

nn Business Process Maturity Model under discussionBusiness Process Maturity Model under discussion

Business Process Definition Metamodel (BPDM)Business Process Definition Metamodel (BPDM)

nn Defines an abstract language for Defines an abstract language for specification of executable business specification of executable business processes (with or without human processes (with or without human involvement) and may collaborate involvement) and may collaborate between otherwisebetween otherwise--independent independent business processes executing in business processes executing in different business environmentsdifferent business environments

BP Language BP LanguageBPDM

Business Semantics of Business Rules (BSBR)Business Semantics of Business Rules (BSBR)

nn Allows business people to define policies Allows business people to define policies and business rules in their own language and business rules in their own language and to capture those rules in an and to capture those rules in an unambiguous language that is readily unambiguous language that is readily translatable to other representationstranslatable to other representations

An Underlying MOF ModelAn Underlying MOF Model

BPMN: A Core ExampleBPMN: A Core Example

§§ BPMN was designed to bridge the gap BPMN was designed to bridge the gap between business process design and process between business process design and process implementationimplementation§§To support both abstract and executable processes: To support both abstract and executable processes: not just automationnot just automation

§§ BPMN is supported by more than 40 vendorsBPMN is supported by more than 40 vendors§§Process engines support BPMN nativelyProcess engines support BPMN natively§§Tools map BPMN to BPEL and other execution Tools map BPMN to BPEL and other execution langaugeslangauges§§Also in use by BPM practitioners in the end user Also in use by BPM practitioners in the end user communitycommunity

Status of the StandardStatus of the StandardØØ BPMN 1.0 originally released by BPMI in May, 2004BPMN 1.0 originally released by BPMI in May, 2004ØØ FastFast--tracked by OMG, adopted in only 90 daystracked by OMG, adopted in only 90 daysØØ Specification & information at http://www.Specification & information at http://www.bpmnbpmn.org/.org/

Simple & StraightforwardSimple & Straightforward

Circling Back: SOA, BPM & MDACircling Back: SOA, BPM & MDAnn Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an

executive decisionexecutive decision that requires commitment that requires commitment to discovering, mapping, and executing to discovering, mapping, and executing repeatable processesrepeatable processes

nn Business Process Modeling (BPM) is a Business Process Modeling (BPM) is a requirement for mapping, executing and requirement for mapping, executing and measuringmeasuring repeatable processesrepeatable processes

nn Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a way to Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a way to share concepts, designs and languages in a share concepts, designs and languages in a world of constantly changing infrastructure world of constantly changing infrastructure and requirementsand requirements

nn Tools supporting that stack are in use Tools supporting that stack are in use today.today.

Sneak Peek: SOA ConsortiumSneak Peek: SOA Consortium

nn The SOA Consortium isThe SOA Consortium isnn An An advocacy groupadvocacy group helping CIOhelping CIO’’s and lines and line--

ofof--business managers make the transition business managers make the transition to SOAto SOA

nn A A community of practicecommunity of practice helping architects helping architects share best practices, success & failure share best practices, success & failure storiesstories

To Get More InformationTo Get More Information

nn BPM Activities PagesBPM Activities Pagesnn http://http://bmibmi..omgomg.org/.org/

nn MDA Information PageMDA Information Pagenn http://www.omg.org/mda/http://www.omg.org/mda/

nn OMG General InformationOMG General Informationnn http://www.omg.org/http://www.omg.org/

nn SOA Consortium InformationSOA Consortium Informationnn http://www.soahttp://www.soa--consortium.org/consortium.org/

nn Contact the AuthorContact the Authornn soley@omg.orgsoley@omg.org