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© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 1 of 13
Shaking out: The future of the US Navy's surface combatant fleet
[Content preview – Subscribe to Jane’s Defence Weekly for full article]
The US Navy’s surface-combatant fleet is facing a tumultuous time. Although on the cusp
of benefitting from some of its most promising programmes, the navy is facing an internal
and external crisis. Michael Fabey reports on how the navy will try to get back on course
Following a number of fatal collisions involving capital warships on routine patrols, the US Navy
(USN) appears to be in a state of crisis. Perhaps more worryingly, those mishaps involved ballistic
missile defence (BMD) ships in the Western Pacific just as North Korea began to dial up its missile
threat.
At the same time several programmes at various stages of completion hold the promise of
increased capability for the USN. The DDG 1000 Zumwalt-class destroyer programme is going
through final testing and work on its combat system; development of the Flight III Arleigh-Burke
destroyer is progressing, with deliveries remaining on schedule and at or below cost projections;
the service’s Littoral Combat Ships (LCSs) are gaining operational praise as they run through
block production; and requirements have been set for successor guided-missile frigates. Thus,
under normal circumstances the USN surface fleet would seem to be on a safe, sound, and
successful course.
The guided-missile destroyer USS Zumwalt (DDG 1000), the USN's most technologically advanced surface ship, pictured on 8 December 2016, underway in formation with the Littoral Combat Ship USS Independence (LCS 2) on the final leg of a three-month journey to its new homeport in San Diego. (US Navy)
1651238
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 2 of 13
However, politically and publicly the USN’s surface-ship community and its leadership are facing
some of the roughest seas the fleet has weathered in decades. This is primarily the result of the
spate of mishaps and accidents that have plagued vessel operations: there have been four since
the middle of the decade, which represents a third of all major surface-ship accidents over the last
10 years.
The USN has always battled concerns over cost, relevancy, and programmatic stewardship, much
like every military branch, but this is the first time the service’s ability to conduct fundamental
seagoing operations has ever been brought into question. The USN has never before had to prove
that it could handle basic seamanship.
However, the accidents have done more than put the USN’s prestige and reliability on the line:
they have taken much-needed surface ships offline.
USS Fitzgerald collided with a Philippine-flagged merchant cargo ship off the Japanese coast on 17 June. The USN later confirmed that seven missing sailors were found dead in flooded berthing compartments inside the ship. (US Navy)
1704243
The surface ships in question are the guided-missile destroyers equipped with upgraded Aegis
combat systems that can better accommodate BMD missions. These ships are conducting “very
high-end missions to go out and detect, track, and then shoot these ballistic missiles down out of
the sky”, Admiral John Richardson, USN Chief of Naval Operations, told sailors and officers during
a 15 November visit to Kitsap Naval Base in Washington state. “It’s getting very sophisticated,” he
added.
BMD ships are a commodity that is very much in demand, given the development, deployment,
and proliferation of advanced ballistic missiles. As of mid-2017 US combatant commanders said
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 3 of 13
they required 77 BMD ships worldwide, but the USN was only deploying 34. In the Western Pacific
– where the United States arguably faces its biggest BMD challenge with expanding Chinese
capabilities and the emerging North Korean missile threat – the USN's 7th Fleet has controlled just
10–14 of those specially equipped destroyers and cruisers at any one time, with 11 based in
Yokosuka, Japan. Due to maintenance, training, and repositioning schedules, only a third of those
ships were truly operational at any given moment.
USS Fitzgerald , pictured here before its collision with a merchant cargo ship in June 2017. The ship is pictured leaving Dry Dock 4 out of Yokosuka, Japan, to move to a new position. (US Navy)
1717356
One of those Western Pacific BMD-equipped destroyers, USS Fitzgerald , collided on 17 June with
a merchant cargo ship off the Japanese coast, while another, USS John S McCain , collided with
an oil tanker near the eastern entrance of the Strait of Malacca on 20 August. “The loss of two of
these ships is not insignificant,” Thomas Karako, a senior fellow in the International Security
programme at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, told Jane’s .
