pupdepartments.ac.inpupdepartments.ac.in/syllabi/Academic Session 2018-19/Faculty Of... · Web viewThe Written Word: Vandana R. Singh. The Student's Companion: Wilfred D. Best. Make

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALASchemes of Studies and Examination for the B. Sc. (Agriculture) Part – II

2018-2019, 2019-20, 2020-21 Examinations

Part - II (Semester - III)Paper No.

Subject Paper Period per week Marks

Internal Assessment

Total Marks

Theory

Practical Total

I English Theory 6 0 6 75 25 100II Soil Science Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40III Elements of Vegetable Growing Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40IV Agri. Engg. & Land Surveying Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40V Animal Husbandry Theory 4 3 7 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40VI Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla

Gian/Elementary PunjabiTheory - - - 75 25 100

Total 33 12 45 600

Part - II (Semester - IV)Paper

No.Subject Paper Period per week Mar

ksInternal

Assessment

Total Marks

Theory

Practical Total

VII Principles of Economics Theory 6 0 6 75 25 100

VIII Animal Management & Breeding

Theory 4 3 7 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40IX Basic Botany Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40X Field Crops Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40XI Manures & Fertilizers Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60

Practical 40 0 40XII Environmental & Road Safety

Awareness (Qualifying Paper)

Theory 6 0 6 70 30 100

XIII Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla Gian/Elementary Punjabi

Theory - - - 75 25 100

Total 34 12 46 600

SYLLABUS

B. Sc. (AGRICULTURE) PART-II (SEMESTER-III)

For the Sessions 2018-2019, 2019-20 & 2020-21)

PAPER – I : ENGLISH

Max Marks: 100 Theory: 75Time Allowed: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERThe question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will be of

30 marks each. Section C will consist of 15 very short-answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus and carries 15 marks. Text Prescribed: Eight short plays ed. by Jagdish Chander

(Waterloo and A Distant Relative not to be studied)

Section-A

UNIT-I1) One essay type question with an internal alternative based on character, summary,

significance of title. 152) Short answer questions. Five questions to be attempted out of the given eight in about 50-60

words each. 103) Explain with reference to context one dialogue out of the given two.

5Section-B

UNIT-IIText Prescribed: The Written Word: Vandana R. SinghThe Student's Companion: Wilfred D. Best.

1) Make a precis of the given passage and give it a suitable title.10

2) Translation of a given passage of 15 sentences into English15

3) One word substitute: The student is expected to attempt any five sentences out of the given eight.

5UNIT-III

Section C will cover the entire syllabus. All 15 questions to be answered in one sentence each.15x1=15

PAPER - II : SOIL SCIENCE

Max Marks: 60 Theory: 44Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internal Assessment: 16

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 7 marks each. The section C will consist of 8 short answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 16 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire section C.

Theory Section–A

1. Soil as a natural body, Pedological and edaphological concepts of soil. Soil genesis: soil forming rocks and minerals; weathering, processes and factors of soil formation;

2. Soil Profile, components of soil; Soil physical properties: soil-texture, structure, density and porosity, soil colour, consistence and plasticity;

3. Elementary knowledge of soil taxonomy classification and soils of India; Soil water retention, movement and availability;

4. Soil air, composition, gaseous exchange, problem and plant growth, Soil temperature; source, amount and flow of heat in soil; effect on plant growth,

Section-B

5. Soil reaction-pH, soil acidity and alkalinity, buffering, effect of pH on nutrient availability; 6. soil colloids - inorganic and organic; silicate clays: constitution and properties; sources of charge;

ion exchange, cation exchange capacity, base saturation;7. soil organic matter: composition, properties and its influence on soil properties; humic substances

- nature and properties; soil organisms: macro and micro-organisms, their beneficial and harmful effects;

8. Soil pollution - behaviour of pesticides and inorganic contaminants, prevention and mitigation of soil pollution.

PRACTICALS

Max Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.

Study of soil profile in field. Study of soil sampling tools, collection of representative soil sample, its processing and storage. Study of soil forming rocks and minerals. Determination of soil density, moisture content and porosity. Determination of soil texture by feel and Bouyoucos Methods. Studies of capillary rise phenomenon of water in soil column and water movement in soil. Determination of soil pH and electrical conductivity. Determination of cation exchange capacity of soil. Study of soil map. Determination of soil colour. Demonstration of heat transfer in soil. Estimation of organic matter content of soil.

