Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
SHARING EXPERIENCE OF RESETTLEMENT AND
BENEFIT-SHARING WITH LOCAL PEOPLE AROUND DAMS
IN WEST AFRICA
REGIONAL WORKSHOP
Ouagadougou, 13, 14 and 15 September 2011
TECHNICAL REPORT
September 2011
2
Contents
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 3
1. THE WORKSHOP ............................................................................................................ 4
2. WORKSHOP OUTCOMES ............................................................................................... 6
2.1 Workshop outputs ......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Analysis of discussions and workshop outputs ........................................................................... 10
CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 13
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................ 15
Appendix 1: Workshop Programme .................................................................................................. 16
Appendix 2: Speeches ....................................................................................................................... 18
Appendix 2: Speeches ....................................................................................................................... 18
Appendix 3: List of Participants ......................................................................................................... 24
Appendix 4: Communiqué final ......................................................................................................... 28
Appendix 5: List of Documents Provided .......................................................................................... 32
Appendix 6: Working group outputs ................................................................................................. 34
Appendix 7: Workshop Evaluation .................................................................................................... 42
3
INTRODUCTION Since 2009, the Water Resources Coordination Centre (WRCC) of ECOWAS has
been leading a “consultative process on large infrastructure projects in the water
sector within ECOWAS countries”. The overall objective of this project is to contribute
to the harmonious development of ECOWAS member states and to regional
integration.
This regional workshop was organised in response to two of the six overall
recommendations that emerged from this process, based on the work of an
independent panel of experts, presented and validated during regional workshops
with representatives of the countries, basin organisations and civil society.
These two recommendations were:
Integrate the affected communities as stakeholders, partners and beneficiaries
of the projects
Document and learn from existing experiences within ECOWAS
It was within this context of dialogue that the Global Water Initiative (GWI) and the
WRCC proposed to bring together around 40 West African stakeholders to share
their experiences in terms of resettlement and benefit sharing among local
communities since the first large infrastructures were built in the 1960s to the present
day, to examine the causes of failure and to document good practices. The workshop
brought together civil society organisations, users, local authorities, state technical
departments, dam managers, basin organisations, academics, lawyers and regional
and international organisations.
The “Dam” component of GWI (implemented by a consortium of the International
Union for the Conservation of Nature – IUCN/International Institute for the
Environment and Development – IIED) aims at improving governance of water
resources and promoting IWRM by involving local communities in developing multiple
uses for reservoirs and in managing them, to ensure benefits are fairly shared among
the users. To achieve these objectives, the project promotes the need to share
experiences (good and bad) and approaches taken in this field, to learn from
processes that have already taken place and better prepare future actions.
4
The initiative to organise such a meeting among stakeholders arose at a time when
major large dam projects are underway in several countries of the region (Taoussa in
Mali, Kandadji in Niger, Fomi in Guinea, Samendéni in Burkina, Adjarala in Togo etc.)
to meet the populations’ current and future needs in terms of water, power and food
security. The issue of resettlement is key to the successful construction and
operation of such dams, in that if the resettlement process does not uphold the
affected communities’ rights and the principles of good governance (equity,
participation, accountability, transparency, competence etc.), the risk of conflict and
failure of development plans is very high. These conflicts can prevent the project
objectives from being reached, creating high transactional costs which sometimes
affect several generations.
1. THE WORKSHOP
The workshop took place over three days, during which presentations and
discussions were organised as follows:
An introductory sequence with opening speeches (see Appendix 2) given by
Mr. Nouradine Touré, President of the Regional Niger River Basin User
Coordination unit, Mr. Jean-Marc Garreau, Regional Programmes Coordinator
of the IUCN West and Central Africa Programme (PACO), and Mr. Innocent
Ouédraogo, Interim Director of the Water Resources Coordination Centre of
ECOWAS. The speeches were followed by the introduction of each participant
(see participant list in Appendix 3) and the presentation of the programme for
the workshop (see Appendix 1).
A second sequence to share experiences through two introductory
presentations made by the GWI and seven presentations made by participants
from Ghana, Nigeria, Liberia, Mali, Benin, Guinea and Burkina Faso:
Resettlement of displaced people and benefit sharing in Ghana; Richard Twum Koranteng, Ghana Dams Dialogue.
Resettlement and compensation of local people, fisheries management and benefit sharing at Kompienga dam Burkina Faso; Parimani Sabdano, Mayor and Yacouba Ouédraogo, Director, Périmètre Aquacole d’Intérêt Economique.
5
HYPPADEC (Hydropower Producing Areas Development Commission): Experience of dam affected people in Nigeria. Hope Ogbeide, Director, SWAPHEP.
Resettlement and benefit sharing for people displaced by Sélingué and Manantali dams: lessons and perspectives; Dr Mahamane MAÏGA, University of Bamako, Mali.
Resettlement experience at the Garafiri Dam, Guinea ; Sékou Fofana, Electricité de Guinée.
Experiences of Benin in dams and irrigated agriculture, Michel Yabi, Benin.
Relocation and benefit sharing with people living around dams – the Liberia experience; Oliver B. Kulah.
A third sequence during which the participants were divided into four groups to
work on the following themes: i) factors for success and reasons for failure of
resettlement and benefit-sharing experiences; ii) the lessons learned from
different experiences. These working groups highlighted around fifteen
lessons learned which were summarised by a core group. They were then
presented in a plenary session, where it was deemed necessary to examine
some of the proposals in greater depth to develop concrete measures to
improve resettlement processes. Participants were again split into smaller
groups to work on this issue.
A fourth sequence which consisted in another round of presentations on
sharing the benefits of dams in West Africa and on the legal aspects of
resettlement:
Benefit sharing in West Africa: results from five case studies (Sélingué, Moussodougou, Bagré, Kompienga and Niandouba-Confluent) undertaken by Global Water Initiative. Jamie Skinner, IIED.
Legal aspects of resettlement and the case of Kandadji; Hamidou Garané (University of Ouagadougou) and Saadou Aladoua (President of the Court of Tillabéri, Niger).
Benefit sharing with local people in the context of Kandadji dam, Niger; Idrissa Diaouga, Haut Commissariat à l’Aménagement de la Vallée du Niger (HCAVN), Niger.
6
Resettlement of people affected by dams in Togo. Lessons learned and opportunities for the Adjarala dam. Kossi Loumonvi, Jeunes Volontaires pour l’Environnement, Togo.
Measures planned in the resettlement programme at Samandéni dam through the Integrated programme for the Samendeni Valley, Burkina Faso; Fanny Kaboré, Chef du département social et environnemental, Projet Samandéni.
A fifth sequence enabled participants to work in three groups on the specific
terms and conditions for the fair sharing of benefits in the fields of power and
water supply, irrigation and fisheries.
A sixth sequence was held to bring together all the key messages that arose
from the workshop, and to draw up a communiqué final. The communiqué
final was adopted by all workshop participants to resounding applause, on the
condition that minor comments be taken into account that an important
measure regarding the consideration of women, youth and handicapped
people be integrated into the different approaches to resettlement and benefit
sharing.
Overall, the workshop activities took place in a respectful and courteous atmosphere,
which did not prevent the frank exchange of points of view. The high quality of
contributions and the passion of the presentations and debates demonstrated just
how topical the subject is and how high the stakes are regarding the different aspects
of resettlement and benefit sharing, confirming the pertinence of conducting such a
dialogue process among the different stakeholders.
The workshop was closed by a word of thanks from the Interim Director of the Water
Resources Coordination Centre of ECOWAS, after participants had filled in a
workshop evaluation form.
2. WORKSHOP OUTCOMES
2.1 Workshop outputs
The following key points emerged from the presentations
7
For old dams, despite the diversity of approaches to resettlement and benefit
sharing, there are very few examples of success; rather there is a wide range
of reasons for failure. Good practices clearly remain to be determined,
perhaps they will emerge from the current wave of construction projects,
For dams under construction fairly participatory approaches have been taken,
showing greater awareness of the need to involve affected communities, but
many unknown factors and questions remain regarding resettlement (census,
habitat, land ownership, financing the process etc.)
Documents on certain processes regarding the construction of older dams
were presented and made available to participants (see list of references in
Appendix 5).
Outputs of the working groups:
A list of the causes of failure and factors for success identified in the
experiences of resettlement and benefit sharing
A list of the lessons learned from resettlement and benefit-sharing processes.
