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Session
Customer Analysis
Session Outline
Customer Profiling Consumer Behaviour Benefits Sought Attitudes Values Stereotypes
This Session Weekly Activity: Understanding Markets Select a category of passenger car from the list
used by VFACTS. To find this list, go to www.fcai.com.au and click on
“sales”, “cars” & “segmentation criteria” in the top menu
With this category as a basis, describe (or profile) a market segment that would be interested in buying a new vehicle, using each of the segmentation approaches discussed as sub-headings.
Explain your approach for each sub-heading.
Customer Analysis Customer Analysis This section analyses the factors that impact on or influence customer
demand and the business’s ability to supply it’s products and services to cater for this demand, factors would include perception gaps, loyalty, satisfaction and customer service levels as well as responses to advertising and promotion
Total Market Segments This section looks at the make-up of the catchment or trading area by
various customer groups (segments) using criteria such as: education, income, religion, ethnicity, age,social class, lifestyle, family life-cycle, etc. This information is available from export trade/census data
Customer Analysis
Target Customer Groups This section broadly describes the specific customer groups
(segments) you have selected as your targets which the majority of your business revenue will come form.
Each target customer group should be described as individual segment categories.
Group Profiles (characteristics) This section profiles each individual segment category in
detail by their segment attributes or specific characteristics
Topic Example Video
The following video explains customer needs and wants.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVCZ-
7xSsCw
Customer Analysis
Consumer Behaviour (needs & wants) This section outlines the needs and wants of
each individual segment and links this to your products/service features and benefits that would be satisfied.
In other words, it considers how customers will behave (purchase or not) to what you are offering them (products and services).
Topic Example Video
The following video explains how marketers need to dig deep to really understand consumer needs and wants.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVCZ-
7xSsCw
Customers
Customers should be one of the major foci of the organisation.
Particular attention should be given to customer’s buying behaviour.
Buying behaviour can change to or adapt according to cultural trends.
Customer Markets
Topic Example Video
The following video describes the process of customer profiling.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=VGTN80mqZho
Customer Profile
Describe the profile of the customer by each market segment.
What do they buy? Where do they buy it? Why do they buy it?
When do they buy it? Where and how are the products
sold in each market segment?
Customer Profile
Who is the buyer and who is the end user in each market segment?
Who buys what in what market segments?
Will they change their buying habits? Remember, buyer behaviour is affected
by economic, social and political influences.
Customer Profiling Customer Profiling is a prospecting tool that exploits
data about customers buying patterns and behavior to gain a greater understanding of consumer motivations.
Customer Profiling assists in micro targeting the right customer with the right product or service. Businesses today are using profiling to reduce fraud, to anticipate demand, to increase new customer acquisition and customer loyalty.
Customer Profiling is also used to develop lifelong relationships with Customers by anticipating and fulfilling their needs.
Customer Profiling Customer profiling business uses: Nokia uses psychological profiling to understand
consumer needs and drive their business strategy Telecommunications, stock exchanges and credit card and
insurance companies use profiling to detect fraud, optimize marketing campaigns, and identify the most profitable strategies
The medical industry uses profiling to predict the effectiveness of surgical procedures, medical tests and medications
Retailers use profiling to assess the effectiveness of coupons and special events, and predict which offers are most appropriate for different consumers.
Basic Customer Profile
Topic Example Video
The following video discusses what is target marketing.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=0ZW0SFwYjw8
Target Marketing
Is Where! Organisations specifically design,
implement and maintain their marketing efforts at those most likely customer groups sharing common needs or similar traits/characteristics as well as having the highest potential for buying it’s products or services intending to result in mutually satisfying exchanges.
Measurability
SubstantialityResponsiveness
Accessibility
Successfulsegmentatio
n
Effective Segmentation
1. Measurability - size and purchasing power.
2. Accessibility - can be reached and served.
3. Responsiveness (Actionability) - effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the segment.
4. Substantiality - large and/or profitable.
Effective Segmentation
The Consumer Market
The consumer market consists of all individuals and households who buy goods and services for their personal use.
