Sewerage System

8/12/2019 Sewerage System

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Xnwnrcen systnd

Ar. Cmnpctb X. Wnaay

Cssfhbctn _rf`nssfr, Qjcpcr ^lbvnrsbty

_ctbcic (_^LKCG)315 ??1


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Xclbtcry Xnwnrcen Xystnd


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Xnwnrcen systndXnwcensnwnrsnwnrcen

Xnwcen; dulbhbpci wcstnwctnr (afdnstbh snwcen, stfrdwctnr cla bl`bitrctna erfula wctnr)

Xnwnrcen; systnd `fr tjn hfiinhtbfl cla hflvnyclhn f`dulbhbpci wcstnwctnr tf tjn XQ_ fr tjn pfblt f` abspfsci

Xnwnr; hflaubt hcrryble tjn snwcen Xclbtcry snwnrs, stfrd snwnrs cla hfdgblna snwnrs

Xclbtcry snwnrs hcrry snwcen Wnsbanltbci, hfddnrhbci cla blstbtutbflci snwcen

Blaustrbci wcstnwctnr

Bl`bitrctbfl wctnr cla sfdn stfrd wctnr


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Xnwnrcen systnd

Xnwnrs Hflaubt hcrryble tjn snwcen dfstiy gy ercvbty Csgnstfs hndnlt, auhtbin brfl, rnbl`frhna hflhrntn,

prnstrnssna hflhrntn, _PH, vbtrb`bna hicy dctnrbci crn usna blsnwnr dclu`chturble

Xnwnrcen bs hflvnreble lntwfrm f` snwnrs (gubiable

hfllnhtbfls, ictnrci snwnrs, dcbl snwnrs, trulm snwnrs clabltnrhnptble snwnrs) Gubiable snwnrs/gubiable hfllnhtbflsgnebls gnyfla c gubiable

`fulactbfl hflvnyble snwcen rfd tjn gubiable tf (ictnrci) snwnr

Ictnrci/grclhj snwnr`brst nindnlt f` tjn snwnrcen systndrnhnbvns snwcen `rfd gubiables cla hflvnys tf dcbl snwnrs

Dcbl snwnrrnhnbvns snwcen `rfd ictnrci snwnrs cla hflvnys tftrulm snwnrs fr bltnrhnptble snwnrs

Qrulm snwnrsicren snwnrs hflvnyble snwcen `rfd dcbl snwnrs tfXQ_ fr abspfsci `chbibtbns fr tf icren bltnrhnptble snwnrs

Bltnrhnptble snwnrsicren snwnrs usna tf bltnrhnpt c ludgnr f` dcbl

fr trulm snwnrs cla hflvny snwcen tf XQ_/abspfsci `chbibtbns


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Xnwnrcen systnd

Xnwnr Ictnrci snwnrs crn sbzna icrenr tjcl tjn gubiable snwnrs

Gubiable snwnrs crn nbtjnr 3?? fr 3>? dd sbzn cla 3>? ddbs tjn rnhfddnlana dblbdud sbzn `fr c ercvbty snwnr

@ifw bl snwnrs bs hflsbanrna cs stncay cla ulb`frd C `ulhtbflble snwnr jcs tf

hcrry pncm `ifw

Qrclspfrt suspnlana sfibas wbtj dblbdud f` anpfsbtbfl bl

snwnrs Hurvna snwnrs crn lft usuciiy prn`nrrna

Hcl gn usna b` hfdpctbgin hinclble nqubpdnlt bs cvcbicgin

Hurvna snwnrs af lft ciifw usn f` icsnr typn survny

nqubpdnlt aurble hflstruhtbfl tf dcbltcbl snwnr sifpn


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Ansbel f` snwnrs

Ansbel blvfivns `blable sifpn cla abcdntnr f` tjn snwnr Xifpn `fr nlsurble sni`-hinclble vnifhbty `fr prnsnlt pncm ìfws

Abcdntnr tf rul pcrtbciiy ùii (a/A4?.:!) ct tjn ansbel pncm ìfw

Dcllbles `frduic usna bl tjn ansbel f` snwnrs

Lfdfercpjs `fr tjn usn f` dcllbles nquctbfl crn

cvcbicgin `fr tjn snwnr ansbel Qjnsn rnictn abshjcren (S) cla ìfw vnifhbty (P) wbtj tjn snwnr

abcdntnr (A) cla sifpn `fr ab``nrnlt Dcllbles l vciuns wjnlhbrhuicr snwnr bs ìfwble ùii

Jyarcuibh nindnlts hurvns anvnifpna `rfd Dcllbles

nquctbfl `fr hbrhuicr snwnrs crn usna `fr fgtcblble tjn`fiifwble wjnl tjn snwnr bs lft ìfwble ùii `fr tjn mlfwlìfw (q) vnifhbty (v), anptj f` ìfw (a), jyarcuibh rcabus (W), ìfw hrfss

snhtbflci crnc (c) cla nvnl tjn Dcllbles l vciun


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_ncm `chtfr, cla prnsnlt & ansbel pncm ìfws

@ifw bl snwnrs vcry `rfd jfur tf jfur cla cisf sncsflciiy

_ncm `chtfr bs an`blna cs tjn rctbf f` dcxbdud jfuriy ìfw tfcvnrcen jfuriy ìfw

_ncm `chtfrs anpnla fl pfpuictbfl anlsbty, tfpfercpjy f` tjnsbtn cla jfurs f` wctnr suppiy

_ncmble `chtfr bs tcmnl cs97???? 8.??

7????->???? 7.>?

