SH 318- The Speech & Hearing Mechanism

Instructor: Dr. Bridget Russell

Time: 12:30-1:50

Room: McEwen G26

Expectations!!

*Science?

*Speech Pathology?

*Anatomy & Physiology?

Student’s Perspective

Your expectations

Future goals

Interests

Background

Information Fears

Learning

My Expectations!?!

Process

Basic Skills

Diagnosis

Therapy

Function

Structure

Resources

Syllabus

• Everything you need to know and more!!

• Guide for the semester

• Read carefully

• Course requirements

• Office hours

• Lab schedule

• Exam schedule

Text Information

• REQUIRED :

• Functional Anatomy of Speech, Language & Hearing. Perkins & Kent

• Other texts on Reserve

What will be covered?

• Respiratory System

• Laryngeal System

• Supraglottal System

• Hearing System

Exams

• Three exams

• 25% each

• Third exam (NOT cumulative)

• Concepts are integrated!

• Multiple Guess & T/F

• Final on exam week?

Research Articles

• 3 topic areas

• Due dates on syllabi

• 3 articles in each area

• Read and outline the article on the back

• 3 ring binder

• 15% of grade

Speech Science Lab

• Lab group assignments (Good times? Nov 13, 15,

27)

• Compile group report of measurements

• 10% of Grade

• Aerophone, CSL, Visipitch, Spirometer

Services & Help• Lectures- Internet

• Learning Center

• Labs

• Medical dictionary

• Other resources (articles, texts)

• Office hours & course policies

• TA- Questions & tutoring

The Speech Process

Nervous System Respiratory System

Phonatory System

ArticulatorySystem

Auditory System

The Circle

• Nervous System– Encodes ideas– Control of speech muscles

• Respiratory System– Generation of air pressure– Drives the sound generator

• Phonatory System (Laryngeal)– Muscles of the larynx– Vibratory energy

The Circle

• Articulatory System (Supralaryngeal)

– Muscles of the vocal tract

– Expends vibratory energy

• Auditory System

– Ear, Muscles, Bones

– Transforms the acoustic waves of speech

General Terms

• Anatomy: The study of the structure of an

organism

• Physiology: The study of the function of the

living organism and its parts as well as the

chemical processes involved

• Related fields: Cytology, Histology, Osteology,

Myology, arthrology, neurology

Building Blocks of Anatomy: Tissue• Cells & Tissues:

– 100 trillion cells

1) Function:– ingestion of nutrients– breakdown & utilization of nutrients; metabolic,

discharge of wastes– Four Basic Types of Tissue:

• epithelium• connective tissue• nerve• muscle

Tissue

• Epithelium

– Sheets of cells covering external surfaces of

the body & line cavities

– Cells; little intracellular substance, adhere,

avascular

– Function: Protection & Absorption

– Glandular, myepithelium, neuroepithelium

Tissue

• Epithelium (cont.)– Classified by cell layers:

• simple epithelium

• stratified

– Classified by shape:• squamous

• cubodial

• columnar

Tissue• Connective

– Types: Connective tissue proper, cartilage & bone

1) Connective tissue proper:• few living cells

• nonliving intracellular material

• 3 types of tissue: collagen, elastic, reticular

• Loose

• Dense (irregular, regular: tendons, ligaments)

A. Collagen Fibers

A. ReticularFibers

A. Elastic Fibers

B. Dense IrregularConnective

Tissue C. Dense RegularConnective

Tissue

A. Loose (3)

Connective Tissue

Tissue• Connective Tissue Proper (cont.)

– Tendon: regular connective tissue; attach muscle to bone

– Ligaments: regular connective tissue; connects bones and cartilage's

2) Cartilage:– rigid consistency, flexibility, slight elasticity

– form resistant to pressure (unlike CTP)

– composed of matrix (cytoplasm)

– 3 types: Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous

Cartilage

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrous