Shared Control of Natural Resources Spatial Database for

Plannllllg and Monitoring Re~ource Use Change

November 1994

SHARED CONTROL OF NATURAL RESOURCES

SPATIAL DATABASE FOR PLANNING AND

MONITORING RESOURCE USE CHANGE1

Gamini P Batuwitag~

INTRODUCTION

Shared Control of Natural Resources (SCOR) project is a research

project implemented as a collaborative effort of the Government of

Sri Lanka the United States Agency for International development

and the International Irrigation Management Institute The project

combines both research and development interventions for achieving

sustainable productivity of natural resources ~n pilot watersheds

(map 1) Its role is to act as a catalyst facilitating change in

the resources use patterns from an observed sub-optimal status to

a possible l desirable and sustainable status articulated jointly

with the resources users (figure 1 and 2)

This change is attempted through shared control of resources

str ng a balance between production and protection The planning

approach is illustrated in figure 3 SCOR teams developed work

plans with the resources users user organizations relevant

government agencies at various levels and with those who have

expert knowledge on specific areas of interventions setting targets

achievable within a given period of time It is this process of

effecting change that has to be monitored and evaluated to

ascertain the vjability of the SCOR model of intervention in the

watershed resource management

Paper presented to the 10th International Program Review of Internationl Irrigation Management Institute IIMI 7-11 November 1994 Colombo Sri Lanka

Monitoring amp Evaluation Specialist Shared Control of Natural Resources (SCOR) Project International Irrigation Management Institute IIMI

- 1 -

Me

C

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LOCATIONS Of PILOT WATERSHEDS - SCOR PROJECT C

C

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SHARED CONTROL OF NATURAL RESOURCES

SPATIAL DATABASE FOR PLANNING AND

MONITORING RESOURCE USE CHANGE1

Gamini P Batuwitag~

INTRODUCTION

Shared Control of Natural Resources (SCOR) project is a research

project implemented as a collaborative effort of the Government of

Sri Lanka the United States Agency for International development

and the International Irrigation Management Institute The project

combines both research and development interventions for achieving

sustainable productivity of natural resources ~n pilot watersheds

(map 1) Its role is to act as a catalyst facilitating change in

the resources use patterns from an observed sub-optimal status to

a possible l desirable and sustainable status articulated jointly

with the resources users (figure 1 and 2)

This change is attempted through shared control of resources

str ng a balance between production and protection The planning

approach is illustrated in figure 3 SCOR teams developed work

plans with the resources users user organizations relevant

government agencies at various levels and with those who have

expert knowledge on specific areas of interventions setting targets

achievable within a given period of time It is this process of

effecting change that has to be monitored and evaluated to

ascertain the vjability of the SCOR model of intervention in the

watershed resource management

Paper presented to the 10th International Program Review of Internationl Irrigation Management Institute IIMI 7-11 November 1994 Colombo Sri Lanka

Monitoring amp Evaluation Specialist Shared Control of Natural Resources (SCOR) Project International Irrigation Management Institute IIMI

- 1 -

Me

C

C

C

C

C

C

LOCATIONS Of PILOT WATERSHEDS - SCOR PROJECT C

C

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1 Huruluwewa

2 UPPH NUwrna

- 2 shy

Typ

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Wat

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SCOR

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LOCATIONS Of PILOT WATERSHEDS - SCOR PROJECT C

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Figure 3middot

APARTICIPATORY MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

LTK

PRA

INFORMATION

INPUT

NATIONAL

PROVINCIAL

STEERING

COIdMI HEE

APPRAISAL

USER GROUPS

PARTICIPATORY CONSTRAINT ANALYSIS

ON CRITICAL RESOURCE USE

IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS

OF RESOURCE USE

IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES

FOR PRACTI CE

ELABORATION OF DESIRED OUTPUT REQUIRED INPUT

ANTICIPATED EFFECTS AND IMPACT

WITH METHODS OF SM amp E

PARTICIPATORY APPRAISAL amp RANKING

OF POTENTIAL PRACTICES

FOR SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE

I----_~ ADOPTION OF PRACTICES

Knowledgl

Appraisal

SELF ASSESSMENT MONITORING

FOR EVALUATION

Monitoring amp Evaluation

- 5 -

SCOR

TECHNICAL

I NF ORNATI ON

INPUT

SCOR

SPPLEMENTARY

INPUT

I

LTK bull Local TechnIcal

PRA bull PartiCipatory Rural

Sid amp E bull Self assessment and

bullbullbullsince SCOR aims at changing the use patterns of resources on

physical landscape it has to use a volume of spatial data bull laquoAlthough some of these data are available as secondary data quite

a sizeable portion of the data will have to be generated through a I participatory mode of action This paper illustrates how this

spatial data base is created and managed for planning and bull bull laquomoni tor ing resources use change in the pilot watersheds under

shared control of natural resources project

c THE HEED FOR SPATIAL DATA

c In a natural resources management project in a watershed context laquo the focus is on changing the existing undesirable landuse pattern c to one of planned sustainable resources use The expected change

cwill be visible on the geographic space as the result of the action

taken by the resources users as figure 2 illustrates The choice c of appropriate action is influenced by the acquired information on c factors affecting change of the resources base The type size and

cquality of the resources base is influenced by its location and the

form in which the Nature has made them available for human use c c

Figure 1 and 2 illustrate this conceptualization In Huruluwewa

the dry zone agro ecological characteristics set different limits c to resources use than those set in Upper Nilwala watershed in the c wet zone While water or lack of it becomes the unifying factor c for human action to change the resource use in the Huruluwewa

cwatershed integrated resources management it is slope that

influence same in the Nilwala watershed In both watersheds thus c the relative location of the phenomena affecting the resource use c change is a critical factor Gaining knowledge on what is where

cand how involves the acquisition of spatial data on the physical

properties and the functions of the geographic space so that the c anticipated change can be articulated facilitated monitored and c evaluated

c - 6 shy c

c c ~

The need felt for the design and creation of a spatial database

is fourfold First it is necessary to gain adequate knowledge of

the sub location identified for priority intervention Second

such a data base would collect store and provide necessary

information for constraint analysis that would lead to the

identification of activities for planning Third the activities

can be monitored to ascertain whether work in progress in achieving

the planned output and short term effects Fourth it would

provide a baseline to record the prevailing status of the

subwatershed so that the change taken place can be identified and

assessed at a future date

SPATIAL SETTING FOR INTERVENTIONS

SCOR watershed teams started work in the field with the following

set of interventions identified as output of the initial planning

and simulation workshops

1 Stabilization of chena and encroached state lands

2 Regeneration of tank eco-system

3 Integrated water management

4 Sharing resources for improving homesteads

5 Ground water development and management

6 Land consolidation in minor tanks

7 Integrated planning and coordination

8 Organization of user groups for production and related

services

9 Integrated management of Land and water resources

10 Improving tea paddy culture

11 Research

Subsequently the teams identified subwatersheds within the

watershed for SCOR interventions Within the sub watersheds there

are sublocations that have been identified as contiguous spatial

uni ts based on the watershed principle as micro watersheds in

- 7 shy

Nilwala and as cascades in Huruluwewa for intensive operation of

activities covering the entire unit area with all the possible

interventions in order to gain knowledge of the impact of the

resources management model for the purpose of replication

elsewhere

Figure 4 presents the 11 sub locations where intensive planning and

implementation of activities are taking place in the Huruluwewa

watershed Each 6ublocation is the work area of a catalyst with

the exception of the 11th location (Tract 6 of the Huruluwewa

command) which is the specific work area for the Coordinator of

Women and Youth activities

Figure 5 presents the main four subwatersheds of the Upper Nilwala

watershed where two large sublocations in the Aninkanda and Millawa

subwatershed are under intensive resources use planning and

adaptation Several sUblocations of varying sizes are under

planning and implementation in the sub watersheds This

distribution of sUblocations forms the spatial setting for the

creation of the spatial database for SCOR project with the addition

of the Huruluwewa command and specific cascades of interest where

SCOR activities take place

INDICATORS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The choice of indicators for monitoring and evaluation of change

expected in a watershed resources management project involves

consideration of several important issues as indicated below

1 How much change can be captured by the MampE in the short

run

2 Does the period of intervention covers a period long

enough to capture the long term changes anticipated

3 Could results of sample surveys be generalized to apply

for the entire watershed

- 8

Figure 4To KahatagasdigiliVa

Adappan Ova

Track 6 11

Yan Ova

From Anuradhapura (

9 Galenbinduna Wewa

Kiulekada Wewa

Thelhawadiva Wewa From Kekirawa

Hurulu Wewa Maharambewa Wewa

Mahadiwul Wewa I

I Meegas Wewa

Ilt II I bull SUB LOCATlONSshy

I

1 Walgamwewa l 2 Angunawelpeessa To Trincomalee

From Anuradhapura 3 Welangolla------ Habarana 4 Puwakpltlya(8abarana Wewa To Polonnaruwa 6 Mana meegaswewa

Hiriwadunna Wewa 6 PadikaramaduwB

7 GarandlyauJpotha

8 Kok~wewl

Talkote WewaFrom Dambulla 9 Ulpathgama

10 Maradankalla

Sigiriya Wewa 11Trad6

Humbas Wewa

Arewala

Kalundewa

Feeder Canal

HURULUWEWA WATERSHED I Atubendivawa

Lenador a

9

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4 What aspect would receive priority between gaining

knowledge on performance of the models with direct

interventions or gaining knowledge on general processes

in the watershed context for research interest

As far as monitoring of the direct project inputs and outputs are

concerned the above mentioned issues would not make ser ious

problems SCOR project has an elaborate system to monitor the

inputs and outputs of project activities as described in greater

details later in this document The issues are criticE nen it

comes to monitoring and evaluation of project effects ild impact

which is of paramount importance

The project effects are defined as the outcom~ of the increased

utilization of project output Not all the project effects are

observable during the short run It is important to note however

that certain important effects can be observed that would indicate

the direction of the interventions towards the achievement of its

goal This position accepts the presence of short and long term

effects that would permit partial capture of change adequate to

form opinion on the direction of the project

In respect of certain types of indicators and meas es it is

dif f icul t to claim generalizability of results So~ 10SS and

sediment transportation are two of such indicators The di11 culty

arises when the results are used to generalize claiming

effectsimpact attributable to a particular intervention across the

watershed

SCOR project addresses this difficulty in two ways First it

listed all possible indicators and prepared an indicator matrix

that carries information on each indicator in respect of its

particular unit of measure data needs and sources methods of data

collection and techniques the sub location and who is responsible

for data collection measurement and reporting (See annex 1)I

- 11

Second it evaluated each indicator in respect of its validity

generalizability and adoptability in terms of time cost and

degree of contribution to SCOR process It was then possible to

come to the following conclusions in respect of the 3rd and fourth

issues

1 Generalization is attempted across space of given

conditions where insitu values of change can be computed

at lesser cost and time

2 Priority is given to a combination of factors directly

revealing the usefulness of interventions at micro level

and few general processes such as water use efficiency

resources conservation and degradation to meet the

obligations of a research project

A set of indicators selected with an indication of its spatial

reference appear on figure 6 Information provided using these

indicators can adequately characterize the change took place in the

subwatersheds under SCOR interventions These indicators are

categorized under four sub headings to reflect their level of

aggregation

At the highest aggregated level the change (progress) is reflected

by strategic level indicators in a summary form The next level is

the programme outcome level that gives more details of output and

possible effects The third level presents a set of indicators

allowing a quick look on direct outputs realized The fourth level

is the lowest level of data presentation by activity with remarks

explaining the figures there in referring to documents that carry

further details of the activity and process involved

STRATEGIC INDICATORS

The strategic indicators characterize realizable effects of the

interventions wi thin the project period in relation to broad

- 12

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c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

deg 0

deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

8

7 1

t

-C

Table 2 C

C

C

C

4

bull 4

C

bull 4

bull 4

bull bull bull 4

bull bull 4

4

bull bull 4

C

4

bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

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-

bullbullbullsince SCOR aims at changing the use patterns of resources on

physical landscape it has to use a volume of spatial data bull laquoAlthough some of these data are available as secondary data quite

a sizeable portion of the data will have to be generated through a I participatory mode of action This paper illustrates how this

spatial data base is created and managed for planning and bull bull laquomoni tor ing resources use change in the pilot watersheds under

shared control of natural resources project

c THE HEED FOR SPATIAL DATA

c In a natural resources management project in a watershed context laquo the focus is on changing the existing undesirable landuse pattern c to one of planned sustainable resources use The expected change

cwill be visible on the geographic space as the result of the action

taken by the resources users as figure 2 illustrates The choice c of appropriate action is influenced by the acquired information on c factors affecting change of the resources base The type size and

cquality of the resources base is influenced by its location and the

form in which the Nature has made them available for human use c c

Figure 1 and 2 illustrate this conceptualization In Huruluwewa

the dry zone agro ecological characteristics set different limits c to resources use than those set in Upper Nilwala watershed in the c wet zone While water or lack of it becomes the unifying factor c for human action to change the resource use in the Huruluwewa

cwatershed integrated resources management it is slope that

influence same in the Nilwala watershed In both watersheds thus c the relative location of the phenomena affecting the resource use c change is a critical factor Gaining knowledge on what is where

cand how involves the acquisition of spatial data on the physical

properties and the functions of the geographic space so that the c anticipated change can be articulated facilitated monitored and c evaluated

c - 6 shy c

c c ~

The need felt for the design and creation of a spatial database

is fourfold First it is necessary to gain adequate knowledge of

the sub location identified for priority intervention Second

such a data base would collect store and provide necessary

information for constraint analysis that would lead to the

identification of activities for planning Third the activities

can be monitored to ascertain whether work in progress in achieving

the planned output and short term effects Fourth it would

provide a baseline to record the prevailing status of the

subwatershed so that the change taken place can be identified and

assessed at a future date

SPATIAL SETTING FOR INTERVENTIONS

SCOR watershed teams started work in the field with the following

set of interventions identified as output of the initial planning

and simulation workshops

1 Stabilization of chena and encroached state lands

2 Regeneration of tank eco-system

3 Integrated water management

4 Sharing resources for improving homesteads

5 Ground water development and management

6 Land consolidation in minor tanks

7 Integrated planning and coordination

8 Organization of user groups for production and related

services

9 Integrated management of Land and water resources

10 Improving tea paddy culture

11 Research

Subsequently the teams identified subwatersheds within the

watershed for SCOR interventions Within the sub watersheds there

are sublocations that have been identified as contiguous spatial

uni ts based on the watershed principle as micro watersheds in

- 7 shy

Nilwala and as cascades in Huruluwewa for intensive operation of

activities covering the entire unit area with all the possible

interventions in order to gain knowledge of the impact of the

resources management model for the purpose of replication

elsewhere

Figure 4 presents the 11 sub locations where intensive planning and

implementation of activities are taking place in the Huruluwewa

watershed Each 6ublocation is the work area of a catalyst with

the exception of the 11th location (Tract 6 of the Huruluwewa

command) which is the specific work area for the Coordinator of

Women and Youth activities

Figure 5 presents the main four subwatersheds of the Upper Nilwala

watershed where two large sublocations in the Aninkanda and Millawa

subwatershed are under intensive resources use planning and

adaptation Several sUblocations of varying sizes are under

planning and implementation in the sub watersheds This

distribution of sUblocations forms the spatial setting for the

creation of the spatial database for SCOR project with the addition

of the Huruluwewa command and specific cascades of interest where

SCOR activities take place

INDICATORS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The choice of indicators for monitoring and evaluation of change

expected in a watershed resources management project involves

consideration of several important issues as indicated below

1 How much change can be captured by the MampE in the short

run

2 Does the period of intervention covers a period long

enough to capture the long term changes anticipated

3 Could results of sample surveys be generalized to apply

for the entire watershed

- 8

Figure 4To KahatagasdigiliVa

Adappan Ova

Track 6 11

Yan Ova

From Anuradhapura (

9 Galenbinduna Wewa

Kiulekada Wewa

Thelhawadiva Wewa From Kekirawa

Hurulu Wewa Maharambewa Wewa

Mahadiwul Wewa I

I Meegas Wewa

Ilt II I bull SUB LOCATlONSshy

I

1 Walgamwewa l 2 Angunawelpeessa To Trincomalee

From Anuradhapura 3 Welangolla------ Habarana 4 Puwakpltlya(8abarana Wewa To Polonnaruwa 6 Mana meegaswewa

Hiriwadunna Wewa 6 PadikaramaduwB

7 GarandlyauJpotha

8 Kok~wewl

Talkote WewaFrom Dambulla 9 Ulpathgama

10 Maradankalla

Sigiriya Wewa 11Trad6

Humbas Wewa

Arewala

Kalundewa

Feeder Canal

HURULUWEWA WATERSHED I Atubendivawa

Lenador a

9

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4 What aspect would receive priority between gaining

knowledge on performance of the models with direct

interventions or gaining knowledge on general processes

in the watershed context for research interest

As far as monitoring of the direct project inputs and outputs are

concerned the above mentioned issues would not make ser ious

problems SCOR project has an elaborate system to monitor the

inputs and outputs of project activities as described in greater

details later in this document The issues are criticE nen it

comes to monitoring and evaluation of project effects ild impact

which is of paramount importance

The project effects are defined as the outcom~ of the increased

utilization of project output Not all the project effects are

observable during the short run It is important to note however

that certain important effects can be observed that would indicate

the direction of the interventions towards the achievement of its

goal This position accepts the presence of short and long term

effects that would permit partial capture of change adequate to

form opinion on the direction of the project

In respect of certain types of indicators and meas es it is

dif f icul t to claim generalizability of results So~ 10SS and

sediment transportation are two of such indicators The di11 culty

arises when the results are used to generalize claiming

effectsimpact attributable to a particular intervention across the

watershed

SCOR project addresses this difficulty in two ways First it

listed all possible indicators and prepared an indicator matrix

that carries information on each indicator in respect of its

particular unit of measure data needs and sources methods of data

collection and techniques the sub location and who is responsible

for data collection measurement and reporting (See annex 1)I

- 11

Second it evaluated each indicator in respect of its validity

generalizability and adoptability in terms of time cost and

degree of contribution to SCOR process It was then possible to

come to the following conclusions in respect of the 3rd and fourth

issues

1 Generalization is attempted across space of given

conditions where insitu values of change can be computed

at lesser cost and time

2 Priority is given to a combination of factors directly

revealing the usefulness of interventions at micro level

and few general processes such as water use efficiency

resources conservation and degradation to meet the

obligations of a research project

A set of indicators selected with an indication of its spatial

reference appear on figure 6 Information provided using these

indicators can adequately characterize the change took place in the

subwatersheds under SCOR interventions These indicators are

categorized under four sub headings to reflect their level of

aggregation

At the highest aggregated level the change (progress) is reflected

by strategic level indicators in a summary form The next level is

the programme outcome level that gives more details of output and

possible effects The third level presents a set of indicators

allowing a quick look on direct outputs realized The fourth level

is the lowest level of data presentation by activity with remarks

explaining the figures there in referring to documents that carry

further details of the activity and process involved

STRATEGIC INDICATORS

The strategic indicators characterize realizable effects of the

interventions wi thin the project period in relation to broad

- 12

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c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