Individuals in the consumer market will vary in their consumption patterns in terms of;
their age their income their occupation and educational status their household composition.
Personal Factors
A buyer’s decisions are also influenced by personal characteristics such as: age life cycle stage occupation economic situation lifestyle personality self concept
Family Life Cycle
Family life cycle will determine the purchase behaviour of individuals and reason for purchase.
Single parent & two-parent family. Young couples no children. Family (usually 2 adults, 2 young
children). Family with teenagers. Multi-cultural (or mixed) family.
Activity: Country Census Data
Census data is often not easy to find especially for foreign countries. In Australia, the Australian Bureau of Statistics provides this information
Using the (www.census.gov) website, under “People & Households” go to “International”. Under “Quick Links”, go to “International Data Base (IDB)”. Under “Enter the Databases”, go to “Data Access”.
Select a country and year and go to the “References” section.
Search for that country’s census website address. Go to that specific country’s census website address
and search for more specific census information.
Lifestyle
A person’s pattern of living as expressed in their activities, interests and opinions.
Topic Example Video
The following video explains what is psychographics.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=yfOWtaNp2Yg
Psychographics
The technique of measuring lifestyles and developing lifestyle classifications.
It involves measuring the major AIO dimensions (activities, interests and opinions) towards specific products, brands, services, etc.
Topic Example Video
The following video outlines what is VAL’s (Values, Attitudes & Lifestyles) and how this is important in marketing.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgcLYXol-
xM
Values, Attitudes, Lifestyles - VALS
VALS is a classification of adults into eight distinct segments based on their attitudes towards social issues.
The VALS segments describe specific lifestyles as: innovators thinkers believers achievers strivers experiencers makers survivors.
VALS Applications VALS information is used for market and product
positioning strategies Identifies which market opportunities are the strongest
by relating features and benefits to distinct segment needs clarifies strategies for targeting and expansion.
Applications include: Competitive Analysis Brand Differentiation Target Selection Proprietary Research Linking of Data Sets Customer Retention.
Activity: VALS Online Survey Undertake the VALS Online Survey to determine
your primary and secondary VALS types. Go to: www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/
surveynew.shtml Comment on whether or not this is an accurate
reflection of your lifestyle outlook.
Behavioural segmentation
Dividing a market into groups based on:
Purchase occasion Benefits sought User status/ usage rate User loyalty status
BUYING-DECISION PROCESS
Need recognition
Identification of alternatives
Evaluation of alternatives
Purchase and related decisions
Post-purchase behaviour
INFORMATION
Commercialsources
Social sources
SITUATIONALFACTORSWhen consumers buyWhereconsumers buy
Why consumers buyConditions under whichconsumers buy
PSYCHOLOGICAL FORCESMotivationPerceptionLearningPersonalityAttitude
SOCIAL ANDGROUP FORCESCultureSubcultureSocial classReference groupsFamily and households
Modes of Buyer Behaviour
Complexbuying
behaviour
Dissonance-reducing buying
behaviour
Variety-seeking
behaviour
Habitualbuying
behaviour
HighInvolvement
Significantdifferences
betweenbrands
Fewdifferences
betweenbrands
LowInvolvement
Buyer Decision-Making
Buyer Decision-Making
There are four types of decisions that buyers make:
habitual (routine) decision-makingvariety seeking (limited problem
solving)dissonance reducing (eg. insurance)complex (extended problem solving).
Topic Example Video
The following video outlines the consumer buying process.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=zPFeoNkZYGc
The Consumer Decision Process
Problem RecognitionProblem Recognition
Information SearchInformation Search
Alternative EvaluationAlternative Evaluation
Purchase DecisionPurchase Decision
Postpurchase EvaluationPostpurchase Evaluation
Evaluative Criteria
Marketer’s view: Product is a bundle of attributes
Consumer’s view: Product is a set of consequences
Functional consequences are concrete, tangible outcomes
Psychological consequences are abstract and subjective
Purchase Decision
The step of the buyer decision process in which the consumer actually buys the product.
