Sharing Performance Based Fire Design Yulianto Oktober 2014 B W

8/10/2019 Sharing Performance Based Fire Design Yulianto Oktober 2014 B W

1/34

Fire Safety Engineering Research Group,

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Universitas Indonesia,

Disampaikan pada pertemuan TABG-ME,

Jakarta, 29 Oktober 2014


2/34

In general the design stages

include:1. Conceptual Design

2. Basic Engineering Design

3. Detailed Engineering Design


3/34

Survey and Investigation

topographical and geotechnical

hydrological / flood survey

pedestrian / road traffic analysis

Forecasting of Future demand

Architectural and Structure design

Energy design (Electrical andMechanical facility design)

Fire safety and disaster management

system design


4/34

Architectural design

Structure design Installation (Mechanical/Electrical system)

design


5/34

Building interior space arrangement

Building exterior space design Safety requirements

Accessibility


6/34

Structural and construction design are close

related to Passive Fire Protection system.

Material selection: fire rated concrete, fire

rated door and windows, coating materials,

fire barrier and compartmentation, smoke

barrier partitions

Structural loading: static, dynamic,

earthquake, and fire load.


7/34

Mechanical and electrical design are closerelated to Active Fire Protection system.

Standpipe systems and fire hoses

Automatics sprinkler system Fire pumps

Fire Extinguisher

Fire detection and alarm system

Communication system

Ventilation and smoke control system (smoke

extraction system, smoke-stop lobby, and fire

fighting lobby)


8/34

1. Life safety and Means of Egress

2. Passive protection

3. Active protection

4. Building Fire Safety Management

5. Fireman and Fire Engine access


9/34

Project description including building function by floor, occupant

density)

Design criteria and fire scenario

Conceptual design of Means of Egress and Fire Protection System

Fireman and Fire truck accessibility

Passive Fire Protection system including compartmentation

Water based Fire Protection system Fire Detection and Alarm system

Smoke extraction system and pressurization

Elevator and escalator control system in emergency condition

Emergency power supply and communication system.

The design document at least consist of, but not limited to

(description, calculations and drawings ):


10/34


11/34


12/34

Prescriptive-based design:

Based on prescriptive codes

Performance-based design:

May be based on performance codes

May be used with prescriptive codes

Requires rigorous engineering analysis


13/34

This is what we are used to.

International Building Code (IBC)

NFPA 13 (Sprinklers)

NFPA 72 (Fire Alarm)

NFPA 101 (Life Safety) Code making process

Consensus

Based on loss history (reactive in many cases)

Implements minimum requirements generic by

occupancy Does not demonstrate how requirements contribute to

goals

Very appropriate for standard construction projects


14/34

Consider an office building for XYZ corporation.

IBC prescribes fire resistance ratings of walls

NFPA 13 prescribes sprinkler spacing / density

IBC / NFPA 101 prescribes travel distances to

exits NFPA 72 prescribes the implementation of

notification appliances

Design meets code but loss potential is unclear

How much damage is expected in a fireevent?

Is the environment tenable until the last

occupant evacuates?


15/34

Fire safety design to meet specific goals

defined by project stakeholders

Fundamental, rigorous engineering approach to

fire safety design

May be applied to varying degrees (levels)

Code equivalency with prescriptive codes

Complete PBD for an innovative facility

May be applied based on a model

performance code Likely applied in a prescriptive environment

through

Alternative means and methods clause.


16/34


17/34

SFPEs SFPE Engineering Guide to Performance-

Based Fire Protection provides a framework

Prescriptive

Performance

Intent of the guide provides a process by which engineers can

develop fire protection measures

a means to document that specific fire safety

goals are achieved for specific hazards for a

particular project. identifies parameters that should be considered

in performance-based analysis or design.


18/34

Stakeholder One who has an interest in the

successful completion of the project

Emergency responders

Building owner

Building manager Design team

Authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ)

Fire

Building Insurance

Accreditation agencies

Construction team

Tenants


19/34

Defining Project Scope

Identifying Goals

Defining StakeholderAnd Design Objectives

Developing Performance

Criteria

Developing Design Fire

Scenarios

Developing Trial Designs

Evaluating Trial Designs

Selected Design

Meets Performance

Criteria?

Select the Final Design

Prepare Detail Design

Documentation

Modify Design

Or Objectives

Specifications, Drwgs,

and Operations and

Maintenance Manual

Developing a Fire

Protection EngineeringDesign Brief

Design Report

No

Yes

Ref. SFPE Engineering Guide on Performance-Based Design Process


20/34

What makes the environment tenable?

Be conservative!

Understanding of effects of fire and smoke upon humans:

Heat exposure Toxic by products exposure (particularly CO)

Visibility


21/34

Occupants must be able to escape to a safe

place, directly or through a protected exit,

before untenable conditions are reached during

a fire emergency.

Fire-fighters must be provided with adequate

means of access for fire fighting and rescueoperations within the building.

Bottom Line


22/34

Fire dynamics :

Type of fire : (1 MW, 2.5 MW, 5.0 MW, etc)

Growth rate

Maximum heat release rate

Heat of combustion

Heat flux

Soot yield CO yield

Effect of Wind

Develop Reliable Fire Scenarios /

Design Fires

Time

HRR

Time

HRR


23/34


24/34


25/34

Evacuation Detection

Alarm

Displacement away from the fire

Crowd management

Compartmentation Slows fire growth

Minimizes smoke spread

Response

Automatic (fire suppression) External

Internal

Structural Integrity


26/34

100

Structural

Failure

Evacuation

Completed

Untenable

Conditions


27/34

Structural

Failure

100

Evacuation

Completed

Untenable

Conditions


28/34

te


29/34

Walking Speed Flat 1.0 m/s

Stair 0.5 m/s

Run-off Coefficient Flat 1.2 person/m/s

Stair 1.0 person/m/s


30/34

Regulasi tentang Bangunan Sangat Tinggi (Very

tall building) dengan jumlah lantai 40 lantai

dan bangunan bawah tanah / bismen dengan

kedalaman 15 m. Regulasi untuk Opsi Penerapan Performance-

based Building/Fire Code.

Penerapan Performance-based Code untuk

bangunan sangat tinggi dan bangunan bawah

tanah / bismen dalam dapat diwajibkan

(mandatory) karena code prescritive yang ada

belum tersedia.


31/34


32/34

Currently, Building Fire SafetyRegulatory Framework in Indonesia

is based on the prescriptive

approach. However, for very tall and complex

buildings, it is suggested to

evaluate the safety performance ofthe design (developed by

prescriptive code), using the

RSET/ASET approach.


33/34

1. Indonesia Law, Government Regulations,

Ministerial Regulations, Local Regulation related

to fire prevention, control and management.

2.Presentation materials of coordination meeting

for National Strategy in Fire Risk Reduction,

Bali, February 2013.

3. Indonesia Nasional Standard and Referencerelated to Fire Science and Engineering.


34/34

34

Documents

Sharing Performance Based Fire Design Yulianto Oktober 2014 B W