Causes of failure and factors for success:
As regards this output, note that the different groups tended to identify more causes
of failure than factors for success. This is due to the fact that dam construction from
the 1960s to 1990s was riddled with problems and failures that came to light with
time, caused by a lack of transparency in the processes (limited information and
awareness-raising) and the lack of trust between the government and the affected
communities. Workshop participants noted that the progression of democracy and
decentralisation in many countries have notably altered the administrative and
political landscape. Dams are constructed now in a very different context from that of
the past. There are no recent (less than 20 years) experiences to speak of, apart
from those that are underway and are still at the initial stages of resettlement, i.e. the
specification of terms and conditions and the first relocations (Taoussa, Kandadji,
Samendéni, Bui). In general, the causes of failure can be linked to:
The perception by the community that the government has not fulfilled its
commitments (sometimes substantiated, sometimes not),
The lack of or uncertainty regarding land ownership for resettled communities,
8
A failure to take cultural heritage into account,
Failure to compensate all categories of affected people, or compensation that
is out of proportion with the prejudice caused (for instance traditional use of
land and resources that legally belong to the State),
The lack of access for affected people to certain benefits such as electricity for
their villages, water supply systems etc.,
Discrimination against host villages who have not been compensated in the
same way as the resettled population,
Failure to implement accompanying measures in terms of sharing know-how
with the affected communities so they can take advantage of new
opportunities created by the dams,
etc.
Details of the outputs for each group are given in Appendix 6.
The Lessons Learned
The initial lists of lessons learned drawn up in the first working group sessions were
not very detailed due to a lack of time, and were sometimes less relevant than those
given in the presentations. Therefore it was necessary to examine the main lessons
learned more closely such that specific measures and approaches for putting them
into practice could be identified. In order to be more exhaustive and ensure that
debate would go beyond resettlement to consider benefit sharing, the participants
were asked to think about specific terms and conditions in the form of measures and
approaches to be taken to ensure fair sharing of benefits such as access to
electricity, water, fisheries and irrigation. Note that while participants were able to
make appropriate proposals as regards electricity and water supply and fisheries,
solutions to ensure access to and exploitation of irrigated land were less forthcoming.
The main points of discussion from these three groups can be found in Appendix 6.
The following table presents the lessons learned and recommended measures for
resettlement and benefit sharing with local communities around dams in West Africa,
identified following the various working sessions. The left-hand column gives a
generic description of the proposals (direct outputs from the working group sessions)
9
given in the right-hand column. Elements for which no proposals are given in the
right-hand column were identified for sharing the benefits of electricity, water and
fisheries.
Summary of the Lessons Learned
Key Messages Output from working groups 1. Plan resettlement areas from a good
baseline study, making provision for immigration and population growth
a. Undertake a good baseline study b. Take account of population growth in the
resettlement plans c. Ensure that resettlement is well planned
2. Resettlement villages should not have special status. They should be included in normal administrative structures, not belong to the agency that resettled them.
d. Villages should not have special status. They should be included in normal administrative structures not the agency that resettled them.
3. Avoid compensating beneficiaries in cash except for irreplaceable assets (eg trees)
e. Avoid compensating beneficiaries in cash except for irreplaceable assets (eg trees)
4. Reinforce capacity of civil society and local people for effective management of the resettlement process notably providing legal assistance to affected people.
f. Reinforce capacity of civil society and local people for the resettlement process.
5. Undertake a pilot resettlement operation for one village before relocating the remainder, whenever possible.
g. Undertake a pilot resettlement operation for one village before relocating the remainder.
6. Ensure the State has the necessary resources to finance the resettlement in a timely manner
h. Ensure the State has the necessary resources to finance the resettlement in a timely manner.
i. Establish a contingency fund to address unexpected impacts.
j. Guarantee the sources and level of funding
7. Establish mechanisms to ensure land tenure security for houses and farmlands by providing documentation that allocates rights (use rights, property rights...) to each resettled family.
k. Establish mechanisms to ensure land tenure security for houses and farmlands
l. Provide documentation that allocates the resettlement properties to each resettled family.
8. Involve local people in all stages of the decision making process (eg. type of housing, management of cultural heritage, choice of resettlement site) and only resettle communities after timely, adequate consultation and accurate information is given in a locally accessible language and format.
m. Involve local people in all stages of the decision making process
n. Do not combine culturally different groups in a single resettlement village
o. Agree on the type of housing to be delivered
p. Resettle communities only after timely, adequate consultation and accurate information in locally accessible language and format.
10
9. Reinforce the capacity of resettled people and host communities to allow them to live together and to benefit from new and unfamiliar resources (irrigation, fisheries...) and opportunities (tourism, commerce...)
q. Reinforce the capacity of resettled people to allow them to benefit from new resources (irrigation, fisheries)
10. Organise the fisheries and establish a multi-actor management body to ensure the sustainable management of the resource and the payment of taxes in favour of local development.
r.
11. Ensure that the permanent arrangements for management of the dam and reservoir are clear (multi-actor committee) once the construction phase is complete.
s. Harmonise the role of all actors in an appropriate framework
12. Establish a multi-stakeholder monitoring committee to ensure effective delivery of accompanying plans.
t. Establish a monitoring committee to ensure effective delivery of accompanying plans.
13. Establish an appropriate electricity supply system to resettled and host villages while ensuring that new sites are fully connected to the grid.
u.
14. A percentage of the income from the sale of electricity should benefit the local development fund for affected people.
v.
15. A moratorium/subsidy period for electricity supply to resettled and host communities is desirable and should be decided by in-country negotiation.
w. A moratorium/subsidy period for electricity is desirable and should be decided by in-country negotiation.
16. Assess and compensate the loss of cultural heritage and traditional use.
x. Take account of the cultural heritage
The elements in the left-hand column are those presented in the communiqué final
(see Appendix 4) following some modifications made during the plenary session
when it was adopted, as well as a 17th point “Pay special attention to the particular
needs of women, youth and handicapped people in all the above processes and
ensure their effective participation in decision-making processes”
2.2 Analysis of discussions and workshop outputs
The discussions highlighted the main areas of concern and questions, but also
revealed some differences of opinion.
11
Main areas of concern
The issue of land ownership for resettled communities was an important subject
of discussion, in that for many of the resettled communities from old dams such as
Sélingué, those who were resettled never received any official document that clearly
specified the status of the land they lived on and farmed. Some participants argued
that provisions should be made to ensure land titles be granted, while others called
for a review of ownership rights in the national context, due to the wide diversity of
legislation in the 15 ECOWAS countries. Some countries such as Niger have
legislation that recognises the right to private property in rural areas, whereas others
such as Senegal and Burkina have specified a national land area, owned by the
state. While in Niger there are legal provisions allowing property titles to be granted
for existing rural land, this is not the case in Burkina for instance where it is very
difficult to obtain a land title that grants total ownership, particularly for rural land.
Good practice to provide security for resettled communities would be, regardless of
the country and its legislation, to systematically deliver titles that recognise either
rights of usage, landholding or ownership to the resettled households and their hosts.
In addition to this issue there is the need for judicial and legal assistance for
affected people in the resettlement process. While dam management structures
receive legal aid and advice to guide their decisions, local communities who have
suffered prejudice, receive no advice at all. One of the expectations is that legal aid
become systematic, particularly in cases where an advisory committee is set up to
settle litigation and other conflicts.
How can it be ensured that the fees paid by the water resource operating
companies really benefit the affected communities? The issue of sharing the
financial benefits generated by the sale of electricity remains a key point of debate, in
that the taxes paid to the local authorities are fairly high (from 45 to 200 million FCFA
per year), but the way this is managed by government officials in certain areas
prevents the affected communities from really benefiting from these financial gains, in
other words, they would like to know where the money goes. The participants,
particularly the representatives of the Niger River Basin users, recommend setting up
a local development fund with clear operating rules and a management structure
made up mainly of representatives of the affected communities to ensure the fair
12
distribution of fees and taxes to the benefit of those who are displaced, and ensuring
that this does not generate great disparities with regard to the host villages and
communities. For the Mayor of Kompienga in Burkina Faso, which manages such
fees, the town council is accountable and the funds are managed transparently to
provide local services. It is a legitimate tax on an economic activity and not a fund for
resettled people.
During the final session a significant oversight was noted in the discussions regarding
vulnerable groups. In Mali for example, there is a law that stipulates that 10% of
irrigated land must be assigned to women, which is not the case everywhere.
Therefore, it was proposed that “particular attention be paid to the particular
needs of women, youth and handicapped people” in all the above processes and
ensure their effective participation in decision-making processes” (see the 17th key
message of the communiqué final).