>????-5>???? 7.7>

???? 7.??

_ncm `chtfr `fr hfddnrhbci, blstbtutbflci cla blaustrbci crncs

crn tcmnl cs 3.:, 1.? cla 7.3 rnspnhtbvniy Dblbdud ìfw dcy gn 3/8ratf f` cvnrcen ìfw

Xnwnrs crn ansbelna `fr tjn pncm ìfws

Xifpn f` snwnrs bs gcsna fl tjn prnsnlt pncm ìfw

Abcdntnr f` tjn snwnr bs gcsna fl tjn ansbel pncm ìfw


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_rnsnlt cla ansbel pncm `ifws

Xclbtcry snwcen enlnrctbfl hcl gn cssnssna gy usble tjn wctnr suppiybl`frdctbfl _fpuictbfl cla pnr hcpbtc wctnr suppiy (38> fr 7?? I_HA!)

Wnturl `chtfr f` tjn snwcen (typbhciiy tcmnl cs ?.:)@fr crba rnebfls cs bt dcy gn cs ifw cs ?.1, cla `fr wnii anvnifpna crnc btdcy gn ?.2^sn f` ftjnr tjcl dulbhbpci wctnr suppiy (blaustrbns, hfddnrhbci gubiables,nth.!) hcl upsnt tjn rnturl `chtfr

@frnhcstble snwcen enlnrctbfl ct tjn nla f` tjn ansbel pnrbfa dcy rnqubrn Xnwnrs crn ansbelna `fr c dblbdud f` 3?? I_HA snwcen

Icla usn pcttnrl (hfltcblna bl tjn dcstnr picl) cla zflble rneuictbfls

Icla f` c typbhci hbty dcy gn>0% - rnsbanltbci crnc

7?% - rfcas, 3>% - ecranls

>% - blstbtutbfls (shjffis)

7% - jfspbtcis cla abspnlscrbns, 7 % - dcrmnts

Blaustrbci crnc - 6


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_rnsnlt cla ansbel pncm ìfws

îtbdctn (scturctbfl) pfpuictbfl anlsbtbns crn f`tnl usna `frcltbhbpctble tjn pfpuictbfl

@iffr Xpchn Blanx (rctbf f` tftci ìffr crnc tf pift crnc) hcl gnusna bl `blable fut tjn uitbdctn pfpuictbfl anlsbtbns gcsbs

_nr hcpbtc ìffr crnc bs cisf lnnana bl tjn cssnssdnlt (2 d7pnrhcpbtc !)

_fpuictbfl anlsbtbns anpnla fl tjn sbzn f` tjn tfwl/hbty

9>??? 5>-3>?/jc.>???-7???? 3>?-7>?/jc.

7????->???? 7>?-8??/jc.

>????-3????? 8??-8>?/jc.

?-3???/jc.

Ansbel pnrbfa Inletj f` tbdn uptf wjbhj tjn snwnrcen systnd wbii prfvn

canquctn

Anpnlas fl tjn ib`n f` tjn struhturns cla nqubpdnlt tf gn usna,cltbhbpctna rctn f` pfpuictbfl erfwtj cla nhflfdbh kustb`bhctbfl

Wnhfddnlana ansbel pnrbfa bs 8? yncrs


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Bl`bitrctbfl f` erfula wctnr

Erfula wctnr bl`bitrctns tjrfuej snwnr kfblts

Anpnlas fl tjn wfrmdclsjbp bl icyble tjn snwnrs cla tjn invni

f` erfula wctnr tcgin

@fr snwnrs icba cgfvn tjn erfula wctnr tcgin snwcen dcy ifst`rfd tjn snwnrs

Xnwnrs rnqubrn jyarcuibh tnstble c`tnr icyble

Xueenstna bl`bitrctbfl rctns `fr snwnrs icba gnifw tjn

erfulawctnr tcgin

>->? d8/jc/acy fr

?.>-> d8/md.acy fr

?.7> tf ?.> d8/dcljfin/acy


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Dcllbles Nquctbfl

l bs rnpfrtna tf rnauhn wbtj blhrncsble pbpn abcdntnrcla cisf vcry wbtj tjn anptj ìfw

Dcllbles l f` ?.?38 bs usna `fr lnw cla nxbstble wniihflstruhtna snwnrs, cla `fr fianr snwnrs bt bs tcmnl cs ?.?3>

Qypbhciiy cppibna `fr fpnl-hjcllni ìfw hflabtbfls Ansbel f` snwnrs blvfivns `blable sifpn cla abcdntnr f`

tjn snwnr wbtj pncm ansbel ìfw hcpchbty @ifw vnifhbty sjfuia gn ?.0 tf 8.? d/snh. aurble (prnsnlt cla

ansbel) pncm ìfw

lXWP

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P 4 vnifhbty (d/snh)S 4 ìfw rctn (d8/snh.)

W 4 jyarcuibh rcabus (d)

X 4 sifpn f` tjn nlnrey ercan ibln

l 4 Dcllbles rfuejlnss hfn``bhbnlt

A 4 Abcdntnr f` tjn pbpn


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_rfpnrtbns f` hbrhuicr snwnr snhtbfl

@ifw tjrfuej snwnr bs fpnl hjcllni ìfw

_crcdntnrs f` bltnrnst crn

Grncatj f` ìfw (g)

Anptj f` ìfw (a)

Abcdntnr f` tjn snwnr (A)

Grncatj f` ìfw bs lnnana `fr tjn hcihuictbflf` tjn rbsm f` J7X enlnrctbfl

Anrbvna pcrcdntnrs

Clein f` ìfw () bl rcabcls

Crnc f` ìfw (c)

Unttna pnrbdntnr (_)

Nshrbttsan`blbtbfl f` jyarcuibh rcabus (c/p)

780?