Ahead of these incidents the USN already had no deployable BMD ships to spare, according to
Robert Haddick, author of Fire on the Water: China, America and the Future of the Pacific .
[Continued in full version…]
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 4 of 13
The AMDR is characterised as an advanced, high-power active-array radar that can simultaneously support long-range, exo-atmospheric detection, tracking, and discrimination of ballistic missiles as well as area and self-defence against air and surface threats. The next generation of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers will be equipped with AMDRs, making them more efficient BMD vessels. (Raytheon)
1454294
Under review
Due to their scarcity BMD ships are in high demand. However, that high operational tempo – as
well as disparate bridge-control configurations and a general lack of basic training – has led not
only to the McCain and Fitzgerald collisions but also to the other recent surface-ship mishaps,
according to the USN Comprehensive Review that was released in November. Additionally, a 29
November report on a 9 May collision between the guided-missile cruiser USS Lake Champlain
and a South Korean fishing boat made similar findings.
The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS John S McCain (DDG 56) departs Singapore on the heavy-lift transport MV Treasure on 11 October 2017 following its collision with an oil tanker the previous August. (US Navy)
1717355
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 5 of 13
The review also called for the USN to re-evaluate its surface-ship BMD operations and urged the
service to do a better job of integrating its various navigation set-ups on bridges throughout the
fleet. The need for BMD operations has placed additional burdens on the fleet, while confusion
concerning different bridge-control systems has also created problems in ship navigation, the
report said.
“Increased BMD and presence missions [as well as additional] tasking to support exercises and
experimentation exceeded the capacity that can be reasonably generated from Japan-based
ships,” the review stated.
En route to Yokosuka for repairs, the guided missile destroyer USS John S McCain (DDG 56) departs Subic Bay in the Philippines on 28 November on board heavy-lift transport vessel MV Treasure following its collision with an oil tanker near the Strait of Malacca on 20 August. (US Navy)
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According to the report, the resources available from Japan-based ships were adequate to meet
the operational demands in the Western Pacific before 2015, but since then operational demand
has increased substantially. The report recommended that the USN should evaluate overall BMD
capacity within the fleet.
The need for BMD and other operations kept ships at sea, even when they should have been in
port for maintenance and crew-training. The report highlighted that, despite these issues, there
was a 'can do' attitude that drove sailors and surface warfare officers (SWOs) to treat every task
like a priority and get their ships out to sea – ready or not – to execute missions.
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 6 of 13
As a result, the report noted that some modern integrated bridge system installations were
deferred, which meant some destroyers and cruisers had different bridge-control systems and set-
ups, making it impossible for sailors from one ship to work on another and to be able to expect
familiar equipment or layouts. Such confusion was noted as a factor in at least one of the recent
collisions.
Whatever the reasons for the accidents, they could not have come at a worse time – especially in
the Western Pacific, where USN patrols have been squaring off against more aggressive Chinese
forces in recent years. Looking partly to reassure allies, the USN has had three carrier strike
groups (CSGs) converge on the Western Pacific – for the first time in that ocean region in about a
decade – for a set of exercises and drills.
Three F/A-18E Super Hornets fly in formation over the aircraft carriers USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71), USS Nimitz (CVN 68), and their strike groups, along with ships from the Republic of Korea Navy, as they transit the Western Pacific. (US Navy/Lt Aaron B Hicks)
1711845
Those drills have provided the USN with a unique opportunity to aggregate a major naval force,
Rear Admiral Gregory Harris, commander of CSG 11, told Jane’s aboard its anchor ship, USS
Nimitz . Normally, he noted, a CSG enters an area of responsibility and some of the smaller
surface ships assigned to a group will leave the main force to perform solo tasks and missions. He
said that often a CSG will focus on disaggregating the force: steaming together as a group and
then peeling off ships for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) operations, smaller
exercises, and to work with allies and partner navies and coastguards.
