Sharks in the Sharks in the North Pacific:North Pacific:Salmon Shark Salmon Shark

By Liam AntrimBy Liam Antrim

Olympic Coast National Olympic Coast National Marine SanctuaryMarine Sanctuary

Classification and Classification and MnemonicsMnemonics

KingdomKingdom KingKing PhylumPhylum PhillipPhillip Class Class CameCame OrderOrder OverOver FamilyFamily ForFor Genus Genus Good Good SpeciesSpecies SoupSoup

Animalia

Chordata

Chondrichthyes

Common Characteristics of Common Characteristics of SharksSharks

No air bladderNo air bladder Body plansBody plans

Sagittiform Sagittiform Fusiform Fusiform AnguilliformAnguilliform

CartilaginousCartilaginous Tough SkinTough Skin

Common Characteristics of Common Characteristics of SharksSharks

Highly developed sense of smell: Some Highly developed sense of smell: Some sharks can detect substances with a sharks can detect substances with a concentration of 1 part per million in water concentration of 1 part per million in water (very low concentration)(very low concentration)

Sensitive to elcectromagnetic charges: can Sensitive to elcectromagnetic charges: can pick up charges of one-millionth of a volt- pick up charges of one-millionth of a volt- helps detect bioelectric pulses of some helps detect bioelectric pulses of some animals.animals.

Swim at high speeds: shortfin mako- 35mph Swim at high speeds: shortfin mako- 35mph and bursts at 60mphand bursts at 60mph

Strong jaw muscles: 44,000lbs per sq. in. Strong jaw muscles: 44,000lbs per sq. in. humans- 150lbs per sq. inhumans- 150lbs per sq. in

Common Life Histories of Common Life Histories of East Pacific SharksEast Pacific Sharks

High in food chain- Apex Fish High in food chain- Apex Fish PredatorPredator

Long lived and lower abundanceLong lived and lower abundance Delayed first reproductionDelayed first reproduction Live births and small litters Live births and small litters Born predatorsBorn predators Like marine mammals- harder to Like marine mammals- harder to

studystudy

Salmon SharkSalmon Shark

http://seagrant.uaf.edu/nosb/papers/2006/soldotna-shark.html

Classification: Salmon Classification: Salmon SharkShark

KingdomKingdom KingKing PhylumPhylum PhillipPhillip Class Class CameCame OrderOrder OverOver FamilyFamily ForFor Genus Genus Good Good SpeciesSpecies SoupSoup

Animalia

Chordata

Chondrichthyes

Lamniformes

Lamnidae

Lamna

L. ditropis

Salmon Shark: Global Salmon Shark: Global DistributionDistribution

http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/region2/groundfish/html/GFsharks.stm

Salmon SharksSalmon Sharks

Size: 2.7mSize: 2.7m Weight: 220 KgWeight: 220 Kg SolitarySolitary Break water like a whale Break water like a whale FlexibleFlexible Migrate seasonallyMigrate seasonally

Salmon Shark FeedingSalmon Shark Feeding

PelagicPelagic Primarily piscivorousPrimarily piscivorous OpportunisticOpportunistic Groups when feedingGroups when feeding

Prince William SoundPrince William Sound Other BaysOther Bays

http://www.washington.edu/newsroom/news/images/shark-mouth.jpg

Salmon Shark: retia Salmon Shark: retia mirabiliamirabilia

Network of veins and arteriesNetwork of veins and arteries Countercurrent heat exchangeCountercurrent heat exchange Reduces heat lossReduces heat loss In 3 major body areas:In 3 major body areas:

BrainBrain KidneysKidneys MusclesMuscles

Salmon Sharks: Salmon Sharks: ReproductionReproduction

Maturity: Females 8-10yrsMaturity: Females 8-10yrs Gestation: 9 monthsGestation: 9 months 4 embryos 4 embryos

Oophagus Oophagus (For an explanation, see 2/3 of the way dwon: (For an explanation, see 2/3 of the way dwon:

http://www.rodnreel.com/articles/PrintArticle.asp?StoryID=658) http://www.rodnreel.com/articles/PrintArticle.asp?StoryID=658) TeethTeeth

http://homepage.mac.com/mollet/Ld/Ld_images/salmon.jpg

Work CitedWork Cited Anderson, S. A. and K. J. Goldman. 2001. Temperature Measurements of Salmon Sharks, Anderson, S. A. and K. J. Goldman. 2001. Temperature Measurements of Salmon Sharks,