L` ifwf`Clein

A

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C `nw bdpfrtclt tnrds

a

A

p

g

c

c bs crnc f` ìfw

g bs grncatj f` ìfw

a bs anptj f` ìfw

A bs snwnr abcdntnr

p bs wnttna pnrbdntnr

bs clein f` ìfw bl rcabcls

(7rcabcls 4 80?)

c/p bs jyarcuibh rcabus r

a/A bs prfpfrtbflci anptj f` ìfwJnrn,

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7Ap 7

sbl Ag

sbl3

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Qcgins crn cvcbicgin bl snwnrcen ansbel dclucis `fr rncable mc, mr, c/C, r/W, cla cisf v/Pcla q/S `fr ab``nrnlt a/A vciuns


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Jyarcuibh rcabus (r) 4 crnc f` `ifw / wnttnapnrbdntnr

a/A `fr sbdpib`bna snwnrcen bs ?.7-?.:

9?.7 af lft nlsurn su``bhbnlt vnifhbty `fr prnvnltble

sfibas anpfsbtbfl bl tjn snwnr


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Dcllbles nquctbfl

73

873br

l

Pv bs vnifhbty (d/s)

l bs Dcllbles rfuejlnss hfn``bhbnlt

r bs jyarcuibh rcabusb bs snwnr ercabnlt

c bs ìfw hrfss snhtbflci crnc (d7)

q bs ìfw rctn (d8/s)

@ifw vnifhbty bs prfpfrtbflci tf jyarcuibh rcabus wjbhj bl turl tf a/A

73

873br

lccPq

@rfd wrbtble Dcllbles nquctbfl `fr pcrtbci ìfw cla ùii ìfw

tcmble rctbf fln hcl fgtcbl v/P cla q/S cs

87

87 sbl

3

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v 8

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sbl

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c

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bs c ùlhtbfl f` a/A

v/P cla q/S vcry wbtj a/A

v4P `fr a/A4?.>

v/P bs dcxbdud (3.31) wjnl a/A bs crfula ?.:3

q/S bs dcxbdud (3.?5) wjnl a/A bs crfula ?.21


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Ecuhminr-Dcllble Nquctbfl

P bs `ifw vnifhbty (d/snh.)

l bs rfuejlnss hfn``bhbnlt, tcmnl cs ?.?38

`fr _PH, vbtrb`bna hicy cla nvnl `frhflhrntn snwnrs

Qjn gchtnrbci sibdn icynr dcmns tjnrfuejlnss cidfst scdn `fr cii tjndctnrbcis

b bs snwnr sifpn fr ercabnlt q bs snwcen `ifw rctn (d8/snh.)

73873 brl

v7

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73

bcrlvcq 7

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3bAMAM

lq rc

77 .:

3AXblAMc c

AXbl

AMr r .31

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a73hfs7 3

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qMMlA rc

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Qrchtbvn Qnlsbfl (gfulacry sjncr strnss)

Qclenltbci `frhn nxnrtna gy tjn ìfwblesnwcen pnr ulbt wnttna gfulacry

crnc

Anlftna gy cla ulbts crn L/d7fr_cshcis, _c

Fgtcblna gy abvbable wnbejt hfdpflnlt

f` tjn ìfwble snwcen bl tjn ìfwabrnhtbfl gy tjn wnttna gfulacrycrnc f` tjn snwnr

I_

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lq rc

380

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lb rc

U bs wnbejt f` snwcen

I bs snwnr inletj

bs anlsbty f` snwcen

c bs crnc f` ìfw

bs snwnr blhiblctbfl clein

sblhn bs vnry sdcii sbl 4tcl

tcl bs tjn snwnr sifpn (b)


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Ansbel f` tjn snwnr

@bla blbtbci cla `blci (ct tjn stcrt cla ct tjn nla f` tjn ansbel

pnrbfa) pncm snwcen ìfw rctns

B` tjn ìfw bs 93.> I/Xnh., tjnl usn 3.> I/Xnh. cs pncm ìfw

^sble tjn blbtbci pncm snwcen ìfw rctn, `fr tjn dblbdud trchtbvntnlsbfl rnqubrna, `bla dblbdud sifpn rnqubrna

Mccla Mrsjfuia hfrrnspfla tf a/A 4 ?.7 ct wjbhj trchtbvn tnlsbflbs dblbdud

Wnqubrna trchtbvn tnlsbfl `fr sbdpib`bna snwnrs bs 3 _c

@fr sclbtcry snwnrs bt bs 3-7 _c cla `fr stfrd snwnrs cla hfdgblnasnwnrs bt bs 8-1 _c

_Ummq 73

380

3830

380

73

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eMM

lb rc


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Ansbel f` tjn snwnr

@bla snwnr abcdntnr usble tjn Ecuhminr-Dcllble nquctbfl

Jnrn `blci pncm snwcen `ifw rctn bs tcmnl cs q

Mc cla Mr vciuns hfrrnspflable tf a/A4?.: crn hflsbanrna

Qjn snwnr abcdntnrs hcihuictna dcy lft gn ciwcys hfddnrhbciiycvcbicgintjnl hjfsn tjn lnxt icrenr abcdntnr snwnrhfddnrhbciiy cvcbicgin

Dblbdud snwnr abcdntnr hflsbanrna bl sbdpib`bna snwnrcen bs 3??dd

:8

7

31

3:

8:

8

b

qMMlA rc


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Xni` hinclsble vnifhbty

Bl c snwnr su``bhbnlt vnifhbty (sni` hinclsble vnifhbty) sjfuia gn anvnifpna

fl c rneuicr gcsbs nlsurble sni` hinclsble Xni`-hinclsble vnifhbty hcl gn `fula gy Hcdps `frduic

XE bs spnhb`bh ercvbty f` tjn pcrtbhin apbs pcrtbhin sbzn

Msbs hflstclt cla bts vciun bs tcmnl cs ?.: Wnhfddnlana sni`-hinclsble vnifhbty bs ?.0 d/snh.

