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7/24/2019 Ship Detection High Res Satellite Imagery
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SHIP DETECTION USING HIGHRESOLUTION
SATELLITE IMAGERY ANDSPACEBASED AIS
TonjeNanetteHannevik
NorwegianDefence ResearchEst.(FFI)
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Outline AIS
AISSat
1 Radarsatellites
SARandAIS
TheMalangentrial Results
Tracking examples
Conclusions
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Introduction Increased shippingandfishing along the Norwegiancoast and
inthe BarentsSea
Spaceborne SARsince 1998 increase overview
Traditionally:Coarse resolution SARimagery
Recently:
Space
based AIS
>
Higher resolution SAR
data
for
selected areasof interest
SAR:RADARSAT2,TerraSARX,CosmoSkyMed
Optical:
Worldview
1
and
GeoEye Presentation:
Ship detection inhigh resolution imagery
Combined with spacebased andlandbased AIS
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AIS Anticollision system shipboard transponders
Passenger ships,
cargo
ships over
300
gross
tons,
fishingvessels >45m
Ships position,speed,heading,load,size andship type++
Land
based AIS:
range
40
nautical miles Satellitebased AIS:increases rangetremendously to
monitorNorways vastocean areasinthe HighNorth
VHF
VHF
VHF
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Spaceborne AIS FFIlaunched AISSat1with AIStransponderJuly12th2010
Receive AIS
signals
in
space Demonstration mission:vessel detection inwatersnorth of
ArcticCircle
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Radarsatellites inorbit Increasing number of SARsensors
In
orbit: RADARSAT1andRADARSAT2
TerraSARX,TandemX
COSMO
SkyMed 1,
2,
3
and
4Military systems
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Planned radarsatellitesSentinel1AandSentinel1B
RADARSATConstellationMission
Military systems
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RADARSAT2 Launched December 2007
New
opportunities for
spaceborne monitoring of vesseltraffic andfishing activities
Betterresolution
Flexible look direction
Multiplepolarisation options
Quadpolarisation data:4imagesof sameareaindiff.pol.
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SARandAIS Complimentary
Combinationof AISandSARforsurveillance inremote
areas
AIS:identify vessels detected inSARimages
SAR:detect vessels notreporting through AIS
shipinfo.com
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Malangentrialanddatacollection Malangen:goodtestsite
Possiblewithmultipleobservationsofsameship
AISdatafromlandbasedandspacebasedAIS
September2010
Data:
4RADARSAT2StandardQuadPolimages
LandbasedAIS(aisonline.com)
SpacebasedAIS(AISSat1)
Time
# Date SAR aisonline AISSat-1
1 19/9 16:31 16:30 & 16:35 16:31 - 16:45
2 21/9 15:33 15:35 15:35 - 15:48
3 23/9 16:14 16:15 16:13 - 16:27
4 29/9 16:39 16:40 16:34 - 16:48
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September19th SAR:16:31
Aisonline.com:16:30&16:35
AISSat1:16:31 16:45
Detections September 19th
Ship SAR aisonline
AISSat-1
Class,
detected?1 Detected OK B, detected
2 Detected OK A, detected
3 Detected OK A, detected
4 Detected OK B, -
5 Detected OK A, -
6 Detected OK A, -
7 Detected OK A, -
8 Detected OK A, -
9 Land OK B, detected
10 Land OK B, -
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September29th SAR:16:39
Aisonline.com:16:40
AISSat1:16:34 16:48
Detections September 29th
Ship SAR aisonline
AISSat-1
Class, detected?
1 Detected OK B, detected 4
times at 08:37
2 Detected OK A, detected 3times between
07:00-07:02
3 Detected OK B, detected 2
times at 16:45
4 Land, detected OK B, -
Whiteandgreen:AISSat1
Black:
SAR
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Tracking ships AISSat1:new opportunity totrack ships notwithin the 40
nautical miles rangeof the landbased AIS
Example 1:Muddr080detected using SARSeptember19th and
23rd
ShipdetectedseveraltimesfromAISSat1
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Muddr080 Detected 35timesbyAISSat1between 17/912:45and
23/9
19:38 in
2010
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Quadpolarised data signatures oftracked ship high incidence angle
VH
HH
VV
HV
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Ships,landandsea SAR2DimageandSAR3Damplitudeimage
Tracked ship
Tracked ship
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Tracking of VladimirTikhonov24/1110to18/612
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Tracking of VladimirThikanov NorthEastPassage:20/811to7/911
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Discussion missed detections AISSat1passesfromsouth >saturation NorthSea/BalticSea
Signalsarrivingattheantennaatthesametime(messagecoll.) Butpartofpassshouldbeunaffected
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Received messages19/9/2010 Achieved performance
no messages received forthe first89minutes
Effective passduration reduced from15min.to67min.
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Percentageofall
messagesreceived
Minutesintopass
PercentageofallreceivedmessagesbyAISSat1asa
functionoftimeintothepassat16:3016:46
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Simulated results forsimilar passgeometry Discrepancy notalone because of:
Noships inthe areainthe beginning (lastslide9/19)
Large#of ships inNorthSeaandBaltic
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.080.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 More
Percentageofallreceivedmessages
Minutesintopass
PercentageofallreceivedmessagesbyAISSat1
insimulationasafunctionoftimeintothepass
at16:2216:38 6/8/2011
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Discussions missed detections Relationship between incr.performance anddecr.landarea
Malangenareaclose toland
Interference fromlandbased reuse of AISfrequencies 1and2that are alsousedon AISSat1
Signalcollisions prob.of det.decreases
Fjords
around Troms
elevation angle
small in
beginning of pass Nolineof sight duetohigh mountains (beg.andendof pass) further
reducing the effective passduration
HighmountainsmakesshadowsforAISSat1inMalangen area
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Discussion missed detections Vulnerableforreducedeffectivepassduration:
ClassBshipssendAISsignalsusinglowerpowerandlessfrequent
thanClassAships
Shipsatporttransmitsmessagesatalowerrate >harderto
detectfromspaceduetolowertransmitrate&limitedtimein
satellitesfieldofview
AISequipment notinstalled properly onboard ships
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Conclusions sumof challenges Detectionprobabilityinasinglepassvariesconsiderably
Eveninalowtrafficarea(closetoland!)suchasthe
northofNorway AISSat1performancevarieswiththesatelliteantenna
pointingconfiguration
AISSat
1 still
in
its
commissioning
phase
(during
trial)
Noactiveantennacontrol
Nowantennacontrolispossible betterperformanceinfuturetrials
Overtime:shipdetectionprobabilityincreasesgreatly
tracking SpacebasedAIShaslargerprobabilitytodetectshipsinthe
openoceanareasthanclosetothecoast
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Conclusions Ships reported byaisonline.comare detected inSARimages
(except ships close tolandorvery small ships
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NORAIS,AISSat2andAISSat3 NORAIS
Now on InternationalSpaceStation
AISSat2
Identical designasAISSat1
Flightmodel isfinished
Environmental testswill bedone
Increased coverage andbackup
Launch 3rdor4thquarterof 2013?
AISSat3 Betterreceiver
Next generation AISsatellite
Another payload aswell on the satellite?
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Aknowledgements AISdata courtesyofNorwegianCoastal
Administration:aisonline.comoperatedbyChristianMichelsenResearch(CMR)
ThankstotheNorwegianSpaceCentrefor
sponsoringAISSat1