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SHEDET
Fayoum University
SHEDET
Issue No.
Annual
ISSN
Print ISSN:
Online ISSN:
WEBSITE:
Fayoum University
SHEDET
Issue No. 5 (2018
nnual Journal issued by
ISSN: 2356-8704
Print ISSN: 2356-8704
Online ISSN: 2536-
WEBSITE: http://www.fayoum.edu.eg/shedet/
SHEDET
Fayoum University
8)
ournal issued by The Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University
8704
8704
-9954
http://www.fayoum.edu.eg/shedet/
SHEDET
he Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University
http://www.fayoum.edu.eg/shedet/
SHEDET
Fayoum, 201
he Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University
http://www.fayoum.edu.eg/shedet/
SHEDET
Fayoum, 2018
he Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University
SHEDET
Faculty of Archaeology
he Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University
SHEDET
Faculty of Archaeology
SHEDET
Fayoum University
JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY
© 201
2018, Faculty of Archaeology
NON
Information in this journal has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for personal and public nonmeans, without charge or further permission from the Faculty of ArchaeologyUniversity. We ask that:
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COMMERCIAL REPRODUCTION
Reproduction of purposes of commercial redistribution is prohibited except with written permission from The Faculty of Archaeology materials i– Fayoum University, Postal code 63514. AlE-mail:
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Fayoum University
JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY
THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY
The guidelines, the publications and the news of the journal is available online at
© 201 ―4 2018 Faculty of Archaeology
, Faculty of Archaeology
NON-COMMERCIAL REPRODUCTION
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ans, without charge or further permission from the Faculty of ArchaeologyUniversity. We ask that:
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reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with or with the endorsement of the Faculty of Archaeology
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Fayoum University
JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY
THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY
guidelines, the publications and the news of the journal is available online at
WEBSITE:
Faculty of Archaeology
, Faculty of Archaeology
COMMERCIAL REPRODUCTION
Information in this journal has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for personal and public non-commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole and any
ans, without charge or further permission from the Faculty of ArchaeologyUniversity. We ask that:
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n this journal for commercial purposes, please contact the Faculty of Archaeology Fayoum University, Postal code 63514. Al
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guidelines, the publications and the news of the journal is available online at
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ans, without charge or further permission from the Faculty of Archaeology
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FOUNDED BY
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guidelines, the publications and the news of the journal is available online at
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guidelines, the publications and the news of the journal is available online at
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Fayoum University
Fayoum University. All rights reserved.
Information in this journal has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole and any
ans, without charge or further permission from the Faculty of Archaeology
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Fayoum University. To obtain permission to reproduce n this journal for commercial purposes, please contact the Faculty of Archaeology
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Faculty of Archaeology
FAYOUM UNIVERSITY
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Fayoum University. All rights reserved.
Information in this journal has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole and any
ans, without charge or further permission from the Faculty of Archaeology-Fayoum
Users exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced;Fayoum University be identified as the source; and
The reproduction is not represented as an official version of the materials reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with or with the endorsement of
multiple copies of materials in this journal, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution is prohibited except with written permission from
Fayoum University. To obtain permission to reproduce n this journal for commercial purposes, please contact the Faculty of Archaeology
Faculty of Archaeology
FAYOUM UNIVERSITY
FAYOUM UNIVERSITY
guidelines, the publications and the news of the journal is available online at
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Fayoum
Users exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; rce; and
The reproduction is not represented as an official version of the materials reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with or with the endorsement of
multiple copies of materials in this journal, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution is prohibited except with written permission from
Fayoum University. To obtain permission to reproduce n this journal for commercial purposes, please contact the Faculty of Archaeology
Faculty of Archaeology
Information in this journal has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole and any
reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with or with the endorsement of
n this journal for commercial purposes, please contact the Faculty of Archaeology
Fayoum University
SHEDET
Annual
BOARD CHAIR Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour Dean of the Faculty THE DIRECTOR OF THE JOURNAL Prof. Vice dean for the post graduate and research
II
Fayoum University
SHEDET, Issue
nnual Peer-Reviewed
BOARD CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour ean of the Faculty
THE DIRECTOR OF THE JOURNAL
Prof. Dr. Ibrahim SOBHIice dean for the post graduate and research
Fayoum University
No. 5 (2018
Reviewed Journal
BOARD CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour M. ean of the Faculty of Archaeology
THE DIRECTOR OF THE JOURNAL
Ibrahim SOBHIice dean for the post graduate and research
8)
ournal Issued By The Faculty
M. RAMADAN Archaeology – Fayoum University
THE DIRECTOR OF THE JOURNAL
Ibrahim SOBHI ice dean for the post graduate and research
The Faculty Of
RAMADAN Fayoum University
THE DIRECTOR OF THE JOURNAL
ice dean for the post graduate and research
SHEDET
Of Archaeology
Fayoum University
SHEDET (5)
Faculty of Archaeology
Archaeology, Fayoum University
2018
Faculty of Archaeology
Fayoum University
III
Fayoum University
SHEDET
Annual
Associate Prof
EDITORDr. Austin [email protected] for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council
Dr. Abdelrazek [email protected] Prof
Dr. Ahmed [email protected] ASSISTANT EDITORS Dr. Mohamed A. NASSAREgyptology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology Dr. HamadaIslamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology THE SECRETARYDr. Said Saeid ZakiIslamic
III
Fayoum University
SHEDET, Issue
Annual Peer-Reviewed J
Dr. Maher A. [email protected]
Associate Prof.
EDITORS Dr. Austin [email protected] for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council Dr. Abdelrazek [email protected] Prof. Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology Dr. Ahmed [email protected] of Egyptology
ASSISTANT EDITORSDr. Mohamed A. NASSAREgyptology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology
Hamada ThabetIslamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology
THE SECRETARYDr. Said Saeid ZakiIslamic Archaeology
Fayoum University
No. 5 (2018
Reviewed Journal Issued By
Dr. Maher A. [email protected]
of Coptology/EgyptologyFaculty of Archaeology
Dr. Austin NEVIN [email protected] Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council
Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology Dr. Ahmed MEKAWY [email protected]
Egyptology, Faculty of
ASSISTANT EDITORSDr. Mohamed A. NASSAR Egyptology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology
Thabet Islamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology
THE SECRETARY Dr. Said Saeid Zaki
Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology
8)
ournal Issued By The Faculty Of Archaeology, Fayoum University
MANAGING EDITORS
Dr. Maher A. EISSA [email protected]
f Coptology/EgyptologyFaculty of Archaeology
Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council NAGGAR
[email protected] Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology
, Faculty of Archaeology
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Egyptology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology –
Islamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology
, Faculty of Archaeology
The Faculty Of Archaeology, Fayoum University
MANAGING EDITORS
f Coptology/Egyptology Associate ProfFaculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University
Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council
Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology
Archaeology – Cairo University
– Fayoum University
Islamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University
, Faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University
The Faculty Of Archaeology, Fayoum University
MANAGING EDITORS
Dr. Ahmed [email protected]
Associate Prof. of Fayoum University
Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council
Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University
Cairo University
Fayoum University
Fayoum University
Fayoum University
SHEDET
Faculty of Archaeology
The Faculty Of Archaeology, Fayoum University
Ahmed [email protected]
of Islamic ArchaeologyFayoum University
Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council - (CNR
Fayoum University
Cairo University
Fayoum University
Fayoum University
SHEDET (5)
Faculty of Archaeology
The Faculty Of Archaeology, Fayoum University
Ahmed AMEEN [email protected]
Islamic Archaeology
(CNR-IFN), Italy
Fayoum University
IFN), Italy
IV
Fayoum University
Anne BOUD’HORS
Arianna D'OTTONE
Atef Mansour
Austin NEVIN
El
Ezzat H. QADOUS
Gamal A. MAHGOUB
Jacques VAN DER VLIET
Khaled EL
Mahmoud EL
Matija STRIC
Mohamed ABDEL
Mohamed Abdel
Mohamed M. ALKAHLAWY
Ola EL
Philippe COLLOMBERT
Rafat EL
Stefan HEIDEMANN
Stephen QUIRKE
Views are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology University.
IV
Fayoum University
Anne BOUD’HORS
Arianna D'OTTONE
Atef Mansour
Austin NEVIN
El-Sayed MAHFOUZ
Ezzat H. QADOUS
Gamal A. MAHGOUB
Jacques VAN DER VLIET
Khaled EL-ENANY
Mahmoud EL
Matija STRIC
Mohamed ABDEL
Mohamed Abdel
Mohamed M. ALKAHLAWY
Ola EL-OGAZY
Philippe COLLOMBERT
Rafat EL-NABARAWY
Stefan HEIDEMANN
Stephen QUIRKE
iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology University.
Fayoum University
Anne BOUD’HORS
Arianna D'OTTONE
Atef Mansour M. RAMADAN
Austin NEVIN
Sayed MAHFOUZ
Ezzat H. QADOUS
Gamal A. MAHGOUB
Jacques VAN DER VLIET
ENANY
Mahmoud EL-HAMRAWY
Matija STRIC
Mohamed ABDEL- HADY
Mohamed Abdel-Satar OTHMAN
Mohamed M. ALKAHLAWY
OGAZY
Philippe COLLOMBERT
NABARAWY
Stefan HEIDEMANN
Stephen QUIRKE
iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology
Advisory Board
RAMADAN
Jacques VAN DER VLIET
HAMRAWY
HADY
Satar OTHMAN
Mohamed M. ALKAHLAWY
Philippe COLLOMBERT
NABARAWY
iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology
Advisory Board
IRHT
University of Rome, Italy.
Fyoum University, Egypt.
Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
Assiout University, Egypt.
Alexandria University, Egypt.
Fyoum University, Egypt.
Leiden University, the Netherlands.
Helwan University, Egypt.
Sohag University, Egypt.
University College London
Cairo University, Egypt.
Sohag
Cairo University, Egypt.
Cairo University, Egypt.
Geneva University, Switzerland.
Cairo University, Egypt.
Hamburg University, Germany.
University College London, UK.
iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology
SHEDET
Advisory Board
IRHT – CNRS (Paris), France.
University of Rome, Italy.
Fyoum University, Egypt.
Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
Assiout University, Egypt.
Alexandria University, Egypt.
Fyoum University, Egypt.
Leiden University, the Netherlands.
Helwan University, Egypt.
Sohag University, Egypt.
