Hyper-V & Windows Server Backup

IT:Network:Microsoft Server 2

Hyper-V

Server Virtualization

• What is server virtualization?• The ability to run a full operati ng system on

a soft ware platf orm in such a way that the OS thinks it’s running on a real computer. This is known as hardware or server virtualization.• VMWare ESXi• Microsoft Hyper-V

Server Virtualization

• Why use virtualization?• Server power tends to grow faster then the

resource need of applications• Servers may sit idle with litt le CPU usage

and gigabytes of RAM available.• Consolidate servers on the same hardware• Reduce power needs• Reduce square-footage/rack space

Server Virtualization

• How does this work?• Two OS’s cannot use the same soft ware at

the same time…technically.• One has to be in charge or resource

allocati ons. This OS is called the “host” OS.• The “guest” OS will need access to the

hardware through a form of emulation.• Some systems can emulate CPU’s other than

their own.

Server Virtualization

• How does this work?• Modern dedicated virtualizati on systems such as

Hyper-V and VMWare ESXi use system resources as effi ciently as possible.

• They use real memory and the CPU directly executes the code of the VM.

• Emulati on where existi ng hardware behavior needs to be simulated costs performance but someti mes cannot be avoided.

• Hyper-V tries to avoid the simulati on by using its own driver architecture for each type of device.

Server Virtualization

• What use is Server Virtualization?• Testi ng—this is where it started. Admins

and consultants could not aff ord to dedicate hardware for a test environment.• Quickly add/remove VM’s as needed• Network in a box

Hyper-V

Hardware requirements• Hyper-V requires specific hardware. To

install and use the Hyper-V role, you will need the following:– An x64-based processor.

Hyper-V

Hardware requirements• Hardware-assisted virtualization. This is

available in processors that include a virtualization option—specifi cally processors with Intel Virtualizati on Technology (Intel VT) or AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) technology.

• Hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP) must be available and enabled.

Hyper-V

• Host System

Setting Configuration

Memory 8GB;4GB minimum

Hard Disk 2x200 (1 disk is doable)

Network 2x1GB (1 is doable for test)

Hyper-V

• Key stroke functions

Hyper V- Key Windows Key Explanation

Ctrl+Alt+End Ctrl+Alt+Del Three finger solute for log in

Alt+Page Up Alt+Tab Switches to next program

Alt+Page Down Shift+Alt+Tab Switches to previous program

Ctrl+Alt+Left Arrow Releases keyboard and mouse focus from VM

Ctrl+Alt+Pause Toggles full-screen mode

Hyper-V

• Hyper-Visor– A core component of Hyper-V, Windows hypervisor

is a thin layer of soft ware between the hardware and the OS that allows multi ple operati ng systems to run, unmodifi ed, on a host computer at the same ti me.

– It provides simple parti ti oning functi onality and is responsible for maintaining strong isolati on between parti ti ons.

– It has an inherently secure architecture with minimal att ack surface, as it does not contain any third-party device drivers.

Windows Server Backup

• Business continuity• Data redundancy• Backup and Restoring Windows Server• Limitations• Full Server Backups/Restores• Recovering System State• Backing Up and Restoring Files and Folders• Backing Up and Restoring Active Directory

Business Continuity

• Business continuity—the acti vity performed by an organization to ensure that criti cal business functions will be available to customers, suppliers, regulators, and other entities as required 24 hours a day to those functi ons.

Business Continuity

• Methods used to maintain business continuity may include but is not limited to:oCreati ng a Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)oData backupsoServer clusteringoOff -site backupsoUsing Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)oImplementi ng alternati ve power sources.

Data Redundancy

Data redundancy—a property of some disk arrays (most commonly in RAID systems) which provides fault tolerance, so that all or part of the data stored in the array can be recovered in the case of disk failure.o RAID 1—Mirrored disk drives.o RAID 5—Data striping with parity

fault tolerance —the property that enables a system to conti nue operati ng properly in the event of the failure of some of its components.

Full Server Backups/Restores

• Full server backups are the easiest to perform and one of the best types for recovery

• Full server backup includes(QUIZ):– All local volumes– Criti cal volumes– System state

• You can recover individual fi les/folders• Can perform “bare-metal” recovery

Recovering System State

• What is system state?Component When this component is included

Registry Always

COM+ Class registration database Always

Boot files, including the system files Always

Certificate Services database If it is a Certificate Services server

Active Directory Domain Service If it is a domain

SYSVOL directory Only if it is a domain controller

Cluster service information If it is within a cluster

IIS Metadirectory If it is installed

System files that are under Windows File Protection

Always

Backing up and Restoring Active Directory

• AD is backed up as a part of the system state backup on a DC

• Backing up AD depends on the frequency of changes that occur in your AD

• An AD System state backups up (as mentioned earlier):– NTDS.DIT– AD certifi cate services DB– SYSVOL

Backing up and Restoring Active Directory

Limitations• Microsoft recommends using a dedicated

internal disk or external• Must have administrator credentials• Backup operators do not maintain these

privileges• Will only back up AD integrated DNS

zones, but not file-based DNS zones

Backing up and Restoring Active Directory

Recovering Active Directory Objects• AD has always had a method to recover

objects that have been deleted for a short time

• 2008 R2 now has the AD Recycle bin– Prior to the AD Recycle Bin, the object that

was deleted was “tombstoned” and then permanently deleted when expired

• AD Recycle Bin must be enabled

Backing up and Restoring Active Directory

Enabling AD Recycle Bin• Prerequisites– All DC’s must be 2008 R2• Adprep /forestprep—on the schema master DC• Adprep /domainprep—on the infrastructure

master DC

– Function level must be 2008 R2

Backing up and Restoring Active Directory

Enabling AD Recycle Bin• PowerShell– Enable-ADOopti onalFeature –Identity

“cn=recycle bin feature, cn=optional features, cn=directory service, cn=Windows NT, cn=configuration,DC=mydomain,DC=local” –Scope Forestorconfi gurationset –Target mydomain.local

Backing up and Restoring Active Directory

Backing up AD• Perform a system state backup on the DCRestoring AD• Must boot and hit the F8 key (safe mode)

and use the Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM)

• Boots into a “safe mode” of the OS and you can perform your restore through WSB

Third Party Solutions

• htt p://www.symantec.com/business/backup-exec-for-windows-servers

• htt p://www.shadowprotect.com/• htt p://www.carbonite.com

Questions?