Seventh Day Adventist Church Manual 2010

7/31/2019 Seventh Day Adventist Church Manual 2010

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Hjgg{ocjo ij~ ]djxk \dj Hfooj} F}}kom ////////////////////////////////////6>>

P~fsk~ Gkk}col //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>8



P~fsk~ Gkk}colx Xdj{am Nk Co}k~kx}col ////////////////////////////////////////////6>8

N{xcokxx Gkk}colx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>8

Hd{~hd Njf~m fom C}x Gkk}colx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>=

Mkicoc}cjo fom I{oh}cjo ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>=

Gkgnk~xdcp ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>;

Jiichk~x////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>;

Gkk}colx//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>9

\j~e ji }dk Njf~m ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>9

Hjggc}}kkx ji }dk Njf~m ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6><

Xhdjja Njf~m Gkk}colx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6><

Djgk fom Xhdjja Fxxjhcf}cjo Gkk}colx ////////////////////////////////////////6><

Sj{}d Gkk}colx//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6><

Fmyko}cx} Sj{}d Xjhck}s Gkk}colx //////////////////////////////////////////////////6>< Fmyko}cx} B{ocj~ Sj{}d Xjhck}s Gkk}colx//////////////////////////////////////////6>4

Fgnfxxfmj~ Ha{n Gkk}colx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>4

Pf}dicomk~ Ha{n Gkk}colx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>4

Fmyko}{~k~ Ha{n Gkk}colx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>4

HDFP]K^ 66

Icofohk ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6>3

X}k|f~mxdcp ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////680]c}dk //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////680

Xsx}kgf}ch Nkokyjakohk fom [oc}s //////////////////////////////////////////////////686

Dj| ]c}dk Cx }j Nk [xkm //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////686

Dj| ]c}dk Cx Dfomakm //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////686

Hd{~hd fom Hjoik~kohk Jiichk~x }j Xk} Ktfgpak //////////////////////////////686

Jiik~colx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68>

Xfnnf}d Xhdjja Jiik~colx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68>

J}dk~ Jiik~colx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68>Xpkhcfa Lci}x }j Ickamx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68>

Fxxcx}col }dk Pjj~ fom Okkms ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68>

Hd{~hd N{mlk} ij~ Ajhfa Ktpkoxkx //////////////////////////////////////////////////688

Lkok~fa Icofohcfa Hj{oxka //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////688

^kl{af}cjo ji Xjachc}col I{omx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////688

V{kx}cjofnak Gk}djmx ij~ ^fcxcol I{omx ////////////////////////////////////////68=

]c}dkx fom Jiik~colx Oj} f Pk~xjofa ]~{x} I{om //////////////////////////////68=

Icofohcol N{camcol Pafox //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68=

Dfomacol fom Fhhj{o}col ij~ I{omx ////////////////////////////////////////////////68;

F{mc}col //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68;

HDFP]K^ 6>

X}fomf~mx ji Hd~cx}cfo Acycol //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////689



Dcld Hfaacol ji Ljm co Hd~cx} Bkx{x //////////////////////////////////////////////689

Ncnak X}{ms fom P~fsk~ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68<

Hjgg{oc}s ^kaf}cjoxdcpx//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////68<

Xfnnf}dekkpcol //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////684

^kyk~kohk co }dk Pafhk ji \j~xdcp ////////////////////////////////////////////////683

Dkfa}d fom ]kgpk~fohk ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////683

M~kxx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=0

Xcgpachc}s //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=6

Gjmk~o Gkmcf //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=>

^kh~kf}cjo fom Ko}k~}fcogko}////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=8

G{xch ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=8

Hjoha{xcjo ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6==

HDFP]K^ 68

Gf~~cflk! Mcyj~hk! fom ^kgf~~cflk //////////////////////////////////////////////6=;

Xjhcfa ^kaf}cjoxdcpx////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=;

Hdfpk~joflk //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=9

Hj{~}xdcp //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=<

Gf~~cflk ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6=4

Mcycok Cmkfa }j Nk ^kx}j~km co Hd~cx} ////////////////////////////////////////////6;0

Jokokxx fom Kv{fac}s }j Nk ^kx}j~km co Hd~cx} ////////////////////////////////6;0L~fhk Fyfcafnak ij~ Faa //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6;0

^jak ji }dk Hd{~hd //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6;0

Mcyj~hk //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6;0

Hd{~hd–x Pjxc}cjo jo Mcyj~hk fom ^kgf~~cflk //////////////////////////////6;6

Ajhfa Hd{~hd Gcocx}~s ij~ Ifgcackx ////////////////////////////////////////////////6;=

HDFP]K^ 6=

I{omfgko}fa Nkackix ji Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx}x////////////////////////////6;9

Oj}kx////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////69<

HDFP]K^ 4 Oj}kx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////69<

Gf~~cflk Hk~kgjos //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////69<

]~fcocol fom Kv{cppcol ji Kamk~x //////////////////////////////////////////////////69<

Hf~k fom Gfco}kofohk ji Hd{~hd P~jpk~}s //////////////////////////////////////69<

Hak~e Ekkpx ^khj~mx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////694

Hj~~kxpjomcol \c}d Gkgnk~x ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////694

Gjoks ij~ Pk~xjofa Ac}k~f}{~k J~mk~x //////////////////////////////////////////////694

Xfikl{f~mcol Hdcam~ko //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////694

]|j'Fm{a} Pjachs ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////694

Jpko Mjj~ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////693

Yja{o}kk~ Xh~kkocol //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////693



Xct'Gjo}d Pjachs ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////693

]~fcocol ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////693

Hdcam~ko–x Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////693

Ifgcas Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////693

Dkfa}d Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////693

P{nach Fiifc~x fom ^kaclcj{x Acnk~}s ^kxj{~hkx //////////////////////////////////6<0

P{nacxdcol Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<0

Xfnnf}d Xhdjja fom Pk~xjofa Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx ////////////////////////////6<0

X}k|f~mxdcp Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<0

\jgko–x Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<0

Fmyko}cx} Sj{}d Xjhck}s J~lfocrf}cjofa Pafo //////////////////////////////////6<6

Sj{}d Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<6

HDFP]K^ 3 Oj}kx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<6Xfgpak Acx} ji Hd{~hd Akfmk~x //////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<6

HDFP]K^ 60 Oj}kx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<>

Xfnnf}d Xhdjja ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<>

Ij~gx ji Xk~ychk ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<>

Ij~g ji Xk~ychk ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<8

]cgkx ji Gkk}colx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<=

Ijj}'\fxdcol //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<;

N~kfm fom \cok //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<;N{xcokxx Gkk}colx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<9

J}dk~ Hjggc}}kkx ji }dk Njf~m //////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<<

Fmyko}cx} Sj{}d Xjhck}s ^kxj{~hkx //////////////////////////////////////////////////6<<

Fmyko}cx} B{ocj~ Sj{}d Xjhck}s //////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<<

HDFP]K^ 66 Oj}kx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<<

X}k|f~mxdcp Gcocx}~ckx ^kxj{~hkx ////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<<

Xfgpak Foo{fa N{mlk} ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<<

Fnn~kycf}cjox//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6<3

Lkok~fa Comkt ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////646

Comkt ji Xh~cp}{~k ]kt}x //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>03

Comkt ji Kt}~fh}x I~jg }dk Xpc~c} ji P~jpdkhs \~c}colx

fom J}dk~ Xj{~hkx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>6;



6<

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fom d{gfoc}s! c} okkmx j~mk~! ~{ak! fom mcxhcpacok/ Xh~cp}{~k fiic~gx }df} ‑faa

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c}s/

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64 HD[^HD GFO[FA



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Gfecol Hdfolkx

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col! p~jxpk~col hd{~hd {oakxx c}x gkgnk~x f~k j~lfocrkm co}j f {oc}km xpc~c'

}{fa njms! faa pk~ij~gcol }dkc~ Ljm'lcyko m{}ckx fom i{oh}cjox {omk~ }dk

mc~kh}cjo ji f mcycokas hjox}c}{}km f{}dj~c}s/ \c}dj{} j~lfocrf}cjo oj cox}c'

}{}cjo j~ gjykgko} hfo p~jxpk~/ F of}cjo |c}dj{} j~lfocrkm ljyk~ogko}

|j{am nk hdfjx/ F n{xcokxx ko}k~p~cxk |c}dj{} j~lfocrf}cjo |j{am ifca/ F

hd{~hd |c}dj{} j~lfocrf}cjo |j{am mcxco}kl~f}k fom pk~cxd/Ij~ }dk xfek ji }dk Hd{~hd–x dkfa}ds mkykajpgko} fom ij~ }dk fhhjg'

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lfyk c} f xcgpak n{} kiikh}cyk xsx}kg ji j~lfocrf}cjo/ X{hhkxx co c}x komkfyj~x

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C dfyk nkko cox}~{h}km ns }dk Aj~m }df} co }dcx |j~e }dk~k cx oj x{hd }dcol

fx kyk~s gfo–x nkcol comkpkomko}/‗”]G =43/

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j~lfocrf}cjo fom j~mk~ }df} dfx nkko n{ca} {p ns |cxk! hf~ki{a afnj~/ Achkoxk

g{x} oj} nk lcyko }j mcxj~mk~as kakgko}x }df} mkxc~k }j hjo}~ja }dk |j~e f}}dcx }cgk/‗”]G =43/

P{~pjxkx ji J~lfocrf}cjo

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j~lfocrf}cjo }dk~k |j{am nk l~kf} hjoi{xcjo! fom }dk |j~e |j{am oj} nk

J^LFOCRF]CJO FOM F[]DJ^C]S ><



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hd{~hd cx }dk hjoycohcol kycmkohk }df} Ljm dfx xko} Bkx{x co}j }dk |j~am fxc}x ^kmkkgk~/‗”;] 963! 9>0/

]dk Ok| ]kx}fgko} Gjmka

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mfcokm ‑co kyk~s hd{~hd‗ $Fh}x 6=2>8#/ Kt}koxcjo ji }dk |j~e }d~j{ldj{}

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ij~g ji j~lfocrf}cjo }df} xfikl{f~mkm }dk co}k~kx}x ji }dk |j~e/

Hd{~hd J~lfocrf}cjo ]jmfs

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xpjoxcncac}s mkaklf}km }j ~kp~kxko}f}cyk njmckx fom jiichk~x ij~ }dk ljyk~ocol

ji }dk Hd{~hd f} kfhd xkpf~f}k akyka/ ]dcx ij~g ji ljyk~ofohk ~khjlocrkx faxj

>4 HD[^HD GFO[FA



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fom mkaklf}kx hdjxko ns }dk {ocjo hjoik~kohkx hdjjxk }dk jiichk~x ji }dk

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~kxpjoxcncac}ckx co }dk Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk/‗”4] >89! >8</

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}dk comcycm{fa nkackyk~ }j }dk |j~am|cmk j~lfocrf}cjo ji }dk |j~e/

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okxx xkxxcjox eoj|o fx hjox}c}{kohs gkk}colx j~ xkxxcjox/ $]dk hjox}c}{kohs

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Hd{~hd ifgcas nksjom c}x nj{omf~ckx/

J{}acok ji Mkojgcof}cjofa J~lfocrf}cjo

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f hd{~hd/

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Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx} ajhfa hjoik~kohk*gcxxcjo*ickam fom x{nxkv{ko}as fh'

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gcxxcjox/ $Xkk p/ >0/#

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xkxxcjo! jiichcfa x}f}{x fx f {ocjo hjoik~kohk*gcxxcjo/

;/ Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk fom C}x Mcycxcjox”]dk Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk

J^LFOCRF]CJO FOM F[]DJ^C]S >3



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xpkhcich lkjl~fpdchfa f~kfx/

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}dk Hd{~hd/ ]dk Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk co xkxxcjo faxj f{}dj~crkx kx}fnacxdgko}

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acokm co c}x Hjox}c}{}cjo fom Nsaf|x! fom hjoxcmk~x c}kgx ~kik~~km }j c} ns c}x

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}dk Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk co xkxxcjo fx }dk yjchk ji }dk Hd{~hd/

^jak ji Cox}c}{}cjox

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nkhf{xk ji c}x Hd{~hd fiicacf}cjo/

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80 HD[^HD GFO[FA



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ofohk/

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Ljm! fgjol Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx}x/

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faa v{kx}cjox/ ]dk hjggc}}kk–x mkhcxcjo gfs nk ~kyck|km f} f Lkok~fa

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ncac}ckx ji fos j}dk~ j~lfocrf}cjo/

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}dk gcom ji jok gfo j~ }dk gcomx ji f ik| gko nk ~klf~mkm fx x{iichcko} co

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fxxkgnakm i~jg faa pf~}x ji }dk ickam cx ktk~hcxkm! p~cyf}k comkpkomkohk fom

p~cyf}k b{mlgko} g{x} oj} nk x}{nnj~oas gfco}fcokm! n{} x{~~komk~km/

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pjxc}cjo ji comkpkomkohk! hjo}~f~s }j }dk mkhcxcjo ji }dk lkok~fa njms/‗”

3] >90/

J^LFOCRF]CJO FOM F[]DJ^C]S 86



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Pfx}j~x fom J}dk~ Hd{~hd Kgpajskkx

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Co hfxkx |dk~k mcxhcpacok cx oj} coyjaykm! fo fa}k~of}cyk }j mcxxjaycol j~ ktpkaacol f hd{~hd cx }j ~k}{~o c} }j hjgpfos x}f}{x/ X{hd f mkhcxcjo |caa nk

gfmk ns f gfbj~c}s yj}k ji }dk hjoik~kohk hjggc}}kk! ijaaj|col hjox{a}f'

}cjo |c}d }dk mcx}~ch} pfx}j~ fom gkgnk~x! fom hjoykskm }j }dk hd{~hd ns

}dk pfx}j~ j~ hjoik~kohk ~kp~kxko}f}cyk/

F} f n{xcokxx gkk}col $xkk p/ =6#! ak}}k~x ji }~foxik~ gfs nk yj}km }j faa

~kgfcocol gkgnk~x co ~kl{af~ x}fomcol }j }dk hjoik~kohk hd{~hd j~ }j j}dk~

hd{~hdkx co }dk hfxkx ji fos gkgnk~x |dj |cxd }j }~foxik~/ F} }dk xfgk

gkk}col! }dk pfx}j~! co hj{oxka |c}d }dk ajhfa gkgnk~x! xdfaa fppjco} i~jg}dk gkgnk~x ji }dk ok| hjgpfos f akfmk~xdcp }kfg! coha{mcol f akfmk~! f

hak~e! fom f }~kfx{~k~/ Ij~ mk}fcax ji j}dk~ j~lfocrf}cjofa gf}}k~x ~kaf}col }j

f hjgpfos! xkk ‑J~lfocrcol f Hjgpfos‗ jo p/ 84/

J^LFOCRCOL! [OC]COL! FOM MCXXJAYCOL HD[^HDKX =8



HDFP]K^ 9

Gkgnk~xdcp

]dk xjakgo jnaclf}cjox ji gkgnk~xdcp co }dk njms ji Hd~cx} xdj{am nk

cgp~kxxkm jo kyk~sjok mkxc~col Hd{~hd gkgnk~xdcp/ Joas }djxk lcycol ky'

cmkohk ji dfycol ktpk~ckohkm }dk ok| nc~}d fom kobjscol f xpc~c}{fa ktpk~c'

kohk co }dk Aj~m Bkx{x f~k p~kpf~km ij~ fhhkp}fohk co}j gkgnk~xdcp/ Pfx}j~x

g{x} cox}~{h} hfomcmf}kx co }dk i{omfgko}fa }kfhdcolx fom ~kaf}km p~fh}chkx ji }dk Hd{~hd xj }dks |caa ko}k~ }dk Hd{~hd jo f xj{om xpc~c}{fa nfxcx/ \dcak

}dk~k cx oj x}f}km flk ij~ nfp}cxg! c} cx ~khjggkomkm }df} yk~s sj{ol hdca'

m~ko |dj ktp~kxx f mkxc~k }j nk nfp}crkm xdj{am nk kohj{~flkm fom ko}k~km

co}j fo cox}~{h}cjo p~jl~fg }df} gfs akfm }j nfp}cxg/

]dk fpjx}ak Pf{a |~c}kx2 ‑J~ mj sj{ oj} eoj| }df} fx gfos ji {x fx

|k~k nfp}crkm co}j Hd~cx} Bkx{x |k~k nfp}crkm co}j Dcx mkf}d: ]dk~kij~k |k

|k~k n{~ckm |c}d Dcg }d~j{ld nfp}cxg co}j mkf}d! }df} b{x} fx Hd~cx} |fx

~fcxkm i~jg }dk mkfm ns }dk laj~s ji }dk If}dk~! kyko xj |k faxj xdj{am |faeco ok|okxx ji acik‗ $^jg/ 928! =#/

A{ek faxj ~kpj~}x2 ‑]dko Pk}k~ xfcm }j }dkg! —^kpko}! fom ak} kyk~s jok

ji sj{ nk nfp}crkm co }dk ofgk ji Bkx{x Hd~cx}/– / / / ]dko }djxk |dj lafmas

~khkcykm dcx |j~m |k~k nfp}crkm5 fom }df} mfs fnj{} }d~kk }dj{xfom xj{ax

|k~k fmmkm }j }dkg‗ $Fh}x >284'=6#/

‑]dk gkgnk~x ji }dk hd{~hd! }djxk |djg Dk dfx hfaakm j{} ji mf~eokxx

co}j Dcx gf~ykaj{x acld}! f~k }j xdj| ij~}d Dcx laj~s/ ]dk hd{~hd cx }dk

~kpjxc}j~s ji }dk ~chdkx ji }dk l~fhk ji Hd~cx}5 fom }d~j{ld }dk hd{~hd |caa

kyko}{faas nk gfmk gfocikx}! kyko }j —}dk p~cohcpfac}ckx fom pj|k~x co dkfy'

koas pafhkx!– }dk icofa fom i{aa mcxpafs ji }dk ajyk ji Ljm/‗”FF 3/

Nfp}cxg

F P~k~kv{cxc}k }j Gkgnk~xdcp ”‑Hd~cx} dfx gfmk nfp}cxg }dk xclo ji

ko}~fohk }j Dcx xpc~c}{fa ecolmjg/ Dk dfx gfmk }dcx f pjxc}cyk hjomc}cjo|c}d |dchd faa g{x} hjgpas |dj |cxd }j nk fheoj|akmlkm fx {omk~ }dk f{'

}dj~c}s ji }dk If}dk~! }dk Xjo! fom }dk Djas Xpc~c}/ / / /

‑Nfp}cxg cx f gjx} xjakgo ~ko{ohcf}cjo ji }dk |j~am/ ]djxk |dj f~k

nfp}crkm co }dk }d~kkijam ofgk ji }dk If}dk~! }dk Xjo! fom }dk Djas Xpc~c}!

f} }dk yk~s ko}~fohk ji }dkc~ Hd~cx}cfo acik mkhaf~k p{nachas }df} }dks dfyk ij~'

==



xfeko }dk xk~ychk ji Xf}fo fom dfyk nkhjgk gkgnk~x ji }dk ~jsfa ifgcas!

hdcam~ko ji }dk dkfykoas Ecol/ ]dks dfyk jnkskm }dk hjggfom2 —Hjgk j{}

i~jg fgjol }dkg! fom nk sk xkpf~f}k! / / / fom }j{hd oj} }dk {ohakfo }dcol/–Fom }j }dkg cx i{aicaakm }dk p~jgcxk2 —C |caa ~khkcyk sj{! fom |caa nk f If}dk~

{o}j sj{! fom sk xdfaa nk Gs xjox fom mf{ld}k~x! xfc}d }dk Aj~m Fagcld}s/–

> Hj~co}dcfox 926<! 64/‗”9] 36/

Nfp}cxg cx }dk fyko{k ji com{h}cjo co}j }dk Hd{~hd/ C} cx i{omfgko}faas

}dk pakmlk ji ko}~fohk co}j Hd~cx}–x xfycol hjykofo} fom xdj{am nk }~kf}km fx

f xjakgo fom sk} bjsi{a |kahjgk co}j }dk ifgcas ji Ljm/

Gkgnk~xdcp co }dk Hd{~hd cx pjxxcnak joas co }djxk hd{~hdkx coha{mkm

co }dk xcx}k~djjm ji hd{~hdkx ~khjlocrkm ns f hjoik~kohk/

Gjmk ji Nfp}cxg ”]dk Hd{~hd nkackykx co nfp}cxg ns cggk~xcjo fom

fhhkp}x co}j gkgnk~xdcp joas }djxk |dj dfyk nkko nfp}crkm co }dcx gfook~/

$Xkk Hdfp}k~ 6=! ‑I{omfgko}fa Nkackix ji Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx}x/‗# ]djxk

|dj fheoj|akmlk }dkc~ ajx} x}f}k fx xcook~x! xcohk~kas ~kpko} ji }dkc~ xcox! fom

ktpk~ckohk hjoyk~xcjo gfs! fi}k~ p~jpk~ cox}~{h}cjo! nk fhhkp}km fx hfomc'

mf}kx ij~ nfp}cxg fom Hd{~hd gkgnk~xdcp/

]dj~j{ld Cox}~{h}cjo fom P{nach Ktfgcof}cjo Nkij~k Nfp}cxg ”

Hfomcmf}kx comcycm{faas j~ co f nfp}cxgfa hafxx xdj{am nk cox}~{h}km i~jg }dk

Xh~cp}{~kx ~klf~mcol }dk Hd{~hd–x i{omfgko}fa nkackix fom p~fh}chkx fom }dk

~kxpjoxcncac}ckx ji gkgnk~xdcp/ F pfx}j~ xdj{am xf}cxis }dk hd{~hd ns f p{nach

ktfgcof}cjo }df} hfomcmf}kx f~k |kaa cox}~{h}km! f~k hjggc}}km }j }fecol }dcx

cgpj~}fo} x}kp! fom ns p~fh}chk fom hjom{h} mkgjox}~f}k f |caacol fhhkp'

}fohk ji Hd{~hd mjh}~cokx fom }dk p~cohcpakx ji hjom{h} |dchd f~k }dk j{}'

|f~m ktp~kxxcjo ji }djxk mjh}~cokx! ij~ ‑ns }dkc~ i~{c}x sj{ |caa eoj| }dkg‗

$Gf}}/ <2>0#/

Ci p{nach ktfgcof}cjo cx cgp~fh}chfa! }dko hfomcmf}kx xdj{am nk ktfg'

cokm ns }dk njf~m j~ f hjggc}}kk fppjco}km ns }dk njf~m! x{hd fx }dk njf~m

ji kamk~x! |djxk ~kpj~} }dko xdj{am nk lcyko }j }dk hd{~hd nkij~k }dk nfp'

}cxg/

‑]dk }kx} ji mcxhcpakxdcp cx oj} n~j{ld} }j nkf~ fx hajxkas fx c} xdj{am nk

{pjo }djxk |dj p~kxko} }dkgxkaykx ij~ nfp}cxg/ C} xdj{am nk {omk~x}jjm|dk}dk~ }dks f~k xcgpas }fecol }dk ofgk ji Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx}x! j~

|dk}dk~ }dks f~k }fecol }dkc~ x}fom jo }dk Aj~m–x xcmk! }j hjgk j{} i~jg }dk

|j~am fom nk xkpf~f}k! fom }j{hd oj} }dk {ohakfo }dcol/ Nkij~k nfp}cxg

}dk~k xdj{am nk f }dj~j{ld cov{c~s fx }j }dk ktpk~ckohk ji }dk hfomcmf}kx/

Ak} }dcx cov{c~s nk gfmk! oj} co f hjam fom mcx}fo} |fs! n{} ecomas! }komk~as!

pjco}col }dk ok| hjoyk~}x }j }dk Afgn ji Ljm }df} }fek}d f|fs }dk xco ji

GKGNK^XDCP =;



}dk |j~am/ N~col }dk ~kv{c~kgko}x ji }dk ljxpka }j nkf~ {pjo }dk hfomcmf}kx

ij~ nfp}cxg/‗”9] 3;! 39/

Nfp}cxgfa Yj| fom Hjggc}gko}

Nfp}cxgfa Yj| ”Nfp}cxgfa hfomcmf}kx fom }djxk nkcol ~khkcykm co}j

ikaaj|xdcp ns p~jikxxcjo ji ifc}d xdfaa fiic~g }dkc~ fhhkp}fohk ji }dk i{omf'

gko}fa nkackix co }dk p~kxkohk ji }dk ajhfa hjol~klf}cjo j~ j}dk~ p~jpk~as fp'

pjco}km njms/ $Xkk p/ =;/#

]dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~ xdj{am fmm~kxx }dk ijaaj|col v{kx}cjox }j }dk hfo'

mcmf}k$x#! |djxk ~kpas gfs nk ns yk~nfa fxxko}! ~fcxcol }dk dfom! j~ j}dk~ h{a'}{~faas fpp~jp~cf}k gk}djm/

Yj|

6/ Mj sj{ nkackyk }dk~k cx jok Ljm2 If}dk~! Xjo! fom Djas Xpc~c}! f

{oc}s ji }d~kk hjk}k~ofa Pk~xjox:

>/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} }dk mkf}d ji Bkx{x Hd~cx} jo Hfayf~s fx }dk f}jocol xfh'

~cichk ij~ sj{~ xcox fom nkackyk }df} ns Ljm–x l~fhk }d~j{ld ifc}d co Dcx xdkmnajjm sj{ f~k xfykm i~jg xco fom c}x pkofa}s:

8/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} Bkx{x Hd~cx} fx sj{~ Aj~m fom pk~xjofa Xfycj~! nkacky'

col }df} Ljm! co Hd~cx}! dfx ij~lcyko sj{~ xcox fom lcyko sj{ f ok| dkf~}!

fom mj sj{ ~koj{ohk }dk xcoi{a |fsx ji }dk |j~am:

=/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} ns ifc}d }dk ~cld}kj{xokxx ji Hd~cx}! sj{~ Co}k~hkxxj~

co }dk dkfykoas xfoh}{f~s! fom fhhkp} Dcx p~jgcxk ji }~foxij~gcol l~fhk fom

pj|k~ }j acyk f ajycol! Hd~cx}'hko}k~km acik co sj{~ djgk fom nkij~k }dk

|j~am:

;/ Mj sj{ nkackyk }df} }dk Ncnak cx Ljm–x coxpc~km \j~m! }dk joas ~{ak

ji ifc}d fom p~fh}chk ij~ }dk Hd~cx}cfo: Mj sj{ hjykofo} }j xpkom }cgk ~kl'

{af~as co p~fsk~ fom Ncnak x}{ms:

9/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} }dk ]ko Hjggfomgko}x fx f }~foxh~cp} ji }dk hdf~'

fh}k~ ji Ljm fom f ~kykaf}cjo ji Dcx |caa: Cx c} sj{~ p{~pjxk ns }dk pj|k~ ji

}dk com|kaacol Hd~cx} }j ekkp }dcx af|! coha{mcol }dk ij{~}d hjggfomgko}!

|dchd ~kv{c~kx }dk jnxk~yfohk ji }dk xkyko}d mfs ji }dk |kke fx }dk Xfnnf}dji }dk Aj~m fom }dk gkgj~cfa ji H~kf}cjo:

</ Mj sj{ ajje ij~|f~m }j }dk xjjo hjgcol ji Bkx{x fom }dk nakxxkm

djpk! |dko ‑}dcx gj~}fa xdfaa / / / p{} jo cggj~}fac}s‗ U6 Hj~/ 6;2;=! EBYW:

Fx sj{ p~kpf~k }j gkk} }dk Aj~m! |caa sj{ |c}okxx }j Dcx ajycol xfayf}cjo ns

{xcol sj{~ }fako}x co pk~xjofa xj{a'|coocol komkfyj~ }j dkap j}dk~x }j nk

~kfms ij~ Dcx laj~cj{x fppkf~col:

=9 HD[^HD GFO[FA



4/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} }dk ncnachfa }kfhdcol ji xpc~c}{fa lci}x fom nkackyk }df}

}dk lci} ji p~jpdkhs cx jok ji }dk cmko}ciscol gf~ex ji }dk ~kgofo} hd{~hd:

3/ Mj sj{ nkackyk co Hd{~hd j~lfocrf}cjo: Cx c} sj{~ p{~pjxk }j |j~'xdcp Ljm fom }j x{ppj~} }dk Hd{~hd }d~j{ld sj{~ }c}dkx fom jiik~colx fom

ns sj{~ pk~xjofa kiij~} fom coia{kohk:

60/ Mj sj{ nkackyk }df} sj{~ njms cx }dk }kgpak ji }dk Djas Xpc~c}5 fom

|caa sj{ djoj~ Ljm ns hf~col ij~ c}! fyjcmcol }dk {xk ji }df} |dchd cx df~g'

i{a! fom fnx}fcocol i~jg faa {ohakfo ijjmx5 i~jg }dk {xk! gfo{ifh}{~k! j~ xfak

ji fahjdjach nkyk~flkx5 i~jg }dk {xk! gfo{ifh}{~k! j~ xfak ji }jnfhhj co fos

ji c}x ij~gx ij~ d{gfo hjox{gp}cjo5 fom i~jg }dk gcx{xk ji j~ }~fiichecol

co of~hj}chx j~ j}dk~ m~{lx:66/ Mj sj{ eoj| fom {omk~x}fom }dk i{omfgko}fa Ncnak p~cohcpakx fx

}f{ld} ns }dk Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx} Hd{~hd: Mj sj{ p{~pjxk! ns }dk l~fhk

ji Ljm! }j i{aicaa Dcx |caa ns j~mk~col sj{~ acik co df~gjos |c}d }dkxk p~co'

hcpakx:

6>/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} }dk Ok| ]kx}fgko} }kfhdcol ji nfp}cxg ns cggk~'

xcjo fom mkxc~k }j nk xj nfp}crkm fx f p{nach ktp~kxxcjo ji ifc}d co Hd~cx} fom

Dcx ij~lcykokxx ji sj{~ xcox:

68/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} fom nkackyk }df} }dk Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx} Hd{~hdcx }dk ~kgofo} hd{~hd ji Ncnak p~jpdkhs fom }df} pkjpak ji kyk~s of}cjo!