During the tri-carrier exercises the USN had the opportunity to see how best to combine such a
large concentration of carrier power and how foreign forces could be integrated into such a mass.
As a bonus the USN also integrated Japanese and South Korean naval and air forces with the
CSGs.
[Continued in full version…]
Future force
The USN released a new Force Structure Assessment (FSA) on 15 December 2016 that called for
achieving and maintaining a fleet of 355 ships, replacing a 308-ship force-level goal that the navy
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 7 of 13
released in March 2015. The service conducts an FSA every few years, as circumstances require.
The actual size of the navy in recent years has been between 270 and 290 ships, the
Congressional Research Service (CRS) noted in a November report.
“The roughly 15% increase in the new 355-ship plan over the previous 308-ship plan can be
viewed as a navy response to, among other things, China’s continuing naval modernisation effort;
resurgent Russian naval activity, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic
Ocean; and challenges that the navy has sometimes faced, given the current total number of ships
in the navy, in meeting requests from the various regional US combatant commanders for day-to-
day in-region presence of forward-deployed navy ships,” the CRS reported.
The 355-vessel fleet includes an 18.2 % increase in large surface combatants, such as LCSs,
frigates, cruisers, and destroyers, from 88 vessels to 104 under the 308-ship plan. The only other
ship types slated for a larger increase are attack submarines, with a projected 37.5% increase
from 48 to 66 boats, and expeditionary support base ships, the numbers of which would double
from three to six.
Within that large surface combatant mix, one of the most anticipated sets of vessels are the
upgraded Arleigh Burke-class destroyers and the new DDG 1000 class, the lead ship of which,
USS Zumwalt , is now going through combat system testing.
USS Zumwalt , pictured here in the Atlantic Ocean in December 2015, is progressing through combat system testing. (General Dynamics Bath Iron Works)
1633886
With an estimated full-load displacement of 15,612 tonnes, the DDG 1000 design is roughly 64%
larger than the USN’s 9,500-tonne Aegis cruisers and destroyers, and larger than any navy
destroyer or cruiser since the nuclear-powered cruiser USS Long Beach (CGN 9), which was
procured in fiscal year 1957 (FY 1957). Zumwalt is similar in size to a cruiser and has a futuristic
stealthy design and construction, a power-generation margin for directed-energy weapons, and a
set of 155 mm guns that can fire projectiles out to about 63 n miles. This offers a land-attack
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 8 of 13
potential that the USN has not had for many years and one that the US Marine Corps (USMC) is
awaiting.
However, there will only be three DDG 1000s in service. The first two ships were procured in FY
2007 and the USN’s FY 2018 budget submission estimates their combined procurement cost at
USD9.1 billion. The third DDG 1000 was procured in FY 2009 and the USN’s 2018 budget
submission estimates its procurement cost at USD3.7 billion.
The first DDG 1000 was commissioned into service on 15 October 2016 and, according to the FY
2018 budget, delivery is scheduled for May 2018, while the delivery for the second ship is now
slated for May 2020 and the third ship by December 2021.
Ralph Johnson (DDG 114) seen during builder's sea trials in the Gulf of Mexico during July. The second restart destroyer from HII is scheduled to be commissioned in March. (Huntington Ingalls Industries )
1704802
About a decade ago the Zumwalt-class ships were supposed to anchor the future of the surface
fleet. However, the USN eventually determined that revamped Arleigh Burke-class ships with a
more-advanced radar would better address BMD needs and so the mainstay of the destroyer fleet
will be the advanced Flight III Arleigh Burke.
DDG 51s are built by General Dynamics’ Bath Iron Works in Maine and Huntington Ingalls
Industries’ (HII’s) Ingalls Shipbuilding of Pascagoula, Mississippi. The USN started the DDG 51
programme in the late 1970s, the first ship was procured in FY 1985, and the first destroyer
entered service in 1991. By the end of FY 2016, 62 were in service and another 77 were procured
during FY 2017.
The navy is now shifting to the Flight III DDG 51, which will incorporate the new and more capable
AN/SPY-6(V) AMDR.