Lamna ditorpis, in Alaskan Waters.Lamna ditorpis, in Alaskan Waters. Copeia Copeia 3:794-7963:794-796 Bernal, D., J Donley, R. E. Shadwick, and D. A. Syme. 2005. Mammal-like muscles power Bernal, D., J Donley, R. E. Shadwick, and D. A. Syme. 2005. Mammal-like muscles power

swimming in a cold-water shark. swimming in a cold-water shark. NatureNature 437:1349-1352 437:1349-1352 Block, B. A. and F. G. Carey. 1985. Warm brain and eye temperatures in sharks. Block, B. A. and F. G. Carey. 1985. Warm brain and eye temperatures in sharks. Journal Journal

of Comparative Physiology Bof Comparative Physiology B. 156:229-236. 156:229-236 Christiansen J., J. Hollander and S. Larson. 2005 Sixgill shark (Christiansen J., J. Hollander and S. Larson. 2005 Sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseusHexanchus griseus) )

conservation ecology project update;. conservation ecology project update;. Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. Fudge, D. S. and E. D. Stevens. 1996. The visceral retia mirabilia of tuna and sharks: an Fudge, D. S. and E. D. Stevens. 1996. The visceral retia mirabilia of tuna and sharks: an

annotated translation and discussion of the Eschricht and Muller 1835 paper and related annotated translation and discussion of the Eschricht and Muller 1835 paper and related papers. Guelph Ichthyology Reviews 4:1-92papers. Guelph Ichthyology Reviews 4:1-92

Gallucci V., G. Kruse, J. Rice, and C. Tribuzio. 2005. Semmi Annual Progress Report July.Gallucci V., G. Kruse, J. Rice, and C. Tribuzio. 2005. Semmi Annual Progress Report July. Jones T. S. and K. I. Ugland. 201. Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus Jones T. S. and K. I. Ugland. 201. Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus

acanthias, in the Oslofjord. acanthias, in the Oslofjord. Fisheries BulletinFisheries Bulletin 99:685-690 99:685-690 King J. R., G. A. McFarlane, and M. W. Sanders. 2002. Preliminary study on the use King J. R., G. A. McFarlane, and M. W. Sanders. 2002. Preliminary study on the use

of neural of neural arches in the age determination of bluntnose sixgill sharks arches in the age determination of bluntnose sixgill sharks ((Hexanchus griseusHexanchus griseus). ). Fisheries BulletinFisheries Bulletin 100:4. 861-864 100:4. 861-864

Motta, P. and C. Wilga. 1998 Conservation and variation in the feeding mechanism of Motta, P. and C. Wilga. 1998 Conservation and variation in the feeding mechanism of the Spiny the Spiny Dogfish Squalus Acanthias. Dogfish Squalus Acanthias. The Journal of Experimental BiologyThe Journal of Experimental Biology 201:1345-1358201:1345-1358

Nagasawa, K. 1998Nagasawa, K. 1998. . Predation by Salmon Sharks (Predation by Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropisLamna ditropis) on Pacific Salmon ) on Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus ssp.) in the North Pacific Ocean. (Oncorhynchus ssp.) in the North Pacific Ocean. N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. BulletinN. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Bulletin 1:419-4331:419-433

Sharks; Hexanchidae: p374Sharks; Hexanchidae: p374

Work CitedWork Cited http://http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/photoout.asp?idwww.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/photoout.asp?id=6930=6930 http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Spiydogfish/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Spiydogfish/

SpinyDogfish.htmlSpinyDogfish.html http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/Descript/BSixgill/Bsixgill.hthttp://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/Descript/BSixgill/Bsixgill.ht

mlml http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/ecology/rocky-blunt_6http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/ecology/rocky-blunt_6

gill.htmgill.htm http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/dangerous-encounthttp://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/dangerous-encount

ers/3904/Photos#tab-Photos/3ers/3904/Photos#tab-Photos/3 http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/mammals/orca_pittmhttp://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/mammals/orca_pittm

an.jpgan.jpg http://homepage.mac.com/mollet/Ld/Ld_images/salmon.jpghttp://homepage.mac.com/mollet/Ld/Ld_images/salmon.jpg http://pandasthumb.org/archives/2008/03/whale-evolution.htmlhttp://pandasthumb.org/archives/2008/03/whale-evolution.html http://www.elasmodiver.com/Sharkive%20images/Shortfin%20Mahttp://www.elasmodiver.com/Sharkive%20images/Shortfin%20Ma

ko%20Shark%20026.jpgko%20Shark%20026.jpg http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/sanc0508.htm http://www.bio.mq.edu.au/molecularecology/images_other/

Wwobby.JPG http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42490000/jpg/

_42490655_frillshark2_getty_gal.jpg