Books Recommended

Brady, Nyle CC : The Nature and properties of soil Macmillan Publishing Co., New Delhi Tenhane R.V. Motiramani : Soil theory chemistry and fertility in tropical Asia. D.P, Bali V.P & : Prentice hall of Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.Donnahue Royl. Roth, H.D., and Turk L.H. : Fundamentals of soil science Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi.Yawlkar, K.S.Aggarwal, J.P & : Manures & Fertilizer. Agri/KA, Publishing Co. Nagpur Bakele S.

PAPER–III : ELEMENTS OF VEGETABLE GROWING

Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internal Assessment: 16





Section-A1. Scope, importance of vegetables in human nutrition and national economy, types of vegetables,

kitchen gardening2. Brief about origin, area, climate, soil, improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of

sowing, transplanting techniques, planting distance, fertilizer requirements, irrigation, weed management, harvesting and yield, physiological disorders, of important vegetable (Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Capsicum, Cucumber, Melons, Gourds, Pumpkin, French bean, Peas; Cole crops such as Cabbage, Cauliflower, Knol-khol; Bulb crops such as Onion, Garlic; Root crops such as Carrot, Raddish, Beetroot; Tuber crops such as Potato; Leafy vegetables such as Amaranth, Palak. Perennial vegetables).

Section-B5. Classification of vegetable crops6. Storage and seed production of potato, cole crops (Cabbages and cauliflower), Root crops, Bulb

crops, Peas and beans, Solanaceous fruit vegetables, cucurbits and okra.

PRACTICALS

Max Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.

Identification of vegetables crops and their seeds. Nursery raising. Direct seed sowing and transplanting. Study of morphological characters of different vegetables. Fertilizer applications. Harvesting & preparation for market. Calendar of operations Economics of vegetable cultivation.Note: The practical works done by the students during the semester is to be recorded in a note book which is to be signed by the teacher concerned. Candidates will be examined practically on work recorded in the note book.

Books RecommendedM.S. Dhaliwal : Hand Book of Vegetable crops.G.S. Sani : Text Book of vegetable production. PAU Lud : Package of practices for cultivation of vegetables. Yawlkar : Vegetable crops.Vishnu Swarup : Vegetable science and technology in India. Prem Nath, S. Velayudhan : Vegetables for Tropical Regions.& D.P. SinghM.K. Rana : Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables.

Paper-IV : Agricultural Engineering and Land Surveying

Max Marks: 60 Theory: 44Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internal Assessment: 16

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTERThe question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 7 marks each. The section C will consist of 8 short answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 16 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATESCandidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire section C.

Theory Section-A

1. Status of Farm Power in India, Sources of Farm Power , I.C. engines, working principles of I C engines, comparison of two stroke and four stroke cycle engines

2. Study of different components of I.C. engine, I.C. engine terminology and solved problems, Familiarization with different systems of I.C. engines: Air cleaning, cooling, lubrication, fuel supply and hydraulic control system of a tractor.

3. Familiarization with Power transmission system: clutch, gear box, differential and final drive of a tractor, Tractor types, Cost analysis of tractor power and attached implement, Familiarization with Primary and Secondary Tillage implement, Implement for hill agriculture, implement for intercultural operations

4. Familiarization with sowing and planting equipment, calibration of a seed drill and solved examples, Familiarization with Plant Protection equipment, Familiarization with harvesting and threshing equipment.

Section-B5. Introduction to Principles of planning and construction of farm building including dairy Farm,

Farm Roads, their layout and formation.6. Main use of electricity on farms and in farm houses, selection of electric motors for farms use,

repair and maintenance of motors on the farm.7. Surveying: Introduction, classification and basic principles, Linear measurements. Chain

surveying. Cross staff survey, Compass survey. Planimeter, Errors in measurements, their elimination and correction. Plane table surveying.

8. Levelling, Leveling difficulties and error in leveling, Contouring, Computation of area and volume. Theodolite traversing. Introduction to setting of curves. Total station, Electronic Theodolite. Introduction to GPS survey

PRACTICALSMax Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.

Study of different components of I.C. engine. To study air cleaning and cooling system of engine, Familiarization with clutch, transmission, differential and final drive of a tractor, Familiarization with lubrication and fuel supply system of engine, Familiarization with brake, steering, hydraulic control system of engine, Learning of tractor driving, Familiarization with operation of power tiller, Implements for hill agriculture, Familiarization with different types of primary and secondary tillage implements: mould plough, disc plough and disc harrow . Familiarization with seed-cum-fertilizer drills their seed metering mechanism and calibration, planters and transplanter Familiarization with different types of

sprayers and dusters Familiarization with different intercultivation equipment, Familiarization with harvesting and threshing machinery.