~fhk! fom afol{flk f~k coyc}km fom fhhkp}km co}j c}x ikaaj|xdcp: Mj sj{ mk'

xc~k }j nk f gkgnk~ ji }dcx ajhfa hjol~klf}cjo ji }dk |j~am Hd{~hd:

Fa}k~of}cyk Yj|

6/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} Bkx{x Hd~cx} fx sj{~ pk~xjofa Xfycj~ fom Aj~m! fom mj

sj{ mkxc~k }j acyk sj{~ acik co f xfycol ~kaf}cjoxdcp |c}d Dcg:

>/ Mj sj{ fhhkp} }dk }kfhdcolx ji }dk Ncnak fx ktp~kxxkm co }dk X}f}kgko}

ji I{omfgko}fa Nkackix ji }dk Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx} Hd{~hd! fom mj sj{

pakmlk ns Ljm–x l~fhk }j acyk sj{~ acik co df~gjos |c}d }dkxk }kfhdcolx:

8/ Mj sj{ mkxc~k }j nk nfp}crkm fx f p{nach ktp~kxxcjo ji sj{~ nkacki co

Bkx{x Hd~cx}! }j nk fhhkp}km co}j }dk ikaaj|xdcp ji }dk Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx}

Hd{~hd! fom }j x{ppj~} }dk Hd{~hd fom c}x gcxxcjo fx f ifc}di{a x}k|f~m ns

sj{~ pk~xjofa coia{kohk! }c}dkx fom jiik~colx! fom f acik ji xk~ychk:

Nfp}cxgfa Hjykofo} ”]dk Hd{~hd dfx fmjp}km c}x >4 i{omfgko}fa nk'

ackix! }jlk}dk~ |c}d }dk nfp}cxgfa yj| fom Hk~}cichf}k ji Nfp}cxg fom

Hjggc}gko}! fx f nfp}cxgfa hjykofo}/

F p~co}km hjps ji }dcx hjykofo}! |c}d }dk Hk~}cichf}k ji Nfp}cxg fom

Hjggc}gko} p~jpk~as hjgpak}km! xdj{am nk lcyko }j faa fhhkp}km co}j

GKGNK^XDCP =<



gkgnk~xdcp ns nfp}cxg/ Fo fpp~jp~cf}k hk~}cichf}k faxj xdj{am nk lcyko

}djxk fhhkp}km jo p~jikxxcjo ji ifc}d/

]dk Hk~}cichf}k ji Nfp}cxg fom Hjggc}gko} hjo}fcox f xpfhk ij~ }dkok| gkgnk~ }j xclo fx fo fiic~gf}cjo ji hjggc}gko}/ Ijaaj|col }dk nfp'

}cxg! }dk Hk~}cichf}k ji Nfp}cxg fom Hjggc}gko} xdj{am nk p~kxko}km }j }dk

hfomcmf}k fx f hjykofo} mjh{gko}/ ]dk hjggc}gko} ~kfmx fx ijaaj|x2

Hjggc}gko}

6/ C nkackyk }dk~k cx jok Ljm2 If}dk~! Xjo! fom Djas Xpc~c}! f {oc}s ji

}d~kk hjk}k~ofa Pk~xjox/>/ C fhhkp} }dk mkf}d ji Bkx{x Hd~cx} jo Hfayf~s fx }dk f}jocol xfh~cichk

ij~ gs xcox fom nkackyk }df} ns Ljm–x l~fhk }d~j{ld ifc}d co Dcx xdkm najjm

C fg xfykm i~jg xco fom c}x pkofa}s/

8/ C fhhkp} Bkx{x Hd~cx} fx gs Aj~m fom pk~xjofa Xfycj~ fom nkackyk }df}

Ljm! co Hd~cx}! dfx ij~lcyko gs xcox fom lcyko gk f ok| dkf~}! fom C ~k'

oj{ohk }dk xcoi{a |fsx ji }dk |j~am/

=/ C fhhkp} ns ifc}d }dk ~cld}kj{xokxx ji Hd~cx}! gs Co}k~hkxxj~ co }dk

dkfykoas xfoh}{f~s! fom fhhkp} Dcx p~jgcxk ji }~foxij~gcol l~fhk fom pj|k~ }j acyk f ajycol! Hd~cx}'hko}k~km acik co gs djgk fom nkij~k }dk |j~am/

;/ C nkackyk }df} }dk Ncnak cx Ljm–x coxpc~km \j~m! }dk joas ~{ak ji ifc}d

fom p~fh}chk ij~ }dk Hd~cx}cfo/ C hjykofo} }j xpkom }cgk ~kl{af~as co p~fsk~

fom Ncnak x}{ms/

9/ C fhhkp} }dk ]ko Hjggfomgko}x fx f }~foxh~cp} ji }dk hdf~fh}k~ ji

Ljm fom f ~kykaf}cjo ji Dcx |caa/ C} cx gs p{~pjxk ns }dk pj|k~ ji }dk co'

m|kaacol Hd~cx} }j ekkp }dcx af|! coha{mcol }dk ij{~}d hjggfomgko}! |dchd

~kv{c~kx }dk jnxk~yfohk ji }dk xkyko}d mfs ji }dk |kke fx }dk Xfnnf}d ji }dk

Aj~m fom }dk gkgj~cfa ji H~kf}cjo/

</ C ajje ij~|f~m }j }dk xjjo hjgcol ji Bkx{x fom }dk nakxxkm djpk!

|dko ‑}dcx gj~}fa xdfaa / / / p{} jo cggj~}fac}s‗ U6 Hj~/ 6;2;=! EBYW/ Fx C

p~kpf~k }j gkk} }dk Aj~m! C |caa |c}okxx }j Dcx ajycol xfayf}cjo ns {xcol gs

}fako}x co pk~xjofa xj{a'|coocol komkfyj~ }j dkap j}dk~x }j nk ~kfms ij~ Dcx

laj~cj{x fppkf~col/

4/ C fhhkp} }dk ncnachfa }kfhdcol ji xpc~c}{fa lci}x fom nkackyk }df} }dk lci}ji p~jpdkhs cx jok ji }dk cmko}ciscol gf~ex ji }dk ~kgofo} hd{~hd/

3/ C nkackyk co Hd{~hd j~lfocrf}cjo/ C} cx gs p{~pjxk }j |j~xdcp Ljm

fom }j x{ppj~} }dk Hd{~hd }d~j{ld gs }c}dkx fom jiik~colx fom ns gs pk~'

xjofa kiij~} fom coia{kohk/

60/ C nkackyk }df} gs njms cx }dk }kgpak ji }dk Djas Xpc~c}5 fom C |caa

djoj~ Ljm ns hf~col ij~ c}! fyjcmcol }dk {xk ji }df} |dchd cx df~gi{a! fom

=4 HD[^HD GFO[FA



fnx}fcocol i~jg faa {ohakfo ijjmx5 i~jg }dk {xk! gfo{ifh}{~k! j~ xfak ji fahj'

djach nkyk~flkx5 i~jg }dk {xk! gfo{ifh}{~k! j~ xfak ji }jnfhhj co fos ji c}x

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66/ C eoj| fom {omk~x}fom }dk i{omfgko}fa Ncnak p~cohcpakx fx }f{ld}

ns }dk Xkyko}d'mfs Fmyko}cx} Hd{~hd/ C p{~pjxk! ns }dk l~fhk ji Ljm! }j

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mkxc~k }j nk xj nfp}crkm fx f p{nach ktp~kxxcjo ji ifc}d co Hd~cx} fom Dcx ij~'

lcykokxx ji gs xcox/

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afol{flk f~k coyc}km fom fhhkp}km co}j c}x ikaaj|xdcp/ C mkxc~k }j nk f gkgnk~

ji }dcx ajhfa hjol~klf}cjo ji }dk |j~am Hd{~hd/

Yj}col Fhhkp}fohk X{nbkh} }j Nfp}cxg ”Fi}k~ }dk hfomcmf}kx dfyk! co }dk

p~kxkohk ji }dk hd{~hd gkgnk~xdcp j~ j}dk~ p~jpk~as fppjco}km njms! fo'

x|k~km }dk v{kx}cjox ji }dk yj| co }dk fiic~gf}cyk! j~ fxx{~fohk dfx nkko

lcyko }j }dk hd{~hd }df} }dks dfyk fa~kfms mjok xj! }dk hd{~hd xdj{am yj}kjo }dkc~ fhhkp}fohk co}j gkgnk~xdcp x{nbkh} }j nfp}cxg! |dchd xdj{am oj}

nk {om{as mkafskm/

^khkcycol Gkgnk~x \dj F~k Oj} Eoj|o ”Co p~kpf~col ij~ }dk nfp}cxg

ji hjoyk~}x! fo kyfolkacx} xdj{am coyc}k }dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~ }j ycxc} }dk nfp'

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xdj{am gfek okhkxxf~s p~kpf~f}cjox fom faxj fxxcx} gfak hfomcmf}kx co}j fom

j{} ji }dk |f}k~/ ]dk mkfhjokxxkx xdj{am fxxcx} ikgfak hfomcmf}kx/

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hfomcmf}kx! p~kik~fnas ~jnkx ji x{c}fnak dkfys gf}k~cfa/ Ci ~jnkx f~k oj} fyfca'

fnak! }dk hfomcmf}kx xdj{am m~kxx co gjmkx} f}}c~k/

]dk nfp}cxg xdj{am nk ijaaj|km ns f xdj~} |kahjgcol hk~kgjos/

^knfp}cxg

^knfp}cxg cx xpkhcichfaas gko}cjokm joas co Fh}x 6326'<! |dk~k }dk

fpjx}ak Pf{a komj~xkm c} ij~ f l~j{p ji nkackyk~x |djxk p~kycj{x nfp}cxg ji

~kpko}fohk dfm nkko ns Bjdo/ Co fmmc}cjo }j ~kpko}fohk! Hd~cx}cfo nfp}cxg

GKGNK^XDCP =3



cx fxxjhcf}km |c}d fo {omk~x}fomcol ji fom pk~xjofa hjggc}gko} }j }dk

ljxpka fom }dk }kfhdcolx ji Bkx{x fom f ~khkp}cjo ji }dk Djas Xpc~c}/ \c}d

}dcx coh~kfxkm {omk~x}fomcol fom hjggc}gko}! ~knfp}cxg cx fhhkp}fnak/

Comcycm{fax I~jg J}dk~ Hd~cx}cfo Hjgg{ocjox ”Jo ncnachfa l~j{omx!

comcycm{fax i~jg j}dk~ Hd~cx}cfo hjgg{ocjox |dj dfyk kgn~fhkm Xkyko}d'

mfs Fmyko}cx} nkackix fom |dj dfyk p~kycj{xas nkko nfp}crkm ns cggk~xcjo

gfs ~kv{kx} ~knfp}cxg/

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Bjdo–x nfp}cxg $Bjdo 628;'=0#! n{} }dk~k cx oj ~khj~m }dks |k~k ~knfp}crkm/

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nfp}cxg ns cggk~xcjo xdj{am kyfa{f}k dcx*dk~ ok| ~kaclcj{x ktpk~ckohk fom mk'

}k~gcok |dk}dk~ dk*xdk mkxc~kx ~knfp}cxg/ ]dk~k cx }j nk oj {~lcol/

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i{aas p~kxko}km co }dk xpc~c} ji }komk~okxx fom ajyk/ ]dko }dk m{}s ji {~lcol

nkajolx }j oj jok n{} Ljm5 lcyk Ljm f hdfohk }j |j~e |c}d Dcx Djas Xpc~c}

{pjo }dk gcomx! xj }df} }dk comcycm{fa |caa nk pk~ikh}as hjoycohkm fom xf}cx'

ickm co ~klf~m }j }dcx fmyfohkm x}kp/‗”Ky 8<8/

Fpjx}fxs fom ^knfp}cxg ”Fa}dj{ld fpjx}fxs ktcx}km co }dk fpjx}jach

hd{~hd $Dkn/ 92='9#! Xh~cp}{~k mjkx oj} fmm~kxx }dk v{kx}cjo ji ~knfp}cxg/

Kaako L/ \dc}k x{ppj~}x ~knfp}cxg |dko gkgnk~x dfyk fpjx}f}crkm fom }dko

f~k ~khjoyk~}km fom |cxd }j ~kbjco }dk Hd{~hd/ $Xkk pp/ 99! 9<! 6;=/#

‑]dk Aj~m hfaax ij~ f mkhcmkm ~kij~gf}cjo/ Fom |dko f xj{a cx }~{as ~k'

hjoyk~}km! ak} dcg nk ~knfp}crkm/ Ak} dcg ~kok| dcx hjykofo} |c}d Ljm! fom

Ljm |caa ~kok| Dcx hjykofo} |c}d dcg/‗”Ky 8<;/

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fo kgj}cjofa nfxcx akxxkox c}x gkfocol fom ~kp~kxko}x f gcx{omk~x}fomcol ji

}dk l~fyc}s fom xclocichfohk }df} Xh~cp}{~k fxxclox }j c}/ F gkgnk~ |djxk

xpc~c}{fa ktpk~ckohk dfx nkhjgk hjam okkmx f xpc~c} ji ~kpko}fohk |dchd akfmx

}j ~kycyfa fom ~kij~gf}cjo/ ]dcx ktpk~ckohk |caa nk ijaaj|km ns pf~}chcpf}cjo

;0 HD[^HD GFO[FA



co }dk hjgg{ocjo xk~ychk }j xclocis ~kok|km hakfoxcol fom ikaaj|xdcp co }dk

njms ji Hd~cx}! gfecol ~knfp}cxg {ookhkxxf~s/

P~jikxxcjo ji Ifc}d

Comcycm{fax |dj dfyk fhhkp}km }dk i{omfgko}fa nkackix ji }dk Xkyko}d'

mfs Fmyko}cx} Hd{~hd fom |dj mkxc~k gkgnk~xdcp co }dk Hd{~hd jo p~j'

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hc~h{gx}fohkx2

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|j~am hjomc}cjox! cx {ofnak }j xkh{~k f ak}}k~ ji }~foxik~ i~jg dcx*dk~ djgk

hd{~hd/ $Xkk p/ ;8/#

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ik~kohk j~ hjoik~kohkx coyjaykm/=/ Fo comcycm{fa |dj dfx nkko f gkgnk~! n{} |djxk gkgnk~xdcp dfx

nkko gcxpafhkm j~ dfx nkko |c}dm~f|o nkhf{xk dk*xdk |fx f gcxxcol gkg'

nk~! sk} |dj dfx ~kgfcokm ifc}di{a }j dcx*dk~ Hd~cx}cfo hjggc}gko}/

L~kf} hf~k xdj{am nk ktk~hcxkm co ~khkcycol gkgnk~x ci }dks dfyk ij~gk~as

nkko gkgnk~x ji foj}dk~ hjol~klf}cjo/ \dko f pk~xjo fppackx ij~ gkgnk~'

xdcp jo p~jikxxcjo ji ifc}d! cov{c~ckx xdj{am nk gfmk hjohk~ocol }dk fppachfo}–x

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hjoik~kohk p~kxcmko}/ X{iichcko} }cgk xdj{am nk }feko }j coykx}clf}k }dk ifh}x/

\dko f pk~xjo fppackx ij~ gkgnk~xdcp jo p~jikxxcjo ji ifc}d fom c} cx

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gfmk ~cld}/ Oj hd{~hd dfx }dk ~cld} }j |c}ddjam }~foxik~ {oakxx }dk pk~xjo

cx {omk~ mcxhcpacok/

\dko fo comcycm{fa |djxk gkgnk~xdcp dfx nkko ~kgjykm xkkex ~kfm'

gcxxcjo }j hd{~hd gkgnk~xdcp! ~kfmgcxxcjo cx oj~gfaas p~khkmkm ns ~knfp'

}cxg/ $Xkk pp/ 99! 9</#

GKGNK^XDCP ;6



]~foxik~~col Gkgnk~x

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ifhcac}f}k }dkc~ gkgnk~xdcp }~foxik~ }j }dk ok| hjol~klf}cjo/

]dk hak~e ji }dk hd{~hd djamcol }dk gkgnk~xdcp ~khj~mx faxj xdj{am

oj}cis }dk }~foxik~~col gkgnk~x ji }dk co}ko}cjo }j lcyk }dkc~ ok| fmm~kxxkx

}j }dk hjoik~kohk/

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xdj{am gfek cggkmcf}k fppachf}cjox ij~ ak}}k~x ji }~foxik~/ Gkgnk~x gjycol}j fo cxjaf}km f~kf |c}d oj hd{~hd |c}dco f ~kfxjofnak mcx}fohk xdj{am fppas

}j bjco }dk hjoik~kohk hd{~hd/

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}dkc~ ak}}k~x ji }~foxik~ }j }dk hak~e ji }dk hd{~hd |c}d |dchd }dk gkgnk~x

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c} }j }dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~! |dj co }{~o p~kxko}x c} }j }dk njf~m/ Fi}k~ m{k hjoxcmk~'

f}cjo! }dk njf~m yj}kx }j ~khjggkom! ifyj~fnas j~ j}dk~|cxk! }j }dk hd{~hd/ $Xkk

pp/ 8<'83! =6! =3';;! 9;'9<! 40/# ]dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~ }dko n~colx }dk ~khjggko'

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ijaaj|col |kke! |dko }dk ~kv{kx} cx p~kxko}km }j }dk hd{~hd ij~ f yj}k/

]dk p{~pjxk ji }dk jok'|kke co}k~yfa cx }j lcyk gkgnk~x fo jppj~}{'

oc}s }j jnbkh} }j }dk l~fo}col ji }dk ak}}k~/ Jnbkh}cjox j~mcof~cas xdj{am oj}

nk p{nachas x}f}km n{} nk ajmlkm |c}d }dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~! |dj }dko ~kik~x

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jppj~}{oc}s }j fppkf~ }j p~kxko} dcx*dk~ jnbkh}cjo/ Ci }dk jnbkh}cjo cx oj}

nfxkm jo yfacm l~j{omx! }dk pk~xjo ~fcxcol jnbkh}cjo xdj{am nk fmgjocxdkm

}j |c}dm~f| c}/ Ci }dk jnbkh}cjo cx nfxkm jo yfacm l~j{omx! c} cx }dk m{}s ji

}dk njf~m }j coykx}clf}k/ Icofa fh}cjo jo l~fo}col }dk ak}}k~ cx mkik~~km {o}ca

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gfmk }j kiikh} ~khjohcacf}cjo/ Ci p{nach jiikoxkx f~k coyjaykm! mcxhcpacof~s

gkfx{~kx gfs nk hfaakm ij~/ Ci }dk~k cx xjgk xpc~c}{fa afpxk! kiij~}x xdj{am nk

gfmk }j ~kx}j~k }dk gkgnk~/

Hak~e }j P~kpf~k Ak}}k~ ”\dko }dk hd{~hd dfx l~fo}km }dk ak}}k~ ji }~fox'

;> HD[^HD GFO[FA



ik~! }dk hak~e icaax j{} }dk ~kl{af~ }~foxik~ ij~g fom ij~|f~mx c} }j }dk hak~e ji }dk

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pfx}j~ j~ kamk~! |dj p~kxko}x c} ic~x} }j }dk njf~m ij~ ~khjggkomf}cjo! fi}k~ |dchd }dk ~kv{kx} cx p~kxko}km }j }dk hd{~hd f} c}x okt} ~kl{af~ xk~ychk/ ]dk yj}k

fhhkp}col }dk pk~xjo co}j gkgnk~xdcp {x{faas cx }feko f} }dk ~kl{af~ xk~ychk jok

|kke af}k~/ ]dk hak~e ji }dk ~khkcycol hd{~hd }dko fmmx }dk gkgnk~–x ofgk fom

mf}k ji fmgc}}fohk }j }dk gkgnk~xdcp ~khj~m/ ]dk hak~e faxj icaax j{} }dk ~k}{~o

pj~}cjo ji }dk ak}}k~ ji }~foxik~! hk~}ciscol }df} }dk gkgnk~ dfx nkko fhhkp}km!

fom ~k}{~ox c} }j }dk hak~e ji }dk l~fo}col hd{~hd/ $Xkk p/ 40/#

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Fa}k~of}cyk Gk}djm ij~ Gkgnk~xdcp ]~foxik~ ”F mcycxcjo gfs fpp~jyk

fa}k~of}cyk gk}djmx ij~ }~foxik~~col gkgnk~x nk}|kko hd{~hdkx |c}dco }dk

mcycxcjo! n{} |dko gkgnk~x ~kv{kx} }~foxik~x }j f hd{~hd co foj}dk~ mcycxcjo!

}dk fnjyk ‑Gk}djm ji L~fo}col Ak}}k~x ji ]~foxik~‗ g{x} nk ijaaj|km/

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}ciscol }df} }dk gkgnk~ dfx nkko yj}km co}j }dk ikaaj|xdcp ji }dk ~khkcycol

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xcnak ij~ xkkcol }df} faa hd{~hdkx fmdk~k }j }dcx p~jhkm{~k/

^khkcycol Gkgnk~x [omk~ Mciich{a} Hjomc}cjox ”\j~am hjomc}cjox

xjgk}cgkx p~kyko} hjgg{ochf}cjox hjohk~ocol f gkgnk~xdcp }~foxik~/ Co

x{hd xc}{f}cjox! }dk ~khkcycol hd{~hd! co hj{oxka |c}d }dk hjoik~kohk! xdj{am

xf}cxis c}xkai fx }j }dk fppachfo}–x x}fomcol fom }dko ~khkcyk dcg*dk~ co}j

gkgnk~xdcp jo p~jikxxcjo ji ifc}d/ Ci }dk |fs af}k~ jpkox }j hjgg{ochf}k

|c}d }dk l~fo}col hd{~hd j~ }j }dk hjoik~kohk |dk~k c} cx ajhf}km! }dk ~khkcy'

col hd{~hd xdj{am xkom f ak}}k~ x}f}col |df} c} dfx mjok/

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col hd{~hd/ \dko }dk ~k}{~o hk~}cichf}k dfx nkko ~khkcykm! }dk ofgk cx }dko

~kgjykm i~jg }dk gkgnk~xdcp ~khj~m ji }dk l~fo}col hd{~hd fom oj} co'

ha{mkm co x{nxkv{ko} ~kpj~}x/

GKGNK^XDCP ;8



Ci Gkgnk~ Cx Oj} Fhhkp}km ”]dk ~khkcycol hd{~hd g{x} ~khkcyk }dk

gkgnk~ {oakxx c} eoj|x f yfacm ~kfxjo c} xdj{am oj} kt}kom }dk p~cycaklk ji

gkgnk~xdcp/ Ci f hd{~hd mjkx oj} ~khkcyk }dk gkgnk~! }dk hak~e xdj{am ~k'}{~o }dk ak}}k~ }j }dk l~fo}col hd{~hd |c}d f i{aa ktpafof}cjo ji }dk ~kfxjox/

]dk pk~xjo–x gkgnk~xdcp }dko ~kgfcox |c}d }dk l~fo}col hd{~hd! |dchd

xdj{am hjjpk~f}k |c}d }dk gkgnk~ }j ~kxjayk }dk gf}}k~/

Ak}}k~x L~fo}km Joas }j ]djxk co ^kl{af~ X}fomcol ”Ak}}k~x ji }~foxik~

f~k l~fo}km joas }j gkgnk~x co ~kl{af~ x}fomcol! okyk~ }j f gkgnk~ {omk~ mcx'

hcpacok/ V{faciscol x}f}kgko}x f~k j{} ji j~mk~ kthkp} |dko }dk pfx}j~ j~ njf~m

ji }dk l~fo}col hd{~hd dfx ifh}{fa j~ p~jyko eoj|akmlk }df} }dk gkgnk~ dfxnkko coyjaykm fx f pk~pk}~f}j~ ji hdcam fn{xk/ Co }df} hfxk! ij~ }dk xfik}s ji hdca'

m~ko! }dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~ xdj{am p~jycmk f hjoicmko}cfa x}f}kgko} fak~}col }dk

pfx}j~ j~ kamk~ ji }dk hjol~klf}cjo }j |dchd }dk gkgnk~ cx }~foxik~~col/

Ci f gkgnk~ |dj dfx gjykm }j f ok| ajhf}cjo dfx l~j|o comciik~ko}!

}dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~ ji }dk l~fo}col hd{~hd gfs! }j nk hakf~ co }dk gf}}k~ nk'

ij~k }dk }~foxik~ cx l~fo}km! }fek {p }dk v{kx}cjo |c}d }dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~ ji

}dk ~khkcycol hd{~hd/

Oj Ak}}k~ \c}dj{} Gkgnk~–x Fpp~jyfa ”Co oj hfxk xdj{am f hd{~hd

yj}k f ak}}k~ ji }~foxik~ hjo}~f~s }j }dk mkxc~k ji }dk gkgnk~! oj~ xdj{am f

hd{~hd fhhkp} f gkgnk~ ns f ak}}k~ l~fo}km {omk~ x{hd hc~h{gx}fohkx/

Gkgnk~xdcp cx }dk pk~xjofa ~kaf}cjoxdcp ji fo comcycm{fa }j }dk njms ji

Hd~cx}! fom f hd{~hd xdj{am ~khjlocrk }dcx ~kaf}cjoxdcp fom fyjcm fos fh}cjo

}df} gcld} nk hjox}~{km fx f~nc}~f~s/

Jo }dk j}dk~ dfom! f gkgnk~ cx {omk~ jnaclf}cjo }j ~khjlocrk }dk |ka'

if~k ji }dk hd{~hd fom }j gfek kyk~s kiij~} }j ~kackyk }dk hd{~hd ji p~jnakgx

cohcmko} }j fnxko}kk gkgnk~x/ \dko f gkgnk~ gjykx! dk*xdk xdj{am

p~jgp}as ~kv{kx} f ak}}k~ ji }~foxik~/

\dko f hd{~hd cx ktpkaakm i~jg }dk xcx}k~djjm ji hd{~hdkx ns fh}cjo ji

f hjoik~kohk xkxxcjo! }dk gkgnk~xdcpx ji faa ajsfa gkgnk~x! kthkp} }djxk

|dj ~ki{xk! f~k hjoxcmk~km gjykm }j }dk hjoik~kohk hd{~hd jo f p~jycxcjofa

nfxcx/ ]dk hjoik~kohk hd{~hd }dko gfs cxx{k ak}}k~x ji }~foxik~ ij~ ajsfa

gkgnk~x fom mkfa |c}d j}dk~ gkgnk~xdcpx fx gfs nk okhkxxf~s/ $Xkk pp/ =0'=8/#

Hd{~hd Njf~m Hfooj} L~fo} Ak}}k~x ”F njf~m dfx oj f{}dj~c}s }j yj}k

ak}}k~x ji }~foxik~ j~ }j ~khkcyk gkgnk~x ns ak}}k~/ ]dk njf~m–x f{}dj~c}s cx

acgc}km }j gfecol ~khjggkomf}cjox }j }dk hd{~hd/ Fh}cjo jo faa }~foxik~x ji

gkgnk~xdcp! ifyj~fnak j~ j}dk~|cxk! g{x} nk }feko ns }dk hd{~hd/ $Xkk

;= HD[^HD GFO[FA



p/ ;>/# ]dk hak~e dfx oj f{}dj~c}s }j ~kgjyk ofgkx i~jg j~ fmm ofgkx }j

}dk gkgnk~xdcp ~khj~m kthkp} ns yj}k ji }dk hd{~hd/ \dko f gkgnk~ mckx!

}dk hak~e ~khj~mx }dk mf}k ji mkf}d co }dk gkgnk~xdcp ~khj~m! fom oj fh}cjons }dk hd{~hd cx okhkxxf~s/

Gkgnk~xdcp co }dk Hjoik~kohk Hd{~hd ”Cxjaf}km gkgnk~x xdj{am {oc}k

|c}d }dk hjoik~kohk hd{~hd! |dchd cx f njms j~lfocrkm ij~ }dk nkokic} ji nk'

ackyk~x |dj j}dk~|cxk |j{am nk |c}dj{} hd{~hd p~cycaklkx/ Flkm fom co'

ic~gkm gkgnk~x |dj acyk okf~ f hd{~hd fom hjoik~kohk jiichk~x fom j}dk~

kgpajskkx! coha{mcol pfx}j~x! xdj{am nk gkgnk~x ji f ajhfa hd{~hd! oj} }dk

hjoik~kohk hd{~hd/]dk hjoik~kohk p~kxcmko} cx }dk p~kxcmcol kamk~ ji }dk hjoik~kohk

hd{~hd! fom }dk |j~e oj~gfaas hf~~ckm ns }dk hak~e fom }dk }~kfx{~k~ cx dfo'

makm ns }dk hjoik~kohk xkh~k}f~s fom }~kfx{~k~/ Xcohk }dk hd{~hd dfx oj

njf~m! faa n{xcokxx oj~gfaas hjom{h}km ns f ajhfa hd{~hd njf~m cx hjom{h}km

ns }dk hjoik~kohk hjggc}}kk! |dchd faxj fppjco}x mkaklf}kx i~jg }dk hjo'

ik~kohk hd{~hd }j }dk hjoik~kohk xkxxcjo/

Gkgnk~xdcp ̂ khj~m ”]dk hd{~hd xdj{am dfyk jok gkgnk~xdcp ~khj~m/Ofgkx f~k fmmkm j~ ~kgjykm joas jo }dk yj}k ji }dk hd{~hd j~ f} mkf}d/

$Xkk p/ 40/# [omk~ oj hc~h{gx}fohkx xdj{am f hd{~hd ekkp f ~k}c~km gkg'

nk~xdcp acx}/

GKGNK^XDCP ;;



HDFP]K^ <

Mcxhcpacok

Lkok~fa P~cohcpakx

]dk Ncnak fom }dk Xpc~c} ji P~jpdkhs xk} ij~}d co hakf~! {ogcx}fefnak

afol{flk }dk xjakgo ~kxpjoxcncac}s }df} ~kx}x {pjo }dk pkjpak ji Ljm }jgfco}fco }dkc~ p{~c}s! co}kl~c}s! fom xpc~c}{fa ik~yj~/ Ci gkgnk~x l~j| comci'

ik~ko} j~ m~ci} f|fs! }dk hd{~hd g{x} xkke }j ~khafcg }dkg ij~ }dk Aj~m/

Mkfacol \c}d K~~col Gkgnk~x ”‑Gj~kjyk~ ci sj{~ n~j}dk~ xcox flfcox}

sj{! lj fom }kaa dcg dcx if{a} nk}|kko sj{ fom dcg fajok/ Ci dk dkf~x sj{!

sj{ dfyk lfcokm sj{~ n~j}dk~/ N{} ci dk |caa oj} dkf~! }fek |c}d sj{ jok j~

}|j gj~k! }df} —ns }dk gj{}d ji }|j j~ }d~kk |c}okxxkx kyk~s |j~m gfs nk

kx}fnacxdkm/– Fom ci dk ~ki{xkx }j dkf~ }dkg! }kaa c} }j }dk hd{~hd/ N{} ci dk~ki{xkx kyko }j dkf~ }dk hd{~hd! ak} dcg nk }j sj{ acek f dkf}dko fom f }ft

hjaakh}j~/ Fxx{~kmas! C xfs }j sj{! |df}kyk~ sj{ ncom jo kf~}d |caa nk nj{om

co dkfyko! fom |df}kyk~ sj{ ajjxk jo kf~}d |caa nk ajjxkm co dkfyko‗ $Gf}}/

6426;'64#/

‑Co mkfacol |c}d k~~col hd{~hd gkgnk~x! Ljm–x pkjpak f~k hf~ki{aas }j

ijaaj| }dk cox}~{h}cjo lcyko ns }dk Xfycj~ co }dk kcld}kko}d hdfp}k~ ji

Gf}}dk|/

‑D{gfo nkcolx f~k Hd~cx}–x p~jpk~}s! p{~hdfxkm ns Dcg f} fo coicoc}k

p~chk! nj{om }j Dcg ns }dk ajyk }df} Dk fom Dcx If}dk~ dfyk gfocikx}km ij~

}dkg/ Dj| hf~ki{a! }dko! |k xdj{am nk co j{~ mkfacol |c}d jok foj}dk~&

Gko dfyk oj ~cld} }j x{~gcxk kyca co ~klf~m }j }dkc~ ikaaj| gko/ Hd{~hd

gkgnk~x dfyk oj ~cld} }j ijaaj| }dkc~ j|o cgp{axkx fom cohacof}cjox co

mkfacol |c}d ikaaj| gkgnk~x |dj dfyk k~~km/ ]dks xdj{am oj} kyko ktp~kxx

}dkc~ p~kb{mchkx ~klf~mcol }dk k~~col! ij~ }d{x }dks pafhk co j}dk~ gcomx }dk

akfyko ji kyca/ / / /‑—Ci }ds n~j}dk~ xdfaa }~kxpfxx flfcox} }dkk!– Hd~cx} mkhaf~km! —lj fom }kaa

dcg dcx if{a} nk}|kko }dkk fom dcg fajok/– / / / Mj oj} }kaa j}dk~x ji }dk |~jol/

Jok pk~xjo cx }jam! }dko foj}dk~! fom x}caa foj}dk~5 fom hjo}co{faas }dk ~kpj~}

l~j|x! fom }dk kyca coh~kfxkx! }caa }dk |djak hd{~hd cx gfmk }j x{iik~/ Xk}}ak }dk

gf}}k~ —nk}|kko }dkk fom dcg fajok/– ]dcx cx Ljm–x pafo/‗”<] >90/

;9



Ljm–x Pafo ”‑\df}kyk~ }dk hdf~fh}k~ ji }dk jiikoxk! }dcx mjkx oj}

hdfolk }dk pafo }df} Ljm dfx gfmk ij~ }dk xk}}akgko} ji gcx{omk~x}fomcolx

fom pk~xjofa cob{~ckx/ Xpkfecol fajok fom co }dk xpc~c} ji Hd~cx} }j }dk jok|dj cx co if{a} |caa ji}ko ~kgjyk }dk mciich{a}s/ Lj }j }dk k~~col jok! |c}d

f dkf~} icaakm |c}d Hd~cx}–x ajyk fom xsgpf}ds! fom xkke }j fmb{x} }dk gf}}k~/

^kfxjo |c}d dcg hfagas fom v{ck}as/ Ak} oj fol~s |j~mx kxhfpk sj{~ acpx/

Xpkfe co f |fs }df} |caa fppkfa }j dcx nk}}k~ b{mlgko}/ ^kgkgnk~ }dk

|j~mx2 —Dk |dchd hjoyk~}k}d }dk xcook~ i~jg }dk k~~j~ ji dcx |fs xdfaa xfyk

f xj{a i~jg mkf}d! fom xdfaa dcmk f g{a}c}{mk ji xcox/– Bfgkx ;2>0/ / / /

‑Faa dkfyko cx co}k~kx}km co }dk co}k~yck| nk}|kko }dk jok |dj dfx

nkko cob{~km fom }dk jok |dj cx co k~~j~/ Fx }dk k~~col jok fhhkp}x }dk ~k'p~jji jiik~km co }dk ajyk ji Hd~cx}! fom fheoj|akmlkx dcx |~jol! fxecol ij~'

lcykokxx i~jg Ljm fom i~jg dcx n~j}dk~! }dk x{oxdcok ji dkfyko icaax dcx

dkf~}/ / / / ]dk Xpc~c} ji Ljm ncomx dkf~} }j dkf~}! fom }dk~k cx g{xch co

dkfyko jyk~ }dk {ocjo n~j{ld} fnj{}/ / / /

‑—N{} ci dk |caa oj} dkf~ }dkk! }dko }fek |c}d }dkk jok j~ }|j gj~k!

