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BCI Convention
29 April 2014
Setting the Scene:
Battery Technology R&D Roadmap 2030 for
Hybrid- and e-Mobility Vehicle Applications
Alfons Westgeest
Executive Director of EUROBAT
ISPRA 28-29 October 2015
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
Content
1. EUROBAT industrial landscape
2. 2030 R&D-Roadmap automotive battery technology
3. Economic impact (European Climate Foundation)
4. Energy storage and automotive
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
1. EUROBAT association and membership
Manufacturers and supply chain of automotive and
industrial batteries. Represents industry at EU level
Technology: Lead, Lithium, Sodium, Nickel
Exchanges expert information to stakeholders incl.
renewable energy storage and electrification of mobility
30,000 jobs in EMEA: industrial base
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
Battery Manufacturers
Supply Industry
Membership: Europe and Global
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
2. E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
• 2014 Review of Battery Technologies for Automotive
Applications
• Suitability of battery technologies in automotive sector
• EUROBAT e-mobility Roadmap looks at up to 2030
• Identifies 6 R&D priority areas for improvements
• Together the Reports give a comprehensive picture of
battery technologies for all vehicle applications
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
• 6 R&D priority areas:
• Specific recommendations to progress in these areas are
identified.
• Focus on three battery technologies which we predict will
have the greatest potential for further technological
improvements and competitiveness over next decade:
1. Advanced lead-based batteries
2. Lithium-ion based batteries
3. Sodium based batteries
• See Annex and online Report with full details
Targets of the Roadmap
• Performances
• Cost
• System integration
• Production process
• Safety
• Recycling
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
Types of vehicles covered in the roadmap
• Full-hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
• Electric vehicles (EVs)
• Start-stop vehicles
• Micro-hybrid, advanced micro-
hybrid and mild-hybrid vehicles
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
(Micro-) Hybridisation of transport is needed to
meet EU CO2, NOx…emissions targets: by
installing of the start-stop and micro-hybrid batteries
now on all combustion engine cars.
New combinations of advanced batteries are being
launched.
Full transport electrification: Battery technological
developments will further improve and strengthen in
performance, affordability and reliability for
application in hybrid and full electric vehicles.
Hybridisation
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
Hybridisation and electrification and job creation (2014
report European Climate Foundation
with EUROBAT input).
European Climate Foundation
3. Economic Impact Studies
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
European Climate Foundation
National impact
Benefits of shifting to low-
carbon vehicles by 2030
in the UK:
25 November 2015, Paris: launch event of the ECF Report
“En route pour un transport durable”
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
4. Battery Energy Storage (BES) for grid
flexibility, RES and self-consumption
Distribution Level
BES can smoothen electricity supply from Renewable Energy
Sources (RES) to match with demand, controlling power flow,
mitigating congestion and maintaining constant voltage.
Customer Level
BES store electricity when not needed and
discharge it when needed, considerably
increasing self-consumption levels
Start-stop, Hybrid, E-mobility and Demand Response
Plug-in and Electric vehicles increasingly connected to
the grid offer opportunities to help balance grid load
patterns by demand response, through delayed or speed
of charge for peak-shaving and buffering
Unlocking
for services
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
Conclusions:
Commitments to the future
1. Improve performance and affordability of all battery technologies
to further technological, economical and job development.
2. Competitiveness of Europe’s battery industry with R&D funding for all battery technologies
to keep a window of opportunity to build batteries in Europe
3. Battery applications are solutions for hybridization in mobility and for storage
to allow growing renewable energy: flexibility in electrification and self-consumption.
4. Working together with regulators and stakeholders across Europe and in USA.
to build trust, compliance and transparency for a sustainable future.