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deg deg 0

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10000 42

2000

20 18

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Table 2 C

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bull bull 4

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bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

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--- -

-

The need felt for the design and creation of a spatial database

is fourfold First it is necessary to gain adequate knowledge of

the sub location identified for priority intervention Second

such a data base would collect store and provide necessary

information for constraint analysis that would lead to the

identification of activities for planning Third the activities

can be monitored to ascertain whether work in progress in achieving

the planned output and short term effects Fourth it would

provide a baseline to record the prevailing status of the

subwatershed so that the change taken place can be identified and

assessed at a future date

SPATIAL SETTING FOR INTERVENTIONS

SCOR watershed teams started work in the field with the following

set of interventions identified as output of the initial planning

and simulation workshops

1 Stabilization of chena and encroached state lands

2 Regeneration of tank eco-system

3 Integrated water management

4 Sharing resources for improving homesteads

5 Ground water development and management

6 Land consolidation in minor tanks

7 Integrated planning and coordination

8 Organization of user groups for production and related

services

9 Integrated management of Land and water resources

10 Improving tea paddy culture

11 Research

Subsequently the teams identified subwatersheds within the

watershed for SCOR interventions Within the sub watersheds there

are sublocations that have been identified as contiguous spatial

uni ts based on the watershed principle as micro watersheds in

- 7 shy

Nilwala and as cascades in Huruluwewa for intensive operation of

activities covering the entire unit area with all the possible

interventions in order to gain knowledge of the impact of the

resources management model for the purpose of replication

elsewhere

Figure 4 presents the 11 sub locations where intensive planning and

implementation of activities are taking place in the Huruluwewa

watershed Each 6ublocation is the work area of a catalyst with

the exception of the 11th location (Tract 6 of the Huruluwewa

command) which is the specific work area for the Coordinator of

Women and Youth activities

Figure 5 presents the main four subwatersheds of the Upper Nilwala

watershed where two large sublocations in the Aninkanda and Millawa

subwatershed are under intensive resources use planning and

adaptation Several sUblocations of varying sizes are under

planning and implementation in the sub watersheds This

distribution of sUblocations forms the spatial setting for the

creation of the spatial database for SCOR project with the addition

of the Huruluwewa command and specific cascades of interest where

SCOR activities take place

INDICATORS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The choice of indicators for monitoring and evaluation of change

expected in a watershed resources management project involves

consideration of several important issues as indicated below

1 How much change can be captured by the MampE in the short

run

2 Does the period of intervention covers a period long

enough to capture the long term changes anticipated

3 Could results of sample surveys be generalized to apply

for the entire watershed

- 8

Figure 4To KahatagasdigiliVa

Adappan Ova

Track 6 11

Yan Ova

From Anuradhapura (

9 Galenbinduna Wewa

Kiulekada Wewa

Thelhawadiva Wewa From Kekirawa

Hurulu Wewa Maharambewa Wewa

Mahadiwul Wewa I

I Meegas Wewa

Ilt II I bull SUB LOCATlONSshy

I

1 Walgamwewa l 2 Angunawelpeessa To Trincomalee

From Anuradhapura 3 Welangolla------ Habarana 4 Puwakpltlya(8abarana Wewa To Polonnaruwa 6 Mana meegaswewa

Hiriwadunna Wewa 6 PadikaramaduwB

7 GarandlyauJpotha

8 Kok~wewl

Talkote WewaFrom Dambulla 9 Ulpathgama

10 Maradankalla

Sigiriya Wewa 11Trad6

Humbas Wewa

Arewala

Kalundewa

Feeder Canal

HURULUWEWA WATERSHED I Atubendivawa

Lenador a

9

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4 What aspect would receive priority between gaining

knowledge on performance of the models with direct

interventions or gaining knowledge on general processes

in the watershed context for research interest

As far as monitoring of the direct project inputs and outputs are

concerned the above mentioned issues would not make ser ious

problems SCOR project has an elaborate system to monitor the

inputs and outputs of project activities as described in greater

details later in this document The issues are criticE nen it

comes to monitoring and evaluation of project effects ild impact

which is of paramount importance

The project effects are defined as the outcom~ of the increased

utilization of project output Not all the project effects are

observable during the short run It is important to note however

that certain important effects can be observed that would indicate

the direction of the interventions towards the achievement of its

goal This position accepts the presence of short and long term

effects that would permit partial capture of change adequate to

form opinion on the direction of the project

In respect of certain types of indicators and meas es it is

dif f icul t to claim generalizability of results So~ 10SS and

sediment transportation are two of such indicators The di11 culty

arises when the results are used to generalize claiming

effectsimpact attributable to a particular intervention across the

watershed

SCOR project addresses this difficulty in two ways First it

listed all possible indicators and prepared an indicator matrix

that carries information on each indicator in respect of its

particular unit of measure data needs and sources methods of data

collection and techniques the sub location and who is responsible

for data collection measurement and reporting (See annex 1)I

- 11

Second it evaluated each indicator in respect of its validity

generalizability and adoptability in terms of time cost and

degree of contribution to SCOR process It was then possible to

come to the following conclusions in respect of the 3rd and fourth

issues

1 Generalization is attempted across space of given

conditions where insitu values of change can be computed

at lesser cost and time

2 Priority is given to a combination of factors directly

revealing the usefulness of interventions at micro level

and few general processes such as water use efficiency

resources conservation and degradation to meet the

obligations of a research project

A set of indicators selected with an indication of its spatial

reference appear on figure 6 Information provided using these

indicators can adequately characterize the change took place in the

subwatersheds under SCOR interventions These indicators are

categorized under four sub headings to reflect their level of

aggregation

At the highest aggregated level the change (progress) is reflected

by strategic level indicators in a summary form The next level is

the programme outcome level that gives more details of output and

possible effects The third level presents a set of indicators

allowing a quick look on direct outputs realized The fourth level

is the lowest level of data presentation by activity with remarks

explaining the figures there in referring to documents that carry

further details of the activity and process involved

STRATEGIC INDICATORS

The strategic indicators characterize realizable effects of the

interventions wi thin the project period in relation to broad

- 12

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bull bull bull

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c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

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deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

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Table 2 C

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bull bull 4

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bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

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--- -

-

Nilwala and as cascades in Huruluwewa for intensive operation of

activities covering the entire unit area with all the possible

interventions in order to gain knowledge of the impact of the

resources management model for the purpose of replication

elsewhere

Figure 4 presents the 11 sub locations where intensive planning and

implementation of activities are taking place in the Huruluwewa

watershed Each 6ublocation is the work area of a catalyst with

the exception of the 11th location (Tract 6 of the Huruluwewa

command) which is the specific work area for the Coordinator of

Women and Youth activities

Figure 5 presents the main four subwatersheds of the Upper Nilwala

watershed where two large sublocations in the Aninkanda and Millawa

subwatershed are under intensive resources use planning and

adaptation Several sUblocations of varying sizes are under

planning and implementation in the sub watersheds This

distribution of sUblocations forms the spatial setting for the

creation of the spatial database for SCOR project with the addition

of the Huruluwewa command and specific cascades of interest where

SCOR activities take place

INDICATORS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The choice of indicators for monitoring and evaluation of change

expected in a watershed resources management project involves

consideration of several important issues as indicated below

1 How much change can be captured by the MampE in the short

run

2 Does the period of intervention covers a period long

enough to capture the long term changes anticipated

3 Could results of sample surveys be generalized to apply

for the entire watershed

- 8

Figure 4To KahatagasdigiliVa

Adappan Ova

Track 6 11

Yan Ova

From Anuradhapura (

9 Galenbinduna Wewa

Kiulekada Wewa

Thelhawadiva Wewa From Kekirawa

Hurulu Wewa Maharambewa Wewa

Mahadiwul Wewa I

I Meegas Wewa

Ilt II I bull SUB LOCATlONSshy

I

1 Walgamwewa l 2 Angunawelpeessa To Trincomalee

From Anuradhapura 3 Welangolla------ Habarana 4 Puwakpltlya(8abarana Wewa To Polonnaruwa 6 Mana meegaswewa