University College London
Cairo University, Egypt.
Sohag University, Egypt.
Cairo University, Egypt.
Cairo University, Egypt.
Geneva University, Switzerland.
Cairo University, Egypt.
Hamburg University, Germany.
University College London, UK.
iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology
SHEDET (5)
Faculty of Archaeology
CNRS (Paris), France.
University of Rome, Italy.
Fyoum University, Egypt.
Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
Assiout University, Egypt.
Alexandria University, Egypt.
Fyoum University, Egypt.
Leiden University, the Netherlands.
Helwan University, Egypt.
Sohag University, Egypt.
University College London, UK.
Cairo University, Egypt.
University, Egypt.
Cairo University, Egypt.
Cairo University, Egypt.
Geneva University, Switzerland.
Cairo University, Egypt.
Hamburg University, Germany.
University College London, UK.
iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology
2018
Faculty of Archaeology
CNRS (Paris), France.
Alexandria University, Egypt.
Leiden University, the Netherlands.
, UK.
Geneva University, Switzerland.
Hamburg University, Germany.
University College London, UK.
iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum
Fayoum
Fayoum University
Archaeology (the Jare opening adesigned to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international standards of excellence.
fffooourthprovide challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international quality. Of course help is needfield ofpublication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of few scientifically
Islamic and Coptic language, literature, history, art, and related subjectsto publish of scholarly interpretation.
this new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express more successful issues to come. editor
Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour
V
Fayoum University
On behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University, we are proud to (the Journal of the Faculty of Aare opening a new era of scientific publicationdesigned to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international standards of excellence.
Presenting the fffooourth previous
rovide our readers with a volumechallenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international quality. Of course help is needfield of heritage andpublication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of few scientifically
The main scope of the SHEDIslamic and Coptic language, literature, history, art, and related subjectsto publish researchof scholarly interpretation.
Finally, wethis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express
e successful issues to come. editors, and advisory board for all their efforts.
Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour
Fayoum University
n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of Fayoum University, we are proud to
ournal of the Faculty of Anew era of scientific publication
designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international standards of excellence.
Presenting the fifth volumeprevious volume
our readers with a volumechallenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international quality. Of course help is need
heritage and archaeology,publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of few scientifically peer-reviewed journals dedicated to Archaeology in Egypt
The main scope of the SHEDIslamic and Coptic archaeologylanguage, literature, history, art, and related subjects
research that contributeof scholarly interpretation.
Finally, we would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication othis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express
e successful issues to come. and advisory board for all their efforts.
Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour & Prof. Fayoum, 201
EDITORIAL FOREWORD
n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of Fayoum University, we are proud to
ournal of the Faculty of Archaeology new era of scientific publication
designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international
volume of SHEDvolumes– happiness and challenge
our readers with a volume of selectchallenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international quality. Of course help is needed from scholars and researchers all over the world in the
archaeology, to be able to continue and sustain producing this publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of
reviewed journals dedicated to Archaeology in Egypt
The main scope of the SHEDET rchaeology, conservation
language, literature, history, art, and related subjectsthat contributes to the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement
would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication othis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express
e successful issues to come. We must also thank all the editorial teamand advisory board for all their efforts.
Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Sobhi2018
EDITORIAL FOREWORD
n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of Fayoum University, we are proud to
rchaeology – Fayoum Universitynew era of scientific publication of Heritage and
designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international
SHEDET gives ushappiness and challenge
of selected and refereed intellectual contributions, and challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international
from scholars and researchers all over the world in the to be able to continue and sustain producing this
publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of reviewed journals dedicated to Archaeology in Egypt
T Journal is various aspects of ancient Egyptian, , conservation, museology, and heritage (concerning
language, literature, history, art, and related subjectsto the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement
would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication othis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express
must also thank all the editorial teamand advisory board for all their efforts.