}df} co }dk gj{}d ji }|j j~ }d~kk |c}okxxkx kyk~s |j~m gfs nk kx}fnacxdkm/–

/ / / ]fek |c}d sj{ }djxk |dj f~k xpc~c}{faas gcomkm! fom }fae |c}d }dk jok

co k~~j~ co ~klf~m }j }dk |~jol/ / / / Fx dk xkkx }dkc~ fl~kkgko} co }dk gf}}k~!dcx gcom gfs nk koacld}kokm/

‑—Fom ci dk xdfaa oklakh} }j dkf~ }dkg!– |df} }dko xdfaa nk mjok: Xdfaa

f ik| pk~xjox co f njf~m gkk}col }fek {pjo }dkgxkaykx }dk ~kxpjoxcncac}s ji

mcxikaaj|xdcpcol }dk k~~col jok: —Ci dk xdfaa oklakh} }j dkf~ }dkg! }kaa c} {o}j

}dk hd{~hd/– / / / Ak} }dk hd{~hd }fek fh}cjo co ~klf~m }j c}x gkgnk~x/

‑—N{} ci dk oklakh} }j dkf~ }dk hd{~hd! ak} dcg nk {o}j }dkk fx fo dkf'

}dko gfo fom f p{nachfo/– / / / Ci dk |caa oj} dkkm }dk yjchk ji }dk hd{~hd!

ci dk ~ki{xkx faa }dk kiij~}x gfmk }j ~khafcg dcg! {pjo }dk hd{~hd ~kx}x }dk

~kxpjoxcncac}s ji xkpf~f}col dcg i~jg ikaaj|xdcp/ Dcx ofgk xdj{am }dko nk

x}~cheko i~jg }dk njjex/

‑Oj hd{~hd jiichk~ xdj{am fmycxk! oj hjggc}}kk xdj{am ~khjggkom!

oj~ xdj{am fos hd{~hd yj}k! }df} }dk ofgk ji f |~jolmjk~ xdfaa nk ~kgjykm

i~jg }dk hd{~hd njjex! {o}ca }dk cox}~{h}cjo lcyko ns Hd~cx} dfx nkko ifc}d'

i{aas ijaaj|km/ \dko }dcx cox}~{h}cjo dfx nkko ijaaj|km! }dk hd{~hd dfx

hakf~km dk~xkai nkij~k Ljm/ ]dk kyca g{x} }dko nk gfmk }j fppkf~ fx c} cx!fom g{x} nk ~kgjykm! }df} c} gfs oj} nkhjgk gj~k fom gj~k |cmkxp~kfm/

]dk dkfa}d fom p{~c}s ji }dk hd{~hd g{x} nk p~kxk~ykm! }df} xdk gfs x}fom

nkij~k Ljm {ox{aackm! hafm co }dk ~jnkx ji Hd~cx}–x ~cld}kj{xokxx/ / / /

‑ —Yk~cas C xfs {o}j sj{!– Hd~cx} hjo}co{km! —|df}xjkyk~ sk xdfaa ncom jo

kf~}d xdfaa nk nj{om co dkfyko2 fom |df}xjkyk~ sk xdfaa ajjxk jo kf~}d xdfaa

nk ajjxkm co dkfyko/– / / /

MCXHCPACOK ;<



‑]dcx x}f}kgko} djamx c}x ij~hk co faa flkx/ Jo }dk hd{~hd dfx nkko hjo'

ik~~km }dk pj|k~ }j fh} co Hd~cx}–x x}kfm/ C} cx Ljm–x cox}~{gko}fac}s ij~ }dk

p~kxk~yf}cjo ji j~mk~ fom mcxhcpacok fgjol Dcx pkjpak/ ]j c} }dk Aj~m dfxmkaklf}km }dk pj|k~ }j xk}}ak faa v{kx}cjox ~kxpkh}col c}x p~jxpk~c}s! p{~c}s!

fom j~mk~/ [pjo c} ~kx}x }dk ~kxpjoxcncac}s ji ktha{mcol i~jg c}x ikaaj|xdcp

}djxk |dj f~k {o|j~}ds! |dj ns }dkc~ {o'Hd~cx}acek hjom{h} |j{am n~col

mcxdjoj~ jo }dk }~{}d/ \df}kyk~ }dk hd{~hd mjkx }df} cx co fhhj~mfohk |c}d

}dk mc~kh}cjox lcyko co Ljm–x \j~m |caa nk ~f}cickm co dkfyko/‗”<] >96'

>98/

F{}dj~c}s ji }dk Hd{~hd ”‑]dk |j~am–x ^kmkkgk~ dfx coykx}km l~kf}pj|k~ |c}d Dcx hd{~hd/ Dk x}f}kx }dk ~{akx }j nk fppackm co hfxkx ji }~cfa |c}d

c}x gkgnk~x/ Fi}k~ Dk dfx lcyko ktpachc} mc~kh}cjox fx }j }dk hj{~xk }j nk

p{~x{km! Dk xfsx2 —Yk~cas C xfs {o}j sj{! \df}xjkyk~ sk xdfaa ncom jo kf~}d

xdfaa nk nj{om co dkfyko2 fom |df}xjkyk~ Uco hd{~hd mcxhcpacokW sk xdfaa

ajjxk jo kf~}d xdfaa nk ajjxkm co dkfyko/– ]d{x kyko }dk dkfykoas f{}dj~c}s

~f}cickx }dk mcxhcpacok ji }dk hd{~hd co ~klf~m }j c}x gkgnk~x |dko }dk Ncnak

~{ak dfx nkko ijaaj|km/

‑]dk \j~m ji Ljm mjkx oj} lcyk achkoxk ij~ jok gfo }j xk} {p dcx b{ml'gko} co jppjxc}cjo }j }dk b{mlgko} ji }dk hd{~hd! okc}dk~ cx dk faaj|km }j

{~lk dcx jpcocjox flfcox} }dk jpcocjox ji }dk hd{~hd/‗”8] =>4/

Hd{~hd–x ̂ kxpjoxcncac}s ”‑Ljm djamx Dcx pkjpak! fx f njms! ~kxpjoxcnak

ij~ }dk xcox ktcx}col co comcycm{fax fgjol }dkg/ Ci }dk akfmk~x ji }dk hd{~hd

oklakh} }j mcaclko}as xkf~hd j{} }dk xcox |dchd n~col }dk mcxpakfx{~k ji Ljm

{pjo }dk njms! }dks nkhjgk ~kxpjoxcnak ij~ }dkxk xcox/‗”8] >93/

‑Ci }dk~k |k~k oj hd{~hd mcxhcpacok fom ljyk~ogko}! }dk hd{~hd |j{am

lj }j i~flgko}x5 c} hj{am oj} djam }jlk}dk~ fx f njms/‗”8] =>4/

[ohjoxkh~f}km ^kxcx} Mcxhcpacok ”‑]dk~k f~k gfos |dj mj oj} dfyk

}dk mcxh~k}cjo ji Bjxd{f fom |dj dfyk oj xpkhcfa m{}s }j xkf~hd j{} |~jolx

fom }j mkfa p~jgp}as |c}d }dk xcox ktcx}col fgjol }dkg/ Ak} oj} x{hd dcomk~

}djxk |dj dfyk }dk n{~mko ji }dcx |j~e {pjo }dkg5 ak} }dkg oj} x}fom co

}dk |fs ji }djxk |dj dfyk }dcx m{}s }j mj/ Xjgk gfek c} f pjco} }j v{kx}cjofom mj{n} fom icom if{a} nkhf{xk j}dk~x mj }dk |j~e }df} Ljm dfx oj} afcm

{pjo }dkg/ ]dkxk x}fom mc~kh}as co }dk |fs }j dcomk~ }djxk {pjo |djg

Ljm dfx afcm }dk n{~mko ji ~kp~jycol fom hj~~kh}col p~kyfcacol xcox co j~mk~

}df} Dcx i~j|o gfs nk }{~okm f|fs i~jg Dcx pkjpak/ Xdj{am f hfxk acek

Fhdfo–x nk fgjol {x! }dk~k f~k gfos |dj |j{am fhh{xk }djxk |dj gcld}

fh} }dk pf~} ji Bjxd{f co xkf~hdcol j{} }dk |~jol! ji dfycol f |chekm! if{a}'

;4 HD[^HD GFO[FA



icomcol xpc~c}/ Ljm cx oj} }j nk }~ciakm |c}d fom Dcx |f~ocolx mcx~klf~mkm

|c}d cgp{oc}s ns f pk~yk~xk pkjpak/ / / /

‑]djxk |dj |j~e co }dk ikf~ ji Ljm }j ~cm }dk hd{~hd ji dcom~fohkxfom }j hj~~kh} l~ckyj{x |~jolx! }df} }dk pkjpak ji Ljm gfs xkk }dk okhkxxc}s

ji fndj~~col xco fom gfs p~jxpk~ co p{~c}s! fom }df} }dk ofgk ji Ljm gfs

nk laj~cickm! |caa kyk~ gkk} |c}d ~kxcx}col coia{kohkx i~jg }dk {ohjoxk'

h~f}km/‗”8] ><0! ><6/

Xfikl{f~mcol [oc}s ji }dk Hd{~hd ”Hd~cx}cfox xdj{am gfek kyk~s kiij~}

}j fyjcm }komkohckx }df} |j{am mcycmk }dkg fom n~col mcxdjoj~ }j }dkc~

hf{xk/ ‑C} cx }dk p{~pjxk ji Ljm }df} Dcx hdcam~ko xdfaa nakom co {oc}s/ Mj}dks oj} ktpkh} }j acyk }jlk}dk~ co }dk xfgk dkfyko: / / / ]djxk |dj ~ki{xk

}j |j~e co df~gjos l~kf}as mcxdjoj~ Ljm/‗”4] >=0/ ]dk hd{~hd xdj{am

mcxhj{~flk fh}cjox }df} }d~kf}ko df~gjos fgjol c}x gkgnk~x fom xdj{am

hjoxcx}ko}as kohj{~flk {oc}s/

Fa}dj{ld faa gkgnk~x dfyk kv{fa ~cld}x |c}dco }dk hd{~hd! oj comcycm'

{fa gkgnk~ j~ l~j{p xdj{am x}f~} f gjykgko} j~ ij~g fo j~lfocrf}cjo j~

xkke }j kohj{~flk f ijaaj|col ij~ }dk f}}fcogko} ji fos jnbkh}cyk j~ ij~ }dk

}kfhdcol ji fos mjh}~cok j~ gkxxflk oj} co df~gjos |c}d }dk i{omfgko}fa~kaclcj{x jnbkh}cykx fom }kfhdcolx ji }dk Hd{~hd/ X{hd f hj{~xk |j{am ~kx{a}

co }dk ijx}k~col ji f mcycxcyk xpc~c}! }dk i~flgko}col ji }dk |c}okxx ji }dk

Hd{~hd! fom }d{x co dcomk~col ji }dk Hd{~hd–x mcxhdf~lk ji c}x jnaclf}cjox }j

}dk Aj~m fom }dk |j~am/

^khjohcacf}cjo ji Mciik~kohkx ”Kyk~s kiij~} xdj{am nk gfmk }j xk}}ak mci'

ik~kohkx fgjol hd{~hd gkgnk~x fom hjo}fco }dk hjo}~jyk~xs |c}dco }dk

xgfaakx} pjxxcnak xpdk~k/ ^khjohcacf}cjo ji mciik~kohkx |c}dco }dk hd{~hd

xdj{am! co gjx} hfxkx! nk pjxxcnak |c}dj{} ~khj{~xk kc}dk~ }j f hjohcacf}cjo

p~jhkxx p~jycmkm ns }dk Hd{~hd j~ }j hcyca ac}clf}cjo/

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lfyk }j }dk hd{~hd c}x f{}dj~c}s/‗”;] >=>! >=8/

MCXHCPACOK ;3



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XMF Ncnak Hjggko}f~s! yja/ 9! p/ 934/#

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90 HD[^HD GFO[FA



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^kfxjox ij~ Mcxhcpacok

]dk ~kfxjox ij~ |dchd gkgnk~x xdfaa nk x{nbkh} }j mcxhcpacok f~k2

6/ Mkocfa ji ifc}d co }dk i{omfgko}fax ji }dk ljxpka fom co }dk i{o'

MCXHCPACOK 96



mfgko}fa nkackix ji }dk Hd{~hd j~ }kfhdcol mjh}~cokx hjo}~f~s }j }dk

xfgk/

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djjm/

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ji gj~fa hjom{h}/

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d{gfo hjox{gp}cjo/

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col co! of~hj}chx j~ j}dk~ m~{lx/

P~jhkxx ji Mcxhcpacok

\dko l~ckyj{x xcox f~k coyjaykm! }dk hd{~hd dfx }|j |fsx co |dchd mcx'

hcpacof~s gkfx{~kx g{x} nk }feko2

6/ Ns f yj}k ji hkox{~k/

>/ Ns f yj}k }j ~kgjyk i~jg gkgnk~xdcp/

Mcxhcpacok ns Hkox{~k ”Co hfxkx |dk~k }dk jiikoxk cx oj} hjoxcmk~km ns

}dk hd{~hd }j nk xj xk~cj{x fx }j |f~~fo} }dk kt}~kgk hj{~xk ji ~kgjycol

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9> HD[^HD GFO[FA



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m{~col |dchd }j gfek }djxk hdfolkx/

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col f Xfnnf}d xhdjja hafxx/ ]dks f~k oj} mkp~cykm! dj|kyk~! ji }dk p~cycaklk

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}k~gcok |dk}dk~ }dk mcxhcpacokm gkgnk~x dfyk hdfolkm hj{~xk/ Ci }dkc~ hjo'

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i{~}dk~ fh}cjo fom xdfaa nk oj}cickm }df} }dk hkox{~k dfx komkm/ Ci }dkc~ hjo'

m{h} cx oj} xf}cxifh}j~s! }dk hd{~hd flfco xdj{am hjoxcmk~ fpp~jp~cf}k mcxhc'

pacok/ Fos ~k}{~o }j hd{~hd jiichk g{x} nk ns kakh}cjo/

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gkgnk~xdcp co }dk hd{~hd! }dk njms ji Hd~cx}! cx }dk {a}cgf}k mcxhcpacok }df}

}dk hd{~hd hfo fmgcocx}k~/ Joas fi}k~ }dk cox}~{h}cjo lcyko co }dcx hdfp}k~

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xdcp/

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ecomokxx fom p~jgp}okxx/ Mkafs co fmgcocx}k~col mcxhcpacok gfs coh~kfxk }dk

i~{x}~f}cjo fom x{iik~col ji }dk gkgnk~ fom }dk hd{~hd c}xkai/

Hf{}cjo Fnj{} B{mlcol Hdf~fh}k~ fom Gj}cyk ”‑Hd~cx} dfx pafcoas

}f{ld} }df} }djxk |dj pk~xcx} co jpko xco g{x} nk xkpf~f}km i~jg }dk hd{~hd!

MCXHCPACOK 98



n{} Dk dfx oj} hjggc}}km }j {x }dk |j~e ji b{mlcol hdf~fh}k~ fom gj}cyk/

Dk eoj|x j{~ of}{~k }jj |kaa }j ko}~{x} }dcx |j~e }j {x/ Xdj{am |k }~s }j

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l{cxd }dkc~ afx} djpk/ Gfos |dj }dcoe }dkgxkaykx Hd~cx}cfox |caa f} afx} nk

ij{om |fo}col/ Gfos |caa nk co dkfyko |dj }dkc~ okcldnj~x x{ppjxkm

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ij~ }dcx |j{am dfyk ~kgfcokm x}kfmifx}/‗”HJA <6! <>/

F} f P~jpk~as Hfaakm Gkk}col ”Gkgnk~x gfs nk mcxhcpacokm ij~ x{iic'hcko} hf{xk! n{} joas f} f p~jpk~as hfaakm n{xcokxx gkk}col $xkk pp/ 6>8! 6>=#

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}j pk~xjofaas x{ppj~} gcxxcjo |j~e/ ]dkc~ ecomas! }fh}i{a f}}c}{mk |caa ko'

hj{~flk acnk~fac}s ji gkgnk~x nj}d co hd{~hd xk~ychkx fom Xfnnf}d xhdjja/

]~fcocol fom Kv{cppcol ji Kamk~x ”]dk Gcocx}k~cfa Fxxjhcf}cjo! co hj'

jpk~f}cjo |c}d }dk mkpf~}gko}x! p~jgj}kx }dk }~fcocol fom kv{cppcol ji ka'

mk~x/ Dj|kyk~! }dk pfx}j~ dfx }dk p~cgf~s ~kxpjoxcncac}s ij~ }~fcocol kamk~x/

$Xkk Oj}kx! (>! p/ 69</#

I~kk }j \j~e Kiikh}cykas ”Kamk~x kxpkhcfaas xdj{am nk aki} i~kk ji j}dk~

n{~mkox }j pk~ij~g kiikh}cykas }dkc~ gfos m{}ckx/ C} gfs nk fmycxfnak co xjgk

hfxkx }j fxe kamk~x }j akfm }dk j{}~kfhd $gcxxcjof~s# |j~e ji }dk hd{~hd! n{}kyko }dcx xdj{am nk fyjcmkm ci j}dk~ }fako} cx fyfcafnak/

Ic~x} Kamk~ ”C} gfs nk fmycxfnak! nkhf{xk ji hd{~hd xcrk! }j hdjjxk

gj~k }dfo jok kamk~ nkhf{xk }dk n{~mkox ji }dk jiichk f~k }jj l~kf} ij~ jok

pk~xjo/ Ci }dk hd{~hd kakh}x gj~k }dfo jok kamk~! jok xdj{am nk mkxclof}km

‑ic~x} kamk~/‗ ]dk |j~e xdj{am nk mcycmkm fgjol }dk kamk~x co df~gjos |c}d

}dkc~ ktpk~ckohk fom fncac}s/

Acgc}f}cjo ji F{}dj~c}s ”Kamk~x mj oj} dfyk }dk f{}dj~c}s }j ~khkcyk j~

~kgjyk gkgnk~x/ ]dcx cx mjok joas ns yj}k ji }dk hd{~hd/ Joas }dk njf~m

gfs ~khjggkom }df} }dk hd{~hd yj}k }j ~khkcyk j~ ~kgjyk gkgnk~x/ $Xkk

pp/ =3! ;=! ;;/#

Hd{~hd Akfmk~x

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fx fo kamk~/ [omk~ x{hd hc~h{gx}fohkx }dk hd{~hd xdj{am kakh} f pk~xjo }j nk

eoj|o fx ‑akfmk~/‗ Co }dk fnxkohk ji }dk pfx}j~ j~ f hjoik~kohk'fxxclokm pfx'

}j~! }dk akfmk~ cx ~kxpjoxcnak ij~ }dk xk~ychkx ji }dk hd{~hd! coha{mcol n{xcokxx

gkk}colx/ ]dk akfmk~ g{x} kc}dk~ hjom{h} }dkxk j~ f~~folk ij~ xjgkjok kaxk

}j mj xj/

AJHFA HD[^HD JIICHK^X FOM J^LFOCRF]CJOX <;



F akfmk~ gfs oj} p~kxcmk f} fos ji }dk hd{~hd j~mcofohkx! fmgcocx}k~

nfp}cxg! hjom{h} }dk Aj~m–x X{ppk~! pk~ij~g }dk gf~~cflk hk~kgjos! j~

p~kxcmk f} n{xcokxx gkk}colx |dko gkgnk~x f~k mcxhcpacokm/ F ~kv{kx} xdj{amnk gfmk }j }dk hjoik~kohk p~kxcmko} ij~ fo j~mfcokm pfx}j~ }j p~kxcmk f} x{hd

gkk}colx/

Mkfhjox

]dk Ok| ]kx}fgko} cmko}cickx }dk jiichk ji mkfhjo |c}d }dk L~kke |j~m

mcfejojx! i~jg |dchd }dk Kolacxd ‑mkfhjo‗ cx mk~cykm/ ]dk L~kke |j~m cx yf~'

cj{xas co}k~p~k}km fx ‑xk~yfo}! gcocx}k~! |~c}k~! f}}komfo}‗ fom co Hd~cx}cfo hc~'hakx dfx fhv{c~km }dk xpkhcfacrkm gkfocol oj| f}}fhdkm }j ‑mkfhjo/‗

]dk gko |dj hfgk }j nk eoj|o fx }dk xkyko mkfhjox ji }dk fpjx}jach

hd{~hd |k~k hdjxko fom j~mfcokm }j f}}kom }j }dk n{xcokxx ji }dk hd{~hd/

$Xkk Fh}x 926'4/# ]dkc~ v{facichf}cjox! xacld}as akxx ktfh}col }dfo }djxk ji ka'

mk~x! f~k acx}km co 6 ]cgj}ds 824'68/

‑]dk ifh} }df} }dkxk n~k}d~ko dfm nkko j~mfcokm ij~ }dk xpkhcfa |j~e ji

ajjecol fi}k~ }dk okkmx ji }dk pjj~ mcm oj} ktha{mk }dkg i~jg }kfhdcol }dk

ifc}d/ Jo }dk hjo}~f~s! }dks |k~k i{aas v{facickm }j cox}~{h} j}dk~x co }dk}~{}d! fom }dks kolflkm co }dk |j~e |c}d l~kf} kf~okx}okxx fom x{hhkxx/‗”

FF 30/

‑]dk fppjco}gko} ji }dk xkyko }j }fek }dk jyk~xcld} ji xpkhcfa acokx ji

|j~e p~jykm f l~kf} nakxxcol }j }dk hd{~hd/ ]dkxk jiichk~x lfyk hf~ki{a hjo'

xcmk~f}cjo }j comcycm{fa okkmx fx |kaa fx }j }dk lkok~fa icofohcfa co}k~kx}x ji

}dk hd{~hd! fom ns }dkc~ p~{mko} gfoflkgko} fom }dkc~ ljmas ktfgpak }dks

|k~k fo cgpj~}fo} fcm }j }dkc~ ikaaj| jiichk~x co ncomcol }jlk}dk~ }dk yf~cj{x

co}k~kx}x ji }dk hd{~hd co}j f {oc}km |djak/‗”FF 43/

]jmfs fppjco}gko} ji mkfhjox }d~j{ld kakh}cjo n~colx xcgcaf~ nakxxcolx

co hd{~hd fmgcocx}~f}cjo ns ~kackycol pfx}j~x! kamk~x! fom j}dk~ jiichk~x ji m{'

}ckx }df} mkfhjox gfs pk~ij~g |kaa/

‑]dk }cgk fom x}~kol}d ji }djxk |dj co }dk p~jycmkohk ji Ljm dfyk

nkko pafhkm co akfmcol pjxc}cjox ji ~kxpjoxcncac}s co }dk hd{~hd xdj{am nk

xpko} co mkfacol |c}d }dk |kcld}ck~ gf}}k~x mkgfomcol xpkhcfa |cxmjg fom

af~lkokxx ji dkf~}/ C} cx oj} co }dk j~mk~ ji Ljm }df} x{hd gko xdj{am nk fp'pkfakm }j ij~ }dk fmb{x}gko} ji gcoj~ gf}}k~x }df} j}dk~x f~k |kaa v{facickm

}j dfomak/‗”FF 38/

Njf~m ji Mkfhjox ”\dk~k f hd{~hd dfx f o{gnk~ ji mkfhjox! c} xdj{am

j~lfocrk f njf~m ji mkfhjox hdfc~km ns }dk dkfm mkfhjo fom |c}d foj}dk~

mkfhjo xk~ycol fx xkh~k}f~s/ X{hd f njms p~jycmkx f |fs }j mcx}~cn{}k ~kxpjo'

<9 HD[^HD GFO[FA



xcncac}s fom hjj~mcof}k }dkc~ hjo}~cn{}cjox }j }dk |kaa'nkcol ji }dk hjol~k'

lf}cjo/ C} faxj p~jycmkx f }~fcocol l~j{om |dk~k ok| mkfhjox f~k cox}~{h}km

co }dkc~ m{}ckx/

Mkfhjox G{x} Nk J~mfcokm ”Ok|as kakh}km mkfhjox hfooj} icaa }dkc~

jiichk {o}ca }dks dfyk nkko j~mfcokm ns fo j~mfcokm pfx}j~ h{~~ko}as h~kmko'

}cfakm ns }dk hjoik~kohk/

]dk xfh~km ~c}k ji j~mcof}cjo xdj{am nk hdf~fh}k~crkm ns xcgpachc}s

fom pk~ij~gkm co }dk p~kxkohk ji }dk hd{~hd/ ]dk pfx}j~ gfs lcyk f n~cki

j{}acok ji }dk ncnachfa jiichk ji mkfhjo! }dk v{fac}ckx ~kv{c~km ij~ xk~ychk!

fom }dk p~cohcpfa m{}ckx mkfhjox f~k f{}dj~crkm }j pk~ij~g/ Fi}k~ f xdj~}ktdj~}f}cjo }j ifc}di{aokxx co xk~ychk! }dk pfx}j~! fxxcx}km ns fo kamk~ |dk~k

fpp~jp~cf}k! j~mfcox }dk mkfhjox ns p~fsk~ fom }dk afscol jo ji dfomx/

$Xkk p/ 84/#

Ci }dks ~k}fco hd{~hd gkgnk~xdcp! mkfhjox! johk j~mfcokm! mj oj} dfyk

}j nk j~mfcokm flfco ci }dks gjyk }dkc~ gkgnk~xdcpx }j j}dk~ hd{~hdkx/

\dko }dk }k~g ij~ |dchd }dks |k~k kakh}km ktpc~kx! }dks g{x} nk ~kkakh}km

ci }dks f~k }j hjo}co{k }j xk~yk fx mkfhjox/

Kamk~x x{nxkv{ko}as kakh}km fx mkfhjox okkm oj} nk j~mfcokm fx mkfhjoxnkhf{xk j~mcof}cjo fx kamk~ hjyk~x }dcx jiichk/

Mkfhjox Oj} F{}dj~crkm }j P~kxcmk ”Mkfhjox f~k oj} f{}dj~crkm }j

p~kxcmk f} fos ji }dk j~mcofohkx ji }dk hd{~hd j~ n{xcokxx gkk}colx fom hfo'

oj} pk~ij~g }dk gf~~cflk hk~kgjos j~ jiichcf}k f} }dk ~khkp}cjo j~ }~foxik~

ji gkgnk~x/

Ci f hd{~hd dfx oj jok f{}dj~crkm }j pk~ij~g x{hd m{}ckx! c} xdfaa hjo}fh}

}dk hjoik~kohk ij~ fxxcx}fohk/

M{}ckx ji Mkfhjox ”]dk |j~e ji mkfhjox coyjaykx f |cmk ~folk ji xk~'

ychkx ij~ }dk hd{~hd! coha{mcol2

6/ Fxxcx}fohk f} Xk~ychkx fom Gkk}colx ”Mkfhjox f~k {x{faas ~kxpjoxcnak ij~

|kahjgcol gkgnk~x fom ycxc}j~x fx }dks ko}k~ }dk hd{~hd fom ij~ fxxcx}col

}dkg! |dk~k okhkxxf~s! }j icom xkf}x/ ]dks faxj hjjpk~f}k |c}d }dk pfx}j~ fom

kamk~x ij~ xgjj}d i{oh}cjocol ji faa gkk}colx/>/ Ycxc}f}cjo ji Gkgnk~x ”Co gfos hd{~hdkx ycxc}f}cjo cx f~~folkm ns mcx'