Questions
One of the questions regarding the case of Taoussa in Mali remained unanswered. It
concerns the resettlement of nomadic populations, for whom no census has been
taken and whose dwellings do not appear in aerial photographs. These communities
demand housing and arable land, along the same lines as the other ethnic groups in
the same geographical area affected by the dam construction, but they retain their
nomadic traditions. What is the solution?
Differences of Opinion
As regards the integration of displaced communities into the host villages, the
solution for certain participants (for instance from Ghana), is to create separate
groupings, because certain socio-cultural groups are incompatible when it comes to
living together. This opinion was strongly contested by participants from the Sahel
region, who feel that similar conditions should be created to benefit both the local and
incoming populations in order to promote multi-cultural integration of different socio-
professional groups, as an assurance of social harmony.
The notion of benefit sharing also raised some differences of opinion. For access
to electricity for instance, some were in favour of setting up preferential tariffs for
13
affected communities and those living alongside the dam, or even providing free
power at least for a transition period, while others called for the same prices for all.
For the latter, it would be more pertinent to set up fees and/or taxes on the activities
created thanks to the dams, which could finance local development. Some
participants also proposed providing electricity and water supply systems using solar
power and boreholes, while others felt that electricity and water should not be
provided in the form of cheap alternatives, but that the same electricity and water
should be available to all from the reservoir.
The issue of compensation also gave rise to heated debate on whether it should be
in kind or in cash. One view was that cash compensation should be avoided because
the money made available is usually diverted from its initial destination, sometimes
generating the opposite effect. This is the case for reconstruction, whereby rather
than build a house, the beneficiaries prefer to invest in other needs (livestock,
dowries, motorbikes, radios etc.) diminishing the quality of resettlement operations
around dams. It was proposed that the construction should be carried out for the
beneficiaries, or that a system of gradual disbursement and monitoring of
construction be set up to ensure the communities used the money as it was intended.
However, the participants also insisted that this approach should not be applied
systematically to all aspects, such as compensation for arable land or orchards, in
that the new context may not offer the conditions required to reproduce such
activities. It would be better to ensure the continuity of revenues that these
investments provided each year and which are lost upon relocation.
CONCLUSION
The workshop on the sharing of experiences of resettlement and benefit sharing
around dams in West Africa achieved its objectives as regards the level of discussion
and debate that demonstrated participants’ interest in this topic. Experiences were
shared through a dozen presentations and during the working group sessions to
identify the key messages for different stakeholders, in particular decision-makers.
The results of the workshop evaluation (see Appendix 7) confirm the relevance of the
topic and the quality of the contributions made. The workshop outputs confirm the
14
need to continue dialogue around dams and there is hope that this will be the case,
in that this workshop brought together a wide range of West African stakeholders
from different countries, who are directly concerned with reservoir management.
They noted the similarity of the problems faced in different contexts and now have
made contacts to continue sharing experiences and building and leading advocacy
actions to better prepare current and future processes and to improve the
management of existing dams.
15
APPENDICES
16
Appendix 1: Workshop Programme
PROGRAMME Tuesday 13 September
9H-9H30 Opening Nouradine Zakaria Touré : President- Coordination of water
users in the Niger Basin. Jean-Marc Garreau, Regional Programme Coordinator.
Central and West Africa Programme, IUCN (PACO) Innocent Ouédraogo, Acting Director, Water Resources
Coordination Center, ECOWAS. Presentation of participants Presentation of workshop programme (Serge Sédogo, facilitator)
9H30-10H15 : Session 1 plenary
Introduction to the Workshop The regional consultation process around large water
infrastructure in the ECOWAS area. Jamie Skinner, IIED, member of the ECOWAS expert panel
The Global Water Initiative- project on dams. Jérome Koundouno, IUCN-PACO
Projection of the film “Building the Dialogue” (12 minutes) 10H15-10H45 Coffee break
10H45-13H : Session 2 plenary
Sharing past experience Resettlement and benefit sharing in Ghana; Richard Twum
Koranteng, Ghana Dams Dialogue Experience from Kompienga Dam ; Parimani Sabdano, Mayor
and Yacouba Ouédraogo, Director, Périmètre Aquacole d’Intérêt Economique), Burkina Faso
Expérience from Kainji Dam. Hope Ogbeide, Director, SWAPHEP Nigeria
Resettlement and benefit sharing for people displaced by Sélingué and Manantali dams: lessons and perspectives ; Dr Mahamane MAÏGA, University of Bamako, Mali
Resettlement experience at the Garafiri Dam, Guinea ; Sékou Fofana, Electricité de Guinée
Resettlement of local people due to the construction of Kossou dam ; Yapo Serge Koman, Direction Générale de l’Energie, Côte d’Ivoire.
Questions and discussion
13H-14H LUNCH 14H-16H30 : Session 3 Group work, including the coffee break
Sharing experience and understanding the issue Organisation of five working groups of 10 people each.
16H45-17H30 : After the session
Consolidation of group work (facilitators + rapporteurs from each group)
17
Wednesday 14 September 8H30-10H : Session 4 plenary
Feedback from group work (session 3) and discussions
10H-10H30 COFFEE BREAK 10H30-12H30 : Session 5 plenary
What opportunities for sharing benefits from dams with local people
Results from five case studies undertaken by GWI, Jamie Skinner, IIED
Legal aspects of resettlement Hamidou, Garané (University of Ouagadougou) and Saadou Aladoua (Judge from the Court of Tillabéri, Niger)
Perspectives for Kandadji Dam , Niger (tbc) Resettlement of people affected by dams in Togo.Lessons
learned and opportunities for the Adjarala dam, Kossi LOUMONVI, Jeunes Volontaires pour l’Environnement, Togo
Measures planned at Samandéni dam, Burkina Faso; Fanny Kaboré, Director of social and environmental department, Samandéni Dam Project.
Questions and discussion 13H00-14H00 LUNCH 14H00-16H00 : Session 6 Working groups, coffee break included
What opportunities for benefit sharing from dams within the ECOWAS region ? Five working groups
16H15-17H : After the session
Organisation and consolidation of results across the five groups (facilitators + rapporteurs)
Thursday 15 September 9H00-10H30 : Session 7 plenary
Feedback and discussion
10H30-11H COFFEE BREAK 11H-11H30 Evaluation of the workshop 11H30-12H Analysis of the key themes and next steps 12H30 Final communiqué and closing of the workshop 13H00 LUNCH Afternoon Departure of participants
18
Appendix 2: Speeches
Speech by Mr. Nouradine Zakaria Touré, President of the Coordination Régionale des Usagers(ères) des Ressources Naturelles du Bassin du Niger (CRUBN) - Regional Niger Basin Natural Resource User Coordination unit
The Director of the Water Resource Coordination Centre of ECOWAS,
The Regional Programme Coordinator of the IUCN, Central and Western Africa Programmes,
The Regional Coordinator of the Global Water Initiative,
Ladies and Gentlemen representing the development authorities for Kandadji, Taoussa and Fomi,
Our development partners,
Representatives of civil society,
Ladies and gentlemen,
First of all, allow me first of all to congratulate and thank the WRCC/ECOWAS and the GWI for their efforts to build stakeholder capacities around large infrastructure in West Africa in general and in particular to ensure the participation of civil society in the dialogue on dams. It should be recalled that the WRCC/ECOWAS, in collaboration with the IUCN, also organised a series of meetings for civil society stakeholders (in Nouakchott for the Senegal River Basin in May 2010, in Sélingué, Mali for the Niger River Basin in June 2010 and Ouagadougou for the five major regional basins in January 2011) as well as regional workshops in January 2011 in Ouagadougou, Niamey and Dakar for the major West African river basins. This process clearly shows just how much the regional institutions are committed to ensuring a productive dialogue among all stakeholders directly concerned by the displacement and resettlement of communities affected by dams. The various exchange visits to Sélingué, organised by the National Niger Basin Natural Resource User Coordination units for the communities of Kandadji, Taoussa and Fomi, have helped us to better understand and identify the best options for displacement and resettlement. It should be noted that substantial improvements if not a completely new approach should be implemented for these new dams. These exchange visits helped the people from the areas around Kandadji, Taoussa and Fomi to understand the major issues at stake, the positive and negative impacts and to build dialogue with the authorities responsible for the new dams.
19
I cannot conclude without making special mention of the High Commissioner of Kandadji and the General Directors of Fomi and Taoussa, who have thus far spared no effort to respond to the various requests of civil society in the context of the dams. Finally, this regional workshop on resettlement and benefit sharing around dams in West Africa will provide us with the opportunity to review resettlement experiences since our countries’ independence to the present day and to lay down new foundations in terms of good experiences and practice and good social governance that can be shared around Africa and the world. Long live the regional, national and local dialogue on dams,
Long live regional cooperation within the WRCC/ECOWAS and the GWI.