Use of surveying instruments, Measurement of distance by taking offsets. Finding angles between the lines with a prismatic : Determination of difference in heights of two points.

Chain survey of an area and preparation of map; Compass survey of an area and plotting of compass survey; Plane table surveying; Levelling. L section and X sections and its plotting; Contour survey of an area and preparation of contour map; Introduction of software in drawing contour; Theodolite surveying; Ranging by Theodolite, Height of object by using Theodolite; Setting out curves by Theodolite; Minor instruments. Use of total station..

Books Recommended

Michale, A.M & Ojha, T.P: Principles of AgriEngineering, Jain Brothers Publishers, New Delhi.Irshad Ali : Farm Power and Machinery, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.Smith Kanis Person : Farm Machinery and Equipments; Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co.

New Delhi.Wills L. Hang : Agri. Engg. Land Surveying, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.

New Delhi.Jain,S.C. and Rai,C.R. : Tractor Engine.Punmia, B C : Surveying (Vol.I). Laxmi Publications, New Delhi.Arora K R : Surveying(Vol.I), Standard Book House, Delhi.Kanetkar T P : Surveying and Levelling. Pune Vidyarthi Griha, Prakashan, Pune.

PAPER-V : ANIMAL HUSBANDARY





Theory Section-A

1. Importance of livestock to the Agriculture and its relation to National Economy. Livestock census, Milk Production in India, Per capita consumption of milk in various states of India as compared with some Western Countries.

2. Livestock history in India: Vedic, medieval and modern era; Demographic distribution of livestock; Introductory animal husbandry; Breeds of livestock; Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat and Pig; Important traits of livestock;

3. General management and feeding practices of animals; Handling and restraining of animals; Housing systems. Importance of grasslands and fodders in livestock production;

4. Common farm management practices including disinfection, isolation, quarantine and disposal of carcass; Common vices of animals and their prevention; Diseases and parasite control & hygiene care.

Section-B5. History and economic importance of poultry; Poultry breeds; Reproductive system of male and

female birds;6. Formation and structure of eggs; Important economic traits of poultry, Egg production, Egg

weight, Egg quality; Fertility and Hatchability, Plumage characteristics and comb types.7. Care and management of chicks, grower and layers/broiler; Brooding management; Hatchery

practices;8. Poultry Diseases, control and hygiene care.


Visit to livestock farms/demonstration centres; Breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and Pigs; Familiarization with body parts of animals; Handling and restraining of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and swine; Male and female reproductive system and Artificial Insemination; Feeding of livestock; Methods of identification: marking, tattooing, branding, tagging; Milking methods; Record Keeping Visit to the Poultry farm; Poultry breeds; Body parts of chicken, duck, quail and turkey; Housing, equipment, nesting and brooding requirements; Male and female reproductive system; Methods of identification and sexing; Hatchery layout and equipment; Identification of diseases and control of parasites, Vaccination; Maintenance of farm records;

Books Recommended

Singh, H., : Hand Book of Animal Husbandary, ICAR, New Delhi.Harbans and Moore : Livestock and Poultry Production, Prentice Hall of India.

Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.Morning & Williamson G.K. Payre, : Management Animal Husbandary in the Tropic,

Longam & Co. London.Dev, D.S. : Poultry Farming, P.A.U. Bulletin.Banerjee GC. : Text Book of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH.ICAR. : Handbook of Animal Husbandry. ICAR Publication.Parsad Jagdish. : Poultry Production and Management. Kalyani

Publishers.Sastry NSR & Thomas CK. : Dairy Bovine Production. Kalyani Publishers.Singh RA. : Poultry Production. Kalyani Publishers.Thomas CK & Sastry NSR. : Livestock Production Management. Kalyani Publishers.