Ibrahim Sobhi
EDITORIAL FOREWORD
n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of Fayoum University, we are proud to present the
Fayoum UniversityHeritage and
designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international
gives us – in the same context happiness and challenge; happiness in being able to
and refereed intellectual contributions, and challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international
from scholars and researchers all over the world in the to be able to continue and sustain producing this
publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of reviewed journals dedicated to Archaeology in Egypt
is various aspects of ancient Egyptian, , museology, and heritage (concerning
language, literature, history, art, and related subjects), before the modern period. It aims to the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement
would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication othis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express
must also thank all the editorial team
SHEDET
Faculty of Archaeology
n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of present the fifth issue
Fayoum University). With this journal, we Heritage and Archaeology
designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international
in the same context happiness in being able to
and refereed intellectual contributions, and challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international
from scholars and researchers all over the world in the to be able to continue and sustain producing this
publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of reviewed journals dedicated to Archaeology in Egypt
is various aspects of ancient Egyptian, , museology, and heritage (concerning
, before the modern period. It aims to the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement
would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication othis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express our
must also thank all the editorial team
SHEDET (5)
Faculty of Archaeology
n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of issue of SHEDET
). With this journal, we Archaeology in Egypt,
designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international
in the same context of our happiness in being able to
and refereed intellectual contributions, and challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international
from scholars and researchers all over the world in the to be able to continue and sustain producing this
publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of the very
is various aspects of ancient Egyptian, , museology, and heritage (concerning
, before the modern period. It aims to the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement
would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication oour hopes for
must also thank all the editorial team, language
n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of SHEDET
). With this journal, we in Egypt,
designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international
our happiness in being able to
and refereed intellectual contributions, and challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international
from scholars and researchers all over the world in the to be able to continue and sustain producing this
very
is various aspects of ancient Egyptian, , museology, and heritage (concerning
, before the modern period. It aims to the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement
would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication of hopes for
, language
SHEDET (5) 2018
VI
CONTENTS
EDITORIAL FOREWORD IV
CONTENTS V
ANCIENT ARCHAEOLOGY & EGYPTOLOGY
REMARKS ON THE HEAD OF ROMAN SOLDIER IN THE GRAECO-ROMAN MUSEUM AT ALEXANDRIA
Abdel Basset ABDEL FATTAH 1-8
A PTOLEMAIC STELA OF ANKH-WENNEFER IN THE GRAND EGYPTIAN MUSEUM (GEM.12920)
Ahmed MASHHOUT 9-16
THE ANTHROPOID WOODEN COFFIN OF %n(⸗J)-JW IN CAIRO MUSEUM (CG. 61010.1-2) Ibrahim ABD EL SATTAR 17-34
AN USHABTI OF THE KING SENKAMANISKEN Islam I. AMER 35-47
AN OLD KINGDOM FUNERARY SLAB STELA OF A MAN IN ALEXANDRIA NATIONAL MUSEUM
Marzouk AMAN 48-63
A UNIQUE REPRESENTATION OF A WOMAN IN THE SCENES OF STATUE MANUFACTURE Mohamed I. ABOUELATA 64-81
REMARKS ON THE CONCEPT OF WIND IN THE TEXTS OF THE TEMPLE OF ESNA Mohammed A. ELSAYED 82-95
UNPUBLISHED STELA OF IJJ AT CAIRO MUSEUM (C.G. 10232)
Mostafa SHALABY& Mohamed NASSAR
96-108
THE MORTUARY CHAPEL OF UKHHOTEP SON OF IMA (A. NO.3) AT MEIR Nour GALAL 109─127
ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY
THE INDEPENDENCY ACTIVITIES OF AHMED PAŞA AL-KRCHĪ AND THEIR REFLECTIONS ON THE OTTOMAN COINS IN EGYPT (929 A.H./1524 A.D.)
Ahmed M. YOUSEF 128-137
PERSIAN POWDER FLASKS PRESERVED IN THE GAYER–ANDERSON MUSEUM IN CAIRO: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ATRISTIC STUDY
Hossam O. TANTAWY & Rehab I. ELSIEDY
138-161
SHEDET (5)
VII
THE MEDRESE AND IMARET OF HAYREDDIN BARBAROSSA ON THE ISLAND OF LESBOS/MIDILLI: A LITTLE-KNOWN ASPECT OF THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF SAPPHO'S ISLAND UNDER THE OTTOMANS (1462–1912)
Machiel KIEL 162-176
HILAL BEY MOSQUE IN KŪM AL-NŪR, DAQAHLIA (EGYPT): A HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY
Mohamed H. METWALLEY 177-210
PAINTINGS OF TURKISH RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES IN ISTANBUL THROUGH SOME WORKS OF THE ENGLISH ORIENTALIST PAINTER THOMAS ALLOUM MID 13th AH/ 19th AD CENTURY
El-Sayed S. ABO SHANAB & Ibrahim W. HASSANEIN
211-223
ED. HALIT EREN; PREPARED BY HALIT EREN, MUSTAFA OĞUZ, AND ZEKAI METE. BALKANLAR’DA OSMANLI VAKIFLARI, VAKFIYELER YUNANISTAN
Ahmed AMEEN 224-229
CONSERVATION
NANO TREATMENT OF DECAYED CEMENT-LIME MORTARS FROM THE EDFENA ROYAL PALACE (ROSETTA, EGYPT)
Abubakr MOUSSA 230-251
SHEDET (5) 2018
VIII
ANCIENT ARCHAEOLOGY & EGYPTOLOGY
SHED
ET Is
sue
nu. 5
(201
8)
Fayoum University
Faculty of Archaeology
SHEDET Issue nu. 5 (2018), pp. 96─108 - 96 -
UNPUBLISHED STELA OF IJJ
AT CAIRO MUSEUM (C.G. 10232)
Mostafa SHALABY 1 and Mohamed NASSAR2
1Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
E-mail: [email protected]
2 Lecturer, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Egypt
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to publish small
rectangular round topped stela belonging
to Ijj. This stela is in Cairo Museum under
number (C.G. 10232, T.N R 26.4.22.7).
The stela mentions the family genealogy
and a short offering formula. The names,
decorations, and the orthography of the
names and an offering formula dated it to
the first half of the Thirteenth Dynasty.
الملخص
حهدف هرة انىزقت انبحثيت اني وشس نىحت مسخطيهت
. ححفظ حانيا في Ijjانشكم ذاث قمت دائسيت نهمدعى
C.G. 10232, T.N)انمخحف انمصسي ححج زقم
R 26.4.22.7) ومه خالل ما حشيس انيه هرة
باالضافت اني Ijjخسهسم انعائهي السسة انانهىحت مه
فان هرة األسماءصيغت حقديم انقسبان وطسيقت كخابت
انهىحت حعىد اني انىصف األول مه األسسة انثانثت
عشس.