Thank you for your kind attention
Speech of Mr. Jean-Marc Garreau, Regional Programme Coordinator of the UICN-PACO (Central and Western Africa Programmes)
The President of the Regional Niger River Basin Natural Resource User Coordination unit
The Director of the Water Resource Coordination Centre of ECOWAS,
Ladies and gentlemen representing the basin organisations,
West African experts
Ladies and gentlemen representing civil society,
On behalf of the Regional Director of the IUCN for West and Central Africa who could not be here today, I could not begin without thanking the Director of the ECOWAS Water Resources Coordination Centre for their support and presence at this workshop. We see this as a sign of their particular concern for one of the most complex and sensitive aspects of the implementation of these large dam projects. I am talking about taking into account the social and economic problems caused by the displacement of local communities around dam sites and around the reservoirs created. I also see this as a recognition of a methodology, and approach that is one of listening and dialogue which bring a crucial human dimension to problems that have been treated in a technical, technocratic manner for far too long.
I would also like to commend the work carried out by our partners on the ground, representatives of civil society, users, producers, dam managers and irrigated zone managers. Through local, national and regional analysis and consultation, you have achieved recognition as responsible stakeholders and promoters of projects and solutions for the future.
The mitigation of the negative social and environmental impacts of dams has always been an important aspect in the minds of project promoters and decision-makers, but the reality on the ground often lags behind and the local communities become
20
victims, in spite of themselves, due to a lack of preparation, financing and actual implementation of measures listed in the impact studies. Indeed, the technical, social, economic and financial solutions that will correct in a fair and balanced way the long-term and short-term impacts, far-off impacts with consequences in the immediate vicinity of the developed zones, these solutions remain to be built. Approaches to deal with negative impacts systematically, such that they be taken into account in the same way as the technical aspects of water resources, are not widely accepted because they have not yet been properly tested in practice, and because the true value of their effects is just beginning to be recognised.
This is the reason behind the organisation of this workshop and of the entire process of studies and dialogue made possible by the constant and generous support of the Howard Buffet Foundation through the Global Water Initiative (GWI). The answers to be found must be based on the experience of those who have lived through resettlement processes and those who managed them and who today are ready to learn from these experiences. The answers must be based on the experience and the perceptions of those who designed or will design resettlement plans, those who implemented them and those who were affected by them so that balanced answers may be found that take into account the interests of the greatest number of stakeholders within the scope of a long-term vision.
The road to reliable and socially and economically viable solutions, accepted by all parties is certainly still long. But it is clear for all stakeholders that dams bring development, well-being and security for current and future generations, so solutions do exist to ensure that the benefits are shared by all in the fairest and most equitable manner.
Our task is to build these solutions together, which will be refined and adjusted over the months, to feed current debate on the future of dams in West Africa and contribute to the construction of a new political and institutional framework that is more open and inclusive than in the past. More than ever the IUCN has integrated the search for fair and viable solutions to the questions that large dams raise all around the world into its programme. In West Africa, where many stakeholders are involved in this field, we will make every effort to work alongside ECOWAS, continue the construction of dialogue among you, the stakeholders, and share your experiences beyond West Africa, with other regions around the world.
Thank you all for coming, as stakeholders, architects and designers, to learn lessons from each other and to build solutions for the projects underway and those of the future. I wish you a very productive workshop.
Opening speech by Mr. Innocent Ouédraogo, Interim Director of WRCC/ECOWAS
Ladies and gentlemen representing the basin organisations,
Country representatives,
The representative of IUCN
21
Ladies and gentlemen representing civil society,
Ladies and gentlemen,
First of all, greetings to you all from the Commissioner in Charge of Agriculture, the Environment and Water Resources, Mr. Ousseini Salifou.
As you know, since 2009, the Water Resource Coordination Centre has been running a project to build dialogue on large water sector infrastructure in the ECOWAS zone.
The overall objective of this project is to contribute to the harmonious development of member states and to regional integration, through the implementation of a dialogue on dams.
This has led us, in the context of this dialogue, to share past experiences of dams in the ECOWAS zone in terms of infrastructure construction and to examine the socio-economic and environmental issues.
The question of benefit sharing around large infrastructure seemed to be an important topic to be examined, as this issue is essential to the implementation of two recommendations made by the multidisciplinary panel of experts in charge of analysing good practices: these are the recommendations regarding the “integration of affected communities” and the “documenting and sharing of experiences”
This is why we have involved two partner institutions with extensive expertise on these issues, the IUCN West and Central Africa Programme, and the IIED, supported in this project by the Global Water Initiative of the Howard Buffet Foundation.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
As you will see in the presentations, resettlement of local communities has often been very laborious in this region, which leads to situations that are difficult to manage even decades after the dams have been constructed.
Therefore, in terms of return on investment in dams, we feel it is now important to share our experiences of the past and identify the lessons learned for future dams.
This is precisely the objective of this workshop which should be considered as workshop to share experiences.
This workshop is intended to be very interactive, alternating presentations to the plenary group and working group sessions.
Furthermore, participants have been asked to provide relevant documentation that will be made available on-line on the WRCC website.
Dear participants,
The dialogue on dams continues thanks to you. The expert panel responsible for analysing good practices and formulating recommendations for decision-making completed its tasks last July.
22
Following all these activities, the WRCC has at its disposal a great number of recommendations that it will validate internally and which will then be submitted to ECOWAS to be integrated into a directive.
Ladies and gentlemen, dear participants,
I hope that Integrated Water Resource Management, the main mission of the WRCC, will become a daily reality for us all – that is to say for the people of our sub-region who will benefit from the results of these new dams (such as electricity, or improved food security) but also for the people living in the vicinity of these infrastructures who will no longer be victims, but will be beneficiaries too.
I am sure that this will be the case and I wish us all the best for our workshop.
Thank you very much.
Closing speech by Mr. Innocent Ouédraogo, Interim Director of WRCC/ECOWAS
Ladies and gentlemen representing the basin organisations,
Country representatives,
The representative of IUCN
Ladies and gentlemen representing civil society,
Ladies and gentlemen,
You have been working together for three days in this room to share your experiences of resettlement and benefit sharing among local communities around the construction of large hydraulic infrastructure in West Africa.
Based on concrete examples, you had to identify the essential conditions for successful resettlement of affected communities and for fairly sharing the new resources resulting from the dams.
I am delighted to see that this workshop was based on very different experiences from the entire ECOWAS zone, with presentations covering around ten countries, whether of the Sahel or the coastal region, French or English speaking. The presentations also covered the initiatives taken on the main transboundary basins of the region (Niger, Senegal and Volta rivers).
Finally, the case studies concerned completed dams, but also those under construction or planned in the near future.
Ladies and gentlemen,
23
As I said in my introductory speech, the expert panel in charge of analysing good practices for large infrastructure construction made several recommendations, including the “integration of affected communities” and the “documenting and sharing of experiences”.
I think that following this workshop, we have made significant progress toward these two objectives.
The messages arising from your work will be reworked and used in the context of the dialogue on dams which continues.
We are sure that after validation by the technical bodies of the WRCC, we will be able to use your work to contribute towards a proposed ECOWAS directive.
Dear participants,
I would therefore like to thank all presenters and participants for your rich contributions.
I would like to thank the IUCN and IIED teams, supported by the GWI, for their motivation and professionalism in organising this workshop.
I would also like to sincerely applaud the facilitator, Serge Alfred Sedogo, for his efficiency in organising the debates and summarising contributions.
Finally, I congratulate the interpreters and the hostesses for their availability and their expertise.
I wish you all a safe journey home.