PAPER-VI : Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla Gyan/Elementary PunjabiphHn?;;hH n?rohebuo$j'w ;kfJz;

Gkr^d{ik (;w?;No^shik)

SYLLABUS & COURSES OF READING FOR PUNJABI COMPULSORY (B.Sc. Agriculture/Home Science) /MUDLA

GYAN/ELEMENTARY PUNJABI WILL BE AS PER UG (BOARD OF STUDIES) IN PUNJABI, PUNJABI UNIVERSITY,

PATIALA

SYLLABUSOUTLINES OF TEST

SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR

B.Sc. (AGRICULTURE) PART-IISEMESTER-IV

PAPER–VII : PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

Max Marks: 100 Theory : 75Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internet Assessment: 25





Theory Section-A

1. Economics: Meaning, scope and subject matter, definitions, activities, approaches to economic analysis; micro and macro-economics, positive and normative analysis. Nature of economic theory; rationality assumption, concept of equilibrium, economic laws as generalization of human behavior.

2. Basic concepts: Goods and services, desire, want, demand, utility, cost and price, wealth, capital, income and welfare. Agricultural economics: meaning, definition, characteristics of agriculture, importance and its role in economic development. Agricultural planning and development in the country.

3. Demand: meaning, law of demand, schedule and demand curve, determinants, utility theory; law of diminishing marginal utility, equi-marginal utility principle. Consumer’s equilibrium and derivation of demand curve, concept of consumer surplus. Elasticity of demand: concept and measurement of price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity.

4. Production: process, creation of utility, factors of production, input output relationship. Laws of returns: Law of variable proportions and law of returns to scale. Cost: concepts, short run and long run cost curves. Supply: Stock v/s supply, law of supply, schedule, supply curve, determinants of supply, elasticity of supply.

Section-B

5. Market structure: meaning and types of market, basic features of perfectly competitive and imperfect markets. Price determination under perfect competition; short run and long run equilibrium of firm and industry, shut down and break even points.

6. Distribution theory: meaning, factor market and pricing of factors of production. Concepts of rent, wage, interest and profit. National income: Meaning and importance, circular flow, concepts of national income accounting and approaches to measurement, difficulties in measurement.

7. Population: Importance, Malthusian and Optimum population theories, natural and socioeconomic determinants, current policies and programmes on population control. Money: Barter system of exchange and its problems, evolution, meaning and functions of money, classification of money, supply, general price index, inflation and deflation. Banking: Role in modern economy, types of banks, functions of commercial and central bank, credit creation policy.

8. Agricultural and public finance: meaning, micro v/s macro finance, need for agricultural finance, public revenue and public expenditure. Tax: meaning, direct and indirect taxes, agricultural taxation, VAT. Economic systems: Concepts of economy and its functions, important features of capitalistic, socialistic and mixed economies, elements of economic planning.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

Jather & Berry : Elementary Principles of Economics.Sen, D.N. : Elementary Economics (Text Book), Calcutta. Dewett, K.K. : Modern Economics Theory, Premier Publishing Co. Delhi.Samuelson : Economics & Introductory Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.T. R. Jain : Micro- and Macro Economics: Introduction. T.R. Jain : Macro Economics.T.R. Jain : Public Finance & International Trade.

Paper-VIII : Animal Management and Breeding






Theory Section-A

1. General care of cattle, grooming, exercise, bathing, milking, observation of oestrum, dairying care during pregnancy and at parturition production of clean milk.

2. Care of calves: Care and Feeding of newly born and weaned calves, numbering, tattooing, notching, branding and ear tagging, dehorning, castration and daily weight gains. Bull : Feeding, handling, exercise and service of Bull. Sheep, Pigs, and Poultry.

3. Breeding strategies in large ruminants (cattle, buffalo), small ruminants (sheep, goat) and swine; Poultry breeding; Lab animal breeding; Management housing breeding and feeding.

4. Principles and methods of incubation, breeding, rearing and housing of poultry. Marking of eggs and birds, Broiler Production, Economics of Poultry farming.

Section-B

5. Principles of up-grading of buffaloes and cows. Various systems of breeding, Crossbreeding, Sire and Dam Importance, Pedigree and Selection, linkage, heredity, important terms in breeding.

6. Artificial Insemination, Merits and demerits. Reproduction, Gestation, Fertility, Sterility, Castration and Abortion. Location of Dairy farms, grouping of different farm buildings, types of dairy farms, Sanitation drainage of cattle sheds. Supply of clean and fresh water.

7. Signs of health and diseases, infections and contagious diseases, their causes, symptoms and treatment, Milk fever and sterility. Vaccination Schedules. Intensive Cattle Development Project, Key Village Scheme, National Dairy Development Board.

8. Breed improvement programs conducted in India; Molecular breeding: complementation of traditional breeding strategies with molecular genetics.