KEYWORDS
Stela, Thirteenth Dynasty, Ijj, Family genealogy.
الكلمات الدالة
.سسي، انخسهسم األ Ijj ، األسسة انثانثت عشسنىحت،
1. DESCRIPTION
The stela is made of limestone with no traces of colors. It has a ruffle rectangle shape
with a round top. Its measurements C. 34 cm in height, C. 21 cm in width and the
sickness between 10 cm to 12 cm. Its provenance is unknown but probably come from
Abydos. The stela is divided into three registers of incised sunk reliefs and inscriptions.
The first section contains the main texts which include nine vertical lines; the
hieroglyphic text occupies the round top of the stela in two levels. There are some
scratches and damages at the top and edges of the stela erasing some signs of the texts.
Mostafa SHALABY & Mohamed NASSAR
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Fig. 1: Facsimile of The stela of Ijj C.G. 10232 without inscriptions
The second section contains the main scene where the upper register is occupied by a
scene depicting the owner of the stela seated on a short back chair wearing a short knee-
leaned kilt. He wearing a shoulder-length wig and it‟s common in the Middle Kingdom.
His right hand is extended in front of him towards the altar and the left arm is shown on
his chest. An altar for a libation with a pottery vessel is depicted in front of the owner of
the stela. There are two seated sons behind the altar. His wife has depicted standing
wears a long linen tunic behind the seated sons. She wears a long wig and smells a lotus
flower in her right hand. The other hand is extended along her body. The wife is facing
her husband, behind her is found the third son standing and he also facing his father. He
wears a short kilt holding a lotus flower in his left hand and the right one is on his chest
with his side lock of hair, in addition to four vertical lines which represent the name of
5
4
3 1 2 6 7
8
9 10
11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
A
B
C
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his wife, and sons. The third section consists of ten vertical columns and one horizontal
line. The scene depicts the owner‟s father seated on a short back chair wearing a short
knee-length kilt. He wears a shoulder-length wig. His right hand is extended in front of
him and the left arm is shown on his chest. The draftsman started to make a relief of an
altar but he stopped because of the lack of space. There are some traces of his try but
very faint. His wife, daughter, brother and a wife of his brother are standing facing him.
His daughter is standing at the beginning of the line wearing a short tight tunic. She
smells a lotus flower in her right hand. His wife is standing after his daughter wearing a
long linen tunic. She smells a lotus flower also in her right hand. His brother is standing
in the same line facing him. He wears a short knee-length kilt. He wears a shoulder-
length wig. His right arm is held to his chest and his left arm extended along his body.
The wife of his brother is standing behind him wearing a long linen tunic holding a lotus
flower in her right hand. Her left hand is straight along her body. She wears along
shoulder wig. In general, the stela is in a quiet fair state of preservation.
2. INSCRIPTIONS
2.1 First section
2.1.1 The text on the left-oriented from right to left
(1)<Htp di>(a) nsw(b) Wsir(c) nb AbDw (d)(2)di.f prt xrw t Hnqt (e)kAw Apdw(f) n (3)kA n(g) Ijj(h)
ir.n (4) nfr<t> (i) (5) mAa- xrw (1)<An offering which> the king <has given> to/and
1 Osiris, lord of Abydos, (2)that
may he gives2 an invocation offering of cattle and fowl (3)for the ka of Ijj born of
(4)nfr<t>, (5)true of voice.
1Satzinger, H., „Beobachtungen zur Opferformel: Theorie and Praxis‟, in: LingAeg 5, (1997), 177-188;
Franke, D., „The Middle Kingdom offering formulas: A Challenge‟, in: JEA 89, (2003), 39-57;
Stefanovic, D., „The Late Middle Kingdom stela of the staff of provisioning sector (Sna) (Musées d'art et
d'histoire, Genève 6875)‟, in: SAK 39, (2010), 314. 2Sometimes, it appeared without di.f formula: see Stefanovic, D., in: SAK 39, (2010), 314.
1 2 3 4 5
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2.1.2 The text on the right hand oriented from left to right
(1) Htp di <nsw> Wsir <xnty> Imntyw(j) di (2) <. f prt xrw>t Hnqt kAw Apdw n kA n Hmt.f (3) sAt Hwt-Hr(k) ir. n Astw(l) (4) <tw>j(m) ir.n sAt Hwt-Hr (1) An offering which <the king> gives to/and Osiris, <foremost of> westerns that may
<he> gives (2) <an invocation offering> of bread, beer, cattle and fowl for the ka of his
wife (3) sAt Hwt-Hr, born of Astw, (4) <tw>j, born of sAt Hwt-Hr”.
2.2 Second section The inscription in four vertical columns oriented from left to right
(1) sA.f Irw ianx(n) (2)ir.n sAt Hwt - Hr (3) sn- wsrt snb(o) (4) ir.n sAt Hwt - Hr nbt ImAxw (1) His son Irw- ianx, (2) born of sAt HwT- Hr, (3) (his son) sn- wsrt snb (4) born of sAt Hwt- Hr, lord of veneration.
2.3 Third section The main inscription consists of ten vertical columns and one horizontal line.
2.3.1 The hieroglyphic text over the owner’s father is written in three columns
from right to left.