24
Appendix 3: List of Participants
1. ABOAGYE Minta
Chairman, National Co- ordination Commitee Ghana Dams Dialogue P.O.Box MB 516, Ministries Accra/GHANA Bur.: 00233 (0) 302784752 - 4 Mob.: 00233 (0) 244321732 Fax: 00233 (0) 302784752 Email: [email protected]
2. AHMED Atiku Abubakar
Director Water Resources and Environnement LCBC BP: 727 N’Djamena - TCHAD Bur.: 0023522524145 Mob.: 00235 62413031 / 77309399 Fax: 00235 22524137 Email: [email protected]
3. ALADOUA Saadou Président du TGI de Tillabéri, Juge des expropriations du barrage de Kandadji BP: Tillabéri NIGER Bur.: 00227 20711454 Mob.: 00227 96995079/90995079 Fax: 00227 20711254 Email: [email protected]
4. ASSOUMANE Moussa Assistant de Programme UICN - NIGER BP 10933 Bur.: 00227 20724006 Mob.: 00227 98345792 Email: [email protected]
5. ATIKPO Yao T. M. Samuel Directeur Exécutif Adjoint P.I 10 BP 13621 Ouaga 10 BURKINA Bur.: 00226 50376067 Mob.: 00226 70541468 Fax: 00226 50376486 Email: [email protected]
6. BOJANG Yusupha Hydrological Superintendent BP: Department of Water Resources 7 Marina Parade Banjul, The GAMBIA Bur.: 220 4228216 Mob.: 220 9935718 Fax: 220 4225009 Email: [email protected]
7. COFIE Olufunke LEADER CPWF-VOLTA (DR) Challenge Program on Water and Food in the Volta C/O Volta Bassin authority 10 P.O.Box 13621 Ouaga 01 Bur.: 0226 50370067 Mob.: 00226 74101790 Fax: 00226 50376486 Email: [email protected]
8. COULIBALY Sidi Communicateur GWP - AO 03 BP: 7112 Ouagadougou Bur.: 00226 50366212 Mob.: 00226 70234104 Fax: 00226 50366208 Email: [email protected] [email protected]
9. DE AZINGHAGA Paulino Sousa Point Focal National CCRE Hydrologue Guinée - Bissau MERN/DGRH GUINEE BISSAU Mob.: 00245 6674041 Email: [email protected]
10. DIABY Mouctar Chef de Division Electrique Projet Fomi BP: 4286 Bur.: 00224 30455867 Mob.: 00224 64786924 Email: [email protected]
11. DIEME Landing Président Feproba / CNCR /ROPPA BP: 729 Bur.: 00227 20315202 Mob.: 00227 96292263 Fax: 00227 20327202 Email: [email protected]
12. DIAOUGA Idrissa Directeur du Département Affaires sociales et Economies au Haut Commissariat Aménagement vallée du Niger BP: 206 Niamey - NIGER Bur.: 00227 20732313 Mob.: 00227 96596089/90022177 Fax: 00227 20732185 Email: [email protected]
25
13. DIARRA Rokia Chef de Programme IUCN au Mali BP: 1567 Bur.: 00223 20227572 Mob.: 00223 76293279/66790244 Fax: 00223 20220090 Email: [email protected]
14. FOFANA Sékou Ingénieur Aménagiste Environnementaliste/Ingénieur Principal Environnement EDG BP: 1463 Conakry Mob.:60262411/62935068/64486028 Email: [email protected]
15. GARANE Amidou Enseignant/juriste 01 BP 5273 Ouaga 01 Mob.: 00226 76676518 Email: [email protected]
16. GARREAU Jean Marc Coordinateur Régional UICN – Programme Afrique Centrale et Occidentale/Ouagadougou Bur.: 00226 50364979 Email: [email protected]
17. HUSSARD Alain Conseiller Technique ABV Autorité du Bassin de la Volta 10 BP: 13621 Ouagadougou 10 Bur.: 00226 50376067 Mob.: 00226 70643423 Email: [email protected]
18. IDRISSA Mahamane Secrétaire Permanent S/P/C NU- NIGER CNU- Niger S/C ABN – Niger ou S/C AFJN – Niamet-Niger (Association des femmes Juristes du Niger) Mob.: 00227 96291327/90116252 Email: [email protected]
19. KABORE/ZEBA Fanny Chef du Service Environnement al et Social du PDIS (Programme de développement Intégré de la vallée de Samendéni) 01 BP: 143 Bobo 01/BURKINA Bur.: 00226 20973769/20973705 Mob.: 00226 70233569 Fax: 00226 20973705 Email: [email protected] / [email protected]
20. KOMAN Yapo Serge Ingénieur en Energétique Chef de service Production- Transport Direction Générale de l’Energie 01 BP: 2541 Abidjan 01 CÔTE D’IVOIRE Bur.: 00225 20206145 Mob.: 00225 07454106 Fax: 00225 20320380 Email: [email protected]
21. KOUNDOUNO Jérôme Tamba Coordinateur GWI – BARRAGES/ UICN BP/ Ouaga Bur.: 00226 50498205 Mob.: 00226 78347789 Email: [email protected]
22. KORANTENG Richard Twum Barimah Volta Basin Development Foundation / Ghana Dams dialogue P.O.Box: MB 516 Accra/GHANA Bur.: 0302 784752-4 Mob.: 0244451023 Fax: 0302 784752 Email: [email protected]
23. KULAH Oliver B. Water Resource Engineer Liberian Hydrological Service, Ministry of Lands Mines & Energy P.O.Box 9028 Monrovia/LIBERIA Bur.:: 00231 6512225 Mob.: 00231 6512225 Email: [email protected]
24. LEVITE Hervé Conseiller Technique CCRE CEDEAO 11 BP 1437 Ouaga 11 Bur.: 00226 50330090/91 Mob.: 00226 71826186 Fax: 00226 50330092 Email: [email protected]
26
25. LOUMONVI Kossi Chargé du Dialogue National Multi Acteurs sur les Barrages et le Développement Durable au Togo 131, rue Ofè Tokoin Casablanca BP: 8823 Lomé - TOGO Bur.: 00228 22200112 Mob.: 00228 90814370 Email: [email protected]
26. LY Oumar Ingénieur Agronome – Chef de la Division Suivi- Evaluation de la société pour le Développement Agricole et Industriel du Sénégal BP BP 17 Velingara/ SENEGAL Bur.: 00221 339973101 Mob.: 00221 779705305/773847801 Fax: 00221 339973102 Email: [email protected]
27. MAÏGA Mahamane Halidou Enseignant – chercheur/Université de Bamako BP: E475 Bur.: 00223 20228891 Mob.: 00223 76472628/69201212 Email: [email protected]
28. NDIAYE Tamsir Directeur de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable de l’OMVS - Dakar BP: 3152 Dakar / SENEGAL Bur.: 00221 338598190 Mob.: 00221 774500520 Fax: 00221 338236122 Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
29. OGBEIDE Hope Director P.O Box: 10577 Bemis City/ NIGERIA Mob.: 00234 7086091715/8037424999 Email: [email protected] / [email protected]
30. OLOMODA Alabi Ibraheem Hydrologist Autorité du Bassin du Niger (ABN) BP: 729 Niamey NIGER Bur.: 00227 20315202 Mob.: 00227 96292263 Fax: 00227 20717202 Email: [email protected], [email protected]
31. OME Samuel Director (Hydrology and Hydraulics) DEPT of Dams and Reservoir Operations Federal Ministry of Water Resources PMB 159 Abuja - NIGERIA Mob.: 00234 8065292254 Email: [email protected]
32. OUEDRAOGO Innocent Directeur P.i CCRE / CEDEAO 11 BP 1437 Ouaga 11 Bur.: 00226 50330090/91 Mob.: 00226 70258722 Fax: 00226 50330092 Email: [email protected]
33. OUEDRAOGO Yacouba Directeur PAIE – Kompienga Halieute/Sociologue Bur.: 00 226 40776092 Mob.: 00226 78663230 Email: [email protected]
34. SABDANO Parimani Maire BP: 33 Kompienga Mob.: 00226 71538769 Email: [email protected]
35. SAGNO Jean Edouard Président Coordination nationale des Usagers (ères) des ressources Naturelles du basin du Niger de Guinée Kankan – Rép. GUINEE Mob.: 00224 60580618/62468311 Mob.: 00224 64739861/67580618 Email: [email protected]
36. SAVADOGO Moumini Chef du Programme UICN BURKINA 01 BP: 3133 Ouagadougou 01 Bur.: 00226 50313154 Mob.: 00226 76606056 Email: [email protected]
37. SAVADOGO Yacouba Expert Droit / Gouvernance & Politique UICN / SENEGAL Mob.: 00221 77594457 Email: [email protected]
27
38. SEDOGO Serge Alfred 09 BP 601 Ouaga 09 Bur.: 00226 50369930 Mob.: 00226 70210691 Email: [email protected]
39. SEYNI Gagara Boubacar Directeur Adjoint Direction Environnement et Gestion des Ecosystèmes (DEGE/HCAVN – NIGER) BP: 206 Niamey Bur.: 00227 20732313 Mob.: 00227 90741968 Fax: 00227 20732185 Email: [email protected]
40. SKINNER Jamie Coordonnateur Régional GWI Institut International Environnement et Développement 4 Hanover ST EDINBURGH, EH22EN ECOSSE Bur.: 0044 1312266866 Email: [email protected]
41. SYLLA Mahambé Chef Cellule Réinstallation et Développement Local du Barrage de Taoussa Autorité pour l’Aménagement de Taoussa, zone industrielle Route de de Sotuba- Rue 851 – Porte 407 Bamako/ MALI Bur.: 00223 20219529/20212994 Mob.: 00223 66730196/76234310 Fax: 00223 20212994 Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
42. TCHENDO Kola Directeur Général Adjoint de L’Eau et de l’Assainissement 01 BP: 119 TOGO Bur.: 00228 22231451/1452 Mob.: 00228 90043670 Email: [email protected]
43. TOURE Mahamane D. Chargé de Programmes Régionaux CCRE/CEDEAO 11 BP 1437 Ouaga 11 Bur.: 00226 50330090/91 Mob.: 00226 50330092 Fax: 00226 50330092 Email: [email protected]
44. TOURE Nouradine Zakaria Président de la Coordination régionale des usagers(ères) des Ressources Naturelle du Bassin du Niger (CRU/BN) BP: 4036 Bamako/MALI Bur.: 00223 20284221/20284223 Mob.: 00223 66795740/76490702 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected]
45. YABI Michel Chef Cellule suivi et Coordination du projet d’Hydraulique Pastorale et Agricole (PHPA) 02 BP 54 Parakou BENIN Bur.: 00229 23612461 Mob.: 00229 95348474/97294683 Fax: 00229 23612459 Email: [email protected]