Nlsurns trclspfrt f` scla pcrtbhins f` ?.?2 dd sbzn cla 7.0> spnhb`bhercvbty wbtjfut ciifwble snttible

@fr prnvnltble anpfsbtbfl f` scla cla ercvni ?.5> d/snh. vnifhbty bsrnhfddnlana

Xni`-hinclsble vnifhbty f` ?.: d/snh. ct ansbel pncm ìfw cla ?.0d/snh. ct prnsnlt pncm ìfw crn f`tnl sueenstna

Pnifhbty bl tjn snwnr bs rnhfddnlana lft tf nxhnna 8 d/snh. `fr cvfbableacdcen tf snwnrs `rfd nrfsbfl

@ifw vnifhbty `fr tjn prnsnlt pncm ìfw sjfuia gn


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Xifpn cla abcdntnr f` snwnrs

@fr snwnrs rullble pcrtbciiy ùii `fr c ebvnl ìfw cla sifpn,ìfw vnifhbty bs ibttin blìunlhna gy pbpn abcdntnr

Xifpn f` snwnr bs `brst `bxna `fr tjn prnsnlt pncm ìfw, tjnlpbpn abcdntnr bs anhbana fl tjn gcsbs f` ansbel pncm ìfw clapnrdbssbgin anptj f` ìfw

@fr nlsurble c dblbdud vnifhbty f` ?.0 d/snh., sifpn f` tjnsnwnr hcl gn

Dblbdud prchtbhci sifpn hflsbanrna `fr hflstruhtbfl bs 3 bl

37>?

X.Lf. _rnsnlt pncm ìfw (I_X) Xifpn

3. 7 0 bl 3???

7. 8 1 bl 3???

8. > 8.3 bl 3???

1. 3? 7 bl 3???>. 3> 3.8 bl 3???

0. 7? 3.7 bl 3???

5. 8? 3.?bl 3???


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Xnwnr vnltbictbfl

Xnwnrs crn prn`nrcgiy rul pcrtbciiy `uii (a/A 9?.:) `fr`chbibtctble vnltbictbfl

Xnwnr vnltbictbfl bs lnnana tf cvfba

Aclenrs f` cspjyxbctbfl f` dcbltnlclhn pnrsfllni

Gubiaup f` fafrfus ecsns

Anvnifpdnlt f` nxpifsbvn dbxturn f` snwnr ecsns(dntjcln cla fxyenl)

Jyarfenl sui`ban hcl gn enlnrctna bl tjn snwnrspnhbciiy wjnl icba ct dblbdud sifpn

J7X hcl hcusn fafur prfginds, prnhbpbtctns trchn dntciscs sui`bans, cla antnrbfrctns hndnlt hfltcblble dctnrbcis


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Ansbel hfdputctbfls

Chhurctn cla antcbina dcp f` tjn crnc tf gn hfvnrna gy tjnsnwnrcen systnd Xhcin f` tjn dcp hcl gn 7> d 4 3 hd (dcps f` > d 4 3 hd crn

cisf f`tnl lnnana

Ifhctbfl f` strnnts, ciinys, jbejwcys, rcbirfcas, pugibh gubiables,pcrms, strncds/arcbls, abthjns, nth., `ncturns sjfuia gn

banltb`bna fl tjn dcp Chhurctn ninvctbfls f` strnnt hnltnr iblns ct nvnry 3> d abstclhn

cla ninvctbfl ct cii ifhctbfls f` cgrupt sur`chn sifpn hjclens

Anhban fl tjn icyfut f` tjn snwnr ibln

Arcw tjn snwnr dcp

Banltb`y, ifhctn cla ludgnr tjn dcljfins fl tjn snwnr dcpcla hfan tjn snwnrs

Ifhctbfls f` hjclen f` abrnhtbfl, snwnr kulhtbfls, cla uppnr nlasf` tjn snwnrs hcl jcvn dcljfins

Dcljfins hcl gn prfvbana ct rneuicr abstclhns (8? d -37? d)


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Ansbel hfdputctbfls

@bla sur`chn ninvctbfl f` tjn upstrncd cla afwlstrncd

nlas f` nchj f` tjn snwnr Banltb`y tjn ifhci trbgutcry crnc `fr nchj f` tjn snwnr

@bla tjn prnsnlt cla tjn ansbel pfpuictbfl nqubvcinlts f`tjn ifhci trbgutcry crncs

@bla prnsnlt cla ansbel cvnrcen cla pncm snwcen `ifw `frtjn ifhci trbgutcry crnc

Hfiinht caabtbflci bl`frdctbfl `fr tjn rbejt f` tjn wcy f` tjnsnwnr ibln

_rf`bins f` cii nxbstble cla prfpfsna strnnts, ciinys clapftnltbci rbejt-f`-wcys

Ifhctbfl f` sur`chn cla sugsur`chn utbibtbns ibmn wctnrdcbls, ninhtrbhci hflaubts, hfddulbhctbfl iblns, cla ftjnrulanrerfula struhturns

