The Question: Focus Interest If you dont find something that
interests you, you wont invest the time in it, and it wont be a
good project. Topic the topic is the general category of thing you
are looking at. Its the landscape. Aristotles use has become the
cornerstone of the etymology, and it literally means place. Issue
the specific thing you are looking at in the landscape. Question A
question that is unanswered about the issue. Significance Why would
anybody care?
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Formulating a Research Question Name your topic I am studying
_____________________________ Formulate a question Because I want
to find out who/what/where/when/why_________________ State the
rationale (significance) In order to
understand/explain________________ adapted from: Booth, Wayne C.,
Gregory Colomb, and Joseph Williams. The Craft of Research.
Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1995.
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Topic
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Issue
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Question Or
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Formulating a Research Question Name your topic I am studying
the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde Formulate a question Because I
want to find out what the towers were for State the rationale
(significance) In order to understand why there was only one tower
per dwelling place
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Method Once the question has been asked, you have to design a
method for answering it: 1. Do a lot of living people know about X?
2. Are specialized apparatuses needed or useful for studying about
X? 3. Do only a few living people know about X? 4. Can I easily
observe X in its natural state? 5. Is there a lot of previous
research about X? 6. Are there written or photographic records
around the time/place of X?
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Quantitative If a lot of people know about X, then you can
conduct a survey (many questions) or poll (one question) then
tabulate the responses. Do you count how many calories you eat in a
day? Do you know how many calories you are supposed to eat in a
day? If you need specialized equipment to measure X, then the
measurement will be quantifiable. How many calories are in this
food?
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Qualitative If only a few people know about X, then you want to
collect as much data from those few people as possible. Did you see
anybody suspicious in the bushes last night? Did you go to the club
on Saturday? What was it like on the beaches of Normandy? If you
can observe X in a natural setting, then you want to write as many
notes as possible. How do women react differently than men at the
grocery store? At a clothing store? How do chimpanzees react to
speed metal?
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Interpretive If there is a lot of previous research about X,
then you can synthesize multiple sources about X. If there isnt
previous research about X, then you can look for previous research
on V and Y and attempt to triangulate X. If there isnt research at
all, then you can situate X through other means such as
photographs, letters, movies, diaries, novels, toys, technology,
clothing, art, and furthermore, absence or abundance of any of
these things.
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Plan If other research has been done on your topic, what have
they failed to find or account for? This is a good moment to begin
writing your introduction. Your introduction rough draft can come
when you have determined your research question, why it is
important, and why other researchers havent answered the research
question How will you go about following your method? Also in your
rough introduction, you want to outline how you will follow your
method, when you will study X, how you will study X. How will you
interpret your data? In qualitative studies, this involves
reviewing your observations, formulating interview questions,
reviewing the responses to those interview questions, possibly
coding the observations/interviews, and looking for patterns. In
quantitative studies, this involves statistical or mathematical
modeling against measures of significance.
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Timeline A major research project needs a timeline for each
step. Successful projects (and students) have a plan with
time-on-task measures along the way. I have attempted to insert
those into the syllabus, but it is up to you to create a timeline
for every step of the way. Timelines are best start in reverse,
from when something is due.
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Brainstorm Working with your SGR groups, begin formulating a
research question and plan for your SGR. Try to get research plan
approved from me by end of class.