46. YACOUBA Hamma Chef Département « Eau » de 2IE/ Professeur 01 BP: 594 Ouagadougou 01/BURKINA Bur.: 00226 50492870 Mob.: 00226 70269638 Email: [email protected]
47. ZONGO Tinga Souleymane Président CNU – BN/BF 01 BP: 1006 Ouagadougou 01 Mob.: 00226 70366532/78298632 Email: [email protected]
�
�
��
28
Appendix 4: Communiqué final
REGIONAL WORKSHOP: EXPERIENCES IN RESETTLEMENT AND BENEFIT SHARING WITH LOCAL PEOPLE AROUND DAMS IN WEST AFRICA
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 13 to 15 September 2011
Communiqué final
The regional workshop “Sharing experience of resettlement and benefit-sharing with local people around dams in West Africa” was held in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) from 13 to 15 September 2011. Convened by the Water Resources Coordination Centre and the Global Water Initiative (GWI), and organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), this workshop brought together around 45 participants from West Africa, representing different actors involved in the development of dams : civil society organisations, representatives of user organisations, decentralised authorities, technical services, basin agencies, dam managers, researchers, lawyers, regional and international organisations. The workshop took place in the context of the regional dialogue on large water infrastructure in the ECOWAS area, and of the Global Water Initiative. The objective of the workshop was to exchange West African experience in resettlement and benefit sharing with local populations from the first large dams of the 1960s up to today, examining the reasons for failure, and documenting good practice. The workshop addressed two of the six axes presented in the report of the ECOWAS independent panel of experts, and validated by regional workshops, that documented good practice concerning the development of large water infrastructures in West Africa (2009-2011). These are :
Involve the affected people as project actors, partners and project beneficiaries
Capitalize and share existing experiences within ECOWAS
29
This workshop initiative took place in the context of an extensive ongoing dam construction programme in several countries of the region to address current and future energy, water and food security needs. The workshop included the following sessions :
1. The opening ceremony 2. Presentations 3. Small working groups followed by feedback and discussion in plenary
sessions 4. A summary of key messages including practical measures to support
good practice. The workshop was facilitated by Serge Alfred Sedogo, an independent consultant. 1- The Opening Ceremony This consisted of three interventions : a welcome from M. Nouradine Touré, President of the Regional Coordination Unit of Niger River Basin Users ; a speech from M. Jean-Marc Garreau, Regional Programme Coordinator of IUCN (PACO), and the opening speech of M. Innocent Ouédraogo, Acting Director of the Water Resources Coordination Centre of ECOWAS. 2- The Presentations Presentations were made in plenary, between sessions of working groups. They helped participants understand the experiences of different countries and basins :
Resettlement of displaced people and benefit sharing in Ghana; Richard Twum Koranteng, Ghana Dams Dialogue.
Resettlement and compensation of local people, fisheries management and benefit sharing at Kompienga dam Burkina Faso; Parimani Sabdano, Mayor and Yacouba Ouédraogo, Director, Périmètre Aquacole d’Intérêt Economique.
HYPPADEC (Hydropower Producing Areas Development Commission) : Experience of dam affected people in Nigeria . Hope Ogbeide, Director, SWAPHEP.
Resettlement and benefit sharing for people displaced by Sélingué and Manantali dams: lessons and perspectives; Dr Mahamane MAÏGA, University of Bamako, Mali.
Resettlement experience at the Garafiri Dam, Guinea ; Sékou Fofana, Electricité de Guinée. Experiences of Benin in dams and irrigated agriculture, Michel Yabi, Benin. Relocation and benefit sharing with people living around dams – the Liberia experience; Oliver B.
Kulah. Benefit sharing in West Africa : results from five case studies (Sélingué, Moussodougou, Bagré,
Kompienga and Niandouba-Confluent) undertaken by Global Water Initiative. Jamie Skinner, IIED. Legal aspects of resettlement and the case of Kandadji; Hamidou Garané (University of
Ouagadougou) and Saadou Aladoua (President of the Court of Tillabéri, Niger). Benefit sharing with local people in the context of Kandadji dam, Niger; Idrissa Diaouga, Haut
Commissariat à l’Aménagement de la Vallée du Niger (HCAVN), Niger. Resettlement of people affected by dams in Togo. Lessons learned and opportunities for the
Adjarala dam. Kossi Loumonvi, Jeunes Volontaires pour l’Environnement, Togo.
30
Measures planned in the resettlement programme at Samandéni dam through the Integrated programme for the Samendeni Valley, Burkina Faso; Fanny Kaboré, Chef du département social et environnemental, Projet Samandéni.
Plenary discussion included clarifications to better understand the experiences presented and interventions from the floor allowed challenges and lessons to be identified and understood. 3- Working groups and plenary feedback This component took place in three parts spread over two days. Firstly, participants worked in four separate groups to identify the factors that influenced success or failure in resettlement and benefit sharing and identified the lessons learned. The working groups identified around fifteen lessons that were then summarized by a smaller group. During feedback, it was considered necessary to develop specific proposals and identify more concrete measures to improve resettlement. Working groups addressed this issue in their second session. Lastly, three groups worked on the practical measures needed to promote equitable benefit sharing with local people for electricity, fisheries and irrigated areas. 4- Key messages from the regional experience The workshop discussions allowed the collective experience of the participants to be reviewed, and identified a number of key points that are essential if resettlement and benefit sharing with local people is to be successful : 1. Plan resettlement areas from a good baseline study, making provision for
immigration and population growth. 2. Resettlement villages should not have special status. They should be
included in normal administrative structures, not belong to the agency that resettled them.
3. Avoid compensating beneficiaries in cash except for irreplaceable assets (eg trees).
4. Reinforce the capacity of civil society and local people for the effective management of the resettlement process, notably providing legal assistance to affected people.
5. Undertake a pilot resettlement operation for one village before relocating the remainder, whenever possible.
6. Ensure the State has the necessary resources to finance the resettlement in a timely manner.
7. Establish mechanisms to ensure land tenure security for houses and farmlands by providing legal documentation that clearly allocates rights (use rights, property rights...) to each resettled family.
31
8. Involve local people as partners in all stages of the decision making process (eg. type of housing, management of cultural heritage, choice of resettlement site) and only resettle communities after adequate negotiation when timely, accurate information has been given in a locally accessible language and format.
9. Reinforce the capacity of resettled people and host communities to allow them to live together and to benefit from new and unfamiliar resources (irrigation, fishery...) and opportunities (tourism, commerce...).
10. Organise the fishery and establish a multi-actor management body to ensure the sustainable management of the resource and the payment of taxes in favour of local development.
11. Ensure that the permanent arrangements for management of the dam and reservoir are clear (multi-actor committee) once the construction phase is complete.
12. Establish a multi-stakeholder monitoring committee to ensure the effective delivery of accompanying plans.
13. Establish an appropriate electricity supply system to resettled and host villages while ensuring that new sites are fully connected to the grid.
14. A percentage of the income from the sale of the electricity produced by the dam should benefit a local development fund for affected people.
15. A moratorium/subsidy period for electricity supply to resettled and host communities is desirable and should be decided by in-country negotiation.
