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Peter Clutterbuck
CEO 3Legs Resources
CERA Week March 7 2012
Shale Gas in Europe
Gathering momentum after a slow start?
2
This document has been prepared by 3Legs Resources plc (the “Company”) and is the sole responsibility of the Company. For the purposes of this
document, the presentation that follows (the "Presentation") shall mean and include the slides that follow, the oral briefing provided by the Company
on the slides, the question and-answer session that follows that oral presentation and any materials distributed at, or in connection with the
presentation. The Presentation does not constitute or form part of any offer to sell or issue or invitation to purchase or subscribe for, or any solicitation
of any offer to purchase or subscribe for, any securities of the Company, nor shall it or any part of it nor the fact of its distribution form the basis of, or
be relied on in connection with, any contract or investment decision in relation thereto. The information and opinions contained in the Presentation are
provided as at the date of the Presentation and are subject to change.
To the extent available, the industry, market and competitive position data contained in the Presentation comes from official or third party sources.
Third party industry publications, studies and surveys generally state that the data contained therein have been obtained from sources believed to be
reliable, but that there is no guarantee of the accuracy or completeness of such data. While the Company reasonably believes that each of these
publications, studies and surveys has been prepared by a reputable source, the Company has not independently verified the data contained therein. In
addition, certain of the industry, market and competitive position data contained in the Presentation comes from the Company’s own internal research
and estimates based on the knowledge and experience of the Company’s management in the markets in which the Company operates. While the
Company reasonably believes that such research and estimates are reasonable and reliable, they, and their underlying methodology and
assumptions, have not been verified by any independent source for accuracy or completeness and are subject to change. Accordingly, undue reliance
should not be placed on any of the industry, market or competitive position data contained in the Presentation.
The information contained in the Presentation does not purport to be comprehensive. No reliance may or should be placed by any for any purposes
whatsoever on the information contained in this document or any other material discussed at the Presentation, or on its completeness, accuracy or
fairness. Neither the Company nor any of its respective directors, officers, employees, advisers or agents accepts any responsibility or liability
whatsoever for/or makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the truthfulness, accuracy or completeness of the information in the
Presentation (or whether any information has been omitted from the Presentation) or any other information relating to the Company, its subsidiaries or
associated companies, whether written, oral or in a visual or electronic form, and howsoever transmitted or made available or for any loss howsoever
arising from any use of the Presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection therewith. Recipients of the Presentation should conduct
their own investigation, evaluation and analysis of the business, data and property described therein.
The shares of the Company have not been, and will not be, registered under the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “US Securities Act”)
and may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an exemption from, or a transaction not subject to, the registration
requirements of the US Securities Act or unless registered under the US Securities Act..
The information in the Presentation may include forward-looking statements, which are based on current expectations and projections about future
events. These forward-looking statements, as well as those included in any other material discussed at the Presentation, are subject to risks,
uncertainties and assumptions about the Company and its subsidiaries and investments, including, among other things, the development of its
business, trends in its operating industry, future capital expenditures and impact of regulatory initiatives. In light of these risks, uncertainties and
assumptions, the events in the forward-looking statements may not occur. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any
such forward-looking statement.
Disclaimer
European shale resources compared with US
Environment
Communities
Economy
Energy security
Europe’s potential shale
gas resources are 639 tcf
compared with USA’s 862
tcf (EIA)
But Europe is different in its priorities
3
The case for shale gas in Europe
• Natural gas for fuel
— Uses
Industrial, commercial, domestic, CNG
— Alternatives
Mainly oil products: gas is cheaper, cleaner
• Natural gas for power
— Alternatives for a balanced energy mix:
Coal. Gas is cleaner, lower capex, faster lead time
Wind. Gas has less surface impact
Nuclear. Gas has lower capex, faster lead time, is safer
Hydro. Gas has lower capex, faster lead time, lower environmental footprint
• Domestic gas vs imported gas
— Domestic gas generates Government revenue, employment, security of supply, improved trade balance
— Domestic gas can be priced competitively with imported piped gas or LNG
• Shale gas vs conventional gas
— Shale gas has all of the advantages of conventional natural gas
— The resource potential can be much larger than conventional gas
— The environmental risks are broadly similar to conventional gas, and can be managed
Drilling Lebien LE-1
4
Shale players in Europe in 2011
Shale exploration regions
Existing LNG terminals
Planned LNG terminals
NabuccoG
ALSI
Major Gas Fields
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Romania
Poland
HungaryAustria
Sweden
Shale exploration regions
Existing LNG terminals
Planned LNG terminals
Nabucco
GA
LSI
Major Gas Fields
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Romania
Poland
HungaryAustria
Sweden• Independents usually first movers
• Majors in earlier than in US