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
-Thank You - For more information
Download our reports here:
www.eurobat.org
Contact [email protected]
Tel: + 32 2761 1653
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
Advanced lead-based batteries: priorities
Technological performance • Improving the conductivity with new additives to the active material (carbon nanotechnologies) • Increase of charge acceptance with high surface doping material • Lighter-weighting solutions – the use of lighter materials as a conductive substrate (Cu, Al, C, etc.) Lower cost • Use of high-volume cost-optimized carbon materials as additives • Increased usage of secondary materials • Development of fully automated processes for new advanced designs (e.g. bipolar, spiral wound) • Optimization of battery design for end-of-life recycling and remanufacturing
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
Advanced lead-based batteries: priorities
Safety Parameters • Lead-based batteries are safe due to the use of non-flammable electrolytes
Recycling • Closed-loop recycling system established in the EU • Nearly 100% recycling rate, higher than any other mass-market consumer product, leaving
virtually no room for improvement.
System Integration • Electronic devices to adjust the state of
charge to real working conditions • Advanced thermal solutions to enable a
wider range of operating conditions Process Optimization: Already automated, improvements are possible for:
• Active material preparation • Cureless plate production • Close loop formation
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
Lithium-based batteries: priorities
Technological performance • Energy density can be improved by developing
electrode materials with a high specific capacity, or by developing cells using higher voltage chemistry
• Power density improvement through optimised design, improved manufacturability and high performance current collectors
• Improvement of battery’s thermal management system can extend the lifetime to 10-15y by 2030
Lower cost • Research into cell materials can increase the capacity of batteries • Lower-cost casing options • Targeted standardisation of battery sizes • Manufacturing at scale
System Integration • Standardization of interfaces • Improvement of thermal management • Light weighting solutions • Improvement in electrical components
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
Lithium-based batteries: priorities
Safety Parameters • Development of high-efficiency monitoring functions • Cell diagnostic and supervision systems to support understanding of aging
Recycling • Li-ion batteries meet the average recycling rate of 50% mandated for this family in the EU Batteries
Directive • Value chain principles for design for recycling and remanufacturing • Development of a use for slags containing metal phosphates
Process Optimization: • Reduce the environmental footprint of the
manufacturing process • Alternative process to ink mixing • Functional integration of current electrode and cell
process steps • Electrical formation
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
Sodium-based batteries: priorities
Technological performance • Power density will be improved through improved
design and materials in the cell components, research on advanced ceramics and innovative cell geometry
• Life cycle to be improved by advanced thermal management and improvement of vehicle integration
• Energy density to be improved through optimisation of cathode composition
Lower cost • Improvements to the ceramic electrolyte production process • Introduction of improved materials for thermal insulation • Industrialization of a new ceramic production process • Component supply chain optimisation
System Integration • Codesign and standardisation • Mechanical integration of the battery to the vehicle • Development of communication standards among the components of the vehicle • Reduction of the energy necessary to maintain the temperature in the required operational range
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030
Sodium-based batteries: priorities
Safety Parameters Sodium nickel chloride technology is already considered to be intrinsically safe. Possible improvements focused on: • more efficient cooling systems • increased tolerance against abuse condition • continuous product upgrade according to incoming
automotive safety standards
Process Optimization: • Lean manufacturing of battery assembly process • Automatic quality control for ceramic assembly
Recycling Recycling is not considered an issue for sodium nickel chloride batteries. All common materials are unaffected by possible shortages and are easily recyclable.
BCI Convention
29 April 2014
Advanced lead-based batteries
• For start-stop vehicles and micro-hybrid vehicles
• Key priorities: improve performance and lower cost for the mass Micro-
Hybrid vehicle market
Lithium-ion batteries
• For electric vehicles and all types of hybrid vehicles
• Key priorities: increase energy density, power density and to lower cost,
with different performance priorities for each application
Sodium-nickel chloride batteries
• For commercial and professional vehicles, LCV to Heavy duty, in pure
electric and plug-in hybrid configuration
• Key priorities: production process, systems integration, cost reduction are
the primary development targets for this technology
Battery technologies and key priorities
E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030