(1) imy(p) (2) ir. n di.i(q) (3) mAa xrw nb imAx (1) imy, (2) born of di.i, (3) true of voice, lord of veneration.
9 8 7 6
14 13 12 11
17 16 15
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2.3.2 The hieroglyphic text above his wife is written in seven columns from left to
right:
(1) Hmt.f mrt.f (2)nfr<t> irt.n (3)sAt sbk(r) (4)sn.f sn-<ws>rt(s) (5)ir.n nfr<t> (6)Hmt.f sAt xnty-Xty(t) (7)irt.n gft(u)
(1) His wife, his beloved, (2) nfr<t>, born of (3) sAt-sbk (4) His brother, sn-<ws>rt, (5)
born of nfrt” (6) His wife sAt-Xnty-Xty, (7) born of gft”. 2.3.3 A horizontal hieroglyphic text over the daughter oriented from left to right:
sAt.f nfr<t>
His daughter, nfr<t>
3. COMMENT
(a) Htp di: is missing from the formula within the lunette.
(b)<Htp di> nsw: The orthography of this formula appeared in the order sw with t+ htp
without phonetic complements. This form of writing occurred from the end of Twelfth
Dynasty and was attested in the Thirteenth Dynasty with some alternations.1
(c) Wsir: the writing system of the name of Osiris is unfamiliar where there is switching
of the order of signs between A40 and D4 to write them into the available space. The
oldest mention of Osiris is in the Pyramid Texts as the king united with Osiris in the
netherworld.2 Osiris took the role of the formerly god of the dead xnty imntt, the god of
the netherworld who appeared in the presynaptic period as a couching jackal protecting
Abydos necropolis.3
(d) nb AbDw: the normal form of this title is 4,
5, in this stela, its written
without the determinative niwt, this form widely appears in the Thirteenth Dynasty on
1See, Vernus, P., „Sur les graphies de la formule “l‟offrande que donne le roi” au Moyen Empire et à la
Deuxième Période Intermédiaire‟, in: S. Quirke (ed.), Middle Kingdom Studies, New Malden, (1991),
P.144-145; Marée, M., „A Remarkable Group of Egyptian Stelae from the Second Intermediate Period‟,
in: OMRO 73, (1993), 8-11; Selim, S., „The Stela of Hr-wDAw in the Cairo Museum (JE 41332)‟, in: SAK
28, (2000), 247. 2Sethe, K., Altägyptische Pyramiden Text, 2 Bde, Leipzig, (1908), 214 (a-c).
3Saied, M., Götterglauben und Gottheiten in der Vorgeschichte und Frühzeit Ägyptens, Doktorarbeit,
Kairo-Uni, (1997), 6-7; LGG, II, 532:568. 4Selim, S., in: SAK 28, (2000), 254.
5Abdel- Raziq, A., „A Middle Kingdom funerary stela of a woman at Al-Salam School Museum, Assiut‟,
in: JEA 99, (2013), 277.
22 21 20 19 18 24 23
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the Stele of ir-gmt.f, stele of snb, Stele of snbi.1 In the New Kingdom, sometimes it
appears with more abbreviation . 2
(e) prt xrw t Hnqt: There is a new element to be observed in the offering formula of the
early Middle Kingdom with the introduction of di.f. 3 The only structural difference
between Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom formulas is the additional insertion of a
prospective di.f “may he give”, introducing the following request for an invocation
offering.4 It is believed that Prt-Xrw was introduced during the Eleventh Dynasty.
However, the construction changed in the Twelfth Dynasty to di.f/.s/.sn.5
(f) kAw Abdw: this elements appear on this stela with two different forms , . It was
widely appeared during the Thirteenth Dynasty and continues in the Second
Intermediate Period.6
(g) n kA n:The occurrence of this phrase on stela is probably known from an earlier date
despite claims by Bennett7: although only later in the Dynasty did it make its way to the
superstructure.8 Its occurrence on Stela is even later than the end of the Old Kingdom.
9
Bennett suggests that n kA n occurred since the time of “Amenemhat II”, after the
alternations happened to the formula since the time of “Senusert I”.10
This form of
writing did not occur before the 13th
Dynasty.11
There are several examples on the
Thirteenth Dynasty stela mentioned the phrase n kA n typically.12
These examples simply
state that the monument‟s owner was the recipient of the offering. (h) Ijj: Ranke
13 Mentioned that this name appeared in the Middle Kingdom and
continued in the Second Intermediate Period. It appeared with different forms ,14
1Hein, I& Satzinger, H., Stelen des Mittleren Riches I, Einschließlich Der 1 und II. Zfiischenzeit, Mainz,
(1989), 39-43, 48-54, 56-61 2Clère, J., „La Stèle de Sânkhptah, chambellan du roi Râḥotep ‟, in: JEA 68, (1982), 66.