Ship construction of the next-generation Arleigh Burkes is going well, according to Michael Petters,
HII's CEO. He told financial investment analysts on 8 November during a quarterly earnings call
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 9 of 13
that HII engineers saw nothing they would label as “unobtainium” from the standpoint of “How the
heck are we going to build that?"
[Continued in full version…]
LCS to frigates
As the USN shores up its destroyer fleet, the service is also ramping up on LCS production and
deployments.
“When we really use [an] LCS to its full potential, we use it like a ninja warrior,” said Rear Admiral
Don Gabrielson, commander of the USN's Task Force 73. “It sneaks in from the shadows, it
attacks from the shadows and then it disappears. It’s gone immediately or before anybody has a
chance to locate it. It gets lost in the clutter of the islands so that it complicates anyone’s ability to
attack it,” he explained.
Rear Adm Gabrielson’s comments were included in a talking points paper that was circulated
internally in the USN by the LCS Program Executive Office (PEO). The PEO paper noted that LCS
deployments thus far to Southeast Asia had demonstrated the value of LCSs in terms of sea
control and distributed lethality: a concept being pushed by the USN to add more power and punch
to a greater number of its surface ships.
A Harpoon Block 1C missile is launched from the Littoral Combat Ship USS Coronado (LCS 4)
during Exercise 'RIMPAC 2016'. (US Navy) 1696636
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 10 of 13
The USN plans to deploy LCS vessels for surface, anti-submarine, and mine countermeasures
(MCM) operations, switching out different mission-module packages depending on which
operation-specific equipment and personnel the ship may need.
The paper said LCS module development is also on track, noting that the “mature” surface warfare
package was fielded in 2014.
“The next focus is on Longbow Hellfire surface-to-surface missile-module [SSMM] capability,” the
paper said, adding, “Integration testing is going well to support 2018 delivery.”
Although the Hellfire missiles would meet initial LCS requirements, USN SWOs and US combatant
commanders – particularly Admiral Harry Harris, the commander of Pacific Command – have been
pushing for a longer-range weapon: an over-the-horizon (OTH) missile. USS Coronado deployed
to the Western Pacific with a Harpoon missile system for operational testing. The USN has issued
a request for proposals (RFP) for an OTH missile for LCSs and successor frigates.
A Harpoon missile is launched from the missile deck of the Littoral Combat Ship USS Coronado (LCS 4) off the coast of Guam in August. (US Navy)
1699574
For the MCM package all airborne MCM systems – the Airborne Laser Mine Detection System
(ALMDS), the Airborne Mine Neutralisation System (AMNS), and the AN/DVS-1 Coastal Battlefield
Reconnaissance and Analysis (COBRA) MCM system – have achieved initial operational
capability (IOC). Meanwhile, the USN is testing an MCM unmanned surface vehicle (USV) as a
platform for an unmanned influence sweep system (UISS), which will also serve as the platform for
the minehunting sonar that has been operated for 240 hours in the water during contractor testing.
Testing of the Knifefish unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) is also reported to be going well.
The PEO paper stated that 11 LCS vessels have been delivered and 18 more are in construction
or under contract.
There are two LCS variants: one is a steel mono-hull ship built by Lockheed Martin, while the other
is Austal USA’s all-aluminium trimaran. Both have completed initial operational test and evaluation
(IOT&E) and achieved IOC, the PEO noted.
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 11 of 13
The keel was laid and authenticated on 15 November 2017 for Kansas City (LCS 22) at Austal
USA's yard in Mobile, Alabama.
Meanwhile, Lockheed Martin was awarded a USD22.7 million contract modification during the
same month to start building an LCS variant for Saudi Arabia as part of a Foreign Military Sales
deal.
The USN's minehunting Knifefish UUV is continuing with testing, which is reported to be going well. (General Dynamics Mission Systems)
1693373
The USN will be phasing out LCS production by FY 2020 to build its new guided-missile frigates
(FFG(X)), the design of which may be based on one of the two LCS designs. Either way the
service is committed to a programme of LCSs and frigates that will provide a combined fleet of 52
ships.