Hiriwadunna Wewa 6 PadikaramaduwB

7 GarandlyauJpotha

8 Kok~wewl

Talkote WewaFrom Dambulla 9 Ulpathgama

10 Maradankalla

Sigiriya Wewa 11Trad6

Humbas Wewa

Arewala

Kalundewa

Feeder Canal

HURULUWEWA WATERSHED I Atubendivawa

Lenador a

9

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4 What aspect would receive priority between gaining

knowledge on performance of the models with direct

interventions or gaining knowledge on general processes

in the watershed context for research interest

As far as monitoring of the direct project inputs and outputs are

concerned the above mentioned issues would not make ser ious

problems SCOR project has an elaborate system to monitor the

inputs and outputs of project activities as described in greater

details later in this document The issues are criticE nen it

comes to monitoring and evaluation of project effects ild impact

which is of paramount importance

The project effects are defined as the outcom~ of the increased

utilization of project output Not all the project effects are

observable during the short run It is important to note however

that certain important effects can be observed that would indicate

the direction of the interventions towards the achievement of its

goal This position accepts the presence of short and long term

effects that would permit partial capture of change adequate to

form opinion on the direction of the project

In respect of certain types of indicators and meas es it is

dif f icul t to claim generalizability of results So~ 10SS and

sediment transportation are two of such indicators The di11 culty

arises when the results are used to generalize claiming

effectsimpact attributable to a particular intervention across the

watershed

SCOR project addresses this difficulty in two ways First it

listed all possible indicators and prepared an indicator matrix

that carries information on each indicator in respect of its

particular unit of measure data needs and sources methods of data

collection and techniques the sub location and who is responsible

for data collection measurement and reporting (See annex 1)I

- 11

Second it evaluated each indicator in respect of its validity

generalizability and adoptability in terms of time cost and

degree of contribution to SCOR process It was then possible to

come to the following conclusions in respect of the 3rd and fourth

issues

1 Generalization is attempted across space of given

conditions where insitu values of change can be computed

at lesser cost and time

2 Priority is given to a combination of factors directly

revealing the usefulness of interventions at micro level

and few general processes such as water use efficiency

resources conservation and degradation to meet the

obligations of a research project

A set of indicators selected with an indication of its spatial

reference appear on figure 6 Information provided using these

indicators can adequately characterize the change took place in the

subwatersheds under SCOR interventions These indicators are

categorized under four sub headings to reflect their level of

aggregation

At the highest aggregated level the change (progress) is reflected

by strategic level indicators in a summary form The next level is

the programme outcome level that gives more details of output and

possible effects The third level presents a set of indicators

allowing a quick look on direct outputs realized The fourth level

is the lowest level of data presentation by activity with remarks

explaining the figures there in referring to documents that carry

further details of the activity and process involved

STRATEGIC INDICATORS

The strategic indicators characterize realizable effects of the

interventions wi thin the project period in relation to broad

- 12

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bull bull bull

t

C

c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

deg 0

deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

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Table 2 C

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bull bull bull 4

bull bull 4

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bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

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4 What aspect would receive priority between gaining

knowledge on performance of the models with direct

interventions or gaining knowledge on general processes

in the watershed context for research interest

As far as monitoring of the direct project inputs and outputs are

concerned the above mentioned issues would not make ser ious

problems SCOR project has an elaborate system to monitor the

inputs and outputs of project activities as described in greater

details later in this document The issues are criticE nen it

comes to monitoring and evaluation of project effects ild impact

which is of paramount importance

The project effects are defined as the outcom~ of the increased

utilization of project output Not all the project effects are

observable during the short run It is important to note however

that certain important effects can be observed that would indicate

the direction of the interventions towards the achievement of its

goal This position accepts the presence of short and long term

effects that would permit partial capture of change adequate to

form opinion on the direction of the project

In respect of certain types of indicators and meas es it is

dif f icul t to claim generalizability of results So~ 10SS and

sediment transportation are two of such indicators The di11 culty

arises when the results are used to generalize claiming

effectsimpact attributable to a particular intervention across the

watershed

SCOR project addresses this difficulty in two ways First it

listed all possible indicators and prepared an indicator matrix

that carries information on each indicator in respect of its

particular unit of measure data needs and sources methods of data

collection and techniques the sub location and who is responsible

for data collection measurement and reporting (See annex 1)I

- 11

Second it evaluated each indicator in respect of its validity

generalizability and adoptability in terms of time cost and

degree of contribution to SCOR process It was then possible to

come to the following conclusions in respect of the 3rd and fourth

issues

1 Generalization is attempted across space of given

conditions where insitu values of change can be computed

at lesser cost and time

2 Priority is given to a combination of factors directly

revealing the usefulness of interventions at micro level

and few general processes such as water use efficiency

resources conservation and degradation to meet the

obligations of a research project

A set of indicators selected with an indication of its spatial

reference appear on figure 6 Information provided using these

indicators can adequately characterize the change took place in the

subwatersheds under SCOR interventions These indicators are

categorized under four sub headings to reflect their level of

aggregation

At the highest aggregated level the change (progress) is reflected

by strategic level indicators in a summary form The next level is

the programme outcome level that gives more details of output and

possible effects The third level presents a set of indicators

allowing a quick look on direct outputs realized The fourth level

is the lowest level of data presentation by activity with remarks

explaining the figures there in referring to documents that carry

further details of the activity and process involved

STRATEGIC INDICATORS

The strategic indicators characterize realizable effects of the

interventions wi thin the project period in relation to broad

- 12

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bull bull bull

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c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

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10000 42

2000

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bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

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4 What aspect would receive priority between gaining

knowledge on performance of the models with direct

interventions or gaining knowledge on general processes

in the watershed context for research interest

As far as monitoring of the direct project inputs and outputs are

concerned the above mentioned issues would not make ser ious

problems SCOR project has an elaborate system to monitor the

inputs and outputs of project activities as described in greater

details later in this document The issues are criticE nen it

comes to monitoring and evaluation of project effects ild impact

which is of paramount importance

The project effects are defined as the outcom~ of the increased

utilization of project output Not all the project effects are

observable during the short run It is important to note however

that certain important effects can be observed that would indicate

the direction of the interventions towards the achievement of its

goal This position accepts the presence of short and long term

effects that would permit partial capture of change adequate to

form opinion on the direction of the project

In respect of certain types of indicators and meas es it is

dif f icul t to claim generalizability of results So~ 10SS and

sediment transportation are two of such indicators The di11 culty

arises when the results are used to generalize claiming

effectsimpact attributable to a particular intervention across the

watershed

SCOR project addresses this difficulty in two ways First it

listed all possible indicators and prepared an indicator matrix

that carries information on each indicator in respect of its

particular unit of measure data needs and sources methods of data

collection and techniques the sub location and who is responsible

for data collection measurement and reporting (See annex 1)I

- 11

Second it evaluated each indicator in respect of its validity

generalizability and adoptability in terms of time cost and

degree of contribution to SCOR process It was then possible to

come to the following conclusions in respect of the 3rd and fourth

issues

1 Generalization is attempted across space of given

conditions where insitu values of change can be computed

at lesser cost and time

2 Priority is given to a combination of factors directly

revealing the usefulness of interventions at micro level

and few general processes such as water use efficiency

resources conservation and degradation to meet the

obligations of a research project

A set of indicators selected with an indication of its spatial

reference appear on figure 6 Information provided using these

indicators can adequately characterize the change took place in the

subwatersheds under SCOR interventions These indicators are

categorized under four sub headings to reflect their level of

aggregation

At the highest aggregated level the change (progress) is reflected

by strategic level indicators in a summary form The next level is

the programme outcome level that gives more details of output and

possible effects The third level presents a set of indicators

allowing a quick look on direct outputs realized The fourth level

is the lowest level of data presentation by activity with remarks

explaining the figures there in referring to documents that carry

further details of the activity and process involved

STRATEGIC INDICATORS

The strategic indicators characterize realizable effects of the

interventions wi thin the project period in relation to broad

- 12

l

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bull bull bull

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C

c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

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50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

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Table 2 C

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bull bull 4

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bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

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--- -

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4 What aspect would receive priority between gaining

knowledge on performance of the models with direct

interventions or gaining knowledge on general processes

in the watershed context for research interest

As far as monitoring of the direct project inputs and outputs are

concerned the above mentioned issues would not make ser ious

problems SCOR project has an elaborate system to monitor the

inputs and outputs of project activities as described in greater

details later in this document The issues are criticE nen it

comes to monitoring and evaluation of project effects ild impact

which is of paramount importance

The project effects are defined as the outcom~ of the increased

utilization of project output Not all the project effects are

observable during the short run It is important to note however

that certain important effects can be observed that would indicate

the direction of the interventions towards the achievement of its

goal This position accepts the presence of short and long term

effects that would permit partial capture of change adequate to

form opinion on the direction of the project

In respect of certain types of indicators and meas es it is

dif f icul t to claim generalizability of results So~ 10SS and

sediment transportation are two of such indicators The di11 culty

arises when the results are used to generalize claiming

effectsimpact attributable to a particular intervention across the

watershed

SCOR project addresses this difficulty in two ways First it

listed all possible indicators and prepared an indicator matrix

that carries information on each indicator in respect of its

particular unit of measure data needs and sources methods of data

collection and techniques the sub location and who is responsible

for data collection measurement and reporting (See annex 1)I

- 11

Second it evaluated each indicator in respect of its validity

generalizability and adoptability in terms of time cost and

degree of contribution to SCOR process It was then possible to

come to the following conclusions in respect of the 3rd and fourth

issues

1 Generalization is attempted across space of given

conditions where insitu values of change can be computed

at lesser cost and time

2 Priority is given to a combination of factors directly

revealing the usefulness of interventions at micro level

and few general processes such as water use efficiency

resources conservation and degradation to meet the

obligations of a research project

A set of indicators selected with an indication of its spatial

reference appear on figure 6 Information provided using these

indicators can adequately characterize the change took place in the

subwatersheds under SCOR interventions These indicators are

categorized under four sub headings to reflect their level of

aggregation

At the highest aggregated level the change (progress) is reflected

by strategic level indicators in a summary form The next level is

the programme outcome level that gives more details of output and

possible effects The third level presents a set of indicators

allowing a quick look on direct outputs realized The fourth level

is the lowest level of data presentation by activity with remarks

explaining the figures there in referring to documents that carry

further details of the activity and process involved

STRATEGIC INDICATORS

The strategic indicators characterize realizable effects of the

interventions wi thin the project period in relation to broad

- 12

l

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bull bull bull

t

C

c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

deg 0

deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

8

7 1

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Table 2 C

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bull bull bull 4

bull bull 4

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bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