16. Assess and compensate the loss of cultural heritage and traditional use. 17. Pay special attention to the particular needs of women, youth and
handicapped people in all the above processes and ensure their effective participation in decision-making processes.
Ouagadougou15 September 2011
The workshop participants
32
Appendix 5: List of Documents Provided
N° COUNTRY/DOCUMENT TITLE AUTHOR/YEAR NATIONAL CONTACT
BURKINA FASO Fanny KABORE [email protected]
01 Elaboration d’un plan de réinstallation (PR)-
Septembre 2011 Fanny KABORE
02
Mesures planifiées dans le cadre du recasement des populations affectées par la construction du barrage de Samendeni avec le Programme intégré de la Vallée de Samendeni (PDIS)
Septembre 2006 Sékou FOFANA, Chef de service Environnement EDG
NIGER Saadou ALADOUA
01
Recueil thématique des textes législatifs et réglementaire
MALI
Mahamane Halidou MAIGA [email protected]
01
Manantali « entre espoir et désillusion »
Sous la direction de Dominique BONAVITA (sans année d’édition)
02 Projet de recasement de Manantalli
GUINEA Sékou FOFANA [email protected]
01
Document de projet de développement rural intégré pour les populations déplacées de Garafiri (PRODERI)
Projet d’aménagement hydroélectricité de Garafiri 1998-2000
02 Plan Ecoles rurale type 3 classes et bureau
03
Attribution, organisation et répartition des taches direction du projet « aménagement hydroélectrique de Garafiri »
Ministère de l’Energie et de l’Environnement- 1996
04
Alimentation des écoles et postes de santé en électricité et eau potable dans les nouveaux villages des populations déplacées (Projet Garafiri)
Projet d’aménagement hydroélectricité de Garafiri –février 2003
05
Dossier d’Appel d’offre:
Projet d’aménagement hydroélectricité de
33
N° COUNTRY/DOCUMENT TITLE AUTHOR/YEAR NATIONAL CONTACT
alimentation des écoles et postes de santé en électricité et en eau potable
Garafiri Décembre 2000
06
Planification des villages à déplacer projet Garafiri
Projet d’aménagement hydroélectricité de Garafiri –avril 1997
07
Rapport de synthèse « Prévalence des maladies hydriques (paludisme, onchocercose et schistosomiase) dans la zone de Garafiri »
Projet d’aménagement hydroélectricité de Garafiri Aout 1998 à février 1999
08
Contrat de fournitures pour équipements (Projet Garafiri)
Projet d’aménagement hydroélectricité de Garafiri Janvier 2001
09
Protocole d’Accord entre le Service National d’Aménagement des points d’eau (SNAPE) et la Société ENELGUI (Projet Garafiri)
Juillet 1996
10
Recensement des populations à déplacer et inventaire de leurs biens
Projet d’aménagement hydroélectricité de Garafiri Mise à jour 1996
11
Projet Garafiri: appel d’offre pour la reconstruction des villages déplacés
Projet d’aménagement hydroélectricité de Garafiri Aout 1997
12
Etude d’Impact environnemental et social: Plan de développement local - Projet d’aménagement de FOMI (T1 et T2)
Rapport final-Mars 2010 Autorité du Bassin du Niger- Ministère de l’Energie et de l’Hydraulique
Mouctar DIABY Projet FOMI [email protected]
34
Appendix 6: Working group outputs
Causes of failure and factors for success
Anglophone Group
Successes Establish tripartite agreements at the outset (between govt, community and developer) Sign legally binding agreements to avoid ‘insatiable demands’, include regular review and ensure compliance. Establish national dialogues to reach common ground Provide electricity and grid connections to the resettlement houses (people pay for consumption only) Provide water services according to the standard and practice of each country Set up institutions/processes to address legacy issues around existing dams. Failures Resettled villages depended on VRA and were not included in District assemblies. This is not sustainable. Low sense of ownership- what is identity of village. Transition to a normal rural village is difficult. Combining culturally different groups in a single resettlement village Resettling communities without timely adequate consultation and information in a locally accessible language and format
Groupe 1 N° Succès Echecs Leçons apprises 1 Création de sources de revenus
durables Expropriation sans dédommagement adéquat
Réalisation d’une bonne étude de référence
2 Implication des bénéficiaires Faible implication des bénéficiaires
Bonne planification de la réinstallation
3 Réalisations d’infrastructures socioéconomiques (santé, écoles, pistes, etc.)
non respect des engagements
Sécuriser les sources et montants des financements
4 Implication des leaders d’opinion (cas du barrage de Niandouba au Sénégal, barrage de Kandaji au Niger)
Insuffisance de la communication sur les impacts négatifs
Prise en compte du patrimoine culturel
5 Indemnisation en nature des populations déplacées
Choix des sites d’accueil sans tenir compte de la croissance démographique et des activités de la population
Réalisation du type d’habitat de façon consensuelle avec les bénéficiaires
6 Structuration et renforcement des capacités des populations concernées
Eviter l’indemnisation des bénéficiaires en espèces
35
COMPOSITION DU GROUPE PRENOM ET NOM PAYS STRUCTURE Yacouba OUEDRAOGO Burkina Faso Directeur PAIE Mahamane MAÏGA Mali Université Bamako Seyini GAGARA Niger HCAVN Oumar LY Sénégal SODAGRI Sékou FOFANA Guinée Ingénieur Aménagiste Environnementaliste Paulino Sousa De AZINHAGA
Guinée Bissau Point focal CCRE
Idrissa DIAOUGA Niger HCAVN Michel YABI Bénin Ingénieur du développement rural Yacouba SAVADOGO Sénégal UICN Kola TCHENDO Togo Ministère de l’Eau de l’assainissement et de
l’Hydraulique Villageoise
Groupe 2 Serge Koman Maire Kompienga Saadou Aladoua Tamsir Ndiaye Jean Edouard Sagno Souleymane Zongo Rokia Konaré (rapporteur) Mahambé Sylla Jérôme Koundouno Facteurs d’échec Facteurs de succès Manque/insuffisance de concertation
avec les populations Non implication des populations dans les
prises de décision Sous-évaluation des réparations Non respect des engagements de l’Etat Exiguïté des espaces de réinstallation Pauvreté des terres par rapport aux
anciens sites Réduction des espaces/parcours
pastoraux La non mise en œuvre des plans
d’électrification des villages affectés Absence d’opportunités de revenus non
agricoles Absence de mise en œuvre des mesures
de mitigation (plan environnemental, mesures de recasement…)
Non prise en compte des statuts des terres avant les aménagements
Participation active et effective des populations/catégories d’acteurs/parties prenantes
Accompagnement pour les besoins alimentaires durant la réinstallation
Modernisation des moyens de production (agriculture, pêche, élevage) et le renforcement des capacités techniques des populations
Amélioration de l’habitat
36
Groupe 3
Facteurs de succès
1. Volonté politique favorable des Etats (conduite des études, implication des populations, compensation, obligatoire, améliorations des conditions de vie des populations, mise en place d’une législation appropriée) ;
2. Mobilisation par l’état des ressources financières nécessaires pour le financement de recasement ;
3. Attribution de titre foncier global par le gouvernement du Mali aux communautés à déplacer cas de Taoussa ;
4. Mise en place d’un comité villageoise de réinstallation dans chaque village à déplacer (représentation dans le processus de décision) cas de Taoussa et de Adjarala au Togo
5. Réactualisation des données du recensement (biens et infrastructures) avant la mise en ouvre du PGES ;
6. Facteurs d’échecs
1. Engagements non tenus par les Etats ; 2. Manque de, contractualisation entre des rapports Etat/Populations affectées ; 3. Insuffisance d’information, de communication, sensibilisation et formation des
populations dans le processus ; 4. Faiblesse de la société civile ; 5. Mauvaise expertise (mauvaise identification des personnes affectées,
méconnaissance du contexte anthropologique, mauvaise évaluation des pertes) ; 6. Absence d’une législation harmonisée régissant les compensations.