}~cn{}col gkgnk~xdcp ns mcx}~ch}x fom fxxclocol f mkfhjo }j kfhd mcx}~ch} |c}d

}dk ktpkh}f}cjo }df} dk |caa ycxc} kfhd djgk f} akfx} johk f v{f~}k~/

8/ P~kpf~f}cjo ij~ Nfp}cxgfa Xk~ychkx ”Mkfhjox gfek okhkxxf~s p~kpf~f'

}cjox ij~ nfp}cxgfa xk~ychkx/ $Xkk p/ =3/#

=/ Fxxcx}fohk f} Hjgg{ocjo Xk~ychk ”F} }dk hkakn~f}cjo ji }dk j~mcofohk

AJHFA HD[^HD JIICHK^X FOM J^LFOCRF]CJOX <<



ji ijj}'|fxdcol! }dk mkfhjox j~ mkfhjokxxkx p~jycmk kyk~s}dcol okkmkm ij~

}dk xk~ychk! x{hd fx }j|kax! nfxcox! |f}k~! fom n{hek}x/ Fi}k~ }dk xk~ychk }dks

xkk }df} }dk {}koxcax fom acoko f~k |fxdkm fom p~jpk~as x}j~km/^kgfcocol n~kfm fom |cok xdj{am oj} nk hjox{gkm! n{} mcxpjxkm ji co

f ~kxpkh}i{a gfook~ ns mkfhjox fom mkfhjokxxkx ijaaj|col }dk Aj~m–x X{ppk~/

;/ Hf~k ji }dk Xche fom Fcmcol }dk Pjj~ fom [oij~}{of}k ”Mkfhjox fom mkf'

hjokxxkx f~k hdf~lkm |c}d fxxcx}col }dk xche! pjj~! fom {oij~}{of}k fom

xdj{am ekkp }dk hd{~hd coij~gkm ji }dkc~ okkmx fom koacx} }dk x{ppj~} ji

gkgnk~x/ Gjoks xdj{am nk p~jycmkm ij~ }dcx |j~e i~jg }dk i{om ij~ }dk

pjj~ fom okkms/ ]dk }~kfx{~k~! jo ~khjggkomf}cjo i~jg }dk njf~m! |caa

pfxx jyk~ }j }dk mkfhjox j~ mkfhjokxxkx |df}kyk~ gfs nk okkmkm ij~ {xk cookkms hfxkx/

9/ Hf~k fom Gfco}kofohk ji P~jpk~}s ”Co hd{~hdkx |dk~k }dk ~kxpjoxcncac}s

ij~ }dk hf~k fom gfco}kofohk ji hd{~hd p~jpk~}s cx oj} fxxclokm }j f n{camcol

hjggc}}kk! mkfhjox fom mkfhjokxxkx dfyk }dcx ~kxpjoxcncac}s/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (8!

p/ 69</#

Mkfhjokxxkx

Mkfhjokxxkx |k~k coha{mkm co }dk jiichcfa x}fii ji }dk kf~as Hd~cx}cfo

hd{~hdkx/

‑C hjggkom }j sj{ Pdjknk j{~ xcx}k~! |dj cx f xk~yfo} ji }dk hd{~hd

UmkfhjokxxW co Hkohd~kf! }df} sj{ gfs ~khkcyk dk~ co }dk Aj~m co f gfook~

|j~}ds ji }dk xfco}x! fom fxxcx} dk~ co |df}kyk~ n{xcokxx xdk dfx okkm ji sj{5

ij~ comkkm xdk dfx nkko f dkapk~ ji gfos fom ji gsxkai faxj‗ $^jg/ 6926! >#/

Mkfhjokxxkx xdj{am nk hdjxko ij~ }dkc~ hjoxkh~f}cjo fom j}dk~ v{facic'

hf}cjox }df} ic} }dkg ij~ }dk m{}ckx ji }dk jiichk/

Njf~m ji Mkfhjokxxkx ”Ci f hd{~hd kakh}x xkyk~fa mkfhjokxxkx! c} xdj{am

j~lfocrk f njf~m ji mkfhjokxxkx hdfc~km ns }dk dkfm mkfhjokxx fom foj}dk~

mkfhjokxx xk~ycol fx xkh~k}f~s/ ]dcx njf~m cx f{}dj~crkm }j fxxclo m{}ckx }j co'

mcycm{fa mkfhjokxxkx fom hjjpk~f}kx hajxkas |c}d }dk njf~m ji mkfhjox! kxpk'

hcfaas co |kahjgcol gkgnk~x fom ycxc}j~x fom co djgk ycxc}f}cjo/ $Xkk

pp/ <9! <</# C} faxj p~jycmkx f }~fcocol l~j{om |dk~k ok| mkfhjokxxkx f~k co'x}~{h}km co }dkc~ m{}ckx/

J~mcof}cjo Xk~ychk ij~ Mkfhjokxxkx ”X{hd f xk~ychk |j{am nk hf~~ckm

j{} ns fo j~mfcokm pfx}j~ h{~~ko}as h~kmko}cfakm ns }dk hjoik~kohk/ ]dk j~'

mcof}cjo xk~ychk xdj{am nk hdf~fh}k~crkm ns xcgpachc}s fom pk~ij~gkm co }dk

p~kxkohk ji }dk hd{~hd/

<4 HD[^HD GFO[FA



Ci }dks ~k}fco hd{~hd gkgnk~xdcp! mkfhjokxxkx mj oj} dfyk }j nk j~'

mfcokm flfco ci }dks gjyk }dkc~ gkgnk~xdcpx }j j}dk~ hd{~hdkx/ \dko }dk

}k~g ij~ |dchd }dks |k~k kakh}km ktpc~kx! }dks g{x} nk ~kkakh}km ci }dks f~k}j hjo}co{k }j xk~yk fx mkfhjokxxkx/

M{}ckx ji Mkfhjokxxkx ”Mkfhjokxxkx xk~yk }dk hd{~hd co f |cmk yf~ck}s

ji fh}cyc}ckx! coha{mcol2

6/ L~kk}col fom Ycxc}col L{kx}x fom Gkgnk~x ”Co gfos hd{~hdkx! mkf'

hjokxxkx fxxcx} co l~kk}col l{kx}x fom gkgnk~x f} gkk}colx fom co ycxc}col

gkgnk~x co }dkc~ djgkx |dko }dks hfooj} f}}kom xk~ychkx/

>/ Fxxcx}fohk f} Nfp}cxgx ”Mkfhjokxxkx kox{~k }df} ikgfak hfomcmf}kx f~khf~km ij~ nj}d nkij~k fom fi}k~ }dk hk~kgjos/ ]dks faxj lcyk x{hd hj{oxka

fom dkap fx gfs nk okhkxxf~s ~klf~mcol x{c}fnak lf~gko}x ij~ nfp}cxg/ ^jnkx

ji x{c}fnak gf}k~cfa xdj{am nk p~jycmkm/ \dk~k ~jnkx f~k {xkm! }dk mkf'

hjokxxkx xdj{am xkk }df} }dks f~k af{omk~km fom hf~ki{aas x}j~km/ $Xkk p/ =3/#

8/ F~~folkgko}x ij~ }dk Hjgg{ocjo Xk~ychk ”Mkfhjokxxkx fom mkfhjox f~'

~folk ij~ kyk~s}dcol okkmkm ij~ }dcx xk~ychk fom xkk }df} kyk~s}dcol {xkm cx

hf~km ij~ fi}k~|f~m/ $Xkk p/ 6>6/#

Nkij~k }dk hjgg{ocjo xk~ychk nklcox! mkfhjokxxkx gfek f~~folkgko}xij~ }dk hjgg{ocjo }fnak! coha{mcol p~kpf~col }dk n~kfm fom |cok! f~~folcol

}dk j~mcofohk }fnak! pj{~col }dk |cok! pafhcol }dk paf}kx ji {oakfykokm

n~kfm! fom hjyk~col }dk }fnak |c}d }dk acoko p~jycmkm ij~ }df} p{~pjxk/

Mkfhjokxxkx fxxcx} co }dk j~mcofohk ji ijj}'|fxdcol! lcycol xpkhcfa fcm }j

|jgko ycxc}j~x fom ok| gkgnk~x/

=/ ]dk Hf~k ji }dk Xche fom }dk Pjj~ ”Mkfhjokxxkx fxxcx} mkfhjox co hf~col

ij~ }dk xche! okkms! fom {oij~}{of}k/ $Xkk p/ <4/#

;/ Hf~k fom Gfco}kofohk ji P~jpk~}s ”Co hd{~hdkx |dk~k }dk ~kxpjoxcncac}s

ij~ }dk hf~k fom gfco}kofohk ji hd{~hd p~jpk~}s cx oj} fxxclokm }j f n{camcol

hjggc}}kk! mkfhjox fom mkfhjokxxkx dfyk }dcx ~kxpjoxcncac}s/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (8!

p/ 69</#

Hak~e

G{hd ji }dk kiichcko} i{oh}cjocol ji }dk hd{~hd mkpkomx jo }dk |j~eji }dk hak~e/ Nkhf{xk ji }dk cgpj~}fo} fom xpkhcfacrkm i{oh}cjox ji }dcx jiichk!

c} cx |cxk }j hdjjxk jok |dj hfo nk ~kkakh}km }j p~jycmk hjo}co{c}s co ~khj~m

ekkpcol fom ~kpj~}col/ Af~lk hd{~hdkx gfs kakh} fxxcx}fo} hak~ex fx okkmkm/

\dko }dk hak~e! fx xkh~k}f~s! hfooj} f}}kom f n{xcokxx gkk}col! }dk hak~e

xdj{am f~~folk ij~ fo fxxcx}fo} }j nk p~kxko} }j }fek }dk gco{}kx/ $Xkk Oj}kx!

(=! p/ 694/#




Oj Ofgkx Fmmkm j~ ^kgjykm \c}dj{} Yj}k ”]dk hak~e dfx oj f{}dj~'

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|caa ~khj~m }dk mf}k ji }dk mkf}d co }dk gkgnk~xdcp ~khj~m/ $Xkk p/ ;;/#

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gkgnk~x fom hd{~hdkx co }dk }~foxik~~col ji gkgnk~xdcpx/ $Xkk pp/ ;>';;/#

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|c}d fnxko} gkgnk~x/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (;! p/ 694/#

Oj}chk ji Mkaklf}kx ij~ Hjoik~kohk Xkxxcjox ”]dk hak~e! jo f{}dj~crf'

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~kp~kxko} }dk hd{~hd f} f hjoik~kohk xkxxcjo! {xcol nafoex j~ ij~gx p~jycmkm

ns }dk hjoik~kohk/ $Xkk p/ 660/#

^kpj~}x }j Nk I{~ocxdkm P~jgp}as ”]dk hak~e g{x} p~jgp}as i{~ocxd

~kpj~}x ~kv{kx}km ns }dk hjoik~kohk/ Xjgk f~k v{f~}k~as! j}dk~x foo{fa/ C} cxkxxko}cfa }df} ~kpj~}x nk xko} }j }dk hjoik~kohk xkh~k}f~s |c}dco }dk }cgk

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j}dk~ j~lfocrf}cjox ji }dk |j~am Hd{~hd/ ]dk hak~e hjaakh}x coij~gf}cjo ij~

}dkxk ~kpj~}x i~jg }dk j}dk~ jiichk~x fom mkpf~}gko} akfmk~x/

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ji hdcam~ko/ ]dk hjj~mcof}j~ xdj{am dfyk akfmk~xdcp fncac}s fx |kaa fx ktpk'

~ckohk fom pfxxcjo ij~ |j~ecol |c}d hdcam~ko/

]dk hdcam~ko–x gcocx}~ckx hjj~mcof}j~ |j~ex |c}d }dk pfx}j~ fom njf~m }jkx}fnacxd f hdcam~ko–x gcocx}~ckx hjggc}}kk }j p~jycmk gcocx}~ckx ij~ hdcam~ko/

]dk hjggc}}kk xdj{am hjoxcx} ji comcycm{fax |c}d co}k~kx} fom ktpk~ckohk co

|j~ecol |c}d hdcam~ko/ J~mcof~cas }dk gkgnk~x coha{mk Xfnnf}d xhdjja mcyc'

xcjo akfmk~x! Yfhf}cjo Ncnak Xhdjja akfmk~! Fmyko}cx} B{ocj~ Sj{}d akfmk~x! fom

}|j }j }d~kk j}dk~x |dj dfyk f pfxxcjo ij~ gcocx}~s }j hdcam~ko/

Ci }dk hd{~hd dfx f hdcam~ko–x gcocx}~ckx mkpf~}gko}! Yfhf}cjo Ncnak

AJHFA HD[^HD JIICHK^X FOM J^LFOCRF]CJOX 4;



Xhdjjax! hdcam~ko–x n~fohd Xfnnf}d xhdjjax! Okcldnj~djjm Ncnak Ha{nx! fom

X}j~s Dj{~x! }dks |caa hjgk {omk~ }dk mc~kh}cjo ji hdcam~ko–x gcocx}~ckx/

$Xkk p/ 4;/#Kyk~sjok coyjaykm co |j~e |c}d hdcam~ko g{x} gkk} Hd{~hd fom aklfa

x}fomf~mx fom ~kv{c~kgko}x! x{hd fx nfhel~j{om hdkhex j~ hk~}cichf}cjo/

Ajhfa hd{~hd akfmk~x xdj{am hjox{a} |c}d }dk hjoik~kohk! |dchd |caa fxhk~'

}fco fom fmycxk fx }j |df} nfhel~j{om hdkhex fom hk~}cichf}cjox f~k fyfcafnak

fom*j~ ~kv{c~km/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (<! pp/ 694! 693/#

^kxj{~hkx ”Ij~ hdcam~ko–x gcocx}~ckx ~kxj{~hkx! xkk Oj}kx! (4! p/ 693/

Hjgg{ochf}cjo

Hjgg{ochf}cjo gcocx}~s hfaax ij~ }dk x{ppj~} ji kyk~s afspk~xjo!

Hd{~hd kgpajskk! fom Hd{~hd cox}c}{}cjo/ ]dk hjgg{ochf}cjo mkpf~}gko}

p~jgj}kx }dk {xk ji f xj{om p~jl~fg ji p{nach ~kaf}cjox fom faa hjo}kgpj'

~f~s hjgg{ochf}cjo }khdocv{kx! x{x}fcofnak }khdojajlckx! fom gkmcf co }dk

p~jg{alf}cjo ji }dk ljxpka/ ]dk hd{~hd xdj{am kakh} f hjgg{ochf}cjo xkh'

~k}f~s fom! |dk~k okkmkm! f hjgg{ochf}cjo hjggc}}kk/‑\k g{x} }fek kyk~s b{x}cicfnak gkfox ji n~colcol }dk acld} nkij~k }dk

pkjpak/ Ak} }dk p~kxx nk {}cacrkm! fom ak} kyk~s fmyk~}cxcol flkohs nk kg'

pajskm }df} |caa hfaa f}}ko}cjo }j }dk |j~e/‗”9] 89/

‑Gkfox |caa nk mkycxkm }j ~kfhd dkf~}x/ Xjgk ji }dk gk}djmx {xkm co

}dcx |j~e |caa nk mciik~ko} i~jg }dk gk}djmx {xkm co }dk |j~e co }dk

pfx}/‗”Ky 60;/

Hjgg{ochf}cjo Xkh~k}f~s ”]dk hjgg{ochf}cjo xkh~k}f~s xdj{am dfyk

}dk fncac}s }j gkk} pkjpak fom ~cld}as ~kp~kxko} }dk Hd{~hd! xj{om b{ml'

gko}! ljjm j~lfocrf}cjo! kiikh}cyk |~c}col xecaax! fom f |caacolokxx }j hf~~s

j{} fxxclogko}x/

]dk xkh~k}f~s lf}dk~x fom mcxxkgcof}kx ok|x }j ajhfa gkmcf! hjjpk~f}kx

|c}d }dk hjoik~kohk hjgg{ochf}cjo mc~kh}j~! fom p~kxko}x pk~cjmch ~kpj~}x

}j }dk n{xcokxx gkk}col/ ]dk hjoik~kohk hjgg{ochf}cjo mkpf~}gko} p~j'

ycmkx fpp~jp~cf}k cox}~{h}cjo fom dkap }j hjgg{ochf}cjo xkh~k}f~ckx/]dk pfx}j~! |dj cx p~cgf~cas ~kxpjoxcnak ij~ }dk hjgg{ochf}cjo p~j'

l~fg ji }dk hd{~hd! |caa |j~e hajxkas co fo fmycxj~s hfpfhc}s |c}d }dk hjg'

g{ochf}cjo xkh~k}f~s j~ hjggc}}kk/

Fos mkpf~}gko} j~ j~lfocrf}cjo gfs fppjco} fo comcycm{fa }j p~jycmk

}dk hjgg{ochf}cjo xkh~k}f~s j~ hjggc}}kk |c}d coij~gf}cjo fnj{} ok|x'

|j~}ds kyko}x/

49 HD[^HD GFO[FA



Hjgg{ochf}cjo Hjggc}}kk ”Co f af~lk hd{~hd f hjgg{ochf}cjo hjg'

gc}}kk gfs gj~k fmkv{f}kas dfomak }dk gfos ifhk}x ji }dk p{nach ~kaf}cjox

fom hjgg{ochf}cjo p~jl~fg/ ]dk hd{~hd kakh}x }dk hjggc}}kk! fom }dkhjgg{ochf}cjo xkh~k}f~s xk~ykx fx hdfc~pk~xjo/ Gkgnk~x ji }dk hjggc}}kk

gfs nk fxxclokm xpkhcich hjgg{ochf}cjo ~kxpjoxcncac}ckx! x{hd fx |j~ecol

|c}d }dk p~kxx! gkmcf p~jm{hk~x fom joacok pk~xjooka! fom co}k~ofa hd{~hd

gkmcf/ Ci }dk~k cx f okf~ns Hd{~hd cox}c}{}cjo! f gkgnk~ ji c}x p{nach ~kaf'

}cjox j~ hjgg{ochf}cjo x}fii xdj{am nk coyc}km }j xc} |c}d }dk hjggc}}kk/

Hko}~fa Hjgg{ochf}cjo Hjggc}}kk ”Ci xkyk~fa hd{~hdkx co fo f~kf f~'

~folk ij~ f hko}~fa hjgg{ochf}cjo hjggc}}kk! }dk hjgg{ochf}cjo xkh~k}f~sji kfhd hd{~hd xdj{am nk f gkgnk~ fom xdj{am |j~e co df~gjos |c}d fos

lkok~fa pafo }df} |caa nk}}k~ hjj~mcof}k }dk dfomacol ji ok|x fom j}dk~ gkmcf

fh}cyc}ckx ij~ }dk hjjpk~f}col hd{~hdkx/ ]dk kx}fnacxdgko} ji }dcx hjggc}}kk

|j{am nk coc}cf}km ns }dk hjoik~kohk hjgg{ochf}cjo mc~kh}j~/ Gkk}colx ji

}dk hko}~fa hjggc}}kk |j{am nk hfaakm fom p~kxcmkm jyk~ ns f hdfc~pk~xjo

xkakh}km ns }dk l~j{p/

Km{hf}cjo

Hd{~hd ko}c}ckx jpk~f}k xhdjjax i~jg ecomk~lf~}ko }d~j{ld {ocyk~xc}s

akykax ij~ }dk p{~pjxk ji }~foxgc}}col }j x}{mko}x }dk Hd{~hd–x cmkfax! nkackix!

f}}c}{mkx! yfa{kx! dfnc}x! fom h{x}jgx/ ]dk xj{~hk! }dk gkfox! fom }dk fcg ji

Fmyko}cx} km{hf}cjo f~k f }~{k eoj|akmlk ji Ljm! ikaaj|xdcp fom hjgpfo'

cjoxdcp |c}d Dcg co x}{ms fom xk~ychk! fom acekokxx }j Dcg co hdf~fh}k~ mk'

ykajpgko}/

Km{hf}cjo Xkh~k}f~s ”]dk hd{~hd kakh}x fo km{hf}cjo xkh~k}f~s }j p~j'

gj}k fom lkok~f}k x{ppj~} ij~ Hd~cx}cfo km{hf}cjo/ ]dk xkh~k}f~s cx f gkg'

nk~ ji }dk Djgk fom Xhdjja Fxxjhcf}cjo ktkh{}cyk hjggc}}kk fom |j~ex co

hjjpk~f}cjo |c}d }dk fxxjhcf}cjo/

Djgk fom Xhdjja Fxxjhcf}cjo ”F hd{~hd |c}d f xhdjja xdfaa kx}fnacxd f

Djgk fom Xhdjja Fxxjhcf}cjo! }dk p{~pjxk ji |dchd cx }j p~jycmk pf~ko} km'{hf}cjo fom {oc}k }dk djgk! }dk xhdjja! fom }dk hd{~hd co komkfyj~x }j p~j'

ycmk Hd~cx}cfo km{hf}cjo ij~ }dk hdcam~ko/ Pf~ko}x ji x}{mko}x! xhdjja pf}~jox!

fom hd{~hd gkgnk~x xdj{am nk kohj{~flkm }j nk fh}cyk gkgnk~x ji }dk fx'

xjhcf}cjo/

Djgk fom Xhdjja Fxxjhcf}cjo jiichk~x xdfaa nk f akfmk~! fxxcx}fo} akfmk~!

xkh~k}f~s'}~kfx{~k~! acn~f~cfo! fom }dk km{hf}cjofa xkh~k}f~s/ $Xkk p/ 6<>/# ]j

AJHFA HD[^HD JIICHK^X FOM J^LFOCRF]CJOX 4<



lcyk hjo}co{c}s! xjgk ji }dk jiichk~x xdj{am nk kakh}km ij~ xkhjom }k~gx/ Faa

xdfaa nk gkgnk~x ji }dk hd{~hd/

]dk akfmk~ ji }dk fxxjhcf}cjo xdfaa nk f gkgnk~ |c}d x{hhkxx co }~fcocolhdcam~ko! |djxk gcom cx jpko }j ok| cmkfx! fom |dj nkackykx co }dk cgpj~'

}fohk ji Hd~cx}cfo km{hf}cjo/

]dk xkh~k}f~s'}~kfx{~k~ ekkpx }dk ~khj~mx ji }dk fxxjhcf}cjo fom ~kpj~}x

}j }dk mc~kh}j~ ji }dk hjoik~kohk km{hf}cjo mkpf~}gko} f} }dk nklcoocol fom

kom ji kfhd xhdjja skf~/ Fxxjhcf}cjo i{omx f~k hdfookakm }d~j{ld }dk

hd{~hd*xhdjja }~kfx{~k~! ekp} fx f xkpf~f}k fhhj{o}! fom f{mc}km {omk~ mk'

ojgcof}cjofa pjachs/

]dk p~cohcpfa cx fo kt jiichcj gkgnk~ ji }dk Djgk fom XhdjjaFxxjhcf}cjo hjggc}}kk/

Hd{~hd Xhdjja Njf~m ”]dk fmgcocx}~f}cyk njms ji kyk~s kakgko}f~s $p~c'

gf~s# xhdjja fom b{ocj~ fhfmkgs $pf~}cfa dcld xhdjja# jpk~f}km ns jok hd{~hd

xdfaa nk f hd{~hd xhdjja njf~m kakh}km ns }dk hd{~hd j~ f xhdjja hjggc}}kk fp'

pjco}km ns }dk hd{~hd njf~m/ ]d{x }dcx njms gfs nk f xkpf~f}k xhdjja njf~m! }dk

hd{~hd njf~m! j~ f xhdjja hjggc}}kk ji }dk hd{~hd njf~m fppjco}km ij~ }dcx p{~'

pjxk/ Mcycxcjo |j~ecol pjachckx ktpafco }dk i{oh}cjox ji xhdjja njf~mx/Xhdjja njf~m gkgnk~x xdj{am nk hdjxko ij~ }dkc~ hjoxkh~f}cjo! }dkc~

nkacki co fom ajsfa}s }j }dk p~cohcpakx ji Hd~cx}cfo km{hf}cjo! }dkc~ ljjm b{ml'

gko} fom }fh}! }dkc~ ktpk~ckohk co xhdjja gf}}k~x! fom }dkc~ icofohcfa b{ml'

gko} fom fncac}s/ ]dks xdj{am nkackyk co fom nk |caacol }j ijaaj|

mkojgcof}cjofa km{hf}cjofa pjachckx fom ~khjggkomf}cjox/

Ci }|j j~ gj~k hd{~hdkx bjco}as jpk~f}k |df} cx eoj|o fx f g{a}chjo'

x}c}{ko} xhdjja! }dk fmgcocx}~f}cyk njms xdfaa nk m~f|o i~jg }dk hjox}c}{ko}

hd{~hdkx/

Jok j~ gj~k gkgnk~x ji }dk xhdjja njf~m xdj{am nk hdjxko i~jg

fgjol }dk gkgnk~x ji }dk hd{~hd njf~m! xj }df} }dk xhdjja njf~m gfs nk

hajxkas ~kaf}km }j }dk hd{~hd njf~m/

]dk pfx}j~ xdj{am nk f gkgnk~ ji }dk xhdjja njf~m/ Ci }dk xhdjja cx jp'

k~f}km ns gj~k }dfo jok hd{~hd! lkok~faas }dk pfx}j~x ji }dk pf~}chcpf}col

hd{~hdkx hjohk~okm f~k gkgnk~x ji }dk njf~m/

Co b{ocj~ fhfmkgckx fom kakgko}f~s xhdjjax! }dk p~cohcpfa j~ dkfm}kfhdk~ xdj{am nk f gkgnk~ ji }dk njf~m/

Xjgk gkgnk~x ji }dk njf~m gfs nk pf~ko}x ji hdcam~ko f}}komcol }dk

xhdjja! xj }dk njf~m gfs p~jic} i~jg pf~ko}fa yck|pjco}x fom hj{oxka ~kx{a}'

col i~jg hajxk jnxk~yf}cjo fom ktpk~ckohk/

]dk xhdjja njf~m jiichk~x xdfaa nk f hdfc~pk~xjo fom f xkh~k}f~s/ Ci }dk

xhdjja cx jpk~f}km ns jok hd{~hd! }dk hd{~hd kakh}x }dk hdfc~pk~xjo/

44 HD[^HD GFO[FA



Co g{a}chjox}c}{ko} xhdjja njf~mx! fmmc}cjofa jiichk~x xdfaa coha{mk f }~kf'

x{~k~! f ychk hdfc~pk~xjo! fom fo fxxcx}fo} xkh~k}f~s/ F} c}x ic~x} gkk}col fi}k~

c}x kakh}cjo! f {ocjo xhdjja njf~m kakh}x c}x j|o hdfc~pk~xjo i~jg fgjol c}xgkgnk~x/ Co }dk kyko} }df} fl~kkgko} nk}|kko }dk hd{~hdkx cx oj} pjxxcnak!