Xfbi actc uptf 3.> d gnifw tjn gfttfd f` prfpfsna snwnr

_rnpcrn snwnr ansbel hfdputctbfl tcgin


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Xnwnr ansbel hfdputctbfl tcgin

Qjbs hcl gn cl nxhni wfrmsjnnt cla blhiuan

Hfiudls banltb`yble tjn snwnrs cla suddnrbzble gcsbh actc

Xnwnr hfan cla upstrncd cla afwlstrncd dcljfin ludgnrs

Xnwnr inletj

Ifhci (trbgutcry) crnc, bts prnsnlt cla ansbel pfpuictbfl, cla bts

prnsnlt cla ansbel cvnrcen cla pncm snwcen ìfw

_rnsnlt cla ansbel cvnrcen cla pncm ìfws `rfd hfddnrhbci,blstbtutbflci cla blaustrbci chtbvbtbns f` tjn ifhci (trbgutcry) crnc

Bl`bitrctbfl ciifwclhn `fr tjn snwnr inletj

Xur`chn ninvctbfl ct tjn upstrncd cla afwlstrncd snwnr nlas Hfiudls sjfwble huduictbvn prnsnlt cvnrcen ìfw cla pncm

ìfw cla cvnrcen cla pncm ìfw ct tjn nla f` ansbel pnrbfa

Hfiudls sjfwble hfdputna sifpn cla abcdntnr f` tjn snwnrcla Suii


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Xnwnr ansbel hfdputctbfl tcgin

Hfiudls sjfwble jyarcuibh nindnlts `fr tjn prnsnlt cla tjnansbel pncm `ifws wjnl Dcllbles l bs vcrbcgin

a/A hfrrnspflable tf tjn q_@_cla tf tjn q_@A

@ifw vnifhbty ct q_@_cla ct q_@A

Hfiudls sjfwble snwnr icyfut actc (blvnrt ninvctbfls ct tjnupstrncd cla ct tjn afwlstrncd nlas f` tjn snwnr)

Hfrrnhtna blvnrt ninvctbfls f` tjn snwnr fl tjn gcsbs f`

Xnwnr pbpn tjbhmlnss cla hrfwl hfvnr rnqubrna

Bl hcsn f` c snwnr kulhtbfl, blvnrt ninvctbfl f` tjn futint snwnr

bs `bxna gy tjn ifwnst blint snwnrs blvnrt ninvctbfl

B` snwnr sbzn blhrncsns hrfwls f` tjn snwnr bl qunstbfl sjfuia

gn dcthjna wbtj tjct f` tjn upstrncd snwnr ct tjn dcljfin


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^rgcl Xtfrd Uctnr ArcblcenXystnd


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^rgcl Xtfrd-wctnr Arcblcen Xystnd^rgcl Arcblcen Ansbel Dcluci= Lctbflci Jbejwcy Blstbtutn, 8 ra

nabtbfl (7??2)rnvbsbfl (7?38)

Antnrdbln rulf``

Ansbel blints

Ansbel hflaubts

Ansbel fut`ciis

Antnrdbln rulf``.

Uctnrsjna hjcrchtnrbstbhs cla `uturn anvnifpdnlt f` tjnwctnrsjnas

^rgcl anvnifpdnlt blhrncsns gftj pncm rulf`` cla tftci rulf``

Icla usn f` cakchnlt crncs

rnsbanltbci , hfddnrhbci, blaustrbci, cerbhuiturci, pcrms claulanvnifpna iclas

Xtrnnts, pcrmble ifts, grbaens

Wcbl`cii cla rulf`` hcihuictbfls


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^rgcl Xtfrdwctnr Arcblcen XystndAnsbel blints (ifhctbfl)

Ifebhci blint ifhctbfls

Qbdns f` hflhnltrctbfl

Ibdbt pflable

Xbzble f` blints

Ansbel f` hflaubts Wfutble cla lntwfrm

Ercvbty `ifw lntwfrm f` hflaubts prn`nrrna

`ifw vnifhbtbns bl tjn hflaubt lntwfrm sjfuia lft gn 9?.0d/s cla


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Wulf`` Antnrdblctbfl; Wctbflci dntjfa

_ncm ìfws crn canquctn `fr tjn ansbel cla clciysbs f` stfrd

wctnr hflvnyclhn systnd Wctbflci `frduic bs dfst hfddfliy usna tf hcihuictn pncm

ìfws `rfd sdcii crncs (9:? jnhtcrns)

_ncm ìfw fhhurs wjnl tjn nltbrn hcthjdnlt hfltrbgutns

Wcbl`cii bltnlsbty bs tcmnl cs scdn `fr tjn nltbrn crnc fvnr tjntbdn f` hflhnltrctbfl (th)

_ncm ìfws crn hcihuictna gftj

@fr tjn hurrnlt hflabtbfls

@fr tjn prfpfsna/bdprfvna hflabtbfls

uMHBCS

S pncm ìfw bl d8/snh.

H rulf`` hfn``bhbnlt

B Wcbl`cii bltnlsbty bl dd/jrC arcblcen crnc bl jnhtcrns

Muulbts hflvnrsbfl `chtfr (80?)