Methods of milking and milk recording. Collection of semen, its evaluation and extension, Technique of insemination pregnancy, diagnancy diagnosis. Recording of body temperature, pulse and respiration. Grading of eggs. Debeaking, Record keeping. Identification and use of common veterinary instruments and medicines. Administration of drugs and medicines: Drenching. Electuary, passerines, Anema, Douching and medicines, etc. Preparation of common remedies such as ointments, lotions, mixture, polluties and dressing of wounds. Cleaning, sterilization and disinfection of utensils, appliances and premises. Incubator operations. Breeding of chicks, Restraint, castration and canonization.

Books Recommended

1. Brah GS. 2014. Animal Genetics: Concepts and Implications. 2nd Ed. Kalyani Publishers.2. Nicholas FW. 2010. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics. 3rd Ed. Wiley-Blackwell Publication.3. Richard M. Bourdon. 1999. Understanding Animal Breeding. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall.

PAPER-IX : BASIC BOTANYMax Marks: 60 Theory : 44Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internal Assessment: 16




Theory Section-A

1. General characteristic features of different groups of plants – Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

2. Evolution: Fossils, homologous organs, vestigial organs, Atavism, Theories of organic Evolution, Lamarck’s theory, Darwin’s theory and Hugo De Vries theory of Evolution.

3. Variations, their types and Causes. 4. Ecology : Ecological factors and their effects on the vegetation. Morphological and anatomical

characters of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

Section-B5. Brief concept of Ecosystem, its components, food chain, food web, ecological pyramids concept

of biosphere.6. Source, effects and control measures of air, water and soil pollution, Plant succession, lithosere

and Hydrosere.7. Physiology : Cell as a physiological unit of function absorption of water and minerals from soil,

Passive and active absorption, Ascent of sap, transpiration , signification of transpiration, Anti transpirants and Guttation.

8. Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments, Photo system-I, Photo system-II, Calvin cycle, C3 and C4 plants. Respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Electron transport chain and anaerobic respiration. Photoperiodism and vernalization Hormones and their applications in Agriculture.


1. Morphology and studies of Spirogyra, Rhizopus, Funaria, Dryopteris, Pinus and Mustard.2. Morphology of some xerophytes and hydrophytes. Study of T.S. Hydrilla stem and V.S. leaf of Nerium. Demonstration of following experiments 3. Light, Chlorophyll and CO2 necessary for photosynthesis.4. To compare the rate of transpiration by four leaf experiment.5. CO2 evolved during respiration.6. Demonstration of anaerobic respiration. 7. Effect of rooting hormones on root differentiation.

Books Recommended

H.N Srivastava : Diversity of Microbes & Cryptogams Vol-I.H.N. Srivastava : Diversity of seed Plants & their Systematic. H.N. Srivastava : Plant Physiology.H.N. Srivastava : Ecology & Utilizations of Plant.N.C.E.R.T : Biology.K.N. Bhatia & M.P. Tyagi : Elementary Biology.G.M. Smith : Cryptogrammic Botany Vol-II.Dutta : Botany for degree Students.V.K. Jain : Fundamentals of Plant Physiology. V.Verma : Text Book of Plant Physiology.Odum & Barrett : Fundamental of Ecology.

PAPER-X : FIELD CROPS






Theory Section-A

Botany, Cultivation Practices, Improved varieties and harvesting of:1. Cereals: Wheat, Maize, & Rice. Millets: Bajra & Sorghum.2. Oilseeds: Raya, Groundnut & Sunflower.3. Sugar Crops: Sugarcane.4. Fibre Crops: Cotton.

Section –B

Botany, Cultivation Practices, Improved varieties and harvesting of:5. Pulses : Gram, Soybean, Arhar,& Moong.6. Fodder Crops: Barseem, Lucerne & Cluster bean.7. Tuber Crops: Potato.8. Botany,part used and medicinal value of : Celery & Mentha.

PRACTICALSMax Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.Practical study of the cultivation, Preparation of seed bed, application of manure, sowing and harvesting and threshing techniques of crops studied in theory. Recognition and Judging of crops for maturity and yield. Quality tests in crops; lint in cotton, juice in sugarcane.The students to cultivate co-operatively a block of land following a suitable rotation with all agronomic practices.Estimation of crops yield.Nursery raising techniques.Visit to experimental farm of crops.