}dk fppjco}gko} |caa nk gfmk ns }dk hjoik~kohk njf~m ji km{hf}cjo j~ }dk

hjoik~kohk hjggc}}kk/ ]dk p~cohcpfa ji }dk xhdjja lkok~faas cx fppjco}km

xkh~k}f~s ji }dk njf~m/

Fos fh}cjo ji f g{a}chjox}c}{ko} xhdjja njf~m }df} coyjaykx }dk x{ppj~}'

col hd{~hdkx co icofohcfa jnaclf}cjox g{x} nk x{ngc}}km }j }dkc~ ~kxpkh}cyk

njf~mx ij~ fpp~jyfa/

\dk~k f xkpf~f}k xhdjja njf~m cx kakh}km! jok ji }|j pafox gfs nk ija'aj|km }j kx}fnacxd }cgk ji kakh}cjo fom }k~g ji jiichk2 $6# faa }dk gkgnk~x

gfs nk kakh}km f} }dk hajxk ji }dk hfakomf~ j~ icxhfa skf~ fom i{oh}cjo ij~ jok

skf~5 $># }dk gkgnk~x ji }dk ic~x} njf~m gfs nk hdjxko ij~ }k~gx ji jok! }|j!

fom }d~kk skf~x! ~kxpkh}cykas! |c}d ~kpafhkgko} gkgnk~x nkcol hdjxko kfhd

x{hhkkmcol skf~ ij~ f }k~g ji }d~kk skf~x/ ]dk p{~pjxk ji }dcx pafo cx }j dfyk

f o{hak{x ji ktpk~ckohkm gkgnk~x jo }dk njf~m }j kox{~k f hjo}co{c}s ji

pjachs/ \dko f gcm}k~g yfhfohs cx icaakm! }dk ok| gkgnk~ xk~ykx }dk ~k'

gfcomk~ ji }dk j~clcofa }k~g/]dk xhdjja njf~m j~ xhdjja hjggc}}kk xdj{am gkk} f} f ~kl{af~ }cgk

fom pafhk f} akfx} johk kfhd gjo}d m{~col }dk xhdjja skf~/

]dk xhdjja njf~m hdfc~pk~xjo hfaax gkk}colx! p~kxcmkx! xkkx }df} }dk fh'

}cjox ji }dk njf~m f~k hf~~ckm j{}! fom hj{o}k~xclox faa icofohcfa j~mk~x cxx{km

ns }dk xkh~k}f~s/ ]dk hdfc~pk~xjo cx f gkgnk~ kt jiichcj ji }dk kakgko}f~s

xhdjja fom b{ocj~ fhfmkgs coxpkh}cjo hjggc}}kk! |dchd x{~yksx fom kyfa{'

f}kx }dk xhdjja fom c}x |j~e/

]dk xkh~k}f~s ekkpx f pk~gfoko} ~khj~m ji gkk}colx! cxx{kx j~mk~x ij~

gjoks }j pfs fhhj{o}x j~ jnaclf}cjox! fom hf~~ckx jo hj~~kxpjomkohk ij~ }dk

njf~m/

\dk~k jok hd{~hd jpk~f}kx f xhdjja! }dk |j~e ji }dk }~kfx{~k~ cx {x{faas

hf~~ckm ns }dk hd{~hd }~kfx{~k~ j~ fo fxxcx}fo} hd{~hd }~kfx{~k~! |dj ~khkcykx

}{c}cjo fom j}dk~ gjoks! pfsx j{} gjoks jo }dk j~mk~ ji }dk xkh~k}f~s

$hj{o}k~xclokm ns }dk hdfc~pk~xjo#! ekkpx f hf~ki{a fhhj{o} ji faa }~foxik~x!

fom f} kfhd gjo}das gkk}col lcykx f mk}fcakm ~kpj~} }j }dk njf~m/ Co f g{a'}chjox}c}{ko} njf~m! f }~kfx{~k~ cx fppjco}km ns }dk {ocjo njf~m/

Ifgcas Gcocx}~ckx

]dk jnbkh}cyk ji ifgcas gcocx}~ckx cx }j x}~kol}dko gf~~cflk fom }dk ifg'

cas/ ]dk ifgcas |fx kx}fnacxdkm ns mcycok h~kf}cjo |c}d gf~~cflk f} c}x hko}k~/




Fx }dk p~cgf~s xk}}col co |dchd yfa{kx f~k akf~okm fom }dk hfpfhc}s ij~ hajxk

~kaf}cjoxdcpx |c}d Ljm fom j}dk~x cx mkykajpkm! c}x dkfa}d cx yc}fa }j }dk

Hd{~hd–x mcxhcpak'gfecol gcxxcjo/Ifgcas gcocx}~ckx {pdjamx }dk ncnachfa }kfhdcol ~kaf}km }j }dk ifgcas

fom aci}x {p Ljm–x cmkfax ij~ ifgcas acycol/ F} }dk xfgk }cgk! c} n~colx fo

{omk~x}fomcol ji }dk n~jekookxx ktpk~ckohkm ns comcycm{fax fom ifgcackx co

f ifaako |j~am/ ]dk mkpf~}gko} ifhcac}f}kx {omk~x}fomcol! {oc}s! fom ajyk f}

djgk fom co }dk ifgcas ji Ljm/ C} ijx}k~x ~khjohcacf}cjo nk}|kko }dk lko'

k~f}cjox p~jgcxkm co }dk Kacbfd gkxxflk ji Gfafhdc =2;! 9 fom kt}komx djpk

fom x{ppj~} }j }djxk |dj dfyk nkko d{~} ns fn{xk! ifgcas msxi{oh}cjo! fom

n~jeko ~kaf}cjoxdcpx/ ^kaf}cjofa l~j|}d jppj~}{oc}ckx f~k p~jycmkm}d~j{ld ifgcas acik km{hf}cjo fom ko~chdgko}/ Comcycm{fax! gf~~ckm hj{'

pakx! fom ifgcackx f~k dkapkm }j fyfca }dkgxkaykx ji p~jikxxcjofa hj{oxkacol

|dko okhkxxf~s/

Gcocx}~s }j ifgcackx co }dk ajhfa hd{~hd ijh{xkx jo p~kgf~c}fa l{cmfohk

ij~ hj{pakx! gf~~cflk x}~kol}dkocol p~jl~fgx! fom }dk km{hf}cjo ji pf~ko}x/

Gcocx}~s }j ifgcackx faxj lcykx f}}ko}cjo }j }dk xpkhcfa okkmx ji xcolak pf~ko}x

fom x}kpifgcackx fom p~jycmkx cox}~{h}cjo co ifgcas'}j'ifgcas kyfolkacxg/

‑J{~ |j~e ij~ Hd~cx} cx }j nklco |c}d }dk ifgcas! co }dk djgk/ / / /]dk~k cx oj gcxxcjof~s ickam gj~k cgpj~}fo} }dfo }dcx/ / / / Ns gfos }dcx

djgk ickam dfx nkko xdfgki{aas oklakh}km! fom c} cx }cgk }df} mcycok ~kxj{~hkx

fom ~kgkmckx |k~k p~kxko}km! }df} }dcx x}f}k ji kyca gfs nk hj~~kh}km/‗”

FD 8;/

‑Ljm mkxclox }df} }dk ifgcackx ji kf~}d xdfaa nk f xsgnja ji }dk ifgcas co

dkfyko/ Hd~cx}cfo djgkx! kx}fnacxdkm fom hjom{h}km co fhhj~mfohk |c}d

Ljm–x pafo! f~k fgjol Dcx gjx} kiikh}cyk flkohckx ij~ }dk ij~gf}cjo ji

Hd~cx}cfo hdf~fh}k~ fom ij~ }dk fmyfohkgko} ji Dcx |j~e/‗”9] =80/

‑]dk gcxxcjo ji }dk djgk kt}komx nksjom c}x j|o gkgnk~x/ / / / If~

gj~k pj|k~i{a }dfo fos xk~gjo }df} hfo nk p~kfhdkm cx }dk coia{kohk ji f

}~{k djgk {pjo d{gfo dkf~}x fom acykx/‗”GD 8;>/

Ifgcas Gcocx}~ckx Akfmk~$x# ”Fo comcycm{fa j~ gf~~ckm hj{pak $xkk

pp/ 6=4'6;0 ij~ }dk Hd{~hd–x mkicoc}cjo ji gf~~cflk# gfs nk kakh}km }j xk~yk

fx ifgcas gcocx}~ckx akfmk~$x#/ ]dks xdj{am gjmka x}~jol fom l~j|col ifgcas~kaf}cjoxdcpx fom ktdcnc} f xcohk~k co}k~kx} co ijx}k~col }dk |kaa'nkcol ji faa

ifgcackx/ Co j~mk~ }j nk kiikh}cyk! }dk ifgcas gcocx}~ckx akfmk~$x# g{x} dfyk fo

{omk~x}fomcol ji Ljm–x ~kmkgp}cyk pafo ij~ mkfacol |c}d }dk n~jekookxx co

~kaf}cjoxdcpx }df} xco dfx n~j{ld}/ ]dk akfmk~$x# faxj g{x} gfco}fco fpp~jp~c'

f}k hjoicmko}cfac}s fom eoj| |dko fom dj| }j kohj{~flk comcycm{fax co h~c}'

chfa xc}{f}cjox }j xkke p~jikxxcjofa hj{oxkacol/

30 HD[^HD GFO[FA



Ifgcas Gcocx}~ckx Hjggc}}kk ”]dk njf~m gfs kx}fnacxd f ifgcas gco'

cx}~ckx hjggc}}kk hdfc~km ns }dk ifgcas gcocx}~ckx akfmk~$x#/

^kxj{~hkx ”Ij~ ifgcas gcocx}~ckx ~kxj{~hkx! xkk Oj}kx! (3! p/ 693/

Dkfa}d Gcocx}~ckx

]dk Hd{~hd nkackykx c}x ~kxpjoxcncac}s }j gfek Hd~cx} eoj|o }j }dk

|j~am coha{mkx f gj~fa jnaclf}cjo }j p~kxk~yk d{gfo mcloc}s ns p~jgj}col

jp}cgfa akykax ji pdsxchfa! gko}fa! fom xpc~c}{fa dkfa}d/

Co fmmc}cjo }j gcocx}k~col }j }djxk |dj f~k caa! }dcx ~kxpjoxcncac}s kt}komx}j }dk p~kyko}cjo ji mcxkfxk }d~j{ld kiikh}cyk dkfa}d km{hf}cjo fom akfmk~'

xdcp co p~jgj}col jp}cg{g dkfa}d! i~kk ji }jnfhhj! fahjdja! j}dk~ m~{lx! fom

{ohakfo ijjmx/ \dk~k pjxxcnak! gkgnk~x xdfaa nk kohj{~flkm }j ijaaj| f p~c'

gf~cas yklk}f~cfo mck}/

Dkfa}d Gcocx}~ckx Akfmk~ ”Ij~ pafoocol fom cgpakgko}col fo kiichcko}

p~jl~fg! }dk hd{~hd kakh}x f dkfa}d gcocx}~ckx akfmk~ fom! ci okkmkm! fo fxxj'

hcf}k akfmk~/ ]dk akfmk~ xdj{am nk dkfa}d'j~cko}km fom co}k~kx}km co p~jgj}'col }dk Hd{~hd–x x}fomf~mx co dkfa}di{a acycol fgjol gkgnk~x fom co }dk

hjgg{oc}s }d~j{ld hd{~hd'jpk~f}km dkfa}d gcocx}~ckx p~jl~fgx/ ]dk akfmk~

xdj{am nk fnak }j xh~kko p~jl~fgx fom coij~gf}cjo }df} f~k ~kp~kxko}f}cyk ji

}dk cmkfax fom pdcajxjpds ji }dk Hd{~hd fom }j co}kl~f}k }dkg co}j fo kiikh'

}cyk xpc~c}{fa fom pdsxchfa |c}okxx/

Dkfa}d Gcocx}~ckx Hj{ohca ”\dk~k p~fh}chfa! f hd{~hd gfs fppjco}

f dkfa}d gcocx}~ckx hj{ohca }j p~jycmk akfmk~xdcp }j nj}d gkgnk~x fom

hjgg{oc}s co }dk ickam ji dkfa}di{a acycol fom }j fxxcx} co hjjpk~f}cyk

xj{a'xfycol fh}cyc}ckx }d~j{ld f ycfnak p~jl~fg ji dkfa}d fom }kgpk~fohk

fom xpc~c}{fa kgpdfxcx/ ]dk hj{ohca! co hjaafnj~f}cjo |c}d }dk pk~xjofa

gcocx}~ckx hj{ohca! xdfaa akfm j{} co mkykajpcol f xhdkm{ak ji dkfa}d gco'

cx}~ckx fh}cyc}ckx }df} coha{mk x{hd p~jl~fgx fx x}jp'xgjecol pafox! hjje'

col xhdjjax! dkfa}d hafxxkx! x}~kxx'hjo}~ja p~jl~fgx! fom ~kaf}km

komkfyj~x/ Ci oj} xk~ycol fx hdfc~pk~xjo! }dk pfx}j~ xdj{am nk fo kt ji'ichcj gkgnk~/

Dkfa}d Gcocx}~ckx j~ ]kgpk~fohk Xjhck}s ”Co xjgk f~kfx f dkfa}d gco'

cx}~ckx j~ }kgpk~fohk xjhck}s gfs nk kx}fnacxdkm fx f xkpf~f}k ko}c}s mcx}coh}

i~jg Hd{~hd j~lfocrf}cjox/ ]dk hjoik~kohk dkfa}d gcocx}~ckx mc~kh}j~ xdj{am

nk coyjaykm co kx}fnacxdcol x{hd fo ko}c}s/




\j~am Dkfa}d Gcocx}~ckx Xfnnf}d Jiik~col ”]dk ko}c~k \j~am Dkfa}d

Gcocx}~ckx Xfnnf}d Jiik~col cx xko} }j }dk hjoik~kohk }j nk mcx}~cn{}km fh'

hj~mcol }j pjachs/ [pjo }dk hd{~hd–x ~kv{kx} }j }dk hjoik~kohk! {p }j >;pk~hko} ji }dk jiik~col ~khkcykm co }dk hd{~hd gfs ~kyk~} }j }dk hd{~hd ij~

dkfa}d gcocx}~ckx p~jl~fgx/

^kxj{~hkx ”Ij~ dkfa}d gcocx}~ckx ~kxj{~hkx! xkk Oj}kx! (60! p/ 693/

G{xch

Xkakh}col G{xch Hjj~mcof}j~x ”]dk hd{~hd xdj{am }fek l~kf} hf~k co xk'akh}col g{xch akfmk~x! hdjjxcol joas }djxk |dj f~k }dj~j{ldas hjoxkh~f}km

fom p~jycmk fpp~jp~cf}k g{xch ij~ faa hd{~hd |j~xdcp xk~ychkx fom gkk}colx/

Xkh{af~ g{xch j~ }df} ji f v{kx}cjofnak of}{~k xdj{am okyk~ nk co}~jm{hkm

co}j j{~ xk~ychkx/

G{xch akfmk~x xdj{am |j~e hajxkas |c}d }dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~x co j~mk~ }df}

g{xchfa xkakh}cjox df~gjocrk |c}d }dk xk~gjo }dkgk/ ]dk g{xch akfmk~ cx

{omk~ }dk mc~kh}cjo ji }dk pfx}j~ j~ kamk~x fom mjkx oj} |j~e comkpkomko}as/

]dk g{xch akfmk~ xdj{am hj{oxka |c}d }dkg fnj{} }dk g{xch }j nk ~komk~kmfom }dk xkakh}cjo ji xcolk~x fom g{xchcfox/

Xkakh}col G{xchcfox ”Xfh~km g{xch cx fo cgpj~}fo} pf~} ji p{nach |j~'

xdcp/ ]dk hd{~hd g{x} ktk~hcxk hf~k co xkakh}col hdjc~ gkgnk~x fom j}dk~

g{xchcfox |dj |caa ~cld}as ~kp~kxko} Hd{~hd p~cohcpakx/ ]dks xdj{am nk

gkgnk~x ji }dk hd{~hd! }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja! j~ }dk Fmyko}cx} Sj{}d Xjhck}s/

Nkhf{xk }dks jhh{ps f hjoxpch{j{x pafhk co hd{~hd xk~ychkx! }dks xdj{am nk

ktfgpakx ji gjmkx}s fom mkhj~{g co }dkc~ fppkf~fohk fom m~kxx/ Hdjc~

~jnkx f~k jp}cjofa/

Hd{~hdkx gfs dfyk g{a}cpak hdjc~x/ F hdcam~ko–x hdjc~ cx f gkfox ji

xpc~c}{fa o{~}{~k! njomcol }j }dk hd{~hd ifgcas! fom j{}~kfhd/

P{nach Fiifc~x fom ^kaclcj{x Acnk~}s

]dk p{nach fiifc~x fom ~kaclcj{x acnk~}s $PF^A# mkpf~}gko} p~jgj}kxfom gfco}fcox ~kaclcj{x acnk~}s! |c}d pf~}ch{af~ kgpdfxcx {pjo acnk~}s ji hjo'

xhckohk/ ^kaclcj{x acnk~}s coha{mkx }dk d{gfo ~cld} }j dfyk j~ fmjp} }dk ~k'

aclcjo ji jok–x hdjchk! }j hdfolk ~kaclcj{x nkacki fhhj~mcol }j hjoxhckohk! }j

gfocikx} jok–x ~kaclcjo comcycm{faas j~ co hjgg{oc}s |c}d ikaaj| nkackyk~x!

co |j~xdcp! jnxk~yfohk! p~fh}chk! |c}okxx! fom }kfhdcol! x{nbkh} }j ~kxpkh} ij~

}dk kv{cyfako} ~cld}x ji j}dk~x/

3> HD[^HD GFO[FA



^kaclcj{x Acnk~}s Akfmk~ ”]dk kakh}km ~kaclcj{x acnk~}s akfmk~ hjjpk~'

f}kx |c}d nj}d }dk pfx}j~ fom }dk hjoik~kohk j~ {ocjo PF^A mkpf~}gko}/

]dk akfmk~ xdj{am nk ji pjxc}cyk xpc~c}{fa coia{kohk! fnak }j gkk} }dk lkok~fap{nach! co}k~kx}km co p{nach fiifc~x! p~jichcko} fx f hj~~kxpjomko}! fom hjo'

hk~okm |c}d }dk p~kxk~yf}cjo ji acnk~}s ij~ Ljm–x pkjpak/

^kaclcj{x Acnk~}s Fxxjhcf}cjox ”Kfhd hd{~hd cx hjoxcmk~km fo coij~gfa

~kaclcj{x acnk~}s fxxjhcf}cjo! fom kyk~s hd{~hd gkgnk~ cx hjoxcmk~km f gkg'

nk~ ji }dk fxxjhcf}cjo/ ]dk pfx}j~ j~ fo kamk~ cx }dk hdfc~pk~xjo/

^kxj{~hkx ”Ij~ P{nach Fiifc~x fom ^kaclcj{x Acnk~}s ~kxj{~hkx! xkkOj}kx! (66! p/ 6<0/

P{nacxdcol Gcocx}~ckx

P{nacxdcol gcocx}~ckx hjj~mcof}kx fom p~jgj}kx ac}k~f}{~k kyfolkacxg

{omk~ x{pk~ycxcjo ji }dk p{nacxdcol gcocx}~ckx hj{ohca fom }dk fpp~jp~cf}k

p{nacxdcol j~lfocrf}cjo ij~ }dk }k~~c}j~s/ C} fxxcx}x j}dk~ mkpf~}gko}x co }dk

p~jgj}cjo! xfak! fom mcx}~cn{}cjo ji x{nxh~cp}cjo gflfrcokx fom j}dk~ gcx'xcjof~s ac}k~f}{~k/ ]dk mkpf~}gko} |j~ex |c}d }dk pfx}j~ fom j}dk~ mkpf~}'

gko}x co pafoocol ij~ xsx}kgf}ch |fsx }j coyjayk gkgnk~x co p{nacxdcol

gcocx}~ckx/

‑]dk~k f~k gfos pafhkx co |dchd }dk yjchk ji }dk gcocx}k~ hfooj} nk

dkf~m! pafhkx |dchd hfo nk ~kfhdkm joas ns j{~ p{nachf}cjox”}dk njjex! pf'

pk~x! fom }~fh}x icaakm |c}d }dk Ncnak }~{}dx }df} }dk pkjpak okkm/‗”HG =/

]dk gcxxcjo ji p{nacxdcol gcocx}~ckx cx kyfolkacxg fom }dk o{~}{~k ji

hd{~hd gkgnk~x/ Kaako L/ \dc}k kohj{~flkm gkgnk~x }j ‑xkaa j~ }j lcyk

f|fs j{~ ac}k~f}{~k/‗”HG 36/

Xkaacol ]d~j{ld Ac}k~f}{~k Kyfolkacx}x ”‑Ljm hfaax ij~ |j~ek~x i~jg

kyk~s hd{~hd fgjol {x }j ko}k~ Dcx xk~ychk fx hfoyfxxk~ kyfolkacx}x Uac}k~f}{~k

kyfolkacx}xW/‗”HG >0/

Lcycol F|fs $Xdf~col# ns Hd{~hd Gkgnk~x ”‑Ak} kyk~s nkackyk~ xhf}'}k~ n~jfmhfx} }~fh}x fom akfiak}x fom njjex hjo}fcocol }dk gkxxflk ij~ }dcx

}cgk/‗”HG >6/

P{nacxdcol Gcocx}~ckx Hjj~mcof}j~ ”]dk hd{~hd kakh}x f p{nacxdcol

gcocx}~ckx hjj~mcof}j~ }j p~jycmk akfmk~xdcp co ac}k~f}{~k kyfolkacxg fh}cyc'

}ckx/




P{nacxdcol Gcocx}~ckx Hj{ohca ”]dk njf~m fppjco}x }dk p{nacxdcol

gcocx}~ckx hj{ohca! |dchd |j~ex {omk~ }dk njf~m–x mc~kh}cjo/ ]dk p{nacxdcol

gcocx}~ckx hjj~mcof}j~ hdfc~x }dk hj{ohca/ ]dk pfx}j~! pk~xjofa gcocx}~ckxakfmk~! fom pk~xjofa gcocx}~ckx xkh~k}f~s xk~yk fx kt jiichcj gkgnk~x/

Gkgnk~x xdj{am dfyk co}k~kx} fom ktpk~ckohk co ac}k~f}{~k kyfolkacxg/

^kxj{~hkx ”Ij~ p{nacxdcol gcocx}~ckx ~kxj{~hkx! xkk Oj}kx! (6>! p/ 6<0/

Xfnnf}d Xhdjja fom Pk~xjofa Gcocx}~ckx

Xfnnf}d Xhdjja

]dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja! }dk p~cgf~s ~kaclcj{x km{hf}cjo p~jl~fg ji }dk

Hd{~hd! dfx ij{~ p{~pjxkx2 x}{ms ji }dk Xh~cp}{~k! ikaaj|xdcp! hjgg{oc}s

j{}~kfhd! fom |j~am gcxxcjo kgpdfxcx/ ]dk Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk Xfnnf}d

Xhdjja fom Pk~xjofa Gcocx}~ckx Mkpf~}gko} mcx}~cn{}kx }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja

Ncnak x}{ms l{cmk ij~ faa flk akykax! p~jycmkx mkxclox ij~ Xfnnf}d xhdjja p~j'

l~fggcol |c}dco }dk hjo}kt} ji }dk yf~cj{x |j~am mcycxcjo h{a}{~kx! p~jycmkx

~kxj{~hkx fom }~fcocol xsx}kgx ij~ Xfnnf}d xhdjja }kfhdk~x! fom p~jgj}kx|j~am gcxxcjo Xfnnf}d xhdjja jiik~colx/

‑]dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja cx fo cgpj~}fo} n~fohd ji }dk gcxxcjof~s |j~e! oj}

joas nkhf{xk c} lcykx }j sj{ol fom jam f eoj|akmlk ji Ljm–x \j~m! n{} nk'

hf{xk c} f|fekox co }dkg f ajyk ij~ c}x xfh~km }~{}dx! fom f mkxc~k }j x}{ms

}dkg ij~ }dkgxkaykx5 fnjyk faa! c} }kfhdkx }dkg }j ~kl{af}k }dkc~ acykx ns c}x

djas }kfhdcolx/‗”HX\ 60! 66/

‑]dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja! ci ~cld}as hjom{h}km! cx jok ji Ljm–x l~kf} cox}~{'

gko}fac}ckx }j n~col xj{ax }j f eoj|akmlk ji }dk }~{}d/‗”HX\ 66;/

Jiichk~x ji }dk Xfnnf}d Xhdjja Hj{ohca ”]dk hd{~hd kakh}x Xfnnf}d

xhdjja jiichk~x fom gkgnk~x ji }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja hj{ohca/ Jiichk~x coha{mk

}dk x{pk~co}komko} fom fos fxxcx}fo} x{pk~co}komko}x5 xkh~k}f~s fom fos fxxcx'

}fo} xkh~k}f~ckx5 f akfmk~ ij~ kfhd mcycxcjo! coha{mcol fm{a} fom kt}koxcjo mc'

ycxcjox5 hdcam~ko–x gcocx}~ckx hjj~mcof}j~ fom*j~ Yfhf}cjo Ncnak Xhdjja

mc~kh}j~5 fom Coykx}gko} xkh~k}f~s/]dk jiichk~x! }kfhdk~x! fom faa Xfnnf}d xhdjja gkgnk~x xdj{am hjjpk~f}k

|c}d j}dk~ mkpf~}gko}x co faa j{}~kfhd $gcxxcjof~s# |j~e! fx |kaa fx hf~~scol

jo Xfnnf}d xhdjja kyfolkacxg ns gkfox ji ~kl{af~ Xfnnf}d xhdjja hafxxkx fom

x{hd fh}cyc}ckx fx Mkhcxcjo Mfsx! pfx}j~x– Ncnak hafxxkx! Hjgg{oc}s L{kx}

Mfsx! Yfhf}cjo Ncnak Xhdjjax! fom n~fohd Xfnnf}d xhdjjax! coha{mcol

Okcldnj~djjm Ncnak Ha{nx fom X}j~s Dj{~x/

3= HD[^HD GFO[FA



]dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja hj{ohca cx }dk fmgcocx}~f}cyk njms ji }dk Xfnnf}d

xhdjja/ C} hjoxcx}x ji }dk x{pk~co}komko} $|dj xk~ykx fx hdfc~pk~xjo#! fos fx'

xcx}fo} x{pk~co}komko}x! xkh~k}f~s $|dj xk~ykx fx xkh~k}f~s#! fos fxxcx}fo} xkh'~k}f~ckx! mcycxcjo akfmk~x! Coykx}gko} xkh~k}f~s! pk~xjofa gcocx}~ckx akfmk~!

hdcam~ko–x gcocx}~ckx hjj~mcof}j~ fom*j~ Yfhf}cjo Ncnak Xhdjja mc~kh}j~! fo

kamk~ $fppjco}km ns }dk njf~m j~ ns }dk njf~m ji kamk~x#! fom }dk pfx}j~/

Fx xjjo fx pjxxcnak fi}k~ }dk jiichk~x f~k kakh}km! }dk x{pk~co}komko}

xdj{am hfaa f hj{ohca gkk}col }j fppjco}! fx okkmkm ij~ }dk yf~cj{x mcycxcjox!

j}dk~ jiichk~x |dj mj oj} xk~yk fx gkgnk~x ji }dk hj{ohca/ ]dkxk gfs co'

ha{mk fxxcx}fo} mcycxcjo akfmk~x! mcycxcjo xkh~k}f~ckx! g{xch mc~kh}j~x! pcfocx}x

fom*j~ j~lfocx}x! fom l~kk}k~x/Co fmmc}cjo }j }dk fppjco}km jiichk~x acx}km fnjyk! }dk hj{ohca x}{mckx }dk

okkm ji faa mcycxcjox fom l~j{px fom fppjco}x }kfhdk~x |djxk ofgkx f~k x{n'

gc}}km }j }dk njf~m ij~ fpp~jyfa/ ]j gfco}fco nj}d }dk co}kl~c}s ji }dk

Xfnnf}d xhdjja akxxjo h{~~ch{a{g fom }dk v{fac}s ji }kfhdcol! }dk hj{ohca

xdj{am ktk~hcxk l~kf} hf~k co hdjjxcol }kfhdk~x/ Pf~}ch{af~as |dko xkakh}col

}kfhdk~x ij~ }dk hdcam~ko–x mcycxcjox! }dk hj{ohca xdj{am hjox{a} |c}d mcycxcjo

akfmk~x/ Faa }kfhdk~x xdfaa nk gkgnk~x ji }dk hd{~hd co ~kl{af~ x}fomcol/

]dk hj{ohca cx ~kxpjoxcnak ij~ }dk x{hhkxxi{a jpk~f}cjo ji }dk ko}c~kXfnnf}d xhdjja }d~j{ld }dk x{pk~co}komko}/ ]dk hj{ohca xdj{am gkk} ~kl{'

af~as fx okkmkm/ ]dk hj{ohca xdj{am kox{~k }df} p~jl~fg dkapx fom gf}k~cfax!

coha{mcol }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja Ncnak x}{ms l{cmk p~kpf~km ns }dk Lkok~fa

Hjoik~kohk! f~k x{ppackm co x{iichcko} v{fo}c}ckx/

Xfnnf}d Xhdjja X{pk~co}komko} fom J}dk~ Xfnnf}d Xhdjja Jiichk~x ”]dk

x{pk~co}komko} cx }dk akfmcol jiichk~ ji }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja fom xdj{am nklco

pafoocol ij~ c}x xgjj}d fom kiikh}cyk jpk~f}cjo fx xjjo fx kakh}km/ ]dk x{'

pk~co}komko} xdj{am x{ppj~} }dk pafox fom kgpdfxkx ji }dk hjoik~kohk

Xfnnf}d xhdjja mkpf~}gko} fom xdj{am cgpakgko} mkhcxcjox ji }dk Xfnnf}d

xhdjja hj{ohca hjohk~ocol }dk jpk~f}cjo ji }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja/ ]dk hd{~hd

gfs kakh} jok j~ gj~k fxxcx}fo} x{pk~co}komko}x/

]dk xkh~k}f~s xdj{am hjgpak}k }dk v{f~}k~as ~kpj~} jo }dk fpp~jp~cf}k

ij~g cggkmcf}kas fi}k~ }dk afx} Xfnnf}d ji }dk v{f~}k~ fom gfca c} nkij~k }dk

mkfmacok }j }dk hjoik~kohk Xfnnf}d xhdjja fom pk~xjofa gcocx}~ckx mc~kh}j~x/]dk xkh~k}f~s faxj xdj{am pafhk f hjps co }dk xkh~k}f~s–x pk~gfoko} icak! lcyk

hjpckx }j }dk x{pk~co}komko} fom }dk pfx}j~! fom p~kxko} c} f} }dk n{xcokxx

gkk}col/

]dk Coykx}gko} xkh~k}f~s p~jgj}kx }dk Coykx}gko} pafo ij~ gcxxcjo

x{ppj~} co faa Xfnnf}d xhdjja mcycxcjox fom ekkpx faa gkgnk~x coij~gkm fx }dk

p~jl~fg p~jl~kxxkx/




]dk Yfhf}cjo Ncnak Xhdjja $YNX# mc~kh}j~ akfmx co j~lfocrcol! p~jgj}'

col! fom af{ohdcol hjgg{oc}s kyfolkacxg }d~j{ld }dk foo{fa YNX/ ]dk

hd{~hd gfs fxxclo }dcx ~kxpjoxcncac}s }j }dk hdcam~ko–x gcocx}~ckx hjj~mcof}j~/]dk hj{ohca gfs fppjco} f g{xch mc~kh}j~ ij~ }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja co

hjox{a}f}cjo |c}d mcycxcjo akfmk~x/ Fx fo ktp~kxxcjo ji |j~xdcp! g{xch xdj{am

laj~cis Ljm/ Xcolk~x fom j}dk~ g{xchcfox xdj{am nk fx hf~ki{aas xkakh}km fx f~k

}dk akfmk~x ij~ j}dk~ pf~}x ji }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja xk~ychk fom xdj{am nk gkf'

x{~km ns }dk xfgk x}fomf~mx/ $Xkk pp/ 3>! 6==/# ]dk hj{ohca faxj gfs fppjco}

pcfocx}x fom j~lfocx}x ij~ }dk mcycxcjox/

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akfmk~x fx okkmkm/ ]dk Xfnnf}d Xhdjja Dfomnjje! fyfcafnak i~jg }dk Fmyko}cx}

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gf}cjo fnj{} faa mcycxcjox! i~jg nklcook~x }d~j{ld fm{a} fom }dk kt}koxcjo

mcycxcjo! |dchd hf~kx ij~ }djxk {ofnak }j f}}kom Xfnnf}d xhdjja/

Xfnnf}d Xhdjja ]kfhdk~x ”]dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja hj{ohca hdjjxkx fom }dk

hd{~hd njf~m fpp~jykx Xfnnf}d xhdjja }kfhdk~x/ ]dks xdj{am dfyk fo fp}c'}{mk ij~ }kfhdcol fom nk |caacol }j x}{ms |fsx }j cgp~jyk }dkc~ }kfhdcol

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}komfohk! fom ktfgpakx co }dk mfcas x}{ms ji }dk Xfnnf}d xhdjja Ncnak x}{ms

l{cmk/

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f}k flk'akyka Xfnnf}d xhdjja Ncnak x}{ms l{cmk p{nacxdkm ns }dk Lkok~fa

39 HD[^HD GFO[FA



Hjoik~kohk fom*j~ mcycxcjo/ Xcgcaf~as! kyk~s akfmk~ fom }kfhdk~ xdj{am dfyk

fhhkxx }j }dk dkapx p~jm{hkm ij~ }dk yf~cj{x Xfnnf}d xhdjja mcycxcjox ns }dk

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xjjo fx pjxxcnak/ Kt}koxcjo mcycxcjo jiik~colx xdj{am nk fmmkm }j }dk ~kl{af~

Xfnnf}d xhdjja jiik~colx/ Gfos Xfnnf}d xhdjjax }fek jiik~colx ij~ Xfnnf}d

xhdjja ktpkoxk/ \c}d }dk kthkp}cjo ji }df} ktpkoxk i{om! faa Xfnnf}d xhdjjajiik~colx f~k ij~ }dk x{ppj~} ji }dk gcxxcjo ickamx fom f~k }j nk pfxxkm jo co

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~kl{af~ |kkeas Xfnnf}d xhdjja jiik~col! }dk ]dc~}kko}d Xfnnf}d Jiik~col!