- --

----

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--- -

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Second it evaluated each indicator in respect of its validity

generalizability and adoptability in terms of time cost and

degree of contribution to SCOR process It was then possible to

come to the following conclusions in respect of the 3rd and fourth

issues

1 Generalization is attempted across space of given

conditions where insitu values of change can be computed

at lesser cost and time

2 Priority is given to a combination of factors directly

revealing the usefulness of interventions at micro level

and few general processes such as water use efficiency

resources conservation and degradation to meet the

obligations of a research project

A set of indicators selected with an indication of its spatial

reference appear on figure 6 Information provided using these

indicators can adequately characterize the change took place in the

subwatersheds under SCOR interventions These indicators are

categorized under four sub headings to reflect their level of

aggregation

At the highest aggregated level the change (progress) is reflected

by strategic level indicators in a summary form The next level is

the programme outcome level that gives more details of output and

possible effects The third level presents a set of indicators

allowing a quick look on direct outputs realized The fourth level

is the lowest level of data presentation by activity with remarks

explaining the figures there in referring to documents that carry

further details of the activity and process involved

STRATEGIC INDICATORS

The strategic indicators characterize realizable effects of the

interventions wi thin the project period in relation to broad

- 12

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bull bull bull

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c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

deg 0

deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

8

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Table 2 C

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bull bull 4

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bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

- --

----

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--- -

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f

Pro

tect

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Ta-T1

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ltl

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m

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13 US

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Agr

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sw

ith

F llt

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t fo

r C

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nctiv

e us

e of

WCl

-ter

-1

3

shy

bull bull bull

t

C

c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

deg 0

deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

8

7 1

t

-C

Table 2 C

C

C

C

4

bull 4

C

bull 4

bull 4

bull bull bull 4

bull bull 4

4

bull bull 4

C

4

bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

- --

----

-

PL

AN

FO

R M

ampE

OF

EF

FE

CT

S A

ND

IM

PA

CT

OF

CO

NS

ER

VA

TIO

N M

EA

SU

RE

S

IN H

UR

UL

UW

EW

A W

AT

ER

SH

ED

T

ab

le

3

Act

lvit

1A

re(l

IS

ub a

ctiv

ity

Q~e0l8tion

F~rming

bull R

ainf

ed

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Y cr

op

pin

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land

s o

nto

ur

bu

nd

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lch

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ree

plan

ting

Ind

ica

tor

Da

ta to

be

colle

cte

d

Met

hodo

loJJ

j F

req

ue

ncy

oc

atio

n I ~and c

ove

r P

erce

nt g

rou

nd

amp

~ot

al s

urv

ey

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ng

A

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ally

iP

adik

aram

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a

can

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y co

ver

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al m

eth

od

In

Ma

ha

me

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asw

ew

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grid

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int

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me

tho

d In

site

s ~8

plo

ts

Sol

lo

ss

po

nto

urs

amp p

eg

hig

ht

pa

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ur

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ey u

sin

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An

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lots

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m e

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Ins

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s b

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om

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h co

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S

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e pl

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s hr

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(PM

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Oo

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r 9

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Fe

bru

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95

Se

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94

pe

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bn

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Feb

ruar

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5

~eptember

94

Se

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Janu

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95

~anuary

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Co

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-1

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Act

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Dat

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Fre

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4 G

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l bull

f1an

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amp

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mp

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s ea

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pe

pa

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w

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ulch

m

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h

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t pe

r p

ou

nt

in a

sel

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d p

lot

Nln

ua

lly

Sam

ple

plot

s fr

om e

ach

Feb

ruar

y 9

5 C

ast

unit

area

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r lo

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PM

WT

6)

Bio

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s W

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live

Col

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With

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ampl

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m e

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~eptember

94

fenc

e G

llric

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amp

sele

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ts

oper

atio

n ou

r lo

catio

ns (

PM

WT

6)

leaf

litte

r d

ry amp

we

igh

t I I

~lVe

ed

Nu

mb

er

of ty

pe

of w

eeds

S

urve

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ing

grid

f

nnua

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~ample p

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fro

m e

ach

Sep

tem

ber

94

~mp

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Wee

d di

stri

butio

n p

oin

t met

hod

our

loca

tions

lPMWTJ~

Yie

ld

Yie

ld o

f tre

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Far

mer

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S

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S

ampl

e pl

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from

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4 ou

r lo

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ns

PM

WT

m

Sam

ple

plot

s fr

om

eac

h Lo

wla

nd

Mul

chin

g M

Ois

ture

S

ame

as e

arlie

r iv

e lo

catio

ns (

PM

WT

6

iGre

en m

anur

e D

eple

ctio

n amp

Puw

akpl

tlya)

~a

nage

ment

nd

ell

(Glir

lcid

ia amp

S

asbe

nlya

) B

iom

ass

Bio

mas

s of

ric

e st

row

S

ame

as e

arlie

r w

ith e

aet

S

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mbe

r 9

4

Rec

yclin

g of

C

rop

resi

dues

w

eeds

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erat

ion

~ ric

e st

rOV

amp

Gllr

lcid

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Saa

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rodu

ces

new

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op

pin

g pattern~

lVee

d S

ame

as e

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r ~e

ptem

ber

94

Com

posi

tion

I I p

rop

rt

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of

each

cro

p

Far

m r

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Sea

sona

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d ~a

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Cal

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I V

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xten

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h cr

op

I P

rodu

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ity

I

Lan

d pr

oduc

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amp

l cr

op

pin

g

i in

tens

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__

__

__

__

_~

__ --

Co

ntd

-l8

b

shy

--

--

-

Act

ivity

Are

a n

dic

ato

rIS

ub a

ctiv

ltv

Dat

a to

be

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Me

tho

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requ

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o

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Co

mm

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cem

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Re

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Pla

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g tr

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~tent

Cro

p ty

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[Pad

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uwa

Alr

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~nual

of

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syst

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s in

Gas

gom

man

a N

ub

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Fre

qu

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cy o

f cul

tivat

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Me

eg

asw

ew

a

P

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ha

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amp

Den

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of

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ld

spec

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Sto

r8g

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Rem

oval

of

Tan

k IK

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ed

a

Ga

sgo

mm

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Kat

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a

amp P

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~a

nk w

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bull I s

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94

req

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r amp

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~anuary

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cott

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quan

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in

dust

ries

Fe

ed

er c

anal

Y

anoy

a o

the

r sp

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S

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oa

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nd

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dim

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s amp

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um

be

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f pl

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p

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nt

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amp a

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er

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s amp

ca

nals

middot

_

l8c

shy

--- -

-

bull bull bull

t

C

c strategic objectives within which the project is placed by the C sponsoring agency The three strategic objectives are (1) Economic

CGrowth (2) Environment and (3) Democracy

c e

The life of project target (LOP TARGET) relates to the target set cfor the first phase of two years since the current agreement covers

only the first phase laquo Table 1 presents the strategic level indicators -=

bull PROGRAM OUTCOME LEVEL INDICATORS laquo

c These indicators characterize the activity stat~s in the context of

bull cthe direct output and realizable effects in the short run The

program outcome level indicators are categorized under the relevant

strategic level indicators The indicators are reproduced

separately to give the details by watershed together with remarks bull that describe the activity status in greater detail bull

bullTable 1 presents the progress by program outcome level indicators bullbull

PROJECT PURPOSE LEVEL INDICATORS --a

These indicators relate to the project purpose ie shared bull control characterizing the type of achievements to be monitored bull (Table 1) bull MAJOR OUTPUT INDICATORS bull

bull Table 2 presents the major promised output indicators that directly bullrelate to the output as indicated on page 21 to 24 in the SCOR

technical report bullbull - 14 shy

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

deg 0

deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

8

7 1

t

-C

Table 2 C

C

C

C

4

bull 4

C

bull 4

bull 4

bull bull bull 4

bull bull 4

4

bull bull 4

C

4

bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

- --

----

-

PL

AN

FO

R M

ampE

OF

EF

FE

CT

S A

ND

IM

PA

CT

OF

CO

NS

ER

VA

TIO

N M

EA

SU

RE

S

IN H

UR

UL

UW

EW

A W

AT

ER

SH

ED

T

ab

le

3

Act

lvit

1A

re(l

IS

ub a

ctiv

ity

Q~e0l8tion

F~rming

bull R

ainf

ed

~Ie

Y cr

op

pin

gup

land

s o

nto

ur

bu

nd

lng

u

lch

lng

ree

plan

ting

Ind

ica

tor

Da

ta to

be

colle

cte

d

Met

hodo

loJJ

j F

req

ue

ncy

oc

atio

n I ~and c

ove

r P

erce

nt g

rou

nd

amp

~ot

al s

urv

ey

usi

ng

A

nnu

ally

iP

adik

aram

aduw

a

can

op

y co

ver

visu

al m

eth

od

In

Ma

ha

me

eg

asw

ew

a

loca

tion

s amp

grid

po

int

~8lgamwewa

me

tho

d In

site

s ~8

plo

ts

Sol

lo

ss

po

nto

urs

amp p

eg

hig

ht

pa

nto

ur

surv

ey u

sin

g

An

naua

lfy

~amp

le p

lots

fro

m e

ach

-shy

du

mp

y le

vel amp

Ins

tall

hree

loca

tion

s (P

MW

)

INin

d

Sol

i m

ass

In c

olle

ctor

s b

ust

colle

cto

rs

Se

aso

na

ly

Sam

ple

plot

s fr

om

ea

ch

~ros

lon

pe

as

amp m

ea

sure

hig

ht

hree

loca

tion

s

~ros

ion

Rai

nfal

l sl

op

e amp

S

oli

loss

eq

ua

tion

A

nnau

ally

~a

mple

plo

ts fr

om

eac

h co

efic

ien

t sl

op

e le

ng

th

Mea

sure

slo

p u

sin

g

hree

loca

tion

s (P

MW

) d

um

py

leve

l

Soi

l P

enet

rom

eter

rea

ding

s R

ando

m s

urv

ey

48

~nna

uall

y S

ampl

e pl

ots

fro

m e

ach

com

pa

ctio

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--- -

-

Table 1 TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE

1 Program Level Indicators

1 Targeted hectares and protection techniques

2 Value of targeted investment by the resource users $Mn 92 o in environmentally sound production practices

I 3 Government decisions initiatd No 92 o 3 1

~fllllii11111Ilili~I Ilijllil11111~ill~~I 1 Targeted land area covered by agreements between Hec 92 0 3000