3The use of di.f (May he give ) appeared during the Twelfth Dynasty see: Orel, S., „Two Unpublished
Stelae from Beni Hasan‟, in: JEA 81, (1995), 218. 4Franke, D., in: JEA 89, (2003), 46; Obsomer, C., „di. f prt-xrw et la filiation ms(t).n/ir(t).n comme
critères de datation dans les textes du Moyen Empire‟, in: Cannuyer, C& Kruchten. J.M (éds), Individu,
sociéte et spiritualité dans l’Egypte Pharaonique et copte: Mélanges égyptologiques offerts au Professeur
Artiside Théodoridès, Bruxelles, (1993), 192:196. 5Azam, L., „An Unpublished Stela in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo, JE 88011‟, in: CASAE 37, (2008), 71;
Bennett, C.J., „Growth of the Htp-di-nsw formula in the Middle Kingdom‟, in: JEA 27, (1941), 77; Lapp,
G., „Eine spezielle Opferformel des Mittleren Reiches‟, in: SAK 14, (1987), 181-183. 6Tomich, A., „Changes in the Htp-dj-nsw Formula in the Late Middle Kingdom and the Second
Intermediate Period‟, in: ZÄS 138, (2011), 23. 7Bennett, C.J., in: JEA 27, (1941), 79:81.
8Barta, W., Aufbau und Bedeutung der altägyptischen Opferformel, ÄF 24, Glückstadt, (1968), 33, n.3.
9Abdalla, A., „The Cenotaph of Sekwaskhet Family from Saqqara‟, in: JEA 78, (1992), Fig 2 (b).
10Bennett, in: JEA 27, (1941), 79 (N. 6).
11Pflüger, K., „The private funerary Stelae of the Middle Kingdom and their importance for the study of
Ancient Egyptian history‟, in: JOAS 67, (1947), 133. 12
Cf. Stelae BM EA 215, EA 238, EA 252; Cairo CG 20089. Lapp, in: SAK 14, (1987), 182. 13
Ranke, PN , I, 7:17. 14
Stela Cairo JE 52453(Davies, W. V., „The tomb of a Governor of Elkab of the Second Intermediate
Period ‟, in: Miniaci, G& Grajetzki, W., The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000-1550 BC):
Contributions on archaeology, art, religion, and written sources, Vol II, London, (2016), 80 fig. 10);
Stela Habachi, Heqaib, no. 90(Habachi, L., Elephantine IV. The Sanctuary of Heqaib. AV 33. Mainz,
(1985), 105-106, pl. 184).
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,1
,2
.3 Sometimes, this name used for a woman with a title nbt pr
.4
(i) nfr(t): For this feminine name, Ranke, PN, I, 201:10.
(j) xnty Imntyw: it appears with a rare spelling. The scribe ignores Xnty.5 (k) sAt Hwt-Hr: For this name see Ranke, PN 291,14.
(l) Astw: see Ranke, PN I, 3. 18. (m) <tw>j: thy first part of the name are destroyed, but we can complete it by the
remains where this name common during the Late Middle Kingdom.6
(n) irw ianx: This name is not listed by Ranke, but maybe there are similar this name and
irw7.
(o) sn- wsrt snb see Ranke, PN I, 269.6.
(p) imy: For this name see Ranke, PN I, 26.2. It appeared in other different forms as:
, , 8, .9
(q) di.i: This name is not listed by Ranke. Probably it represents the name diw.10
(r)sAt sbk: see Ranke, PN I, 293.9 (s)sn-wsrt: see Ranke, PN I, 269.1
(t)sAt xnty-Xty: the name xnty-Xty widely appeared in the Late Middle kingdom for
men11
, while sAt xnty-Xty is a common name during the Middle Kingdom with different
forms: , , .12
1Stela Durham DUROM.1964.186 (Smith, S., The Fortress of Buhen. The Inscriptions. EES, Excavation
Memoir 48, London, (1976), 20-21, pl. VIII.1, LX.2). 2Statue base Cairo JE 87254(Davies, W. V., in: Miniaci, G& Grajetzki, W., The World of Middle
Kingdom Egypt (2000-1550 BC): Contributions on archaeology, art, religion, and written sources, Vol II,
London, (2016), 74 n. 14, fig. 11-12). 3Cairo CG 20297 (Lange, H. O& Schäfer, H., Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reiches im Museum
von Kairo. Vol. 1, Text zu No. 20001-20399. Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du
Caire, 5. Berlin, (1902), 310-311) 4Stela Cairo CG 20680 (Lange, H. O& Schäfer, H., Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reiches im
Museum von Kairo. Vol. 4, Tafeln. Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, 7,
Berlin,(1902), pl. LI); Stela Hermitage 1080 (Bolshakov, O& Quirke, S., The Middle Kingdom Stelae in
the Hermitage. Publications interuniversitaires de recherches égyptologiques informatisées, vol. 3,
Utrecht- Paris, (1999), no. 6); Stela Louvre C 314 (Ledrain, E., Les monuments égyptiens de la
Bibliothèque Nationale (Cabinet des Médailles et Antiques), Vol. 1. Bibliothèque de l‟École des Hautes
Études, Sciemces phil. et hist. 38, Paris, (1879), pl. XIII).
5This word appeared with different forms as , , , ,
see: LDD, V,783. the common form during the Thirteenth Dynasty is , ,
see: Hein, I& Satzinger, H., Stelen des Mittleren Riches I, Einschließlich Der 1 und II.
Zfiischenzeit, Mainz, (1989). 6Ranke, PN I, 379, 8.