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cmko}cickm fx f xkpf~f}k i{om co }dk icofohcfa xsx}kg ji }dk hd{~hd/ Gcxxcjo

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ns }dk hd{~hd j~ hjoik~kohk/

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mcycxcjo'fpp~jykm hjgncokm jiik~col pafo/

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Oj}kx! (68! p/ 6<0/

Pk~xjofa Gcocx}~ckx

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kiij~}x |c}d }djxk ji }dk pfx}j~ fom jiichk~x co xj{a'|coocol xk~ychk/ C} faxj

dfx p~cgf~s ~kxpjoxcncac}s ij~ p~jl~fgx fxxcx}col }djxk co okkm/

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mkpf~}gko}x fom f{tcacf~s xk~ychkx i{oh}cjocol co }df} hjol~klf}cjo/ ]dk

pk~xjofa gcocx}~ckx hj{ohca gfs fxxclo x{nhjggc}}kkx ij~ xpkhcfacrkm }fxex/

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AJHFA HD[^HD JIICHK^X FOM J^LFOCRF]CJOX 3<



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hd{~hd j{}~kfhd $gcxxcjof~s# Xfnnf}d xk~ychk fom n{xcokxx gkk}colx fnj{}

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fxxclokm }j hjj~mcof}k }dk Ncnak hj~~kxpjomkohk xhdjja! Ncnak kyfolkacxg!

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]dk xkh~k}f~s xk~ykx fx ~kp~kxko}f}cyk ji }dk Fmyko}cx} Njje Hko}k~ ij~

faa mkpf~}gko}x ji }dk hd{~hd fom |j~ex |c}d }dk akfmk~ co mkykajpcol }dk

j{}~kfhd $gcxxcjof~s# p~jl~fgx ji }dk hd{~hd/

Fmyko}cx} Gko ”Fmyko}cx} Gko cx f x{nxcmcf~s ji }dk pk~xjofa gcocx}~ckx

mkpf~}gko}/ C} coha{mkx afs p~kfhdcol kiij~}x! p~cxjo gcocx}~s! fom

Hjgg{oc}s Xk~ychkx/

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hjj~mcof}kx }dk hd{~hd–x Ncnak xhdjja j{}~kfhd gcocx}~s }j }dk hjgg{oc}s/

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mkfhjokxxkx/ Hjgg{oc}s Xk~ychkx*Mj~hfx gcocx}~s! dj|kyk~! coha{mkx gj~k

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cx}~ckx hj{ohca cx c}x ljyk~ocol hjggc}}kk/ ]dk hj{ohca fppjco}x }dk mc~kh}j~ ji }dk hko}k~! |dj cx f gkgnk~ ji }dk hj{ohca/

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}j gfek hd{~hd ifhcac}ckx gj~k fhhkxxcnak! dkap xjayk }~foxpj~}f}cjo p~jnakgx!

34 HD[^HD GFO[FA



fom ~khjggkom |fsx }j coyjayk gkgnk~x |c}d mcxfncac}ckx/ ]dk hjj~mcof}j~

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Oj}kx! (68! p/ 6<0/

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}dfo b{x} gjoks/ C} coha{mkx! n{} cx oj} acgc}km }j! }dk p~jpk~ hf~k fom {xk

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gkgnk~x co }dkc~ pf~}ok~xdcp |c}d Ljm co hjgpak}col Dcx gcxxcjo }d~j{ld

}dk p~jpk~ {}cacrf}cjo ji faa ji Dcx lci}x fom ~kxj{~hkx/

\dko }dk Xpc~c} ji Ljm }fekx pjxxkxxcjo ji }dk acik! ‑}djxk |djxk dkf~}x

f~k icaakm |c}d }dk ajyk ji Hd~cx} |caa ijaaj| }dk ktfgpak ji Dcg |dj ij~ j{~ xfek nkhfgk pjj~! }df} }d~j{ld Dcx pjyk~}s |k gcld} nk gfmk ~chd/

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}dks |caa yfa{k joas fx f gkfox ji fmyfohcol }dk |j~e ji }dk ljxpka/‗”

FF <6/

X}k|f~mxdcp Gcocx}~ckx Akfmk~ ”]dk x}k|f~mxdcp gcocx}~ckx akfmk~

xdj{am p~fh}chk }dk p~cohcpakx ji Hd~cx}cfo x}k|f~mxdcp fom xdj{am dfyk fo

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^kxj{~hkx ”Ij~ x}k|f~mxdcp gcocx}~ckx ~kxj{~hkx! xkk Oj}kx! (6=!

p/ 6<0/

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|jgko f~k ji cggkfx{~fnak |j~}d ns yc~}{k ji }dkc~ h~kf}cjo fom ~kmkgp'




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}dk hd{~hd/ ]dk ljfa ji FSX xdj{am nk }j coyjayk faa sj{}d co fh}cyc}ckx }df}

600 HD[^HD GFO[FA



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~c}s‗ $6 ]cg/ =26>#/

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LHN! Bfo/ >3! 80! 6438! p/ >=/

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akf~o }j |j~e ij~ Ljm/‗”L\ >60/

‑\c}d x{hd fo f~gs ji |j~ek~x fx j{~ sj{}d! ~cld}as }~fcokm! gcld} i{~'

ocxd! dj| xjjo }dk gkxxflk ji f h~{hcickm! ~cxko! fom xjjo'hjgcol Xfycj~

gcld} nk hf~~ckm }j }dk |djak |j~am&‗”GSP 639/

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jiichk~x/

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lkj{x dfom mkgfomx i~kxd! {oh~cppakm kok~lckx/ Sj{ol gko fom |jgko f~k

coyc}km }j lcyk Ljm }dk x}~kol}d ji }dkc~ sj{}d! }df} }d~j{ld }dk ktk~hcxk ji

}dkc~ pj|k~x! }d~j{ld ekko }dj{ld} fom yclj~j{x fh}cjo! }dks gfs n~col

laj~s }j Dcg fom xfayf}cjo }j }dkc~ ikaaj| gko/‗”L\ 9</




Fmyko}cx} Sj{}d Gcocx}~ckx Hjggc}}kk ”]dk Fmyko}cx} sj{}d gcocx}~ckx

hjggc}}kk cx }dk {gn~kaaf j~lfocrf}cjo co }dk hd{~hd ij~ }dk lkok~fa pafo'

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cx}~ckx akfmk~! sj{}d Xfnnf}d xhdjja mcycxcjo akfmk~! dkfa}d gcocx}~ckx akfmk~!

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hkxxi{a gcocx}~s/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (69! pp/ 6<0! 6<6/#

FSX Hjggc}}kk ”]dk FSX hjggc}}kk cx ~kxpjoxcnak ij~ xkocj~ sj{}d

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}dk Fmyko}cx} sj{}d gcocx}~ckx hjggc}}kk/ Ci }dk~k cx oj Fgnfxxfmj~!

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gkgnk~x co f b{ocj~ xjhck}s/

FSX Jiichk~x ”]dk hd{~hd kakh}x }dkxk FSX jiichk~x2 sj{}d akfmk~! fx'

xjhcf}k sj{}d akfmk~! xkh~k}f~s'}~kfx{~k~! fxxcx}fo} xkh~k}f~s'}~kfx{~k~! hdj~cx'}k~! pcfocx} j~ j~lfocx}! fom xpjoxj~ $|dj gfs nk fo kamk~#/ Xcohk g{xch pafsx

fo cgpj~}fo} ~jak co }dk ij~gf}cjo ji sj{}d hdf~fh}k~! g{xchcfox xdj{am nk

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xpjoxcncac}ckx/

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l{cmcol! hj{oxkacol! fom kohj{~flcol sj{}d! dkapcol }dkg lfco ktpk~ckohk

fom }dk bjsx ji fhdckykgko}/ ]dk akfmk~ xdj{am x}{ms }dk sj{}d p~jicak ji

}dk hd{~hd fom xkke }j coyjayk kyk~s sj{}d co }dk FSX/

]dk akfmk~ |caa ekkp co }j{hd |c}d }dk pfx}j~! }dk xpjoxj~! fom }dk hjo'

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]dk fxxjhcf}k akfmk~ $ci okkmkm# |caa fxxcx} }dk akfmk~ fom |caa hdfc~ }dk

FSX hjggc}}kk fom pk~ij~g akfmk~xdcp m{}ckx |dko }dk akfmk~ cx fnxko}/

]dk FSX hjggc}}kk gfs fxxclo fmmc}cjofa ~kxpjoxcncac}ckx }j }dk fxxjhcf}k

akfmk~/

]dk xkh~k}f~s'}~kfx{~k~ |caa ekkp f ~khj~m ji FSX fh}cyc}ckx! x{ngc}

60> HD[^HD GFO[FA



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}~kfx{~k~–x |j~e fx fxxclokm/

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fom }dkc~ coyjaykgko} co }dk hd{~hd–x gcocx}~ckx! fom |caa xk~yk fx f yfa{km

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]dk xpjoxj~ xdj{am nkhjgk fhv{fco}km |c}d }dk hjoik~kohk sj{}d

gcocx}~ckx mc~kh}j~ fom ekkp }dk mc~kh}j~ coij~gkm ji hdfolkx co jiichk~ pk~'

xjooka fom j}dk~ FSX gf}}k~x/ Fajol |c}d FSX jiichk~x! }dk xpjoxj~ xdj{am

f}}kom hjoik~kohk sj{}d }~fcocol cox}c}{}kx }j ekkp coij~gkm fnj{} mkykajp'

gko}x co sj{}d gcocx}~s/

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}k~gx/

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}~fcocol ji b{ocj~ sj{}d ij~ Hd~cx}cfo akfmk~xdcp fom xk~ychk fom }dk mkyka'

jpgko} ji gkgnk~x }j }dkc~ i{aakx} pj}ko}cfa/

Co hd{~hdkx |c}d xhdjjax }dk FBS cx pf~} ji }dk h{~~ch{a{g fom f }kfhdk~

cx FBS akfmk~ j~ xpjoxj~/ \dko }dk FBS cx hjom{h}km co }dk xhdjja! kfhd

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clof}km fx p~kpf~f}j~s gkgnk~x/ [ppk~'kakgko}f~s x}{mko}x f~k ~kl{af~

gkgnk~x/

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}fco fom fmycxk fx }j |df} nfhel~j{om hdkhex fom hk~}cichf}cjox f~k fyfcafnak


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l~fg }j gkk} }dk okkmx ji sj{}d! flkx 69 }d~j{ld >6/ C} jiik~x sj{ol pkjpak




co }dcx flk l~j{p j~lfocrf}cjo fom x}~{h}{~k! fom p~jgj}kx }dkc~ fh}cyk co'

yjaykgko} co }dk hd{~hd! ajhfaas fom lajnfaas/ ]dk ha{n cx mkxclokm }j

x}~kol}dko }dk h{~~ko} xkocj~ sj{}d*sj{ol fm{a} gcocx}~s ji }dk Hd{~hd/ C}hdfaakolkx }dkg }j ktpk~ckohk fom xdf~k f pk~xjofa ~kaf}cjoxdcp |c}d Hd~cx}!

dkapx }dkg mkykajp f acikx}sak }df} ic}x }dkc~ nkacki xsx}kg fom yjhf}cjofa co'

}k~kx}! fom p~jycmkx }dkg |c}d f xfik yko{k ij~ |djakxjgk mkykajpgko} ji

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hjoik~kohk pjachckx fom co hjj~mcof}cjo |c}d j}dk~ sj{}d*sj{ol fm{a} gco'

cx}~ckx ji }dk ajhfa hd{~hd/ ]dk Fgnfxxfmj~ Ha{n dfx f mc~kh}j~ fom fxxjhcf}k

mc~kh}j~$x#/ ]dk fxxjhcf}k mc~kh}j~$x# gfs faxj xk~yk fx }dk xkh~k}f~s fom }~kf'

x{~k~/ ]dk mc~kh}j~ cx f gkgnk~ ji }dk Fmyko}cx} Sj{}d Xjhck}s hjggc}}kk/

Pf}dicomk~ Ha{n ”]dk Pf}dicomk~ Ha{n p~jycmkx f hd{~hd'hko}k~km

j{}ak} ij~ }dk xpc~c} ji fmyko}{~k fom ktpaj~f}cjo ij{om co b{ocj~ sj{}d/ ]dcx

coha{mkx hf~ki{aas }fcaj~km fh}cyc}ckx co j{}mjj~ acycol! of}{~k ktpaj~f}cjo!

h~fi}x! djnnckx! j~ yjhf}cjox nksjom }dk pjxxcncac}ckx co fo fyk~flk FBS/ Co

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dfyk ~kpafhkm }dk }~fmc}cjofa FBS/ Ci }dk~k cx f xhdjja! }dk Pf}dicomk~ Ha{nxdj{am x{ppakgko} }dk |j~e ji }dk FBS/

]dk Pf}dicomk~ Ha{n mc~kh}j~ fom mkp{}s mc~kh}j~x f~k kakh}km ns }dk

hd{~hd/ $Xkk pp/ 60;! 6<>/# Ci }|j mkp{}s mc~kh}j~x f~k kakh}km! }dk~k xdj{am

nk jok ji kfhd lkomk~/ Jok ji }dk mkp{}s mc~kh}j~x gfs faxj xk~yk fx ha{n

xh~cnk fom }~kfx{~k~/ ]dk mc~kh}j~ cx f gkgnk~ ji }dk njf~m fom }dk Fmyko}cx}

sj{}d gcocx}~ckx hjggc}}kk/

Fmmc}cjofa Pf}dicomk~ x}fii gfs coha{mk cox}~{h}j~x ji h~fi} fom of}{~k

hafxxkx fom hj{oxkaj~x |dj f~k kfhd ~kxpjoxcnak ij~ f {oc} ji xct }j kcld}

Pf}dicomk~x/

^kxj{~hk gf}k~cfax f~k fyfcafnak i~jg }dk hjoik~kohk sj{}d gcocx}~ckx

mc~kh}j~/

Kyk~sjok coyjaykm co |j~e |c}d gcoj~ hdcam~ko g{x} gkk} Hd{~hd fom

aklfa x}fomf~mx fom ~kv{c~kgko}x! x{hd fx nfhel~j{om hdkhex j~ hk~}cichf}cjo/

Ajhfa hd{~hd akfmk~x xdj{am hjox{a} |c}d }dk hjoik~kohk! |dchd |caa fxhk~'

}fco fom fmycxk fx }j |df} nfhel~j{om hdkhex fom hk~}cichf}cjox f~k fyfcafnakfom*j~ ~kv{c~km/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (<! pp/ 694! 693/#

Fmyko}{~k~ Ha{n ”]dk Fmyko}{~k~ Ha{n p~jycmkx djgk fom hd{~hd

p~jl~fgx ij~ pf~ko}x |c}d 9' }d~j{ld 3'skf~'jam hdcam~ko/ C} cx mkxclokm }j

x}cg{af}k }dk hdcam~ko–x h{~cjxc}s fom coha{mkx flk'xpkhcich fh}cyc}ckx }df} co'

yjayk nj}d pf~ko} fom hdcam co ~kh~kf}cjofa fh}cyc}ckx! xcgpak h~fi}x! fpp~khc'

60= HD[^HD GFO[FA



f}cjo ji Ljm–x h~kf}cjo! fom j}dk~ fh}cyc}ckx }df} f~k ji co}k~kx} }j }df} flk/

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]dk mc~kh}j~ cx f gkgnk~ ji }dk Fmyko}cx} sj{}d gcocx}~ckx hjggc}}kk/

^kxj{~hk gf}k~cfax f~k fyfcafnak i~jg }dk hjoik~kohk sj{}d gcocx}~ckx mc~kh'

}j~/

Kyk~sjok coyjaykm co |j~e |c}d gcoj~ hdcam~ko g{x} gkk} Hd{~hd fom

aklfa x}fomf~mx fom ~kv{c~kgko}x! x{hd fx nfhel~j{om hdkhex j~ hk~}cichf}cjo/

Ajhfa hd{~hd akfmk~x xdj{am hjox{a} |c}d }dk hjoik~kohk! |dchd |caa fxhk~'}fco fom fmycxk fx }j |df} nfhel~j{om hdkhex fom hk~}cichf}cjox f~k fyfcafnak


^kxj{~hkx ”Ij~ sj{}d gcocx}~ckx ~kxj{~hkx! xkk Oj}kx! (6<! p/ 6<6/

Com{h}cjo Xk~ychk

Faa ok|as kakh}km jiichk~x ji }dk ajhfa hd{~hd gfs nk coha{mkm co fo co'm{h}cjo xk~ychk hjom{h}km ns f pfx}j~ djamcol f h{~~ko} achkoxk j~ h~kmko}cfa/

Ci oj pfx}j~ cx fyfcafnak! fo kamk~ ji }dk hd{~hd gfs hjom{h} }dk xk~ychk ij~

jiichk~x j}dk~ }dfo kamk~x! mkfhjox! fom mkfhjokxxkx/ Ci }dk hd{~hd djamx fo

com{h}cjo xk~ychk ij~ ok|as kakh}km jiichk~x! c} xdj{am coha{mk akfmk~x ji faa

mkpf~}gko}x fom j}dk~ j~lfocrf}cjox/




HDFP]K^ 3

Kakh}cjox

]dk kakh}cjo ji hd{~hd jiichk~x |dj |caa pk~ij~g }dkc~ m{}ckx p~fsk~'

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icaacol yfhfohckx nk}|kko foo{fa kakh}cjox/

Ojgcof}col Hjggc}}kk fom }dk Kakh}cjo P~jhkxx

Jiichk~x f~k kakh}km kyk~s jok j~ }|j skf~x $xkk p/ <6# }d~j{ld fo fp'

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}j lcyk hf~ki{a x}{ms }j kfhd ofgk p~cj~ }j kakh}cjo fom fyjcmx }dk hjgpk}c}cyk

kakgko} }df} gfs f~cxk |dko ojgcof}cjox f~k gfmk i~jg }dk iajj~/

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j}dk~ ~kfxjo jiichk~x xdfaa oj} nk ojgcof}km i~jg }dk iajj~ j~ ns lkok~fa nfaaj}/

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f gcocg{g ji }cgk co }dk Xfnnf}d |j~xdcp dj{~/

\dko fom Dj| }dk Ojgcof}col Hjggc}}kk Cx Fppjco}km ”]dk ojgc'

of}col hjggc}}kk xdj{am nk fppjco}km kf~as co }dk hajxcol v{f~}k~ ji }dk

hd{~hd skf~ fom xdj{am ~kpj~} f} akfx} }d~kk |kkex nkij~k }dk icofa Xfnnf}d

ji }dk hd{~hd skf~/

]dk pfx}j~ j~ mcx}~ch} akfmk~ j~! co }dk fnxkohk ji }dk pfx}j~ j~ mcx}~ch}

akfmk~! }dk kamk~ xdj{am n~col }dk gf}}k~ }j }dk f}}ko}cjo ji }dk hd{~hd/ ]dk

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jok ji }|j |fsx2

6/ Ns ojgcof}cjox! yk~nfa j~ |~c}}ko! i~jg }dk iajj~/ Ci yk~nfa ojgcof'

}cjox f~k gfmk! oj gkgnk~ gfs ojgcof}k gj~k }dfo jok pk~xjo/ ]dk kiij~}

ji jok comcycm{fa j~ f xgfaa l~j{p }j mch}f}k }j }dk ko}c~k gkgnk~xdcp cx mcx'

609



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]kfhd Hdcam~ko ^kyk~kohk ”‑Pf~ko}x! kakyf}k }dk x}fomf~m ji

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Ljm! }df} c} gfs dfyk m{k |kcld} fom x{c}fnas cgp~kxx }dk dkf~}/‗”;] =3>/

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pk~ckohk/ Oj}dcol cx xj mkfmkocol }j }dk xpc~c}{fa acik ji f hd{~hd fx f hjam!

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nk |kahjgkm f} }dk }cgk ji }dk |j~xdcp xk~ychk/

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Pafhk ji G{xch co \j~xdcp

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nk aci}km co xjolx ji p~fcxk fom mkyj}cjo/ Hfaa }j sj{~ fcm! ci p~fh}chfnak! co'

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jiik~col/‗”=] <6/

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col: / / / Dj| hfo }dk dkfykoas hdjc~ bjco co g{xch }df} cx joas f ij~g: / / /

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P{apc} Oj} f Ij~{g

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p~jhkm{~k/

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akfmk~x/

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66= HD[^HD GFO[FA



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mcycok eoj|akmlk |caa nkhjgk d{gfo eoj|akmlk/‗”HJA 668/

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}dk pfx} gkxxflkx }df} dfyk hjgk }j }dk pkjpak ji Ljm/‗”H\ 8>/

Cgpj~}fohk ji Gfco}fcocol [oc}s

C} cx cgpj~}fo} }df} |k gfco}fco ‑}dk {oc}s ji }dk ifc}d‗ $Kpd/ =268#! fom b{x}

XK^YCHKX FOM J]DK^ GKK]COLX 66;



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{pjo fx f dkf~}'xfmmkocol! mcx}~kxxcol ktk~hcxk/ C} xdj{am nk f pakfx{~k }j

XK^YCHKX FOM J]DK^ GKK]COLX 66<



|j~xdcp }dk Aj~m fom }j }fek pf~} co Dcx |j~e/ / / / Hd~cx} fom Dcg h~{hcickm

xdj{am nk }dk }dkgk ji hjo}kgpaf}cjo! ji hjoyk~xf}cjo! fom ji j{~ gjx} bjs'

i{a kgj}cjo/ / / / Fx |k ktp~kxx j{~ l~f}c}{mk |k f~k fpp~jtcgf}col }j }dk|j~xdcp ji }dk dkfykoas djx}x/ —\djxj jiik~k}d p~fcxk laj~cick}d– Ljm/ Pxfag

;02>8/ Ak} {x |c}d ~kyk~ko} bjs hjgk nkij~k j{~ H~kf}j~! |c}d —}dfoexlcycol!

fom }dk yjchk ji gkajms/– Cxfcfd ;628/‗”XH 608! 60=/

Ij~g ji Xk~ychk ”]dk Xfnnf}d gj~ocol xk~ychk dfx }|j gfco mcycxcjox2

}dk hjol~klf}cjofa ~kxpjoxk co p~fcxk fom fmj~f}cjo! ktp~kxxkm co xjol!

p~fsk~! fom lci}x! fom }dk gkxxflk i~jg }dk \j~m ji Ljm/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (8!

pp/ 6<8! 6<=/#]dk~k cx oj xk} ij~g j~ j~mk~ ij~ p{nach |j~xdcp/ F xdj~} j~mk~ ji xk~'

ychk cx {x{faas nk}}k~ x{c}km }j }dk ~kfa xpc~c} ji |j~xdcp/ Ajol p~kacgcof~ckx

xdj{am nk fyjcmkm/ ]dk jpkocol ktk~hcxkx xdj{am oj} hjox{gk }cgk ~kv{c~km

ij~ }dk p~kfhdcol ji }dk \j~m ji Ljm/ $Ij~ x{llkx}km ij~gx ji xk~ychk! xkk

Oj}kx! (>! pp/ 6<>! 6<8/#

Hd{~hd J{}~kfhd $Gcxxcjof~s# Xk~ychk ”]dk ic~x} Xfnnf}d ji kfhd

gjo}d cx }dk Hd{~hd J{}~kfhd $Gcxxcjof~s# Xfnnf}d/ ]dcx |j~xdcp xk~ychkijh{xkx jo afs kyfolkacxg fom gfs ikf}{~k pafox fom fh}cyc}ckx ji yf~cj{x mk'

pf~}gko}x/ ‑Ljm dfx hjggc}}km }j j{~ dfomx f gjx} xfh~km |j~e! fom |k

okkm }j gkk} }jlk}dk~ }j ~khkcyk cox}~{h}cjo! }df} |k gfs nk ic}}km }j pk~'

ij~g }dcx |j~e/‗”9] 8>/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (=! pp/ 6<=! 6<;/#

P{nach P~fsk~ ”‑Hd~cx} cgp~kxxkm {pjo Dcx mcxhcpakx }dk cmkf }df} }dkc~

p~fsk~x xdj{am nk xdj~}! ktp~kxxcol b{x} |df} }dks |fo}km! fom oj gj~k/ / / /

Jok j~ }|j gco{}kx cx ajol koj{ld ij~ fos j~mcof~s p~fsk~/‗”>] ;46/

‑Ak} }djxk |dj p~fs fom }djxk |dj xpkfe p~joj{ohk }dkc~ |j~mx p~jp'

k~as fom xpkfe co hakf~! mcx}coh}! kyko }jokx/ P~fsk~! ci p~jpk~as jiik~km! cx f

pj|k~ ij~ ljjm/ C} cx jok ji }dk gkfox {xkm ns }dk Aj~m }j hjgg{ochf}k }j

}dk pkjpak }dk p~khcj{x }~kfx{~kx ji }~{}d/ / / / Ak} Ljm–x pkjpak akf~o dj|

}j xpkfe fom p~fs co f |fs }df} |caa p~jpk~as ~kp~kxko} }dk l~kf} }~{}dx }dks

pjxxkxx/ Ak} }dk }kx}cgjockx nj~ok fom }dk p~fsk~x jiik~km nk hakf~ fom mcx'

}coh}/ ]d{x Ljm |caa nk laj~cickm/‗”9] 84>/

X{ppascol Ac}k~f}{~k jo Xfnnf}d ”Lkok~faas Xfnnf}d cx }dk jppj~}{ok

}cgk ij~ }dk pk~xjofa gcocx}~ckx xkh~k}f~s }j pafhk ac}k~f}{~k co }dk dfomx ji

gkgnk~x/ Jnbkh}cjofnak gk}djmx }df} mcyk~} }dk f}}ko}cjo i~jg }~{k |j~'

xdcp fom ~kyk~kohk xdj{am nk fyjcmkm/

664 HD[^HD GFO[FA



Hjgg{ocjo Xk~ychk

]dk hjgg{ocjo xk~ychk h{x}jgf~cas cx hkakn~f}km johk pk~ v{f~}k~/ ]dkxk~ychk coha{mkx }dk j~mcofohk ji ijj}'|fxdcol ijaaj|km ns }dk Aj~m–x

X{ppk~/ C} xdj{am nk f gjx} xfh~km fom bjsj{x jhhfxcjo }j }dk hjol~klf}cjo!

pfx}j~! fom kamk~x/ ]dk xk~ychk {x{faas }fekx pafhk m{~col }dk |j~xdcp xk~ychk

n{} gfs nk xhdkm{akm f} j}dk~ }cgkx/

J~mcofohk ji Ijj}'\fxdcol ”‑Oj|! dfycol |fxdkm }dk mcxhcpakx– ikk}!

Dk xfcm! —C dfyk lcyko sj{ fo ktfgpak! }df} sk xdj{am mj fx C dfyk mjok }j

sj{/– Co }dkxk |j~mx Hd~cx} |fx oj} gk~kas kobjcocol }dk p~fh}chk ji djxpc'}fac}s/ Gj~k |fx gkfo} }dfo }dk |fxdcol ji }dk ikk} ji l{kx}x }j ~kgjyk }dk

m{x} ji }~fyka/ Hd~cx} |fx dk~k cox}c}{}col f ~kaclcj{x xk~ychk/ Ns }dk fh} ji j{~

Aj~m }dcx / / / hk~kgjos |fx gfmk f hjoxkh~f}km j~mcofohk/ C} |fx }j nk jn'

xk~ykm ns }dk mcxhcpakx! }df} }dks gcld} kyk~ ekkp co gcom Dcx akxxjox ji d{'

gcac}s fom xk~ychk/

‑]dcx j~mcofohk cx Hd~cx}–x fppjco}km p~kpf~f}cjo ij~ }dk xfh~fgko}fa

xk~ychk/ \dcak p~cmk! yf~cfohk! fom x}~cik ij~ x{p~kgfhs f~k hdk~cxdkm! }dk

dkf~} hfooj} ko}k~ co}j ikaaj|xdcp |c}d Hd~cx}/ \k f~k oj} p~kpf~km }j ~k'hkcyk }dk hjgg{ocjo ji Dcx njms fom Dcx najjm/ ]dk~kij~k c} |fx }df} Bkx{x

fppjco}km }dk gkgj~cfa ji Dcx d{gcacf}cjo }j nk ic~x} jnxk~ykm/‗”MF 9;0/

Co }dk fh} ji |fxdcol }dk mcxhcpakx– ikk}! Hd~cx} pk~ij~gkm f mkkpk~

hakfoxcol! }df} ji |fxdcol i~jg }dk dkf~} }dk x}fco ji xco/ ]dk hjgg{ochfo}x

xkoxk fo {o|j~}dcokxx }j fhhkp} }dk xfh~km kgnakgx nkij~k ktpk~ckohcol }dk

hakfoxcol }df} gfekx }dkg ‑hjgpak}kas hakfo‗ $Bjdo 68260#/ Bkx{x mkxc~km }j

|fxd f|fs ‑fackof}cjo! bkfaj{xs! fom p~cmk i~jg }dkc~ dkf~}x/ / / / P~cmk fom

xkai'xkkecol h~kf}k mcxxkoxcjo fom df}~km! n{} faa }dcx Bkx{x |fxdkm f|fs/ / / /

Ajjecol {pjo }dkg! Bkx{x hj{am xfs! —Sk f~k hakfo/–‗”MF 9=9/

]dk xpc~c}{fa ktpk~ckohk }df} ackx f} }dk dkf~} ji ijj}'|fxdcol aci}x c} i~jg

nkcol f hjggjo h{x}jg }j nkcol f xfh~km j~mcofohk/ C} hjoyksx f gkxxflk

ji ij~lcykokxx! fhhkp}fohk! fxx{~fohk! fom xjacmf~c}s! p~cgf~cas i~jg Hd~cx} }j

}dk nkackyk~! n{} faxj nk}|kko }dk nkackyk~x }dkgxkaykx/ ]dcx gkxxflk cx kt'

p~kxxkm co fo f}gjxpdk~k ji d{gcac}s/

]dk Aj~m–x X{ppk~ ”Folkax mkhaf~k }df} Bkx{x! }dk ^kmkkgk~ ji }dcx

|j~am! cx djas/ Acek|cxk! }dk xsgnjax ~kp~kxko}col Dcx njms fom Dcx najjm

f~k djas/ Xcohk }dk Aj~m Dcgxkai xkakh}km }dk mkkpas gkfocoli{a xsgnjax ji

}dk {oakfykokm n~kfm fom {oik~gko}km i~{c} ji }dk ycok fom {xkm }dk xcg'

pakx} ji gkfox ij~ |fxdcol }dk mcxhcpakx– ikk}! }dk~k xdj{am nk l~kf} ~ka{h}fohk

}j co}~jm{hk fa}k~of}cyk xsgnjax fom gkfox! kthkp} {omk~ kgk~lkohs hjomc'

XK^YCHKX FOM J]DK^ GKK]COLX 663



}cjox! akx} }dk j~clcofa xclocichfohk ji }dk xk~ychk nk ajx}/ Acek|cxk co }dk

j~mk~ ji xk~ychk fom }dk }~fmc}cjofa ~jakx pafskm ns }dk pfx}j~! kamk~x! mkfhjox!

fom mkfhjokxxkx! }dk~k xdj{am nk hf{}cjo akx} x{nx}c}{}cjo fom coojyf}cjo}kom }j gfek hjggjo }df} |dchd cx xfh~km/

]dk xk~ychk ji }dk Aj~m–x X{ppk~ cx b{x} fx djas }jmfs fx c} |fx |dko co'

x}c}{}km ns Bkx{x Hd~cx}/ Bkx{x cx x}caa p~kxko} |dko }dcx xfh~km j~mcofohk cx hka'

kn~f}km/ ‑C} cx f} }dkxk! Dcx j|o fppjco}gko}x! }df} Hd~cx} gkk}x Dcx pkjpak!

fom kok~lcrkx }dkg ns Dcx p~kxkohk/‗”MF 9;9/

[oakfykokm N~kfm fom [oik~gko}km \cok $L~fpk B{chk# ”‑Hd~cx} cx x}caa

f} }dk }fnak jo |dchd }dk pfxhdfa x{ppk~ dfx nkko xp~kfm/ ]dk {oakfykokmhfekx {xkm f} }dk Pfxxjyk~ xkfxjo f~k nkij~k Dcg/ ]dk Pfxxjyk~ |cok! {o'

}j{hdkm ns ik~gko}f}cjo! cx jo }dk }fnak/ ]dkxk kgnakgx Hd~cx} kgpajsx }j

~kp~kxko} Dcx j|o {onakgcxdkm xfh~cichk/ Oj}dcol hj~~{p}km ns ik~gko}f'

}cjo! }dk xsgnja ji xco fom mkf}d! hj{am ~kp~kxko} }dk —Afgn |c}dj{} nakg'

cxd fom |c}dj{} xpj}/– 6 Pk}k~ 6263/‗”MF 9;8/

Okc}dk~ }dk |cok oj~ }dk n~kfm hjo}fcokm kakgko}x ji ik~gko}f}cjo

nkhf{xk jo }dk kykocol ji }dk ic~x} mfs ji }dk Dkn~k| Pfxxjyk~ faa akfyko!

j~ ik~gko}f}cjo! dfm nkko ~kgjykm i~jg }dkc~ m|kaacolx $Kt/ 6>26;! 635682<#/ ]dk~kij~k! joas {oik~gko}km l~fpk b{chk fom {oakfykokm n~kfm f~k

fpp~jp~cf}k ij~ {xk co }dk hjgg{ocjo xk~ychk! fom l~kf} hf~k g{x} nk kt'

k~hcxkm co p~jycmcol }dkxk kakgko}x/ Co cxjaf}km f~kfx |dk~k l~fpk j~ ~fcxco

b{chk j~ hjohko}~f}k cx {ofyfcafnak! }dk hjoik~kohk jiichk |caa fmycxk j~ fx'

xcx}/

F Gkgj~cfa ji }dk H~{hcictcjo ”‑Fx |k ~khkcyk }dk n~kfm fom |cok

xsgnjacrcol Hd~cx}–x n~jeko njms fom xpcaakm najjm! |k co cgflcof}cjo bjco

co }dk xhkok ji Hjgg{ocjo co }dk {ppk~ hdfgnk~/ \k xkkg }j nk pfxxcol

}d~j{ld }dk lf~mko hjoxkh~f}km ns }dk fljos ji Dcg |dj nj~k }dk xcox ji

}dk |j~am/ \k |c}okxx }dk x}~{llak ns |dchd j{~ ~khjohcacf}cjo |c}d Ljm

|fx jn}fcokm/ Hd~cx} cx xk} ij~}d h~{hcickm fgjol {x/‗”MF 996/

F P~jhafgf}cjo ji }dk Xkhjom Hjgcol ”‑]dk Hjgg{ocjo xk~ychk

pjco}x }j Hd~cx}–x xkhjom hjgcol/ C} |fx mkxclokm }j ekkp }dcx djpk ycycm co}dk gcomx ji }dk mcxhcpakx/ \dkokyk~ }dks gk} }jlk}dk~ }j hjggkgj~f}k

Dcx mkf}d! }dks ~khj{o}km dj| —dk }jje }dk h{p! fom lfyk }dfoex! fom lfyk

c} }j }dkg! xfscol! M~coe sk faa ji c}5 ij~ }dcx cx gs najjm ji }dk ok| }kx}f'

gko}! |dchd cx xdkm ij~ gfos ij~ }dk ~kgcxxcjo ji xcox/ N{} C xfs {o}j sj{!