GSL and user groups

4000 1645 techniqu~es____________________________L-__~______~______L-____~----__~

2 Farm households using improved environmental 92 o L

2 Project Level Indicators

lilllII~III~lllllilijilllllili111lilI~~1 1 Number of natural resource groups operating 92 0 L150

~ Noof policyprocedures organizational changes I 92 0 6L exacted and adopted -----l __-L_~___

2 ~___~_

- 15 shy

I

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

deg 0

deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

8

7 1

t

-C

Table 2 C

C

C

C

4

bull 4

C

bull 4

bull 4

bull bull bull 4

bull bull 4

4

bull bull 4

C

4

bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

- --

----

-

PL

AN

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PM

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I

pro

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ty

Op

po

rtu

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for

A

nnua

lly

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k sy

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s y

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um

be

r amp

~urvey

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95

cott

ag

e

quan

tity

in

dust

ries

Fe

ed

er c

anal

Y

anoy

a o

the

r sp

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s at

S

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se

dim

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t lo

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er s

am

plin

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eam

s P

lant

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s amp

N

um

be

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~nnually

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amp a

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s amp

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of

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ca

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middot

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--- -

-

water resources

2 Number of new commercial activities supported by linking to markets

3 Land leasingusufruct agreements issued for establishments and functioning of production companies and commercial activities

4 Training opportunities provided to representatives of NaGs and other private sector organizations m participatory natural resources management

5 Number of officials trained in local level planning user group fonnation support and collaboration

6 Number of user organizations conferred with legal status and powers

7 Number of NGOs and private sector agencies providing technical managerial and commercial information to user groups

8 Research Studies completed on natural resources issues

deg deg

deg 0

deg deg 0

50

10

10000 42

2000

20 18

8

7 1

t

-C

Table 2 C

C

C

C

4

bull 4

C

bull 4

bull 4

bull bull bull 4

bull bull 4

4

bull bull 4

C

4

bull 16 shy

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

- --

----

-

PL

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--- -

-

There are specific indicators used in research studies to reflect

the research findings under SCOR Table 3 presents an example of

a set of indicators used in the research undertaken on conservation

farming

DATA COLLECTION

As it was indicated earlier the organization of programme planning

and implementation by sub locations was the basis for data

collection to build up the spatial data bases This results in the

building up of a spatial database in respect of each sublocation

facili tating planning implementation monitoring and evaluation of

interventions under the SCOR model of resources management

Any planning approach for sustainable area development should

initiate action on establishing a spatial data base that would help

extracting information on the human and physical resources and

their interaction of the area concerned In fact it is this

interaction that will be changed by the planning effort for

sustainable productivity of the resources use Figure 7 shows the

guidance for data collection by the segments of functional space in

the landscape of the selected sub location

The following steps are considered important in this process

1 Involve resources users for data collection and initial

mapping by individual plots

2 Use RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) techniques for data collection within a

reasonably shorter period of time to meet the planning

needs

3 Use technology appropriate to the task putting the mission first and the machine next to produce the

required output on time extracting information for

planning

- 17 shy

- --

----

-

PL

AN

FO

R M

ampE

OF

EF

FE

CT

S A

ND

IM

PA

CT

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NS

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bru

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pte

mb

er

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pe

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be

r 9

4

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ruar

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5

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94

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pte

mb

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~anuary

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ober

94

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ding

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ns (

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WT

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ree

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ting

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--- -

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Vegitation

Soil

Water

Food crops

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Socio- economic conditions

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Tenure

Resource manaQ~ment

practICes

Problems

Opportunities

Data gathering for Model S u b-vvate rs he d

- 19 -

Figure 7

4 Pass the information back to the resources users for

management that includes implementation and self

monitoring

Figure 3 on page 5 presents the various steps undertaken in the

required planning approach once an area (sub-watershed) is

identified for planning The case of Mahameegaswewa spatial data

base is used to illustrate the process involved

Mahameegaswewa is a small tank cascade system in the Huruluwewa

watershed Its landscape matches the typical landscape profile as

illustrated in figure 1 This area was selected as a model

contiguous area for intervention under SCOR

The SCOR team members formed a group consisting of resources users

of the village and few governm~nt officers to carry out the

participatory resource use survey in the village The group was

provided with a map of 1 3000 scale with land marks indicating

roads and streams for guidance The group collected data and

mapped each land plot of the village

Cleaning of the map to maintain accuracy to scale was done

subsequently by a draughtsman supporting the group and the map was

available for planning a resources management project for the area

The map was digitized and linked to the computerized data base

using IDRISI Geographic Information System Map 2 shows the

current land use as at end of January 1994 by individual plots

The database provides information on the ownership tenure slope

soil erosion status soil conservation practices adopted current

land use number of trees on the plot and socio economic data of

the household

- 20 shy

Extracting information from the database the following theme maps

were produced

1 The current land use that can be updated seasonally with

the micro level changes taking place under the planned

activities in the area (map 2)

2 The slope of each highland plot categorized as the C gt1

slope and plane within the average 4 to 5 slope 1e

area allowing the selection of the plots f contour

bunds (map 3) -

3 The status of soil erosion on the highland plots (map 4)

4 The current conservation methods adopted by the resources

users (map 5)

5 The ownership of each land plot (map 6)

6 The land tenure (map 7)

A participatory resources management project was formtlated with an

investment of Rs 12 million The project aims to change the

current land use pattern to a productive diversified resource use

pattern combining production and conservation with interventions in

each major category of the land use map (Map 8) olombo based

company offered a forward contract to the user ~nization of

Meegaswewa to purchase a major portion of exportable produce under

the project A commercial bank agreed to provide a loan 4 times

larger than the SCOR grant for the user organization using the

grant deposit as collateral

Selection of plots for various activities is guided by querying the

database Map 9 illustrates this point The need was to identify

the plots having the best potential for homestead development

These plots will have to be selected from the highland plots The

following set of criteria was built up

a) The plots should have an area of one acre or more b) The house of the family should be located within the plot

to provide family labour including women easily and continuously

- 21 shy

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

lab

le

4

PR

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19

94

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

4 Pass the information back to the resources users for

management that includes implementation and self

monitoring

Figure 3 on page 5 presents the various steps undertaken in the

required planning approach once an area (sub-watershed) is

identified for planning The case of Mahameegaswewa spatial data

base is used to illustrate the process involved

Mahameegaswewa is a small tank cascade system in the Huruluwewa

watershed Its landscape matches the typical landscape profile as

illustrated in figure 1 This area was selected as a model

contiguous area for intervention under SCOR

The SCOR team members formed a group consisting of resources users

of the village and few governm~nt officers to carry out the

participatory resource use survey in the village The group was

provided with a map of 1 3000 scale with land marks indicating

roads and streams for guidance The group collected data and

mapped each land plot of the village

Cleaning of the map to maintain accuracy to scale was done

subsequently by a draughtsman supporting the group and the map was

available for planning a resources management project for the area

The map was digitized and linked to the computerized data base

using IDRISI Geographic Information System Map 2 shows the

current land use as at end of January 1994 by individual plots

The database provides information on the ownership tenure slope

soil erosion status soil conservation practices adopted current

land use number of trees on the plot and socio economic data of

the household

- 20 shy

Extracting information from the database the following theme maps

were produced

1 The current land use that can be updated seasonally with

the micro level changes taking place under the planned

activities in the area (map 2)

2 The slope of each highland plot categorized as the C gt1

slope and plane within the average 4 to 5 slope 1e

area allowing the selection of the plots f contour

bunds (map 3) -

3 The status of soil erosion on the highland plots (map 4)

4 The current conservation methods adopted by the resources

users (map 5)

5 The ownership of each land plot (map 6)

6 The land tenure (map 7)

A participatory resources management project was formtlated with an

investment of Rs 12 million The project aims to change the

current land use pattern to a productive diversified resource use

pattern combining production and conservation with interventions in

each major category of the land use map (Map 8) olombo based

company offered a forward contract to the user ~nization of

Meegaswewa to purchase a major portion of exportable produce under

the project A commercial bank agreed to provide a loan 4 times

larger than the SCOR grant for the user organization using the

grant deposit as collateral

Selection of plots for various activities is guided by querying the

database Map 9 illustrates this point The need was to identify

the plots having the best potential for homestead development

These plots will have to be selected from the highland plots The

following set of criteria was built up

a) The plots should have an area of one acre or more b) The house of the family should be located within the plot

to provide family labour including women easily and continuously

- 21 shy

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

Extracting information from the database the following theme maps

were produced

1 The current land use that can be updated seasonally with

the micro level changes taking place under the planned

activities in the area (map 2)

2 The slope of each highland plot categorized as the C gt1

slope and plane within the average 4 to 5 slope 1e

area allowing the selection of the plots f contour

bunds (map 3) -

3 The status of soil erosion on the highland plots (map 4)

4 The current conservation methods adopted by the resources

users (map 5)