Two factors can come between the purchase intention and the purchase decision: attitudes of others unexpected situational factors
SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES ARE TEMPORARY FORCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMMEDIATE PURCHASE ENVIRONMENT THAT AFFECT BEHAVIOUR
When consumers buy—the time influence. (day, week, season).
Where consumers buy—the place a decision is made (home, point of purchase).
How consumers buy—the way in which consumers buy (bulk etc).
Situational Influences
STAGE 5—POST-PURCHASE BEHAVIOR, OR COGNITITVE DISSONANCE
Consumers strive for internal harmony and consistency among their cognitions (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values) any inconsistency in these cognitions will result in anxiety—cognitive dissonance.
Consumers will experience post-purchase, cognitive dissonance when alternatives have both advantages and limitations.
Post-Purchase Behaviour
Post-Purchase Behaviour
The stage of the buyer decision process in which consumers take further action after purchase, based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
What determines whether the buyer is satisfied or dissatisfied with the purchase? consumer’s expectations versus
perceived performance
Psychological Processes
Problem RecognitionProblem Recognition
Information SearchInformation Search
Alternative EvaluationAlternative Evaluation
Purchase DecisionPurchase Decision
Postpurchase EvaluationPostpurchase Evaluation
MotivationMotivation
PerceptionPerception
Attitude FormationAttitude Formation
IntegrationIntegration
LearningLearning
Decision Process Stages Psychological Processes
Topic Example Video
The following video explains the use of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in marketing.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2UkyU5v0WdM
Motivation (Maslow)
Physiological needs(hunger, thirst)
Safety needs(security, protection)
Social needs(sense of belonging, love)
Esteem needs(self-esteem, recognition, status)
Self-actualization needs(self-development, realization)
Perception
The limitations to perception are due to our selective process to stimuli. Selective attention (We perceive only part of what
we are exposed to). Selective distortion (We alter stimuli based on our
attitudes and beliefs). Selective retention (We retain only part of what
we selectively perceive). Selective action (We act upon part of what we
retain).
……
… …
Personality
A person’s unique psychological characteristics that lead to relatively consistent and lasting responses to their environment. self confidence dominance sociability autonomy defensiveness adaptability aggressiveness
Attitudes and beliefs
Attitude—a persons enduring tendency to evaluate, feel about or act in relation to some object or idea.
Attitudes are formed by the information individuals acquire through their learning experience and influenced by personality traits.
Attitudes BeliefsInfluence
Consumer Attitudes
Learned predispositions to respond toward an object—an individual’s overall feelings toward or evaluation of an object.
Consumers may hold attitudes toward: Individuals Brands Companies Organizations Product categories Retailers Advertisements Media
Leaky Bucket Theory
Every business must both have a flow of new customers (offensive marketing) at the same time restricting exiting customers (defensive marketing).
The aim is to increase the number of customers available to the business.
To achieve profitability both strategies must work in tandem.
Leaky Bucket Theory
Customerbase
Offensivemarketing
Customer acquisition
Defensivemarketing
Customerretention
Topic Recap Video
The following video provides some tips on how consumer behaviour is changing.
Take note of the key points. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2N6spwyBuvE
Next Session Weekly Activity:CRM Software Today many organisations use computers to help
them better manage their client relationships. A basic CRM system consists of a database
containing information about people with whom staff maintain relationships with.
Download the Reflect free CRM software at www.nchsoftware.com/crm/index.html.
Learn some of the fundamentals of CRM including customer information searching, time management, communication, sales forecasting, etc.
Evaluate it’s usefulness as a CRM tool.
