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Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Male and female reproductive system
1.1 Female reproductive system
External genitals Internal reproductive organs
1.1.2a Female internal reproductive organs
6) Ovary
5) Fallopian tubes
6) Ovary4) Uterus
2) Vagina
3) Cervix
1.1.2b Female internal reproductive organs
4) Fallopian tube
5) Ovary
6) Pubic bone
3) Uterus
2) Cervix
1) Vagina
1.2.1 What is the function of the vagina?
10cm long, 2.5cm wide Thin walled passage leading from vulva
to cervix Receives the penis during sexual
intercourse At the end of pregnancy, it acts a birth
canal
1.2.5 What is the function of the uterus / womb?
Pear-shaped structure with thick muscular wall
Accepts fertilised ovum which becomes implanted into the uterine lining
Accommodates, nourishes and protects the embryo and foetus during pregnancy
1.2.6 What is the function of the oviduct / fallopian tubes?
Muscular tube lined with cilia (hair-like structures) and mucus-secreting cells
Helps to transfer ova from ovary into the uterus
Site of fertilisation (normally)
1.2.7 What is the function of the ovaries?
Consist of Graffian follicles which develop into female gametes
Produce female sex hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone
Think about this
What is ectopic pregnancy? Fertilized ovum is implanted
Fallopian tube Cervix Ovaries Abdomen
Ectopic pregnancy
2.1 Male reproductive system
External genitals Internal reproductive organs
2.2a Male internal reproductive organs
2) Erectile tissue
3) Testis
4) Epididymis 5) Vas deferens
6) Cowper’s gland
7) Prostate gland
8) Seminal vesicle
1) Urethra
2.3.1 What is the function of the penis?
Latin word for ‘tail’ Muscular erectile organ Consists of spongy tissue containing
blood spaces and blood vessels Introduces semen into the vagina of
female during sexual intercourse
2.3.2 What is the function of the scrotum?
Pouch of skin containing the testes Found outside the main body cavity
at a temperature slightly lower than body temperature, which is optimum for sperm production
The testis
2.3.3 What is the function of the testes?
Testes (plural) / Testis (singular) Each consists of hundreds of tiny
sperm tubules (seminiferous tubules)
Produce sperm Produce male sex hormone
testosterone
3.1 What is the difference between a sperm and an ovum?
3.2 Structure of sperm and ovum
1) Head
2) Middle piece
3) Tail
A) Nucleus
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondria
2) Plasma membrane 3) Cytoplasm
1) Protein coat 4) Nucleus
5) Nucleolus6) Chromosomes
3.3 Number produced
Sperm Millions of sperm released at each
ejaculation
Ovum Usually one ovum is released once in
about 28 days
3.4 Size
Sperm Much smaller than ovum
Ovum Much larger than sperm
3.5 Size of nucleus and cytoplasm
Sperm Small nucleus and little cytoplasm
Ovum Large nucleus and abundance of
cytoplasm
3.6 Mobility
Sperm Mobile Energy produced by mitochondria Activity nourished by seminal fluid
Ovum Immobile Moved along the oviduct by sweeping action of
cilia and peristaltic contractions of walls of oviduct