C |caa oj} m~coe dkohkij~}d ji }dcx i~{c} ji }dk ycok! {o}ca }df} mfs |dko C

m~coe c} ok| |c}d sj{ co gs If}dk~–x ecolmjg/– Co }dkc~ }~cn{af}cjo }dks

6>0 HD[^HD GFO[FA



ij{om hjgij~} co }dk djpk ji }dkc~ Aj~m–x ~k}{~o/ [oxpkfefnas p~khcj{x }j

}dkg |fx }dk }dj{ld}! —Fx ji}ko fx sk kf} }dcx n~kfm! fom m~coe }dcx h{p! sk

mj xdk| }dk Aj~m–x mkf}d }caa dk hjgk/– 6 Hj~/ 662>9/‗”MF 9;3/

Fooj{ohcol }dk Hjgg{ocjo Xk~ychk ”]dk hjgg{ocjo xk~ychk gfs fp'

p~jp~cf}kas nk coha{mkm fx pf~} ji fos Hd~cx}cfo |j~xdcp xk~ychk/ Dj|kyk~!

}j lcyk p~jpk~ kgpdfxcx fom gfek hjgg{ocjo fyfcafnak }j }dk l~kf}kx}

o{gnk~ ji gkgnk~x! {x{faas c} cx pf~} ji }dk |j~xdcp xk~ychk jo }dk okt} }j

}dk afx} Xfnnf}d ji kfhd v{f~}k~/

Jo }dk p~khkmcol Xfnnf}d fo fooj{ohkgko} xdj{am nk gfmk ji }dk xk~'

ychk hfaacol f}}ko}cjo }j }dk cgpj~}fohk ji }dk ij~}dhjgcol hjgg{ocjo! xj}df} faa gkgnk~x gfs p~kpf~k }dkc~ dkf~}x fom p{} f~cld} fos {o~kxjaykm mci'

ik~kohkx }dks dfyk |c}d jok foj}dk~/ \dko }dks hjgk }j }dk }fnak ji }dk

Aj~m }dk ijaaj|col Xfnnf}d! }dks }dko hfo ~khkcyk }dk co}komkm nakxxcol/

]djxk fnxko} ij~ }dk fooj{ohkgko} faxj xdj{am nk coyc}km }j f}}kom/

Hjom{h}col }dk Hjgg{ocjo Xk~ychk ” Akol}d ji Xk~ychk ”]cgk cx oj} }dk

gjx} xclocichfo} ifh}j~ co }dk hjgg{ocjo xk~ychk/ Dj|kyk~! f}}komfohk hfo

nk cgp~jykm fom }dk xpc~c}{fa cgpfh} coh~kfxkm ns $6# kacgcof}col kt}~fokj{xc}kgx i~jg }dk |j~xdcp xk~ychk jo }dcx dcld mfs! $># fyjcmcol mkafsx nkij~k

fom fi}k~ ijj}'|fxdcol! fom $8# dfycol }dk mkfhjokxxkx f~~folk }dk kgnakgx

jo }dk hjgg{ocjo }fnak |kaa nkij~kdfom/

P~kacgcof~ckx ”]dk co}~jm{h}j~s pj~}cjo ji }dk xk~ychk xdj{am nk n~cki!

coha{mcol joas xdj~} fooj{ohkgko}x! f dsgo! p~fsk~! jiik~col! fom f xdj~}

xk~gjo nkij~k xkpf~f}col ij~ }dk ijj}'|fxdcol fom ~k}{~ocol ij~ }dk Aj~m–x

X{ppk~/

Ijj}'\fxdcol ”Kfhd hd{~hd xdj{am dfyk f pafo ij~ gkk}col }dk okkmx

ji c}x gkgnk~x ij~ }dk ijj}'|fxdcol xk~ychk/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (;! p/ 6<;/#

N~kfm fom \cok ”Ijaaj|col }dk ijj}'|fxdcol! }dk hjol~klf}cjo hjgkx

}jlk}dk~ johk flfco }j pf~}fek ji }dk n~kfm fom }dk |cok/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (9!

pp/ 6<;! 6<9/#

Hkakn~f}cjo ”Hjgg{ocjo xdj{am fa|fsx nk f xjakgo! okyk~ xjgnk~!

ktpk~ckohk/ \~jolx dfyk nkko ~cld}km! xcox dfyk nkko ij~lcyko! fom ifc}d dfx

nkko ~kfiic~gkm/ C} cx f }cgk ij~ hkakn~f}cjo/ Ak} }dk g{xch nk n~cld} fom bjs'j{x/ ]dk xk~ychk xdj{am kom jo f dcld oj}k! x{hd fx |c}d f g{xchfa ikf}{~k

j~ hjol~klf}cjofa xcolcol! ijaaj|km ns mcxgcxxfa/

Fo jiik~col ij~ }dk pjj~ cx ji}ko }feko fx }dk hjol~klf}cjo akfykx/

Fi}k~ }dk xk~ychk }dk mkfhjox fom mkfhjokxxkx hakf~ }dk }fnak! hjaakh} }dk

{}koxcax! fom ~kxpkh}i{aas mcxpjxk ji fos ~kgfcocol kgnakgx/ Co oj hfxk

xdj{am }dkxk kgnakgx nk hjox{gkm j~ ~k}{~okm }j hjggjo {xk/

XK^YCHKX FOM J]DK^ GKK]COLX 6>6



\dj Gfs Pf~}chcpf}k ”]dk Hd{~hd p~fh}chkx jpko hjgg{ocjo/ Faa

|dj dfyk hjggc}}km }dkc~ acykx }j }dk Xfycj~ gfs pf~}chcpf}k/ Hdcam~ko akf~o

}dk xclocichfohk ji }dk xk~ychk ns jnxk~ycol j}dk~x pf~}chcpf}col/ Fi}k~ ~khkcy'col ij~gfa cox}~{h}cjo co nfp}cxgfa hafxxkx fom gfecol }dkc~ hjggc}gko} }j

Bkx{x co nfp}cxg! }dks f~k }dk~kns p~kpf~km }j pf~}fek co }dk xk~ychk }dkg'

xkaykx/

‑Hd~cx}–x ktfgpak ij~ncmx ktha{xcykokxx f} }dk Aj~m–x X{ppk~/ C} cx }~{k

}df} jpko xco ktha{mkx }dk l{ca}s/ ]dcx }dk Djas Xpc~c} pafcoas }kfhdkx/

6 Hj~/ ;266/ N{} nksjom }dcx ojok f~k }j pfxx b{mlgko}/ Ljm dfx oj} aki} c}

|c}d gko }j xfs |dj xdfaa p~kxko} }dkgxkaykx jo }dkxk jhhfxcjox/ Ij~ |dj

hfo ~kfm }dk dkf~}: \dj hfo mcx}col{cxd }dk }f~kx i~jg }dk |dkf}: —Ak} f gfoktfgcok dcgxkai! fom xj ak} dcg kf} ji }df} n~kfm! fom m~coe ji }df} h{p/– Ij~

—|djxjkyk~ xdfaa kf} }dcx n~kfm! fom m~coe }dcx h{p ji }dk Aj~m! {o|j~}dcas!

xdfaa nk l{ca}s ji }dk njms fom najjm ji }dk Aj~m/– —Dk }df} kf}k}d fom m~co'

ek}d {o|j~}dcas! kf}k}d fom m~coek}d mfgof}cjo }j dcgxkai! oj} mcxhk~ocol

}dk Aj~m–x njms/– 6 Hj~/ 662>4! ><! >3/ / / / ]dk~k gfs hjgk co}j }dk hjg'

pfos pk~xjox |dj f~k oj} co dkf~} xk~yfo}x ji }~{}d fom djacokxx! n{} |dj

gfs |cxd }j }fek pf~} co }dk xk~ychk/ ]dks xdj{am oj} nk ij~ncmmko/ ]dk~k

f~k |c}okxxkx p~kxko} |dj |k~k p~kxko} |dko Bkx{x |fxdkm }dk ikk} ji }dkmcxhcpakx fom ji B{mfx/ Gj~k }dfo d{gfo kskx nkdkam }dk xhkok/‗”MF 9;9/

Kyk~s Gkgnk~ Xdj{am F}}kom ”‑Ojok xdj{am ktha{mk }dkgxkaykx i~jg

}dk Hjgg{ocjo nkhf{xk xjgk |dj f~k {o|j~}ds gfs nk p~kxko}/ Kyk~s

mcxhcpak cx hfaakm {pjo }j pf~}chcpf}k p{nachas! fom }d{x nkf~ |c}okxx }df} dk

fhhkp}x Hd~cx} fx f pk~xjofa Xfycj~/ C} cx f} }dkxk! Dcx j|o fppjco}gko}x! }df}

Hd~cx} gkk}x Dcx pkjpak! fom kok~lcrkx }dkg ns Dcx p~kxkohk/ Dkf~}x fom

dfomx }df} f~k {o|j~}ds gfs kyko fmgcocx}k~ }dk j~mcofohk! sk} Hd~cx} cx

}dk~k }j gcocx}k~ }j Dcx hdcam~ko/ Faa |dj hjgk |c}d }dkc~ ifc}d ictkm {pjo

Dcg |caa nk l~kf}as nakxxkm/ Faa |dj oklakh} }dkxk xkfxjox ji mcycok p~cycaklk

|caa x{iik~ ajxx/ Ji }dkg c} gfs fpp~jp~cf}kas nk xfcm! —Sk f~k oj} faa

hakfo/–‗”MF 9;9/

\dj Gfs Hjom{h} }dk Hjgg{ocjo Xk~ychk ”]dk hjgg{ocjo xk~ychk

cx }j nk hjom{h}km ns fo j~mfcokm pfx}j~ j~ fo j~mfcokm kamk~/ Mkfhjox! fa'}dj{ld j~mfcokm! hfooj} hjom{h} }dk xk~ychk/

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pjachckx fx j{}acokm co }dk ha{n gfo{fax fom co hjj~mcof}cjo |c}d j}dk~

sj{}d'~kaf}km fom ifgcas'~kaf}km j~lfocrf}cjox ji }dk hd{~hd/

6>4 HD[^HD GFO[FA



HDFP]K^ 66

Icofohk

]dk ncnachfa pafo ij~ }dk x{ppj~} ji }dk |j~e ji Ljm cx ns }dk }c}dkx fom

jiik~colx ji Dcx pkjpak/ ]dk Aj~m xfsx! ‑N~col faa }dk }c}dkx co}j }dk x}j~k'

dj{xk! }df} }dk~k gfs nk ijjm co Gs dj{xk‗ $Gfa/ 8260#/ ]dk Hd{~hd dfx

ijaaj|km }dcx pafo i~jg c}x kf~ackx} mfsx/

‑]dk xsx}kg ji }c}dkx fom jiik~colx |fx co}komkm }j cgp~kxx }dk gcomxji gko |c}d f l~kf} }~{}d”}df} Ljm cx }dk xj{~hk ji kyk~s nakxxcol }j Dcx

h~kf}{~kx! fom }df} }j Dcg gfo–x l~f}c}{mk cx m{k ij~ }dk ljjm lci}x ji Dcx

p~jycmkohk/‗”PP ;>;/

‑]c}dkx fom jiik~colx ij~ Ljm f~k fo fheoj|akmlgko} ji Dcx hafcg jo

{x ns h~kf}cjo! fom }dks f~k faxj fo fheoj|akmlgko} ji Dcx hafcg ns ~k'

mkgp}cjo/ Nkhf{xk faa j{~ pj|k~ cx mk~cykm i~jg Hd~cx}! }dkxk jiik~colx f~k

}j iaj| i~jg {x }j Ljm/ ]dks f~k }j ekkp kyk~ nkij~k {x }dk hafcg ji ~k'

mkgp}cjo! }dk l~kf}kx} ji faa hafcgx! fom }dk jok }df} coyjaykx kyk~sj}dk~/‗”9] =<3/

‑]dk }c}dk cx xfh~km! ~kxk~ykm ns Ljm ij~ Dcgxkai/ C} cx }j nk n~j{ld}

co}j Dcx }~kfx{~s }j nk {xkm }j x{x}fco }dk ljxpka afnj~k~x co }dkc~ |j~e/‗”

3] >=3/

‑Dk dfx lcyko Dcx pkjpak f pafo ij~ ~fcxcol x{gx x{iichcko} }j gfek

}dk ko}k~p~cxk xkai'x{x}fcocol/ Ljm–x pafo co }dk }c}dcol xsx}kg cx nkf{}ci{a

co c}x xcgpachc}s fom kv{fac}s/ Faa gfs }fek djam ji c} co ifc}d fom hj{~flk!

ij~ c} cx mcycok co c}x j~clco/ Co c} f~k hjgncokm xcgpachc}s fom {}cac}s/ / / /

Kyk~s gfo! |jgfo! fom sj{}d gfs nkhjgk f }~kfx{~k~ ij~ }dk Aj~m fom

gfs nk fo flko} }j gkk} }dk mkgfomx {pjo }dk }~kfx{~s/ Xfsx }dk fpjx}ak2

—Ak} kyk~s jok ji sj{ afs ns dcg co x}j~k! fx Ljm df}d p~jxpk~km dcg/–‗”

8] 844! 843/

‑Ljm dfx gfmk }dk p~jhafgf}cjo ji }dk ljxpka mkpkomko} {pjo }dk

afnj~x fom }dk lci}x ji Dcx pkjpak/ Yja{o}f~s jiik~colx fom }dk }c}dk hjox}c}{}k

}dk ~kyko{k ji }dk Aj~m–x |j~e/ Ji }dk gkfox ko}~{x}km }j gfo! Ljm hafcgxf hk~}fco pj~}cjo”}dk }ko}d/ Dk akfykx faa i~kk }j xfs |dk}dk~ j~ oj} }dks

|caa lcyk gj~k }dfo }dcx/‗”FF <=/

‑Ljm dfx lcyko xpkhcfa mc~kh}cjo fx }j }dk {xk ji }dk }c}dk/ Dk mjkx oj}

mkxclo }df} Dcx |j~e xdfaa nk h~cppakm ij~ |fo} ji gkfox/ / / / ]dk pj~}cjo

}df} Ljm dfx ~kxk~ykm ij~ Dcgxkai cx oj} }j nk mcyk~}km }j fos j}dk~ p{~pjxk

6>3



}dfo }df} |dchd Dk dfx xpkhcickm/ Ak} ojok ikka f} acnk~}s }j ~k}fco }dkc~ }c}dk!

}j {xk fhhj~mcol }j }dkc~ j|o b{mlgko}/ ]dks f~k oj} }j {xk c} ij~ }dkg'

xkaykx co fo kgk~lkohs! oj~ }j fppas c} fx }dks xkk ic}! kyko co |df} }dks gfs~klf~m fx }dk Aj~m–x |j~e/‗”3] >=</

X}k|f~mxdcp

Hd~cx}cfox f~k Ljm–x x}k|f~mx! ko}~{x}km |c}d Dcx ljjmx fom! fx Dcx pf~}'

ok~x! ~kxpjoxcnak }j gfoflk }dkg co df~gjos |c}d Dcx l{cmkacokx fom p~co'

hcpakx/ ]dk mcycok hj{oxka cx }df} fx Dcx x}k|f~mx! |k f~k }j ‑nk ij{om

ifc}di{a‗ $6 Hj~/ =2>#/ ]dj{ld }dk v{kx}cjo ji x}k|f~mxdcp hjyk~x gfos fx'pkh}x ji Hd~cx}cfo acik fom ktpk~ckohk! |c}dj{} mj{n} }dk x}k|f~mxdcp ji j{~

gkfox cx yc}faas cgpj~}fo}/ C} hjohk~ox }dk ko}c~k Hd{~hd ifgcas fom coyjaykx

j{~ ~khjloc}cjo ji }dk xjyk~kclo}s ji Ljm! Dcx j|ok~xdcp ji faa }dcolx! fom

}dk nkx}j|fa ji Dcx l~fhk {pjo j{~ dkf~}x/

\dcak }dcx fxpkh} ji Hd~cx}cfo x}k|f~mxdcp hjohk~ox j{~ gf}k~cfa pjxxkx'

xcjox! c} okyk~}dkakxx ~kfh}x {pjo j{~ Hd~cx}cfo ktpk~ckohk/ ]dk Aj~m ~k'

v{c~kx hk~}fco }dcolx ji {x! co j~mk~ }df} Dk gfs mj hk~}fco }dcolx ij~ {x/ J{~

sckamcol jnkmckohk }j |df} j{~ dkfykoas If}dk~ ~kv{c~kx pafhkx }dcx pdfxk ji x}k|f~mxdcp {pjo f dcld xpc~c}{fa pafok/ Dk mjkx oj} f~nc}~f~cas mkgfom kc'

}dk~ }df} |k xk~yk Dcg j~ }df} |k ~khjlocrk Dcg |c}d j{~ lci}x/ N{} Dk dfx

xj f~~folkm }df} |dko |k |j~e co df~gjos |c}d Dcg co }dkxk }dcolx }dk~k

|caa iaj| }j j{~ j|o dkf~}x l~kf} xpc~c}{fa nakxxcolx/

‑Ljm mkxc~kx faa Dcx x}k|f~mx }j nk ktfh} co ijaaj|col mcycok f~~folk'

gko}x/ ]dks f~k oj} }j jiixk} }dk Aj~m–x pafox ns pk~ij~gcol xjgk mkkm ji

hdf~c}s j~ lcycol xjgk lci} j~ xjgk jiik~col |dko j~ dj| }dks! }dk d{gfo

flko}x! xdfaa xkk ic}/ C} cx f yk~s pjj~ pjachs ij~ gko }j xkke }j cgp~jyk jo

Ljm–x pafo! fom coyko} f gfekxdci}! fyk~flcol {p }dkc~ ljjm cgp{axkx jo

}dcx fom }df} jhhfxcjo! fom jiixk}}col }dkg flfcox} Ljm–x ~kv{c~kgko}x/

Ljm hfaax {pjo faa }j lcyk }dkc~ coia{kohk }j Dcx j|o f~~folkgko}/‗”

3] >=4/

]c}dk

Co ~khjloc}cjo ji }dk ncnachfa pafo fom }dk xjakgo p~cycaklk fom ~kxpjo'

xcncac}s }df} ~kx} {pjo gkgnk~x fx hdcam~ko ji Ljm fom gkgnk~x ji Dcx njms!

}dk Hd{~hd! faa f~k kohj{~flkm }j ifc}di{aas ~k}{~o f }c}dk! jok }ko}d ji }dkc~

coh~kfxk j~ pk~xjofa cohjgk! co}j }dk mkojgcof}cjo–x }~kfx{~s/

]c}dk xdfaa oj} nk {xkm co fos |fs ns }dk ajhfa hd{~hd! n{} dkam co }~{x}

fom ~kgc}}km }j }dk hjoik~kohk }~kfx{~k~/ ]d{x }c}dk i~jg faa }dk hd{~hdkx

680 HD[^HD GFO[FA



iaj|x co}j }dk hjoik~kohk }~kfx{~s! fom pk~hko}flkx f~k ij~|f~mkm }j }dk

okt}'dcldk~ akyka co fhhj~mfohk |c}d Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk fom mcycxcjo

|j~ecol pjachckx }j gkk} }dk ktpkoxkx ji hjom{h}col }dk |j~e ji Ljm co}dkc~ ~kxpkh}cyk xpdk~kx ji ~kxpjoxcncac}s fom fh}cyc}s/

]dkxk pjachckx dfyk nkko mkykajpkm ij~ }dk lf}dk~col fom mcxn{~xcol ji

i{omx co faa }dk |j~am fom ij~ }dk hjom{h}col ji }dk n{xcokxx fiifc~x ji }dk

hf{xk/ ]dk icofohcfa fom n{xcokxx fxpkh}x ji }dk |j~e f~k ji l~kf} cgpj~}fohk/

]dks hfooj} nk xkpf~f}km i~jg }dk p~jhafgf}cjo ji }dk gkxxflk ji xfayf}cjo/

]dks f~k comkkm fo co}kl~fa pf~} ji c}/

Xsx}kgf}ch Nkokyjakohk fom [oc}s ”]dk icofohcfa pafo ji }dk Hd{~hdxk~ykx f af~lk~ p{~pjxk }dfo fppkf~x co c}x icofohcfa fom x}f}cx}chfa ~kpj~}x/ ]dk

xsx}kg ji xdf~col }dk i{omx |c}d }dk |j~am ickamx! fx j{}acokm ns Lkok~fa

Hjoik~kohk \j~ecol Pjachs! xk~ykx f |jomk~i{a p{~pjxk ji {ociscol }dk

Hd{~hd–x xpc~c}{fa |j~e }d~j{ldj{} }dk |j~am/

Dj| ]c}dk Cx }j Nk [xkm ”]c}dk cx dkam xfh~km ij~ }dk |j~e ji }dk gco'

cx}~s! ij~ Ncnak }kfhdcol! fom ij~ }dk x{ppj~} ji hjoik~kohk fmgcocx}~f}cjo co

}dk hf~k ji }dk hd{~hdkx fom ji ickam j{}~kfhd $gcxxcjof~s# komkfyj~x/ ]c}dkxdfaa oj} nk xpko} jo j}dk~ |j~e! jo pfscol hd{~hd j~ cox}c}{}cjofa mkn}x! j~

jo n{camcol p~jl~fgx! kthkp} fx fpp~jykm {omk~ Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk

\j~ecol Pjachs/ Ij~ gj~k coij~gf}cjo jo }dk {xk ji }c}dk! xkk Oj}kx! (6!

p/ 6<</

‑F yk~s pafco! mkicoc}k gkxxflk dfx nkko lcyko }j gk ij~ j{~ pkjpak/ C

fg ncmmko }j }kaa }dkg }df} }dks f~k gfecol f gcx}fek co fppascol }dk }c}dk

}j yf~cj{x jnbkh}x |dchd! }dj{ld ljjm co }dkgxkaykx! f~k oj} }dk jnbkh} }j

|dchd }dk Aj~m dfx xfcm }df} }dk }c}dk xdj{am nk fppackm/ ]djxk |dj gfek

}dcx {xk ji }dk }c}dk f~k mkpf~}col i~jg }dk Aj~m–x f~~folkgko}/ Ljm |caa

b{mlk ij~ }dkxk }dcolx/‗”3] >=4/

Dj| ]c}dk Cx Dfomakm ”]c}dk cx }dk Aj~m–x fom cx }j nk n~j{ld} fx fo

fh} ji |j~xdcp }j }dk hjoik~kohk }~kfx{~s }d~j{ld }dk hd{~hd co |dchd }dk

pk~xjo–x gkgnk~xdcp cx dkam/ \dk~k {o{x{fa hc~h{gx}fohkx ktcx}! gkgnk~x

xdj{am hjox{a} |c}d hjoik~kohk jiichk~x/

Hd{~hd fom Hjoik~kohk Jiichk~x }j Xk} Ktfgpak ”Kamk~x fom j}dk~ jiic'

hk~x! fx |kaa fx }dk pfx}j~ fom hjoik~kohk fom cox}c}{}cjofa kgpajskkx! f~k kt'

pkh}km }j xk} ljjm akfmk~xdcp ktfgpakx ns ~k}{~ocol }c}dk/ Oj jok xdfaa nk

hjo}co{km fx kc}dk~ f hd{~hd jiichk~ j~ hjoik~kohk kgpajskk |dj mjkx oj}

hjoij~g }j }dcx x}fomf~m ji akfmk~xdcp/

ICOFOHK 686



Jiik~colx

Co fmmc}cjo }j }dk }c}dk! Xh~cp}{~k kgpdfxcrkx j{~ jnaclf}cjo }j n~col ji'ik~colx }j }dk Aj~m/ ]dk |c}ddjamcol ji jiik~colx cx hafxxkm |c}d |c}ddjamcol

}c}dk fom cx hfaakm ~jnnk~s $Gfa/ 824#/ Xcohk }dk Hd{~hd–x kf~ackx} mfsx! gkg'

nk~x dfyk lcyko acnk~fa jiik~colx }df} dfyk nakxxkm fom p~jxpk~km Ljm–x |j~e/

Co fmmc}cjo }j }dk }~fmc}cjofa hfakomf~ ji jiik~colx p~jl~fg! |dk~k kfhd

jiik~col }feko cx ij~ f xpkhcich p{~pjxk! }dk Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk dfx fpp~jykm

}dk hjgncokm jiik~col xsx}kg fom }dk pk~xjofa lcycol pafo/ ]dk mcycxcjo

hjggc}}kk cx f{}dj~crkm }j mk}k~gcok |dchd pafo$x# |caa nk {xkm co c}x }k~~c'

}j~s/

Xfnnf}d Xhdjja Jiik~colx ”]dk Hd{~hd–x gjx} |cmkas {xkm fom x{hhkxx'

i{a gk}djm ji ~kl{af~ xsx}kgf}ch lcycol cx }d~j{ld Xfnnf}d xhdjja jiik~colx!

|dchd f~k mkyj}km }j |j~am gcxxcjo |j~e/

J}dk~ Jiik~colx ”J}dk~ jiik~colx f~k }feko i~jg }cgk }j }cgk ij~ |j~am

gcxxcjo |j~e fom ij~ lkok~fa fom ajhfa p~jbkh}x/ \dko fos jiik~col cx }feko!

faa gjoks hjaakh}km! {oakxx j}dk~|cxk comchf}km ns }dk mjoj~! xdfaa nkhj{o}km fx pf~} ji }df} pf~}ch{af~ jiik~col/

Xpkhcfa Lci}x }j Ickamx ”]dk icofohcfa x{ppj~} ji }dk |j~am|cmk |j~e

ji }dk Hd{~hd cx nfxkm jo }dk n{mlk} xsx}kg/ Fpp~jp~cf}cjox f~k gfmk }j }dk

yf~cj{x ickamx jo }dk nfxcx ji n{mlk}km okkmx/ ]dcx cx f ifc~ fom kv{c}fnak

gk}djm ji mcx}~cn{}col }dk i{omx/

\dk~k xpkhcfa lci}x j{}xcmk }dk ~kl{af~ n{mlk} pafo f~k gfmk }j f pf~}ch'

{af~ ickam! f mcxpf~c}s cx h~kf}km }j }dk mcxfmyfo}flk ji j}dk~ ickamx/ Ci x{hd lci}x

f~k lcyko ij~ }dk p{~pjxk ji x}f~}col ok| |j~e! }dk |j~e }d{x x}f~}km gfs

afol{cxd |dko }dk xpkhcfa lci} cx {xkm {p! j~ c} gfs dfyk }j nk coha{mkm co

}dk n{mlk} ij~ c}x i{}{~k x{ppj~}/ ]d{x j}dk~ ickamx! |c}d pk~dfpx l~kf}k~

okkmx n{} |c}dj{} }dk jppj~}{oc}s ji gfecol }dkg eoj|o! |j{am nk mk'

p~cykm ji }dkc~ kv{c}fnak pf~} ji lkok~fa i{omx }df} |j{am nk mcyk~}km }j }dk

|j~e x}f~}km ns xpkhcfa lci}x/

Dcx}j~s dfx p~jykm }dk |cxmjg ji dfycol gkgnk~x lkok~j{xas fom ajs'faas lcyk }dkc~ jiik~colx fom lci}x }d~j{ld }dk fhhkp}km hdfookax fom eoj|col

}df} kyk~s ickam xdf~kx co }dk nkokic}x ji }dkc~ lcycol/

Fxxcx}col }dk Pjj~ fom Okkms ”Jiik~colx ij~ }dk pjj~ fom okkms f~k

}feko }j fxxcx} }dk gkgnk~x |dj ~kv{c~k dkap/ F ~kxk~yk i{om xdj{am nk ekp}

ij~ x{hd kgk~lkohs hfxkx/ Co fmmc}cjo! }dk hd{~hd xdj{am }fek f nkokyjako}

68> HD[^HD GFO[FA



f}}c}{mk }j|f~m faa co okkm! fom }dk njf~m gfs gfek fpp~jp~cf}cjox i~jg }dcx

i{om }j fxxcx} }dk hd{~hd–x dkfa}d fom |kaif~k |j~e ij~ ifgcackx co }dk hjg'

g{oc}s/

Hd{~hd N{mlk} ij~ Ajhfa Ktpkoxkx ”]dk gjx} xf}cxifh}j~s gk}djm ji

p~jycmcol ij~ hd{~hd ktpkoxkx cx }dk n{mlk} pafo/ Nkij~k }dk nklcoocol ji

}dk ok| n{mlk} skf~! }dk njf~m xdj{am p~kpf~k f n{mlk} ji ktpkoxkx ij~

hd{~hd fh}cyc}ckx m{~col }dk okt} skf~/ ]dk n{mlk} xdj{am coha{mk faa cohjgk

fom ktpkoxkx! coha{mcol }djxk ~kaf}km }j faa mkpf~}gko}x/ C} xdj{am p~jycmk

ij~ x{hd p~jbkh}km hjx}x fx {}cac}ckx! cox{~fohk! gfco}kofohk! bfoc}j~ xk~ychk!

i{omx ij~ }dk pjj~ fom okkms! fom hd{~hd xhdjja ktpkoxk/ $Xkk Oj}kx! (>!pp/ 6<<! 6<4! ij~ xfgpak n{mlk}/#

]dk n{mlk} xdj{am nk p~kxko}km }j }dk hd{~hd ij~ c}x x}{ms fom fmjp'

}cjo! fom ij~ pafox }j fxx{~k }df} i{omx xdfaa nk p~jycmkm }j nfafohk }dk n{m'

lk} m{~col }dk hjgcol skf~/ I{omx }j gkk} }dk hd{~hd ktpkoxk n{mlk} gfs

nk ~fcxkm ns jiik~colx j~ x{nxh~cp}cjox/ Gkgnk~x xdj{am nk {~lkm }j x{ppj~}

}dkc~ ajhfa hd{~hd co p~jpj~}cjo }j }dkc~ icofohcfa hc~h{gx}fohkx/

Lkok~fa Icofohcfa Hj{oxka

^kl{af}cjo ji Xjachc}col I{omx ”]dk ijaaj|col f~k ~kl{af}cjox ij~ xjach'

c}col i{omx2

6/ Oj hjoik~kohk! hd{~hd! j~ cox}c}{}cjo! |c}dj{} xpkhcfa hj{oxka fom

f~~folkgko}! xdfaa pafo |j~e ~kv{c~col xjachc}f}cjo ji i{omx i~jg j{}xcmk c}x

}k~~c}j~s/ Fos xjachc}f}cjo |c}dco c}x }k~~c}j~s xdfaa nk co df~gjos |c}d ajhfa!