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Wulf`` Hfn``bhbnlt (H)

(Hfdpfsbtn Wulf`` Hfn``bhbnlt)

b

bb

wnbejtna C

CHH

Qjn rulf`` hfn``bhbnlt bs duitbpibnagy @rnqunlhy-f`-nvnlt Hfrrnhtbfl@chtfr `fr hfdpnlsctble tjnrnauhna n``nht f` bl`bitrctbfl aurble

tjn inss `rnqunlt jbejnr bltnlsbtyrcbl`cii nvnlts

Gcrblef hurvn

Wctbflci Dntjfa


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Wctbflci DntjfaWcbl`cii bltnlsbty bs rnca `rfd tjn rnebflci WA@ hurvns

Bltnlsbty hfrrnspflable tf tjn tbdn f` hflhnltrctbfl f` tjnhcthjdnlt/wctnrsjna `fr c spnhb`bna rnturl pnrbfa bs fgtcblna

Wnebflci BA@ (bltnlsbty-aurctbfl-`rnqunlhy) hurvns

Anvnifpna tjrfuej `rnqunlhy clciysbs f` rcbl`cii nvnlts dflbtfrnact duitbtuan f` rcbl ecens

Wnictn stfrd aurctbfl cla nxhnnaclhn prfgcgbibty (`rnqunlhy) wbtj

tjn rcbl`cii bltnlsbty


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Wnebflci WA@ (Wcbl`cii bltnlsbtyAurctbfl@rnqunlhy) Hurvn

`


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Qbdn f` Hflhnltrctbfl Qbdn f` Hflhnltrctbfl (th) bs tcmnl cs sud f` tjn `fiifwble;

Xjnnt ìfw trcvni tbdn

Xjciifw hflhnltrctna ìfw trcvni tbdn (ìfw bl rbiis tjnl bleuiibns)

Fpnl hjcllni ìfw/pbpn ìfw trcvni tbdn

Xtfrd wctnr ìfw bl tjn hcthjdnlts/arcblcen gcsbls

Bl c hcthjdnlt sur`chn rulf`` stcrts cs c sjnnt ìfw

c`tnr rnictbvniy c sjfrt abstclhn trcvni, tjn sjnnt ìfw trcls`frdsbltf sjciifw hflhnltrctna ìfw

Qjn sjciifw hflhnltrctna ìfw nltnrs fpnl hjcllnis/snwnrscla hflvnyna fut

Xjnnt ìfw trcvni tbdn

X

lI

B

MQ utb 1.?

Qtbbs sjnnt ìfw trcvni tbdn bl dblutns

Mubs ndpbrbhci hfn` bhbnlt (bts vciun bs 0.27)B bs rcbl`cii bltnsbty bl dd/jr (anpnlas fltjn thtf gn hcihuictna)

I bs ìfw inletj bl dntnrs

X bs sifpn (hcthjdnlt sifpn)

L bs rfuejlnss hfn``bhbnlt


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Qbdn f` Hflhnltrctbfl (th)

Fpnl hjcllni/pbpn ìfw Jnrn cisf ìfw vnifhbty bs nstbdctna `brst cla usna `fr nstbdctble

tjn fpnl hjcllni/pbpn ìfw trcvni tbdn

P

IQ

XWl

M

P

tb

u

0?

>.?87

l bs rfuejlnss hfn``bhbnlt

W bs jyarcuibh rcabus (`fr fpnl hjcllnis wbtjwbatj


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^XEX Wnernssbfl Nquctbfls `fr _ncm @ifw


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^XEX Wnernssbfl Nquctbfls `fr _ncm @ifwCssnssdnlts

^sna bl ulecuena sbtns `fr nstbdctble pncm `ifws

^X enfifebhci survny jcs anvnifpna cla hfdpbina tjnsnrnernssbfl nquctbfls (`fr tjn rnturl pnrbfas 7, >, 3?, 7>, >?,3?? cla >?? yncrs)

Anvnifpna `rfd tjn urgcl rul f`` actc fgtblna `rfd 702

gcsbls bl >0 hbtbns f` 83 stctns

Qjnsn rnercssbfl nquctbfls blhiuan tjn `fiifwble 5pcrcdntnrs

3. CX bs tjn hfltrbgutble arcblcen crnc bl squcrn dbins

7. XI bs tjn dcbl hjcllni sifpn bl `t/dbin (dncsurna gntwnnl3?% cla :>% f` tjn dcbl hjcllni upstrncd f` tjn futint)

8. WB7 bs rcbl`cii cdfult bl blhjns bl 7 jfurs fr c rcbl`cii nvnlt f`7 yncrs rnturl pnrbfa

1. XQ bs gcsbl stfrcen cs pnrhnlt f` tjn tftci crnc fhhupbna gy

icmns, rnsnrvfbrs, swcdps cla wnticlas.

15.?3>.?87.?0>.??1.735.?13.?7 738:878>.7 WSBCGA@XQWBXIC^S XX


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^XEX Wnernssbfl Nquctbfls `fr _ncm @ifwCssnssdnlts

>. GA@ bs gcsbl anvnifpdnlt `chtfr (c dncsurn f` jyarcuibhn``bhbnlhy f` tjn gcsbl) - nstbdctna tjrfuej

abvbsbfl f` tjn gcsbl bltf uppnr, dbaain cla ifwnr tjbras,cla

rctble nchj f` tjn tjbra fl ?3 shcin cecblst tjn`fiifwble `fur pcrcdntnrsc) Hjcllni bdprfvndnlts

g) Hjcllni iblble (prnvcinlhn f` bdpnrvbfus sur`chn iblble)

h) Xtfrd arcbls/ snwnrs

a) Hurg cla euttnr strnnts0. BC bs pnrhnlt crnc f` tjn gcsbl fhhupbna gy bdpnrvbfussur`chns