• Poland Baltic Basin is the most active region
5
Gas import pipelines and LNG
Shale exploration regions
Existing LNG terminals
Planned LNG terminals
Nabucco
GA
LSI
Major Gas Fields
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Romania
Poland
HungaryAustria
Sweden
6
Pipelines from
Russia, Norway,
North Africa
LNG from Africa,
Middle East
Europe’s reliance on gas imports
7
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Poland Europe France Germany Italy
Russia Norw ay Algeria Netherlands Others
Gas Consumption by Source
European gas price generally 3 - 4 times Henry Hub
Primary energy supply: dependence on coal and nuclear
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Poland Czech
Republic
France Germany Hungary Italy Romania Slovakia Spain
Nuclear Hydroelectric Coal Oil Gas
Hard coal and lignite
currently account for
60% of Poland’s energy
mix and 90% of
electricity production
Natural gas has about
30% less carbon
emissions than oil per
unit of energy, and 40-
50% less than coal
Baltic Basin Fairway: EIA report
9
Shale Gas Basins of Poland
= Non-Prospective area
= Prospective area
European Conventional and
Shale Gas Resources
Country
Proved
Natural
Gas
Reserves,
tcf
Technically
Recoverable Shale
Gas Resources, tcf
Poland 6 187
France 0 180
Norway 72 83
Ukraine 39 42
Sweden 0 41
Denmark 2 23
UK 9 20
Netherlands 49 17
Turkey 0 15
Germany 6 8
Lithuania 0 4
Others 3 19
EIA assessment of gas resources
10
3Legs Resources – a first mover in European shale
• IPO on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange
(ticker: 3LEG) in June 2011, raising £62.5 million
• 3Legs Resources is operating for co-venture partner
ConocoPhillips, leveraging its experience at Eagle
Ford, Bakken and Barnett shales in the US, producing
40,000 boepd from these shales (oil and gas)
Vertical shale wells in 2010
Łebień LE-1 Fracced with natural gas produced to surface
Łęgowo LE-1 Natural gas recovered
Horizontal shale wells in 2011
Łebień LE-2H horizontal well Horizontal 13 stage frac
Production tested with sustained gas flow
First sustained shale gas production in Poland
Warblino LE-1H horizontal well Horizontal 7 stage frac
Production tested shale gas
Gas pipeline
Depth to Top Ordovician & Thermal Maturity
Typical
North
Sea
Block
Łebień LE1,
Łebień LE-2H
Łęgowo LE1
10 km Oil
Wet Gas / Condensate
“Over-Mature”
Gas
Forties Field
for size comparison
Warblino LE-1H
An evolution rather than revolution
• Early days in Europe
— 20+ year history in US shale gas, and over a million hydraulic frac operations
Limited experience of shale gas in Europe
Less well data, and smaller, more complex basins
US experience indicates many wells over several years are needed to understand new basin plays, and
optimise frac and completion design
— Landowner incentives in US: no local ownership of revenue benefits in Europe
— The lack of oilfield service sector capacity, suitable equipment and a skilled labour force are potential bottlenecks
However, service sector (rigs, frac fleets) have anticipated demand and built supply
• Europe is densely populated and has more stringent environmental regulations
— Developing shale gas can have a potentially more disruptive effect
— Looks to the US for evidence of environmental impact of fraccing
• Appetite for shale gas varies across the continent
— Eastern Europe is motivated by the need for energy security and economic growth
Poland positive as a result of potential reserves combined with energy diversification and energy security
— Western Europe is more heavily influenced by environmental aspects and community acceptance
France, and then Bulgaria, have imposed a moratorium on fraccing, initiated largely by anti-fraccing activism
11
Oil and gas industry's role in making progress
Why collaborate?
— Acting independently may preserve competitive advantage, but slows progress and increases costs
— Acting collaboratively reduces risk and accelerates solutions
— Companies may share ideas:
Publicly, or confidentially
In groups, or bilaterally
Types of information sharing
— Data exchange: mainly subsurface
— Best practice sharing: completion / frac design, environmental, public relations
— Contractors’ role in sharing best practice whilst preserving confidentiality
— Industry groups: OGP, country associations (viz OPPPW in Poland), SPE
— Joint lobbying with Governments, EU
Outcomes from sharing
— Any early success upgrades the value for regional players
— Regional exploration and appraisal costs are shared, reducing the net cost of a discovery
— Government and public relations are enhanced: they will also benefit
— Standardised, practical regulatory and fiscal environment
Slower build-up than in conventional oil and gas
13
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Seismic Exploration
wells
Appraisal
wells
Build
pilot
Pilot
production
Plan full
development
Construct Production
Typical timeline
Optimise frac and
completion design
Develop gas markets and
regional infrastructure
Government approvals
Raise finance
Critical processes
Engage communities
Locate “sweet spots”
Development
decision
Our approach to the environment and community
• Ensuring operations are properly managed and sustainable
— For the environment
Protecting air quality, reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Independent monitoring of seismic activity during frac operations
Protecting ground water though multiple casings and cement
Water use efficiency: pumped from well pad and recycled
Minimum additive use in fraccing fluid; no harmful additives
— For the local community
Minimising surface footprint: (multi-well pads)
The rig is moved after 1-2 months of drilling, leaving low profile wells
Low noise impacts: modern, automated drilling rig
• Regular, transparent communication with all stakeholders
• Local community; media; regulators (local, national and EU)
• A high quality framework exists within existing EU Member State
regulation and EU Directives, applicable to shale operations
14 Government and community will not support unless this is done
15
Managing subsurface environmental aspects
Ground water protection through
multiple casing strings
Frac operations at
Łebień LE-2H
16
2011 Shale drilling operations in Poland
Gas bubbling in core Seismic acquisition
Top drive
Frac operations