Liste des membres du groupe:
1. Nouradine Zakaria touré (CRU/ABN; 2. Savadogo moumini ;( UICN Burkina) ; 3. Idrissa mahamane ( CNU/Niger ) ; 4. Kaboré Zeba Fanny ( 5. Loumonvi Kossi ( togo) ; 6. Landing Diené ( sénégal) ; 7. Mouctar Diaby ( Guinée) 8. Garane Hamidou ( Burkina Faso)
37
In-depth analysis of Lessons Learned
Groupe 1
BONNE PLANIFICATION DE REINSTALLATION
‐ intégrer les paramètres de changement accroissement de la population et des besoins en terres immigration changement d’activités
‐ préciser le statut des terres SECURISER LES SOURCS ET MONTANTS DES FINANCEMENTS
‐ mobiliser le financement ‐ disponibilité des fonds dans le temps ‐ avoir un taux d’actualisation réaliste des coûts
PRISE EN COMPTE DU PATRIMOINE CULTUREL
‐ prendre en compte le volet archéologique (fouille d’urgence et fouille de sauvetage) ‐ prendre en compte du patrimoine matériel et immatériel
REALISATION DU TYPE D’HABITAT DE FACON CONSENSUELLE AVEC LES BENEFICIAIRES
‐ développer la concertation avec les bénéficiaires ‐ tenir compte des questions culturelles dans le processus de reconstruction
Groupe 2
1) Nécessité d’impliquer les populations dans les mécanismes de prise de décision
Phase identification/conception
‐ Informer les populations par des outils de communication adaptés ‐ Recenser leurs besoins/préoccupations ‐ Confronter les préoccupations aux politiques publiques ‐ Diffuser largement les éléments et mesures de l’EIES
Phase de réalisation/mise en œuvre
‐ Instaurer un dialogue permanent entre les populations et l’équipe de projet installée sur le terrain
‐ Former les acteurs concernés pour que chacun joue son rôle ‐ Veiller à l’exécution de toutes les activités prévues au profit des populations
grâce à la mise en place d’un comité de suivi multi acteur Phase de réalisation
‐ Associer les populations dans la détermination des modes/règles de gestion ‐ Mettre en place un comité multi acteur pour la gestion de la retenue
38
2) Mise en place des mécanismes de sécurisation foncière:
‐ Définition du statut juridique de l’espace sur lequel l’opération est réalisée ‐ Elaborer des conventions entre l’autorité responsable et les populations ‐ Attribuer de titres de propriété/détention aux populations ‐ Mettre en place des mécanismes/outils de prévention et de gestion des
conflits
Groupe3
1. Implication des populations à toutes les phases du processus ;
Implication signifie faire des populations des partenaires, acteurs et bénéficiaires ;
Information par des canaux appropriés (radios communautaires, les leaders d’opinions, des populations sur les études de faisabilité ;
Restitution des résultats des études de faisabilité aux populations ; Enquêtes publiques ; Informations sur le processus de recasement à travers des assemblées
villageoises: Mise en place des organes inclusifs villageois ;
o Recensement des populations et des biens ; o Evaluation des compensations ; o Compensation des communautés o Déménagement ;
2. Renforcement des capacités des acteurs, de la société civile et de la population à la base sur le processus du recasement ;
Information, Formations des organes de différents niveaux (villageois, communaux,
régionaux); Visites d’échanges ; Appui conseils ; Appui aux dialogues inter acteurs
3. Harmonisation des interventions des acteurs (STD, PTF) à travers un cadre approprié ;
Mise en place d’un cadre de concertation entre les partenaires ; Clarification des rôles et responsabilités des différents acteurs ; Planification concertée pour une synergie d’actions ; Suivi évaluation
Liste des membres du groupe:
39
1. Nouradine Zakaria Touré (CRU/ABN; 2. Savadogo Moumini ;( UICN Burkina) ; 3. Idrissa Mahamane ( CNU/Niger ) ; 4. Kaboré Zeba Fanny ( 5. Loumonvi Kossi ( togo) ; 6. Landing Diené ( sénégal) ; 7. Mouctar Diaby ( Guinée) 8. Garane Amidou ( Burkina Faso)
Moussa Assoumane (UICN/Niger
Anglophone group, day 2 – In-depth Analysis
Resettle communities only after timely adequate consultation and accurate information in locally accessible language and format.
Early information, not after decisions made Negotiation, not just consultation Use radio programmes Promote systematic exchanges between communities at new projects and existing
dams Adopt principles of Free Prior and Informed Consent Transparently explain positive an negative consequences Establish a project office as early as possible, as close to the site as possible. Systematically establish village resettlement committees (to manage the information) Empower civil society to enhance process
Provide documentation that allocates resettlement property to resettled families.
Be careful of false documents EIA should do proper inventory and map of land use rights and ownership Resettlement plan should define legal status of all farmland and houses after
resettlement. Provide technical and legal assistance to resettled people Everyone must have an identity card when the asset survey is done so as to establish
a transparent data bank.
40
Terms and conditions for Benefit Sharing
PERIMETRE IRRIGUES/IRRIGATED PERIMETERS ACCES A LA TERRE/LAND ACCES
1- Acteurs/actors 2- règles de gestion/management rules 3- Modalités d’acces/Acces condition
1 Acteurs/actors - Etat/state -Producteurs/farmers -Secteurs privés-public/Public- private sector -Collectivités locales/Rurale community Autorities -Structures de gestion du périmètre/ Management office of the perimeter -Facilitateurs/ Facilitator -Commerçants/traders- marketers -Recherches agronomiques/ Agronomical rasearch -Services techniques /technical services Privés privates - Etat/statePolicy / Gouvernance Public Private partenership (PPP) Actors: Gvt( Institution ( Ministère de l’agriculture) .Privte sectro .communites to be settled Gvt: . Allocatte land to fermer economic based defined principle . remandes to commercial farmers . proid . Provide technical support to resetted farmers (agronomic ….) . Assist in marketing . Improved Private sector .Allocate land (commercial purpose) .provide capital and services .Anence for marketing ( storage and processing…) Benefits . gouvernanteed pprices .Make profit . ------------------------------------------------------ Communites . provide access to land and tax/tariff benefits . Improved livelihood .Stimulate lod economy .Social economic infrastructures .capacity built Modalities for Access (to land) .Apply word com venc on Dams (WCD) Principles on benefit shariel I;e affected communities to benefit first on land allocation
41
SOUS COMITE PECHE/FISHERIES
Préalables
‐ Définition des Acteurs de la pêche: mareyeurs, pêcheurs, transporteurs, vendeurs de glace, commerçants, transformatrices, …….
‐ Appui- Organisation des acteurs de la filière (coopératives, ‐ Suivi global de la pêcherie (qualité de l’eau, les espèces pêchées, …) ‐ Pérennisation de la ressource: Respect des conventions ( convention locale,
convention sur la création des taxes) ‐ Développement de la filière: Mise en place d’infrastructures liées à l’activité de pêche,
Renforcement des capacités des acteurs de la filière ‐ Initiation des jeunes issus des PAP aux activités de pêche
Modalités
‐ Mise en place de procédures de payements de taxes par les acteurs de la filière pêche aux communautés affectées (fonds de développement local destiné aux populations affectées avec un organe de gestion où les PAP sont majoritaires)
‐ Mise en place de Mécanismes transparents et efficaces de collecte des fonds: suivi contrôle, comptes rendus périodiques de la gestion
‐ Concertation pour asseoir des modalités d’accès au poisson au profit des PAP
Groupe electricité/eau / Water/electiricity Group
Partager les bénéfices de l’électricité Le plan d’aménagement des villages des recasée/populations hôtes doit permettre l’électrification (viabilisation) Penser aussi aux énergies renouvelables pour les barrages anciens si nécessaire Utiliser les fils de garde + poste moyennes tension pour alimenter les villages d’accueil et recasés (nouvelle technologie) Utiliser une parties des taxes sur les installations hydroélectriques payées aux communes pour financer les connexions (ou prendre un prêt) Fournir l’énergie adaptée aux populations recasées et hôtes (thermique, hydro, éolienne, solaire) Pas d’électricité gratuite ni tarif préférentiel Un pourcentage des recettes issues de la vente de l’électricité doit revenir aux populations affectées (fonds de développement) Eau potable Assurer l’approvisionnement en eau potable aux populations affectées Redynamiser les comités de gestion de points d’eau afin d’assurer la durabilité Les points d’eau sont prises en charge (après construction) par les populations bénéficiaires pour l’entretien. Inscrire l’approvisionnement en eau dans le PDSEC/PCD/PDL au besoin.
42
Appendix 7: Workshop Evaluation
Scores given to evaluate the workshop
1 – do not agree 2 3 4 5 – Agree totally1. The presentations were of good quality 0 0 4 16 14
2. The presentations comprehensively covered all the topics relating to the workshop objectives
0 0 5 17 12
3. Everyone was able to express themselves freely
1 0 5 12 16
4. I learned more about the issues around dams thanks to the presentations
0 0 7 9 18
Graph showing the evaluation results