5. WS7 bs 7-yncr rurci pncm ifwhcihuictna gy usble tjn`fiifwble rnernssbfl nquctbfl


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Nvnl c`tnr tjn lnhnsscry vnrb`bhctbfls, dcelbtbtuan f` nrrfr bl

tjn cssnssdnlt bs 8>->?% f` tjn chtuci `bnia dncsurndnlts

( )


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XHX (LWHX) _ncm @ifw Dntjfa

_ncm ìfw bs nstbdctna cs

Amup SCqq

qp

bs pncm ìfw bl d8/snh.

qubs ulbt pncm ìfw bl d8/snh./md7

Cmbs gcsbl crnc bl md7

SAbs rulf`` anptj bl dd

^lbt pncm ìfw bs hcihuictna gy 773? ifeife3? hh

tHtHH

uu mq

qubs ulbt pncm ìfw bl d8/snh./md7

mubs ulbts hflvnrsbfl `chtfr cla bts vciun bs ?.???183

H?, H3cla H7crn hfn``bhbnlts wjfsn vciun anpnlas fl

Wcbl`cii abstrbgutbfl typn

Bc/p (Bcbs blbtbci cgstrchtbfl bl dd cla ebvnl cs Bc4?.7XW)

Qjn hfn``bhbnlts vciuns crn rnca `rfd tjn tcgin cvcbicgin

thbs tbdn f` hflhnltrctbfl


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Abrnht rulf`` anptj (SA)

3?3??

:.?

7.? 7

HLmX

Xp

XpS

uW

W

WA

SA bs abrnht rulf`` anptj bl dd

p bs anptj f` 71 jr prnhbpbtctbfl bl dd

XW bs rntnltbfl bl dd

XW (rntnltbfl) bs fgtcblna `rfd

Mu bs ulbts hflvnrsbfl `chtfr (vciun bs 7>.1)

HL bs rulf`` Hurvn Ludgnr

Bts vciun anpnlas fl

Xfbi typn

Icla hfvnr

Cltnhnanlt dfbsturnbts vciun bs rnca `rfd tcgins

@fr duitbpin icla usn/sfbi typn hfdgblctbfls wbtjbl c gcsbl, crnc

wnbejtna HL bs usna



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XHX (LWHX) _ncm @ifw DntjfaB` pflable/swcdpy crncs fhhur bl tjn gcsbl cla rntcbl

hflsbanrcgin rulf`` (cs tndpfrcry stfrcen), tjnl tjn pncm ìfw

rnqubrns cakustdnlt cs

ppc @qq qcbs cakustna pncm ìfw

qpbs hcihuictna pncm ìfw

@pbs cakustdnlt `chtfr (vciuns crn ebvnl gnifw)

Qjn dntjfa bs chhnptcgin b`

tjn gcsbl bs `cbriy jfdfenlfuscla jcs HL rclen

Qjn pflas/swcdps crn lft bl tjn thìfw pctj


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Qypns f` Xnwnrcen Xystnds


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Xnwnrcen Qypns

Gcsna fl hfiinhtbfl

Hfdgblna snwnrcen

Xnpcrctn snwnrcen

Xclbtcry snwnrcen

Xtfrdwctnr snwnrcen

Gcsna fl trclspfrt Hflvnltbflci snwnrcen

Xbdpib`bna snwnrcen

Xfibas `rnn snwnrcen

_rnssurbzna snwnrcen Pchuud snwnrcen

Xnwnrcen f` fpnl hjcllnis cla arcbls


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Hfdgblna Xnwnrcen ^lanrerfula lntwfrm f` pbpns hfiinhtble cla hflvnyble

afdnstbh snwcen, blaustrbci wcstnwctnr cla stfrd wctnr Wnqubrns lf fl-sbtn prn-trnctdnlt cla stfrcen

Xnwnrs crn icba gnlnctj rfcas ct d/snh.) aurble pncm `ifws

_udpble stctbfls crn usna wjnl snwnrs gnhfdn tff annp

Jbejnr hcpbtci hfst (jbejnr tjcl sbdpib`bna snwnrcen)

Dcbltnlclhn bs hfstiy cla rnqubrns trcblna pnrsfllni clablvfivns blspnhtbfl, ulgifhmble cla rnpcbr

Nxtnlsbfl bs gftj hfstiy cla ab``bhuit


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Xnpcrctn Xnwnrcen

Xnwcen (gy sclbtcry snwnrcen) cla stfrd wctnr (gy stfrd

wctnr snwnrcen) crn hfiinhtna cla hflvnyna snpcrctniy

Effa `fr crncs f` brrneuicr jncvy rcbl`cii

Hcpbtci hfst bs jbejnr tjcl tjct f` hfdgblna snwnrcen

Fpnrctbflci hfsts crn dfanrctn

Hcl prfvban jbejnr invni f` jyebnln cla hfd`frt

@chbibtctns snpcrctn dclcendnlt f` snwcen cla stfrd wctnr,

cla rnusn f` stfrd wctnr An`nhts bl pbpns cla dcljfins cla biineci hfllnhtbfls hcl

rnsuit bl stfrd wctnr `ifw bltf sclbtcry snwnrcen

Xbdpib`bna (Hflafdblci) Xnwnrcen


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Xbdpib`bna (Hflafdblci) Xnwnrcen

^sns sdciinr abcdntnr pbpns (dbl. abc. 3??dd lft 3>? dd)

Icba ct sjciifwnr anptjs (hrfwl hfvnr rnauhna tf ?.1?.> d)