7Ranke, PN I, 41.18; stela BM 1653= Tomich, A., From Workshop to Sanctuary: The Production of Late
Middle Kingdom Memorial Stelae, Middle Kingdom Studies 6, London, (2017), pl. 14. 8Ranke, PN I, 26. 2.
9Stela BM 220 = Franke, D& Maree, M., Egyptian Stelae in the British Museum from the 13th-17th
Dynasties: Fascicule I, Descriptions, vol.1, London, (2013), 52-54, pl. 11. 10
Ranke, PN I, 396, 6. 11
Ewais, M., A., A social history of writing through hieratic sources of the Middle Kingdom from El-
lahun, PhD Dissertation, Fayoum University, (2017), ;Rosati, G., „A Rare Formula on A Thirteenth
Dynasty Stela‟, in: Maree, M., The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth–Seventeenth Dynasties) Current Research, Future Prospects, OLA 192, Paris, (2010), 88. 12
Ranke, PN I, 292.21
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(u) gf.t: see Ranke, PN I, 350.25. 4. PALAEOGRAPHICAL REMARKS
Ser. Sign Forms Ser. Sign Forms
1
R.1.3 R.3.2
5
R.1.2 R.1.7
2
R.1.6
6
R.1.4 R.3.8 R.3.11
3
R.1.3 R.1.6
7
R.1.2 R.2.3 R.1.7 R.1.9
4
R.1.2 R.1.7
8
R.3.6
1. : The head is a dot, and the body appears as long vertical lines. The arms together
have written with one single line.
2. : this sign appeared with two unfamiliar forms, the first one, the sign appears as a
vertical line to represents the body and a short horizontal line for the base, the second
with an oblique line may be to represent the beard.
3. : the sign appears with a similar form of hieratic,1 with hands including thumbs.
4. : In general the sign appears without horns, sometimes the sign has an oval shape .
5. : the neck is very long, and there is a part of the back.
6. : the vertical line above the crossbar disappeared, and sometimes all of this part is
omitted. The lower part of the sign has a dot or an oval.
7. : this sign appears with different forms. The common form is a horizontal line
with short strokes at both ends or at only one side. Sometimes it represents by a zigzag,
the number of the waves is between four and eight. Fewer cases are a combination of
the horizontal line and zigzag.
8. : it consists of three vertical lines, with a horizontal line on the top and another
one with sort strokes at both ends in centre.
5. GENEALOGY
The stela provides information regarding the genealogy of the family up to three
different generations. The three generations are depicted on this stela, while being
indicated with words such as ir.n/ms.n, Hmt.f, sn.f, sA.f sAt.f. Thus, the following matrix
shows the relationship between the three generations.
1Möller, G., Hieratische Paläographi I, 10,108.
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sAt- sbk (Mother) + (Father) ؟؟؟ di.i(Mother) + (Father) ؟؟؟
imy + nfrt
(the owner) (the wife)
Istw(Mother) + (Father) ؟؟؟ Gft (Mother) + (Father) ؟؟؟
sAt xnty-Xty + sn wsrt snb(son) Ijj + sAt Hwt-Hr
(the owner) (the wife)
Twy (son) irw-ianx (son) sn wsrt snb(son)
6. DATING
On the basis of stylists and artistic features, moreover, the linguistic and Palaeographical
remarks mentioned above, the stela can be dated to the first half of the Thirteenth
Dynasty.
The motif of smelling the lotus does not appear on dated stela earlier than Senusert I,
when its rather frequently met with, but only in connection with women.1 Later it seems
to become somewhat rare. From the time of Amenemhat II onwards, men too are
represented as smelling the lotus.2 Women are depicted in Ancient Egyptian Scenes
holding lotus flowers, a simple of life and resurrection3. Seats depicted on the stela
appear with a high back and a scarf over it. This is a remarkable criterion of dating stela
in the Thirteenth Dynasty.4
Palaeographical style of this stela also characterized the Thirteenth Dynasty. The
previous table shows the similarity of the script between the stela under study and
another Thirteenth Dynasty stela.
1Tomich, A., „A twelfth dynasty stela workshop possibly from Saqqara‟, in: JEA 97, (2011), 117-126.
2Pflüger, K., in: JOAS 67, (1947), 130 [6].
3Fischer, H.G., „A God and a General of the Oasis on a stela of the Late Middle Kingdom‟, in: JNES 16
no.4, (1957), 224; Harer, W.B., „Lotus‟, in: D. Redford (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt,
Vol. II, AUC Press, (2001), 305. Harer, W.B., „Pharmacological and biological properties of the Egyptian
lotus‟, in: JARCE 22, (1985), 49. 4Compere with JE. 43461, 46784, CG. 20232, 454, 599; Scott, N., „Our Egyptian Furinture‟, The
Mertropolitan Museum of Art Bullitan, Vol.24, N.4, (1965), 140.
Mostafa SHALABY & Mohamed NASSAR
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Mostafa SHALABY & Mohamed NASSAR
SHEDET (5)
- 107 - Unpublished Stela of Ijj at Cairo Museum (C.G. 10232)
PLATES
Pl. 1: The stela of Ijj C.G. 10232
Copyright: the Egyptian Museum at Cairo
SHEDET (5) 2018
UNPUBLISHED STELA OF Ijj AT CAIRO MUSEUM (C.G. 10232) - 108 -
Pl.2: Facsimile of The stela of Ijj C.G. 10232