5 The ownership of each land plot (map 6)

6 The land tenure (map 7)

A participatory resources management project was formtlated with an

investment of Rs 12 million The project aims to change the

current land use pattern to a productive diversified resource use

pattern combining production and conservation with interventions in

each major category of the land use map (Map 8) olombo based

company offered a forward contract to the user ~nization of

Meegaswewa to purchase a major portion of exportable produce under

the project A commercial bank agreed to provide a loan 4 times

larger than the SCOR grant for the user organization using the

grant deposit as collateral

Selection of plots for various activities is guided by querying the

database Map 9 illustrates this point The need was to identify

the plots having the best potential for homestead development

These plots will have to be selected from the highland plots The

following set of criteria was built up

a) The plots should have an area of one acre or more b) The house of the family should be located within the plot

to provide family labour including women easily and continuously

- 21 shy

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

- 60 337

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51 CL shyw

Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

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Mixed crops [5~) 0

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

rro IlliWJ ~

~

Q Stream reservatlon _

Mixed crops [5~) 0

Cemetery C

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bullbull

Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

37

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

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3621

0

296

4117

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

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Mixed crops [5~) 0

Cemetery C

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

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persons

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

- 60 337

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

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Open fore3t (5~J

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

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NWIlber of

persons

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

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Mixed crops [5~) 0

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

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Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

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data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

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31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

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116438

4585000

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c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

- 60 337

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

rro IlliWJ ~

~

Q Stream reservatlon _

Mixed crops [5~) 0

Cemetery C

Grid (I) Hor-th

500

Idrisi

bullbull

Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

37

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

c c) The slope of the plot should be of the category that Ci

requires soil conservation practices Cd) The plot should be of a status already subjected and

vulnerable to erosion C e) The plot should have no satisfactory conservation

C practices adopted

c Annex 2 and 3 describe a sample of information extracted from the laquo data base c

cWhen the database was queried to extract the plots that meet the

above criteria the computer produced a list of 25 plots out of the c 120 plots The GIS mapped those plots by pulling out the selected

bull c

data from the database showing the distributio~ of the plots the shy

total land area under these plots is 305 acres where as the

project needs 40 acres Being satisfied with the contiguity of the bulldistribution of the plots the adjoining plots are selected to fill bullthe gap creating a good model for evaluation research so that one

can learn to what extent the type of motivation resulting in the bull desired change of land use on plots both that satisfy and do not bullsatisfy the set criteria bull MONITORING BY USERS bull

- Map 8 outlines the major interventions guiding action on the

4 ground facilitating self monitoring by the user organization Thus

fthe spatial database combines spatial and attribute data for

providing the ability to control action with the information f generated to implement the project to achieve the status

articulated as the possible future prosperity of the area and

people concerned

Table 4 presents the monitoring format for the farmer organization

to monitor their activities Such an activity monitoring is

necessary to effectively manage the funds mobilized by the farmer

30

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

- 60 337

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51 CL shyw

Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

rro IlliWJ ~

~

Q Stream reservatlon _

Mixed crops [5~) 0

Cemetery C

Grid (I) Hor-th

500

Idrisi

bullbull

Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

37

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

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968138

0

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organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

- 60 337

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

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~

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Mixed crops [5~) 0

Cemetery C

Grid (I) Hor-th

500

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bullbull

Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

37

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

organization from the bank under the SCOR user grant component

In the Upper Nilwala watershed the spatial data collected was used

to extract information of the extent quality and the form of the

land and water resources in the subwatersheds Map 10 combines

slope data and plot data of the Aninkanda model production and

protection area where SCOR interventions are expected to cover the

total extent of land Slope categories were computed and classified

showing the areas under stress Plot data from the participatory

resource survey undertaken by the watershed office with resources

users and officials were used to superimpose each plot on the slope

map so that the combined map can give information that would

provide new information that would lead action This is facilitated

by pointing the area under stress and the plo~s in those areasl

Since the map is linked to a database I data available on who

occupies what land plot with what land use etc can be further

analyzed highlighting the spatial aspects extracting more

information from the data set

Map 11 presents a three dimensional view of the landuse in the

Aninkanda model sublocation mapped using the secondary data

available for 1989 According to this map the forest area is

limited to only 3 Map 12 Shows the landuse as at January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resources survey I carrying plot

level data This map and the database linked to it reveal the fact

that the area under dense forest had got reduced to a mere 1

The creation of the spatial database put the resources user

representatives and officials through a process of more fact

finding which is very complementary to the constraint analyses

undertaken using the ability to predict the future status of the

resources base

- 32 shy

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

- 60 337

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51 CL shyw

Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

rro IlliWJ ~

~

Q Stream reservatlon _

Mixed crops [5~) 0

Cemetery C

Grid (I) Hor-th

500

Idrisi

bullbull

Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSEVAT[ON AREA

upper Nilwala Watershed llMI-SCOR Project July 199t

33 -

Map 10

SLOPES AND PLOTS

SLOPE ~ AREA(h

~ 1 cJ 276

1 3Q ~ tz~~

31 shy 0(5 ~ 715

46 - 60 mlIlli 30

- 60 337

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

rro IlliWJ ~

~

Q Stream reservatlon _

Mixed crops [5~) 0

Cemetery C

Grid (I) Hor-th

500

Idrisi

bullbull

Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

C

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bullbullbullbull bull 41

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

37

---

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

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Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

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Mixed crops [5~) 0

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Grid (I) Hor-th

500

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Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

OU

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

Map 12

LAND USE shy ANINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATTi AREA

JANUARY 1994

Upper Nilwala Watrllhed seOR IIMI

- 35

h 5ni)

Paddy ffi~

Open fore3t (5~J

Dense forest (1~)

Scrub (15SiSl

rro IlliWJ ~

~

Q Stream reservatlon _

Mixed crops [5~) 0

Cemetery C

Grid (I) Hor-th

500

Idrisi

bullbull

Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

37

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

bullbull

Map 13 shows locations of measurement points for data collection on

the rainfall soil loss sediment transportation water quality and

other relevant aspects of the baseline conditions and the change

after interventions

Micro level databases linked to the location map of activities are

prepared for all the sublocations for the purposes of better

management of activities and monitoring An illustrative case is

the Annasidola production and protection project in Millawa

subwatershed

Map 14 presents the before project status as at end of January 1994

as mapped by the participatory resource use survey The map shows

the level of resource degradation with a large area under

moderately or poorly managed tea exposed waterways and open

forest areas Map 15 portraits the possible future planned by the

resources users The map indicates the planned vision of

transforming all the tea lands to well managed tea lands with fern

to floriculture low productive paddy to a seed farm open forests

to agro forestry exposed streams and road reservations to avenue

planting and stream reservation protection

This project formulated by the resources user organization has a

plan of action to make this transformation on landscape ~appen with

the technology organization and resources mobilized under SCOR

It is important to note that all the major interventions can be

seen translated to action on this space by the resources users

MilIa Ela flows from North to South east as indicated in the map

The slope is from South west to North east This land form

indicates the direction of drainage and the protective action

envisaged under avenue planting stream reservation protection and

managing crops balancing production and protection on the sloping

lands The map also indicates the importance of the interventions

covering all categories of land space for effective results as

36 shy

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Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

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C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

Map 13

ANNINKANDA MODEL PRODUCTION AND ONSERVATION AREA

Teo (1363 ha) 466 UAfA COLLECTION POINTS Garden IBOO 27 FOR RESEARCH Scrub (4711 16

Stream~ 126) 4~ Paody (109j 4

Fore5t (89 3t

LAND USE 1989

1-4 Sal lOSS lE~SIPlNo pcr-z I-silu soill~~ WOlter Guarty Nutrient loss GrQucd COyer ConqJY cover

9 Sediment flow middotVoter quality (streaml -lurent loss (ampreom orAt Run-off and bme ow At 11 ~oil chemical Quality~ 1() Qainfor (School prem~se$

At 12 sediment samples 03 5-9

37

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

bull bull

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C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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-4

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shy

Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

= middotC

C emphasized by SCOR as a strong element of strategy to address one

C of the downstream problems of flooding in Nilwala basin

C

INTEGRATING NON SPATIAL DATA C

CIn order to guide the process of human action on land for changed

landuse SCOR facilitates organization among resources users to C

strengthen their capacities for resources management This process C generates a volume of attribute data about groups investment

Cbehaviour management practices and hierarchical organizational

development These changes are input to the process of resources C

use change and therefore it is necessary to integrate these non C spatial data to the spatial data bases

C

Map 16 illustrates this point by showing how information on user C

groups adopting practices of land use change are linked to C databases Five different data bases for user groups are

C maintained The group database is updated once in six months

while the group activity database training database and the group bull user grant database are updated every month providing information bullof the expansion coverage and survival of grou~ practices

affecting the planned change bullbull

SCOR monitors the following major inputs that contributes to the bullcatalizing process in the watersheds

1 training bull 2 User group formation bull 3 User grants bull4 Complementary research

5 Host country contribution bullbull

The spatial aspects of the impact of these inputs are viewed bullbroadly by the watershed at present with the ability to undertake

a detailed evaluation with a better understanding of the spatial bull distribution of inputs vis a vis the programme outcome bull

- 40 bull 4

t

4

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

OU

P M

IS

1

bygr

ouP

J)