Xnwnrs crn lft gnlnctj tjn hnltrci rfcas, gut wbtjbl tjnprfpnrty gfulacrbns cla gnlnctj tjn sbanwcims

Icba ct ìcttnr ercabnlt tjcl hflvnltbflci snwnrcensifpn bsantnrdblna gy trchtbvn tnlsbfl (lft gy dblbdud vnifhbty)

Nxpnlsbvn dcljfins crn rnpichna gy sbdpin blspnhtbflhjcdgnrs fr ìusjble pfblts

Lnnas dfrn pnrbfabhci rndfvci f` gifhmcens cla ìusjble

Qf cvfba `rnqunlt hifeeble, shud cla jncvbnr sfibas cla ecrgcencrn f`tnl rndfvna prbfr tf nltry bltf tjn snwnr

Hcpbtci hfst bs ifwnr (>?-:?% inssnr tjcl hflvnltbflcisnwnrcen) cla fpnrctble hfsts crn ifwnr

Ncsbiy nxtnlacgin

Xubtcgin b` bltnrhnptfr tclms/ snptbh tclms/ ftjnr fl-sbtnprntrnctdnlt systnds cirncay nxbst

X iba @ X


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Xfibas @rnn Xnwnrcen

Ucstnwctnr bs snttina `fr sfibas rndfvci prbfr tf nltry bltfsnwnr

_rn-snttible ulbts (bltnrhnptfr tclms) rnqubrn dcbltnlclhn cla`rnqunlt ndptyble

Wndfvna siuaen dcy rnqubrn prfpnr trnctdnlt cla abspfsci

Pnry sdcii snwnr abcdntnr - ifwnr ercabnlt (nvnl lnectbvn

sifpn), `nwnr pudps, cla pbpns ct sjciifwnr anptj Xni` hinclsble vnifhbty dcy lft gn lnnana

Dcy rnqubrn `nwnr blspnhtbfl pfblts fr dcljfinsgut rnqubrnsdfrn `rnqunlt rnpcbrs cla rndfvci f` gifhmcens tjclhflvnltbflci systndsdcy cisf rnqubrn clluci `iusjble

Hcpbtci blvnstdnlt bs ifwnr cla fpnrctble hfst bs ifwnr

Cpprfprbctn `fr crncs wjnrn sfcm pbts crn blcpprfprbctn (ichmf` spchn, erfula wctnr gnble snlsbtbvn)

Ncsbiy nxtnlacgin cs tjn hfddulbty hjclens cla erfws


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_rnssurbzna Xnwnrcen

_udps rctjnr tjcl ercvbty bs usna tf trclspfrt snwcen Ninhtrbhci pfwnr blput bs dust `fr tjnsn systnds

Xnwcen bs hfiinhtna bltf c hfiinhtbfl tclm cla erfula prbfr tfciifwble bltf tjn snwnr

Dcy rnqubrn inssnr wctnr `fr tjn nxhrntc trclspfrtctbfl

Wnictbvniy sdciinr abcdntnr pbpns gubit bl sjciifw trnlhjns crnusna

Xystnd bs blanpnlanlt f` tjn tfpfercpjy

Cii systnd hfdpflnlts rnqubrn rneuicr snrvbhble

Cpprfprbctn `fr rfhmy cla jbiiy crncs cla `fr crncs wbtj jbejerfula wctnr tcgins

Hfst bs hfdpcrcgin tf c ercvbty snwnrcen fr inssnr


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Pchuud Xnwnrcen

Bt bs c jbej tnhj systnd cla rnqubrns wnii blstruhtna wfrmnrs

`fr bts fpnrctbfl cla dcbltnlclhn ^lsubtcgin `fr sni`-jnip.

C hnltrci vchuud sfurhn bs usna tf hflvny snwcen `rfdblabvbauci pfblts f` enlnrctbfl tf c hnltrci hfiinhtbfl stctbfl

Ucstnwctnr bs hcrrbna gy ercvbty `brst tf c hfiinhtbfl hjcdgnr Flhn wctnr invni bl tjn hjcdgnr rnchjns c snt vciun, c vcivn

wbii fpnl tf hrnctn vchuud cla suhm fut tjn wcstnwctnr

_fwnr (hflstclt nlnrey) bs rnqubrna tf hrnctn tjn vchuud

@inxbgin pbpniblns crn usna

_udpble hfsts crn ifwnr

Icren cdfults f` `iusjble wctnr hcl gn scvna

Dcy gn cpprfprbctn `fr tjn crncs sjfrt f` wctnr suppiy cla`fr crncs wbtj fgstchins `fr ercvbty `ifw


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Fpnl hjcllnis cla arcbls

Jcvn `rnn wctnr sur`chn Inss nxpnlsbvn, gut icla rnqubrndnlts crn rncsflcgiy jbej

Ifhciiy cvcbicgin dctnrbcis hcl gn usna bl tjn hflstruhtbfl

Dcy prfvn c sbdpin sfiutbfl `fr stfrd wctnr arcblcen

F`tnl, bl stnnp tnrrcbls, prfvbsbfls crn dcan tf sifw afwl tjn`ifw

Gncr dcly rbsms tf jncitj cla nlvbrfldnlt

Biineci abshjcren f` wcstnwctnr cla sfiba wcstn bs c rbsm

Hcl gn grnnable erfulas `fr pnsts cla blsnhts Hcl jcvn spbiifvnr cla `iffable rbsms, cla dcy rnqubrn rneuicr

hinclble

Dcy gn usna cs c snhflacry arcblcen systnd


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