Books Recommended

B. Gurarajan, R.Balasubramanian and V.Swaminathan. Recent Strategies on Crop Production.Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.Rajendra Prasad. Textbook of Field Crops Production - Commercial Crops. Volume II ICAR Publication.Rajendra Prasad. Textbook of Field Crops Production - Foodgrain Crops. Volume I ICAR Publication.S.R.Reddy. 2009. Agronomy of Field Crops. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.S.S.Singh. 2005. Crop Management. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. PAU, Ludhiana. 2018. Package of Practice Kharif. PAU, Ludhiana.PAU, Ludhiana. 2018. Package of Practice Rabi. PAU, Ludhiana.Chhidda Singh, Prem Singh & Rajbir Singh, Modern Techniques of raising Field crops.Oxford & IBH, Publishing Co.,New DelhiReddy, S.R. 2004. Agronomy of Field crops, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.Subhash Chandra Bose, M. and Balakrishnan, V. 2001. Forage Production South Asian Publishers, New Delhi.

PAPER-XI : MANURES AND FERTILIZERS



INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATESCandidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire section C.

Theory Section-A

1. Mineral constituents of soil, Arnons‘s criteria of essentiality of an element, essential plant nutrient elements (macro and micro), their sources, content in soil and functions.

2. Mechanism of absorption, deficiency symptoms in plants. Availability in soils, mechanism of transformation in soil.

3. Introduction and importance of organic manures, properties and methods of preparation of bulky and concentrated manures.

4. Green/leaf manuring, Farm yard manures, Biofertilizers and Vermicomposts.. Fertilizer recommendation approaches. Integrated nutrient management.

Section-B5. Chemical fertilizers: classification, composition, chemistry, behavior in soil and properties of

major nitrogenous, phosphatic, potassic fertilizers, secondary & micronutrient fertilizers, 6. Complex fertilizers, nano fertilizers Soil amendments, Fertilizer Storage, Fertilizer Control Order.

History of soil fertility and plant nutrition. criteria of essentiality. role, deficiency and toxicity symptoms of essential plant nutrients, Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors affecting nutrient availability to plants.

7. Chemistry of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and micronutrients. Soil fertility evaluation, Soil testing. Critical levels of different nutrients in soil. Forms of nutrients in soil, plant analysis, rapid plant tissue tests.

8. Indicator plants. Methods of fertilizer recommendations to crops. Factor influencing nutrient use efficiency (NUE), methods of application under rainfed and irrigated conditions.


Introduction of analytical instruments and their principles, calibration and applications, Colorimetry and flame photometry. Estimation of soil organic carbon, Estimation of alkaline hydrolysable N in soils. Estimation of soil extractable P in soils. Estimation of exchangeable K; Ca and Mg in soils . Estimation of soil extractable S in soils.. Estimation of DTPA extractable Zn in soils. Estimation of N in plants. Estimation of P in plants. Estimation of K in plants. Estimation of S in plants.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

Brady, Nyle C : The Nature and Properties of Soil. McMillan Publishing Co., New Delhi.

Tenhane R.V. Motiramani, : Soil Theory Chemistry and Fertility D.P., Bali V.P & in Tropical Asia. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

Roth, H.D., and Truk L.H. : Fundamentals of Soil Science. Wiley Eastern Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.

Yawlkar, K.S. Aggarwal, J.P : Manures & Fertilizer-Agri/KA Balkele S. Pulishing Co.Nagpur.

Ranjan Kumar Basak : Fertilizers: A Text Book

All UG Courses - II Year (Annual & 4th Semester)

Environmental and Road Safety Awareness

COMMON FOR ALL UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE COURSES PART-II(SEMESTER-IV)QUALIFYING SUBJECT- ENVIRONMENTAL &

ROAD SAFETY AWARENESS

PAPER-XIII : Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla Gyan/Elementary Punjabi

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Gkr^d{ik (;w?;No u"Ek)

SYLLABUS & COURSES OF READING FOR PUNJABI COMPULSORY (B.Sc. Agriculture/Home Science) /MUDLA GYAN/ELEMENTARY

PUNJABI WILL BE AS PER UG (BOARD OF STUDIES) IN PUNJABI, PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA

Documents

pupdepartments.ac.inpupdepartments.ac.in/syllabi/Academic Session 2018-19/Faculty Of... · Web viewThe Written Word: Vandana R. Singh. The Student's Companion: Wilfred D. Best. Make