~

Dat

a 0

0 1

U

activ

ity

~I 0 R

1I

lat

ul

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F

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I

E

~ p

j ~

(0 r

E

Gpr

oduc

ti(o

R

and

RE

0

prot

ecti

onS

-

Fig

8

OP

ER

AT

ION

OF

Mamp

[ S

YS

rfEM

OF

SC

OR

PR

OJE

CT

RES

EAR

CH

DAT

A

I----~

Co

lccted

by

volu

ntar

y ca

taly

sts

Che

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--l~I

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I

Co

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s V

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tary

cat

alys

ts

Cat

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1

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Res

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h da

ta

on re

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nt

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Proc

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n Ev

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tion

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Per

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ss

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Mon

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ports

ac

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l

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In

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w

SCORl~

~~~~i~lal

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New

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Arti

cles

R

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rch

r~orts

~--

---

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-4

5

shy

Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

RESOURCES USER GROUPS

LOCATION AND ACTIVITY STATUS

Maren 1 994

Upper NilwCUA WCl-f6fSMd IIrvll SCOR PmJqcr

- 41 -

Map 16

MILlol-WA MODEL PRODUCTION AND

-CONSpoundRVAnON ARpoundA

16 TGa Iaruts COTlS6fVation groW 8 ProauGtion amp prot~1ion-

Cw flolWr 6 PlGm nursery

Stream rtsefOOtion protection SeectpadAy farm

SCOR MampE

DATABASES

bull Group bull TratntncJ PCtivity Graru

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

Figure 5 presents a sample data collection and display format used

in the Nilwala watershed indicating the field level organization

for data collection planning implementation and monitoring and

evaluation as explained earlier In support of these information

the catalysts have information in respect of each location on the

process of action and change in text form Information is

extracted from the databases maintained that can be mapped to show

the relevance to impact on the two pilot watersheds Annex 4

presents sample outputs of training user grants and host country

contribution by pilot watersheds

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL DATABASE

It is important to make the right choice of technology for

developing spatial databases for watershed resources management in

the context of appropriateness usefulness complementarity

adaptability and affordability The following considerations were

important to SCOR project

1 Participatory resources use survey and mapping should be

facilitated

2 Information collected by the people should be available with

them for their use once processed and analyzed

3 Timely production of maps in adequate numbers with

descriptions in local language should be made available for

the use for planning implementation and monitoring

4 Micro level planning and management of activities should be

facilitated by the information system

S The choice of technology should be appropriate to the local

conditions to sustain IfMission first machine to support

Participatory resource use survey and mapping work was designed to

collect minimum information needed in a short period of time with

locally available know how Maps available were enlarged wherever

42

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

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shy

Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

possible with the major land marks and boundaries marked to scale

so that the survey teams could mark plot level data maintaining

accuracy The field maps were redrawn by draughtsman adjusting for

scale where necessary Maps drawn for mini projects are in many

cases of 13000 scale For the purpose of computerization of these

maps and the subsequent analysis SCaR uses a low cost appropriate

Geographic information System (GIS)

GIS FOR WATERSHED RESOURCE USE PLANNING

Acquisition analysis display and reporting of information

extracted from spatial and non-spatial data on resources base and

use patterns are important functions of the Management Information

System of SCaR project The major task of the GIS is to create a

spatial database for the sub-watersheds generating information to

guide action in changing the current resources use to the desired

use and to help monitoring and evaluation of the process of

participatory watershed resources management SCaR project uses

IDRISI Geographic Information System (GIS) for this task

Maps were digitized using PC ARCINFO and converted to IDRISI format

for making rasterized images Creation of various thematic maps

and extracting information from the spatial data through proximity

analysis contiguity analysis and overlay operations were possible

Once the geographic definition map was produced in IDRISI it is

possible to link the database that is maintained in dbase or Lotus

to the map Delux paint software was used for map display and for

producing hard copies

Expensive color printing is minimised to meet the needs of

presentations whi~e more dot metrix printing of maps with titles

and legends in the local language was the method used to produce

maps for circulation among the resources users These maps can be

produced at the watershed offices in the two pilot watersheds

- 43 shy

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

integrated watershed resources management

- 44 shy

GR

OU

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

The local production of maps and information is part of the spatial

data base and the monitoring system of SCOR project Figure 8

presents the broad MampE framework within which all the functions

are structured to ensure a sound management information system for

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- 44 shy

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

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OP

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Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

Annex +

SCOi PROJ=CT - [(URULUEYlA Vd~l~ PtA~ criOVELBER 1 g~S TO SEPTEf~BER 1995) - ([DeCTORS

ltJOR IN1ERVENTIOH OUTIUT

(1) STABIUSATIONOFCHENAAND ENCROACHED STAIE LANDs

(a) Conservation farming AVvltrreuess Programme

Training Of Officers Users

Demostratious Workshops Visits Field Days SchoolPro~es

(b) Stabilisation of chenas

(c)

Conservation of Channels Roads Streams and Tank Bunds

Channels

Roads

Srreams

Tank Bunds

l

Officers-l25 Farmers 1000

15 04 Farmers 1000 Awareness created

among school children

20Ra from each User Gt-oups (2000 ha)

30km

15 Lm

25kmc

05 km

INDICATORS

Increased awareness indicated in before after assessment

Tree density Yield of cheua crops Profits Water infiltration Soil loss Moisture retaining capac ty Soil fertili ty

I

of Formal afleements I Investments I

l

I iPermanent crops

Euent freed from encroachments I

of eroded locations conserved

of flouPS formed of usufructuary rights flanted

of trees surviving

of eroded oCloons conserved

Tree density

Plants by type

Reservaton exteo ( dcmarca ted

of vulnerable sand mining IOCltI ti one

conserved

of formal ctiIeement~ )1- of Ixnnn 11 (

Ii of Bcourcj slt~tJ)n- j- bull

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

Annex 2

Conservation Practices

OLAND WATER-CONSERVATIO CATEGORJES~ ----~------------

Ilncomple~e Conservation_BUilds 182S [I

[sectjri~~ervatlOn rJ1eth~oas _ _ J-

N 1 NO OF PLOTS TOTAL EXTENT (ac)--r--

I 25 _

I 93 1

0_-_~75

Land Use Patterns

rLAND USE CATEGORIES I NO OF PLOTS ~TOTAL EXTENT I h I(ac) II

(ADDaddY _ yalaandmaha---~i 17 125 Ii c Maha - paddy yala - OFC 1 I 2 II r--- Maha - paddy )ala - fallow I 2 I 3 I

Yala and Maha - Chena cro s I 1 1 II Maha - Chena crop_s__~__-+-__2_6__--+-__1_9_7_5__ Yala - Chena crops -----i---------t----~-

l __ Not cultivated I 3 10 J ---- ---------~--+----~--I

I_H_O_M_E--ST--E_A_D___middot__middot_middotmiddot___-+I___ ~ ~_ Good permana~t crops 8 725 i ~ Poor permanant crops 22 21 I YalaMaha - seasonal crops --1-----5-----middot-=7~--lt

r----~~~- ~~~~-seasonal cr~p_s____ I 9~-_middot-_-_14-~7-~-~---i

I 1

CEMETERY i 1 i 05 I(IL ----------codJ

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

Annex 3

Table 3 - Land Ownership

II-I -shyII LAND OWNERSHIP I NO OF It CATEGORIES ----t PLOTS

TOTAL EXTENT

II 1

(AC) 1 I~urana land 24 26 7~

II Clear title (Sole 10 95 II owner ) __~___+-_~___llIEncroached land _ 4 5 +-~__3~~ II_Lan~~~sk force t __~7__13~~ I~nn~a~_permit_s__+_______~ ___55_1

II L DO permits [ _7 925 I

Table 4 - Soil Erosion

Land Slope

lr- - --- -I -- -- I --- -- --IIn

II LAND SLOPE NO OF I TOTAL II 11_S~T~~~~ES_~~~TS----l-n~-~~~--(ACJ-il

1I_~_=-_cr9wn____1 ___ ~_I 7 -~----II II ~--~--~ 19P~________1 _n~__~i--__ -___n~f)-~~~-n-~I II C - plane I 16 I 1025 II I =

Land Tenure

LAND TEN NO OF EXTENTCATEGORIES PLOTS

1pound operaLed 11lt1

(AC)

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

----------- --

Annex 4

TRAINING OF RESOURCES USERS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

SUBJECT AREA HURULUWEWA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

NILWALA

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

- TOTAL

DURING TODATE 3RD QTR

1 Resources use planning

977 3216 617 1171 1594 4387

2 Organization and Financial Management

33 260 0 67 33 327

3 tdarketin g 78 206 S 30 83 236

4 Group dynamics and Leadership

27 1023 28 50 5S 1073

TOTAL 1115 4705 650 1318 1765 6013

Source Training Database

SUMMARY REPORT ON HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION (HCC) 251093 - 300994

Description Nilwala Total N1IIIIber Total

HCC of (Rs )HWIlber HCC

persons(Rs ) persons

of

Contribution of NGOs groups farJl1 households and individuals by way of 2199 373796 6020 1341934 timelabour and materials supplied

Value of conserved 0 9050 9050 capital assets

0

Value of sub Grants 0 128800 2313180

Govt officers 768 112514 1064 228952 contribution

~--~

Conserved Area 672000 5257000

rotal 2967 1296160 7084 7068254

Huruluwewa

NWIlber of

persons

3621

0

296

4117

HCC (Rs )

968138

0

102518

116438

4585000

5772094

USER GRANTS - UPTO END OF 3RD QUARTER 1994

No of Purpose Amount Grants Granted

to Groups Rs

Nilwala Watershed 4 Seed Paddy Enterprise 41000

8 Plant Nursery 26500 Establishment

7 Anthurium Planting - 30000

1 Coconut cultivation 6500

1 Model Stream Garden 5500 Development

2 Forest reservation tree 19300 planting

23 Sub Total 128800

Huruluwewa watershed

1 Cultivation of Other Field 11250 Crops

1 Plant Nursery 17240 Establishment

1 Soya bean cultivation 50000

2 Cashew cultivation 17028

1 Bunana cultivation 7000

6 Sub Total 102518

29 TOTAL 231318