{ocjo! mcycxcjo! fom Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk pjachckx/ Oj f{}dj~c}s cx l~fo}km }j

mkojgcof}cjofa kgpajskkx ~kp~kxko}col xpkhcfa co}k~kx}x co jok pf~} ji }dk

ickam }j xjachc} dkap co fos j}dk~ pf~} ji }dk ickam j~ co fos j}dk~ hjoik~kohk

|c}dj{} f~~folkgko} |c}d fom |~c}}ko f{}dj~crf}cjo i~jg hjoik~kohk jiic'

hk~x |dk~k }dk i{om'~fcxcol |j{am }fek pafhk/

>/ ]dk ijaaj|col p~cohcpakx p~j}kh} hd{~hdkx i~jg {of{}dj~crkm! i~f{m'

{ako}! fom {omkojgcof}cjofa xjachc}f}cjo2

f/ Pfx}j~x fom jiichk~x xdfaa oj} l~fo} }dk p~cycaklk ji }dk p{apc} }j

pk~xjox ij~ i{om'~fcxcol |dj dfyk oj} nkko ~khjlocrkm j~ ~khjggkomkm ns}dk hjoik~kohk/ $Xkk pp/ 669! 66</# Oj pk~gcxxcjo xdfaa nk l~fo}km }j xjachc}

i{omx kc}dk~ p{nachas j~ p~cyf}kas |c}dj{} x{hd ~khjloc}cjo/

n/ Faa i{omx hjo}~cn{}km ij~ fos hf{xk co ~kxpjoxk }j fppkfax xdfaa nk

pfxxkm }d~j{ld ~kl{af~ hd{~hd hdfookax/

h/ Hjoik~kohk fom hd{~hd jiichk~x xdfaa }fek x{hd x}kpx fx gfs nk okh'

kxxf~s }j p~kyko} {of{}dj~crkm j~ caaklfa p{nach xjachc}f}cjo/

ICOFOHK 688



8/ Oj hfgpfclo j}dk~ }dfo }dk Foo{fa Fppkfa $Colf}dk~col j~ kv{cyf'

ako} fppkfa#! |dchd coyjaykx {xcol Fppkfa ac}k~f}{~k fom hjo}fcok~x |c}d f{'

}dj~crkm Fppkfa afnkax! xdfaa nk hjom{h}km ij~ }dk xjachc}f}cjo ji gjoks ij~ kc}dk~ djgk j~ jyk~xkfx gcxxcjo |j~e/ [ocjox fom hjoik~kohkx xdj{am p~k'

yko} ycjaf}cjox ji }dcx ~kl{af}cjo/

=/ Co}k~mcycxcjo kgpajskkx ycxc}col }dkc~ djgk hd{~hdkx j~ j}dk~|cxk

hjgg{ochf}col |c}d }dkc~ djgk nfxkx f~k fxekm }j xjachc} i{omx joas ij~ ko'

}k~p~cxkx coha{mkm co }dk n{mlk} ji fpp~jp~cf}cjox! |j~ecol co hjjpk~f}cjo

|c}d hd{~hdkx fom hjoik~kohkx }j ~fcxk }dk i{omx ~kv{c~km }j gkk} }dk fp'

p~jp~cf}cjox jo |dchd j{~ |j~am gcxxcjo |j~e mkpkomx/ Faa x{hd i{omx xdfaa

nk pfxxkm }d~j{ld ~kl{af~ hdfookax/

V{kx}cjofnak Gk}djmx ij~ ̂ fcxcol I{omx ”]dk ajhfa hd{~hd xdj{am }fek

f x}~jol x}fom flfcox} v{kx}cjofnak gk}djmx ij~ ~fcxcol gjoks/

‑\dko gjoks cx ~fcxkm ij~ ~kaclcj{x p{~pjxkx! }j |df} gkfox mj gfos

hd{~hdkx ~kxj~}: ]j nfrff~x! x{ppk~x! ifohs ifc~x! kyko }j aj}}k~ckx fom acek mk'

ychkx/ Ji}ko }dk pafhk xk} fpf~} ij~ Ljm–x |j~xdcp cx mkxkh~f}km ns ikfx}col

fom m~coecol! n{scol! xkaacol! fom gk~~sgfecol/ ^kxpkh} ij~ }dk dj{xk ji

Ljm fom ~kyk~kohk ij~ Dcx |j~xdcp f~k akxxkokm co }dk gcomx ji }dk sj{}d/]dk nf~~ck~x ji xkai'~kx}~fco} f~k |kfekokm/ Xkaicxdokxx! fppk}c}k! }dk ajyk ji

mcxpafs! f~k fppkfakm }j! fom }dks x}~kol}dko fx }dks f~k com{alkm/‗”3] 36/

‑Fx Ljm–x |j~e kt}komx! hfaax ij~ dkap |caa hjgk gj~k fom gj~k i~k'

v{ko}as/ / / / Ci p~jikxxcol Hd~cx}cfox |j{am ifc}di{aas n~col }j Ljm }dkc~ }c}dkx

fom jiik~colx! Dcx }~kfx{~s |j{am nk i{aa/ ]dk~k |j{am }dko nk oj jhhfxcjo

}j ~kxj~} }j ifc~x! aj}}k~ckx! j~ pf~}ckx ji pakfx{~k }j xkh{~k i{omx ij~ }dk x{p'

pj~} ji }dk ljxpka/‗”FF 884/

]c}dkx fom Jiik~colx Oj} f Pk~xjofa ]~{x} I{om ”]c}dkx fom jiik~colx

mjof}km ns gkgnk~x }j }dk Hd{~hd mj oj} h~kf}k f }~{x} i{om ij~ }dk i{}{~k

nkokic} ji }dk lcyk~x/ ]dkxk i{omx xdfaa nk {xkm ij~ }dk h{~~ko} p{~pjxkx ij~

|dchd }dks f~k lcyko/

Icofohcol N{camcol Pafox ”Hd{~hdkx hjoxcmk~col }dk p{~hdfxk j~ k~kh'

}cjo ji hd{~hd j~ j}dk~ n{camcolx! j~ coh{~~col mkn} ji fos ecom! xdj{amhj{oxka |c}d hjoik~kohk jiichk~x nkij~k {omk~}fecol x{hd icofohcfa jnaclf'

}cjox/ Co }dk p{~hdfxk j~ n{camcol ji hd{~hd p~jpk~}ckx! co oj hfxk xdfaa hjg'

gc}gko}x nk gfmk j~ n{camcol jpk~f}cjox nkl{o {o}ca fpp~jyfa dfx nkko

lcyko ns }dk hjoik~kohk fom {ocjo hjggc}}kkx/ ]dkxk hjggc}}kkx |caa fp'

p~jyk joas fi}k~ }dks dfyk fxx{~km }dkgxkaykx }df} }dk icofohcfa f~~folkgko}x

hjoij~g }j kx}fnacxdkm pjachckx/ Co lcycol icofohcfa hj{oxka! }dk hjoik~kohk

68= HD[^HD GFO[FA



hjggc}}kk xdj{am hjoxcmk~ }dk xcrk ji }dk hjol~klf}cjo! c}x icofohcfa

x}~kol}d! fom }dk ajhf}cjo ji }dk n{camcol/

Dfomacol fom Fhhj{o}col ij~ I{omx ”]dk lf}dk~col fom dfomacol ji

i{omx ij~ }dk Aj~m–x |j~e cx f xfh~km ~kxpjoxcncac}s/ ]dk p~jpk~ hdfooka

}d~j{ld |dchd }dkxk i{omx iaj| cx ic~x} i~jg gkgnk~x }j }dk ajhfa hd{~hd!

|dk~k }dk }~kfx{~k~ ~khkcykx }dk i{omx/ $Xkk pp/ 40'4=/# ]dk }~kfx{~k~ mcx'

n{~xkx i{omx co}komkm ij~ ajhfa hd{~hd p{~pjxkx/ ]dk }~kfx{~k~ djamx co }~{x}

fom pfxxkx jo }j }dk hjoik~kohk }~kfx{~k~ i{omx co}komkm ij~ hjoik~kohk j~

lkok~fa p{~pjxkx/ ]dk }~kfx{~k~ ji }dk ajhfa hd{~hd |j~ex {omk~ }dk mc~kh'

}cjo ji }dk njf~m/ ]~kfx{~k~x ji fos akyka $ajhfa hd{~hd! hjoik~kohk! {ocjo!j~ mcycxcjo*Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk# mj oj} fh} comkpkomko}as/ ]dks mcxn{~xk

i{omx joas ns fh}cjo j~ f{}dj~c}s ji ~kxpjoxcnak hjggc}}kkx/

F{mc}col ”Kyk~s xk} ji fhhj{o}col ~khj~mx! i~jg }djxk ji }dk ajhfa

hd{~hd }j }djxk ji }dk Lkok~fa Hjoik~kohk! f~k x{nbkh} }j f{mc} ns f{mc}j~x

fppjco}km ij~ }dk p{~pjxk/ ]dcx ~{ak! |dchd faxj fppackx }j kyk~s mkojgcof'

}cjofaas fiicacf}km cox}c}{}cjo! p~jycmkx }dk gftcg{g ji xfik}s co }dk dfomacol

ji i{omx/ $Xkk p/ 48/#

ICOFOHK 68;



HDFP]K^ 6>

X}fomf~mx ji Hd~cx}cfo Acycol

Dcld Hfaacol ji Ljm co Hd~cx} Bkx{x

]dk Hd~cx}cfo–x acik cx oj} f xacld} gjmcichf}cjo j~ cgp~jykgko}! n{} f

hjgpak}k }~foxij~gf}cjo ji of}{~k/ ]dcx gkfox f mkf}d }j xkai fom xco fom f~kx{~~kh}cjo }j f ok| acik fx f ok| pk~xjo co Hd~cx} Bkx{x/

]dk dkf~} ji }dk Hd~cx}cfo nkhjgkx }dk m|kaacol pafhk ji Hd~cx} ns ifc}d/

]dcx cx n~j{ld} fnj{} ns ‑}dk hjo}kgpaf}cjo ji Hd~cx}! nkdjamcol Hd~cx}!

kyk~ hdk~cxdcol }dk mkf~ Xfycj~ fx j{~ yk~s nkx} fom djoj~km I~ckom! xj }df}

|k |j{am oj} co fos fh}cjo l~ckyk fom jiikom Dcg‗”]G 84</ ]d{x

Hd~cx}cfox ‑dfyk }dk hjgpfocjoxdcp ji }dk mcycok p~kxkohk!‗ fom fx |k ~k'

facrk }df} p~kxkohk! ‑j{~ }dj{ld}x f~k n~j{ld} co}j hfp}cyc}s }j Bkx{x Hd~cx}‗

$]G 844# fom j{~ dfnc}x gfmk }j hjoij~g }j }dk mcycok x}fomf~m/\k xdj{am nkf~ co gcom }df} ‑fx f xdckam i~jg }kgp}f}cjo fom fo coxpc'

~f}cjo }j p{~c}s fom }~{}d! oj j}dk~ coia{kohk hfo kv{fa }dk xkoxk ji Ljm–x

p~kxkohk/‗”Km >;;/

‑Oj pf~} ji j{~ hjom{h} kxhfpkx jnxk~yf}cjo/ \k hfooj} dcmk j{~ |fsx

i~jg }dk Gjx} Dcld/ / / / Kyk~s fh}! kyk~s |j~m! kyk~s }dj{ld}! cx fx mcx'

}coh}as gf~ekm fx }dj{ld }dk~k |k~k joas jok pk~xjo co }dk |djak |j~am!

fom }dk f}}ko}cjo ji dkfyko |k~k hko}k~km {pjo dcg/‗”PP >6<! >64/

Ljm–x ajyk kt}komx }j kyk~sjok! fom }j Dcx hdcam~ko co pf~}ch{af~/ Dcx

kf~ cx kyk~ jpko }j }dk fppkfax ji Dcx pkjpak! }djxk |dj dfyk }{~okm i~jg

}dk |j~am fom lcyko }dkgxkaykx }j Dcg/ J{} ji }dcx xfh~km ~kaf}cjoxdcp

l~j|x f ~kxpkh} fom f ~kyk~kohk }df} cx gfocikx}km kyk~s mfs fom kyk~s|dk~k/

Fx Hd~cx}cfox |k f~k gkgnk~x ji }dk ~jsfa ifgcas! hdcam~ko ji }dk dkfy'

koas Ecol/ ]dk~kij~k! |k xdj{am xfs oj |j~m fom pk~ij~g oj fh} }df} |j{am

n~col mcxdjoj~ {pjo ‑}df} ojnak ofgk ns |dchd sj{ f~k hfaakm‗ $Bfgkx >2<#/

\k f~k ~kij~gk~x/ Co kyk~s pdfxk ji acik |k xdj{am ‑x}{ms hf~ki{aas }dk mc'ycok'd{gfo hdf~fh}k~ fom hjox}fo}as cov{c~k! —\df} |j{am Bkx{x mj |k~k

Dk co gs pafhk:– ]dcx xdj{am nk }dk gkfx{~kgko} ji j{~ m{}s/‗”GD =36/

]d~j{ld }dk ~kgofo} Hd{~hd Ljm |caa mkgjox}~f}k }j }dk ko}c~k {oc'

yk~xk }dk fmkv{fhs ji }dk ljxpka }j xfyk gko fom |jgko i~jg }dk pj|k~

ji xco/ Fx gkgnk~x ji }df} Hd{~hd |k xdj{am kgpdfxcrk flfco }dk l~kf}

689



Ncnak x}fomf~mx fom ~kok| faaklcfohk }j }dkxk Ljm'lcyko p~cohcpakx/ \k

xdj{am hjgk {p }j }dk dcld x}fomf~mx ji }dk Hd~cx}cfo acik fom nk xkpf~f}km

i~jg }dk |j~am/ ]j }dcx kom |k |j{am dkkm }dk Aj~m–x fmgjoc}cjo2 ‑Mj oj}ajyk }dk |j~am j~ }dk }dcolx co }dk |j~am/ Ci fosjok ajykx }dk |j~am! }dk ajyk

ji }dk If}dk~ cx oj} co dcg‗ $6 Bjdo >26;#/

Ncnak X}{ms fom P~fsk~

Xpc~c}{fa acik cx gfco}fcokm ns xpc~c}{fa ijjm/ \k g{x} gfco}fco }dk dfnc}

ji mkyj}cjofa Ncnak x}{ms fom p~fsk~ ci |k f~k }j pk~ikh} djacokxx/ Co f }cgk

|dko f iajjm ji hjgg{ochf}cjo pj{~x ij~}d i~jg }dk p~co}km pflk! ~fmcj!}kakycxcjo! }dk Co}k~ok}! fom j}dk~ gjmk~o gfxx gkmcf! |dko }dj{xfomx ji

yjchkx pakfm ij~ f dkf~col! |k g{x} hajxk j{~ kskx fom j{~ kf~x }j g{hd }df}

xkkex ko}~fohk }j j{~ gcomx fom mkyj}k j{~xkaykx }j Ljm–x Njje! }dk Njje

ji faa njjex! }dk Njje ji acik”}dk Ncnak/ Ci |k hkfxk }j nk }dk pkjpak ji }dk

Njje! |k f~k ajx}! fom j{~ gcxxcjo dfx ifcakm/ Joas fx |k mfcas }fae }j Ljm

co p~fsk~ fom acx}ko }j Dcx yjchk hfo |k djpk }j acyk }dk acik }df} cx ‑dcmmko

|c}d Hd~cx} co Ljm‗ $Hja/ 828# fom icocxd Dcx |j~e/

P~fsk~ cx f }|j'|fs hjoyk~xf}cjo co |dchd |k acx}ko }j fom }fae }j Ljm/‑P~fsk~ cx }dk jpkocol ji }dk dkf~} }j Ljm fx }j f i~ckom/‗”XH 38/

‑]d~j{ld xcohk~k p~fsk~ |k f~k n~j{ld} co}j hjookh}cjo |c}d }dk gcom ji

}dk Coicoc}k!‗ fom ‑|c}dj{} {ohkfxcol p~fsk~ fom mcaclko} |f}hdcol |k f~k co

mfolk~ ji l~j|col hf~kakxx fom ji mkycf}col i~jg }dk ~cld} pf}d/‗”

XH 3<! 3;/

]dk djgk cx }dk hj~ok~x}jok ji }dk Hd{~hd/ F Hd~cx}cfo djgk cx f

dj{xk ji p~fsk~/ ‑If}dk~x fom gj}dk~x! dj|kyk~ p~kxxcol sj{~ n{xcokxx! mj

oj} ifca }j lf}dk~ sj{~ ifgcas f~j{om Ljm–x fa}f~/ / / / ]djxk |dj |j{am acyk

pf}cko}! ajycol! hdkk~i{a acykx g{x} p~fs/‗”GD 838/

Hjgg{oc}s ^kaf}cjoxdcpx

\dcak j{~ ‑hc}crkoxdcp cx co dkfyko! i~jg |dchd |k faxj kflk~as |fc}

ij~ }dk Xfycj~! }dk Aj~m Bkx{x Hd~cx}‗ $Pdca/ 82>0#! |k f~k sk} co }dk |j~am fx

fo co}kl~fa pf~} ji d{gfo xjhck}s fom g{x} xdf~k |c}d j{~ ikaaj| hc}crkox hk~'}fco ~kxpjoxcncac}ckx co }dk hjggjo p~jnakgx ji acik/ \dk~kyk~ |k acyk! fx

hdcam~ko ji Ljm |k xdj{am nk ~khjlocrkm fx j{}x}fomcol hc}crkox co j{~

Hd~cx}cfo co}kl~c}s fom co |j~ecol ij~ }dk hjggjo ljjm/

\dcak j{~ dcldkx} ~kxpjoxcncac}s cx }j }dk Hd{~hd fom }dk ljxpka hjg'

gcxxcjo! |k xdj{am x{ppj~} ns j{~ xk~ychk fom j{~ gkfox! fx if~ fx pjxxcnak

fom hjoxcx}ko} |c}d j{~ nkackix! kiij~}x ij~ xjhcfa j~mk~ fom nk}}k~gko}/ Kyko

X]FOMF^MX JI HD^CX]CFO ACYCOL 68<



}dj{ld |k g{x} x}fom fpf~} i~jg pjac}chfa fom xjhcfa x}~cik! |k xdj{am fa|fsx!

v{ck}as fom ic~gas! gfco}fco fo {ohjgp~jgcxcol x}fom ij~ b{x}chk fom ~cld}

co hcych fiifc~x! fajol |c}d i{aa fmdk~kohk }j j{~ ~kaclcj{x hjoych}cjox/ C} cxj{~ xfh~km ~kxpjoxcncac}s }j nk ajsfa hc}crkox ji }dk of}cjox }j |dchd |k nk'

ajol! ~komk~col ‑}j Hfkxf~ }dk }dcolx }df} f~k Hfkxf~–x! fom }j Ljm }dk }dcolx

}df} f~k Ljm–x‗ $Gf}}/ >>2>6#/

Xfnnf}dekkpcol

]dk Xfnnf}d cx f }jeko ji Ljm–x ajyk }j d{gfoc}s/ C} cx f gkgj~cfa ji

Ljm–x pj|k~ co }dk j~clcofa h~kf}cjo fom faxj f xclo ji Dcx pj|k~ }j ~k'h~kf}kfom xfoh}cis j{~ acykx $Krk/ >026>#! fom c}x jnxk~yfohk cx fo kycmkohk ji j{~

ajsfa}s }j Dcg fom ji j{~ ikaaj|xdcp |c}d Dcg/

]dk Xfnnf}d djamx f xpkhcfa pafhk co j{~ acykx/ ]dk xkyko}d mfs ji }dk

|kke! i~jg x{oxk} I~cmfs }j x{oxk} Xf}{~mfs $Aky/ >828>#! cx f lci} i~jg Ljm!

f xclo ji Dcx l~fhk co }cgk/ C} cx f p~cycaklk! f xpkhcfa fppjco}gko} |c}d }dk

Jok |dj ajykx {x fom |djg |k ajyk! f xfh~km }cgk xk} fxcmk ns Ljm–x k}k~'

ofa af|! f mfs ji mkacld} ij~ |j~xdcppcol Ljm fom xdf~col |c}d j}dk~x $Cxf/

;4268#/ \k |kahjgk }dk Xfnnf}d |c}d bjs fom l~f}c}{mk/‑]dk Xfnnf}d”jd&”gfek c} }dk x|kk}kx}! }dk gjx} nakxxkm mfs ji }dk

|djak |kke/‗”IAN 89/

‑]dk Xfnnf}d / / / cx Ljm–x }cgk! oj} j{~x5 |dko |k }~kxpfxx {pjo c} |k

f~k x}kfacol i~jg Ljm/ / / / Ljm dfx lcyko {x }dk |djak ji xct mfsx co |dchd

}j mj j{~ |j~e! fom dfx ~kxk~ykm joas jok }j Dcgxkai/ ]dcx xdj{am nk f mfs

ji nakxxcol }j {x”f mfs |dko |k xdj{am afs fxcmk faa j{~ xkh{af~ gf}}k~x fom

hko}k~ j{~ }dj{ld}x {pjo Ljm fom dkfyko/ / / /

‑\k f~k oj} }j }kfhd j{~ hdcam~ko }df} }dks g{x} oj} nk dfpps jo }dk

Xfnnf}d! }df} c} cx |~jol }j |fae j{} ji mjj~x/ Jd! oj/ Hd~cx} akm Dcx mcxhc'

pakx j{} ns }dk afekxcmk jo }dk Xfnnf}d mfs fom }f{ld} }dkg/ Dcx xk~gjox

jo }dk Xfnnf}d |k~k oj} fa|fsx p~kfhdkm |c}dco kohajxkm |faax/‗”DP 6;>/

‑Ljm–x ajyk dfx xk} f acgc} }j }dk mkgfomx ji }jca/ Jyk~ }dk Xfnnf}d Dk

pafhkx Dcx gk~hci{a dfom/ Co Dcx j|o mfs Dk p~kxk~ykx ij~ }dk ifgcas jppj~'

}{oc}s ij~ hjgg{ocjo |c}d Dcg! |c}d of}{~k! fom |c}d jok foj}dk~/‗”

Km >;6/]dk Xfnnf}d dj{~x nkajol }j Ljm fom f~k }j nk {xkm ij~ Dcg fajok/

J{~ j|o pakfx{~k! |j~mx! n{xcokxx! fom }dj{ld}x xdj{am icom oj pafhk co }dk

jnxk~yfohk ji }dk Aj~m–x mfs $Cxf/ ;4268#/ Ak} {x lf}dk~ co }dk ifgcas hc~hak

f} x{oxk} fom |kahjgk }dk Xfnnf}d |c}d p~fsk~ fom xjol! fom ak} {x hajxk }dk

mfs |c}d p~fsk~ fom ktp~kxxcjox ji l~f}c}{mk ij~ Dcx |jom~j{x ajyk/ ]dk

Xfnnf}d cx f xpkhcfa mfs ij~ |j~xdcp co j{~ djgkx fom hd{~hdkx! f mfs ji bjs

684 HD[^HD GFO[FA



}j j{~xkaykx fom j{~ hdcam~ko! f mfs co |dchd |k hfo akf~o gj~k ji Ljm

}d~j{ld }dk Ncnak fom }dk l~kf} akxxjo njje ji of}{~k/ C} cx f }cgk |k hfo

ycxc} }dk xche fom |j~e ij~ }dk xfayf}cjo ji xj{ax/ \k xdj{am afs fxcmk }dk j~'mcof~s fiifc~x ji }dk xct |j~ecol mfsx fom pk~ij~g oj {ookhkxxf~s |j~e/ \k

xdj{am oj} ak} xkh{af~ gkmcf jhh{ps j{~ }cgk jo Ljm–x djas mfs/

‑]dk Xfnnf}d cx oj} co}komkm }j nk f pk~cjm ji {xkakxx cofh}cyc}s/ ]dk

af| ij~ncmx xkh{af~ afnj~ jo }dk ~kx} mfs ji }dk Aj~m5 }dk }jca }df} lfcox f

acykacdjjm g{x} hkfxk5 oj afnj~ ij~ |j~amas pakfx{~k j~ p~jic} cx af|i{a {pjo

}df} mfs5 n{} fx Ljm hkfxkm Dcx afnj~ ji h~kf}col! fom ~kx}km {pjo }dk

Xfnnf}d fom nakxxkm c}! xj gfo cx }j akfyk }dk jhh{pf}cjox ji dcx mfcas acik!

fom mkyj}k }djxk xfh~km dj{~x }j dkfa}di{a ~kx}! }j |j~xdcp! fom }j djasmkkmx/‗”MF >0</

F p~jl~fg ji fh}cyc}ckx co df~gjos |c}d }dk xpc~c} ji }~{k

Xfnnf}dekkpcol |caa gfek }dcx nakxxkm mfs }dk dfppckx} fom nkx} ji faa }dk

|kke ij~ j{~xkaykx fom ij~ j{~ hdcam~ko”f yk~c}fnak ij~k}fx}k ji j{~ dkfy'

koas ~kx}/

^kyk~kohk co }dk Pafhk ji \j~xdcp

Hd~cx}cfox |dj fpp~khcf}k Ljm–x jgocpj}kohk! Dcx djacokxx! fom Dcx

ajyk |caa fa|fsx gfocikx} f xpc~c} ji mkkp ~kyk~kohk ij~ Ljm! Dcx \j~m! fom

Dcx |j~xdcp/ ‑D{gcac}s fom ~kyk~kohk xdj{am hdf~fh}k~crk }dk mkpj~}gko}

ji faa |dj hjgk co}j }dk p~kxkohk ji Ljm/‗”PP >;>/ \k |caa ~khjlocrk

}df} ‑}dk dj{~ fom pafhk ji p~fsk~ f~k xfh~km! nkhf{xk Ljm cx }dk~k/‗”

L\ 6<4/ \k |caa hjgk }j }dk dj{xk ji |j~xdcp! oj} hf~kakxxas! n{} co }dk

xpc~c} ji gkmc}f}cjo fom p~fsk~! fom |caa fyjcm {ookhkxxf~s hjoyk~xf}cjo/

Fx pf~ko}x |k xdj{am ~kyk~ko}as cox}~{h} j{~ hdcam~ko dj| }dks xdj{am

nkdfyk co ‑}dk dj{xk ji Ljm‗ $6 ]cg/ 826;#/ Ifc}di{a cox}~{h}cjo fom mcxhc'

pacok ji sj{}d f} djgk! Xfnnf}d xhdjja! fom hd{~hd ~klf~mcol ~kyk~kohk ij~

Ljm fom Dcx |j~xdcp |caa lj if~ co djamcol }dkc~ ajsfa}s co fi}k~skf~x/

Pfx}j~x |dj xkoxk }dk xfh~kmokxx ji Ljm–x xk~ychk |caa! ns ktfgpak! co'

x}~{h}cjo! fom hjom{h} co }dk p{apc}! ijx}k~ ~kyk~kohk! xcgpachc}s! ljjm j~mk~!

fom mkhj~{g co }dk hd{~hd/

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Documents

Seventh Day Adventist Church Manual 2010