The USN has issued a RFP for its FFG(X) and on 17 November it provided prospective bidders
with more details of the requirements for the ship and the programme. While the cost for the new
USN FFG(X) vessels will be an important consideration, the service will put more weight on other
combined ship and programmatic attributes. “Non-price factors, when combined, are considered
significantly more important than the price factor,” USN officials told industry.
The target basic construction cost for FFG(X) is USD495 million, the USN said, which does not
include the cost of non-recurring construction plans and other associated costs for a lead ship,
government-furnished combat or weapon systems, or change orders. The programme office will
consider existing parent designs for a small surface combatant that can be modified to
accommodate FFG(X) requirements. By “mature parent designs” the USN says it means a ship
design that has been through production and been “demonstrated [full scale]” at sea.
The programme office also wants to drive down lifecycle costs and “use common navy systems
across the radar, combat system, C4ISR systems, and launcher elements, while encouraging hull,
mechanical, and electrical system commonality with other USN platforms”.
[Continued in full version…]
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 12 of 13
Righting the fleet
However, even with the future frigates, LCSs, and destroyers slated for the service, there will not
be enough ships to meet the planned future USN’s surface fleet size or fleet requirements. To do
that the service is considering recommissioning ships, increasing their lifespans, or even putting
nuclear power on other vessels besides aircraft carriers and submarines.
“Something in the order of 350 to 360 ships is what we need to meet our responsibilities for the
nation,” Adm Richardson said at Kitsap Naval Base on 15 November. “We’ve got about 280 ships
right now,” he said. “How do we bridge that gap? How do we grow naval power as fast as we can?
We’re looking at every possibility. Recommissioning frigates was something that we just needed to
look at. How much would it cost, and what would be the return on that investment in terms of naval
power, and then how did that compare with other areas where we could spend that money?”, the
admiral asked.
USS Fitzgerald (DDG 62) is towed away from the pier at Fleet Activities (FLEACT) Yokosuka in Japan. Gaps in training have been cited as a likely factor in causing it to collide with a merchant cargo ship off the Japanese coast on 17 June last year. (US Navy)
1717353
He added, “If we build towards a bigger navy, more naval power, are we considering more
nuclear-powered surface ships? Are you going to bring back the nuclear cruisers? We’ll see. We
take a look at that every single time. We start it from the ground up, and we look at every aspect of
the ship. Not just propulsion, but every system. It really comes down to what’s best for the
situation.”
Although increasing the number of ships is a step in the right direction, it is worth noting that
having the full required number of vessels will not mean a thing if USN officers and sailors fail to
properly operate them. To do that Adm Richardson cautioned that sailors and officers need to get
the right training, familiarise themselves with the fundamentals and the equipment on their
particular ships, and be fully aware of their surroundings and their own health.
© 2017 IHS. No portion of this report may be reproduced, reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written
consent, with the exception of any internal client distribution as may be permitted in the license agreement between client and IHS. Content reproduced or redistributed with IHS permission must display IHS legal notices and attributions of authorship. The
information contained herein is from sources considered reliable but its accuracy and completeness are not warranted, nor are the
opinions and analyses which are based upon it, and to the extent permitted by law, IHS shall not be liable for any errors or
omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained herein.
Page 13 of 13
Citing the Fitzgerald and McCain mishaps, he said, “These people, they just hadn’t done it. They
hadn’t gone through any of the training and qualification. Some of this is very, very fundamental.”
The USN's Comprehensive Review included recommendations for training, qualifications, and
readiness that strike to the core of surface navy operations.
“Some of it is going to change training pipelines, schools, those sorts of things,” Adm Richardson
said. “It’s a very broad and comprehensive programme. I’ve assigned a four-star admiral to run
that programme to make sure we do everything we possibly can to prevent something like that
from happening again,” he noted.
[Continued in full version…]
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