SHIPPING (DISTRESS SIGNALS AND PREVENTION OF …faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/tri106231.pdf · SHIPPING (DISTRESS SIGNALS AND PREVENTION ... (Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions)

LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOMINISTRY OF LEGAL AFFAIRS www.legalaHairs.gov.tt

374[S ubaldlary]

Chap. 50:10 Shipping

SHIPPING (DISTRESS SIGNALS AND PREVENTIONOF COLLISIONS) REGULATIONS

ARRA NGEMENT OF REGULATIONS

REGULATION

1. Citation.

2. Interpretation.

3. Application.

4. Signals of distress .

5. Compliance with International Regulations.

6. Penalties .

7. Power to detain .

SCHEDULE.

UPDATED TO DECEMBER 31ST 2009

LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOMINISTRY OF LEGAL AFFAIRS www.legalaffairs.gov.tt

Shipping Chap. 50:10 375[Subsidiary]

SHIPPING (DISTRESS SIGNALS AND PREVENTION 242/1990.

OF COLLISIONS) REGULATIONS

made under sections 204 and 214

I. These Reg ulations may be cited as the Shipping Citation.

(Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations.

2. In these Regulations - Interpretation.

"the Act" means the Shipping Act ;"the International Regulations" means the International

Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea 1972 asamended by Resolution Af G'l (XII) and ResolutionA626 (15)of the International Maritime Organisation and set out in theSchedule; Schedule.

"Trin idad and Tobago ship" has the same meaning ;H~ in ~f'.('Ji()n

2 of the Act.

3. (1) These Regulatio ns apply to Trinidad and Tobagoships wherever they may be and to other vessels while they arewithin the waters of Trinidad and Tobago.

(2) In this Regulation "vessels" includes hovercraft andseaplanes whilst they are manoeuvring on the water.

4. (1) The signals of distress which shall be used byvessels to which these Regulations apply are those set out inAnnex IV to the International Regulations.

(2) No signals of distress shall be used by any vesselunless the master of the vessel so orders.

(3) The master of a vessel shall not order, any signal ofdistress to be used by his vessel unless he is satisfied-

(aj that his vessel is in serious and imminentdanger, or that another ship or an aircraft is inserious and imminent danger and cannot ofitself send that signal; and

(h ) that the vessel in danger, whether his own vesselor another vessel, or the aircraft in danger, as thecase may be, requires immediate assistance inaddition to any assistance then available to her.


Application.

Signals ofdistress.

L.RD .


376 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary]

CompliancewithInternationalRegulation s.

P e nalties .

Shipping (D istress Signals and Prcvauion of Co llisions} Reg ulations

(4) The master of a vessel which has sent any signal ofdistress by means of radio or otherwise, shall cause that signal tobe revoked, by all appropriate means as soon as he is satisfiedthat the vessel or aircraft to which the signal relates is no longerin need of assistance.

5. Vessels to which these Regulations apply shall complywith the provisions of the International Regulations, save thatnothing in these Regulations shall be taken to require a vessel orclass of vessel to comply with any of the stipulations ofparagraphs (a) to (h} of Rule 38 of the International Regulationswhere by virtue ot Rule J~ that vessel may be exempted tromsuch compliance .

6. (I) Where any of these Regulations is contravened, theowner of the vessel, the master and any person for the time beingresponsible for the conduct of the vessel are each guilty of anoffence and liable to a fine of five thousand dollars andimprisonment for six months.

(2) Where a master of a ship uses or displays or causesor permits any persun under hi s au thority lu use ur uisplay -

(a) any signal except in the circumstances and forthe purposes prescribed; and

(h ) any signal that is liable to be mistaken for anyprescribed signal, he is guilty of an offence and,in addition to any penalty imposed upon him onconviction, is liable to pay compensation for anywork undertaken, risk incurred or loss sustainedin consequence of the signal having beensupposed to be a signal of distress or urgencyand such compensation may, without prejudiceto any other remedy, be recovered in the samemann er in wh ich ~;l lv;lg~ 1~ recoverable .

(3) Where the master who contravenes subregulation (2)is an officer certificated or licensed under the Act, he shall besubject to an en quiry intu his conduct as provided in section 375of the Act.



Shipping Chap. 50:10 377Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion of Co llisions ] Regulations

(4) It shall be a defence for any person charged underthese Regulations to show that he took all reasonable precautionsto avoid the commission of the offence.

[Subsidiary]

7. In any case where a ship does not comply with the Pow" to detain.

requirements ofthese Regulations, the ship is liable to be detainedand section 387 of the Act shall have effect in relation to the ship,subject to the modification that for the words, "this Act" whereverthey appear, there shall be substituted the w ords , "the Shipping(Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations".

SCHEDULE

1. (1) In this Schedule -

"appropriate authority" means in relation to Trinidad and Tobago, theMinister, and in relation to any other State the authority responsible underthe law of that State for promoting the safety of life at sea and theavoidance of coIIisions;

"Minister" has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Act;

"the diagram" referred to in paragraph 7 of Annex I to the InternationalRegulations means the diagram specified in the Chromaticity Chart(1975) published by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE);

"the International Code of Signals" mentioned in paragraph 3 of Annex IV tothe International Regulations means the International Code of Signals(1987) published by the International Maritime Organisation, or anydocument amending or replacing that publi cation which is considered bythe Minister to be relevant;

"the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual" mentioned in paragraph 3 ofAnnex IV to the International Regulations means the mannal of that namepublished in 1986 by the International Maritime Organisation or anydocument amending or replacing that publication which is considered bythe Minister to be reievant;

"the traffic separation schemes" referred to in Rule lOla) of the InternationalRegulations means the schemes listed in the Organisation's publicationentitle d "Ships Routing" or any document amending or replacing it whi chis considered by the Minister to be relevant.

L.RD .



378 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig na ls and Prcvauion oj'Co llis ions } Regulations

(2) The "date of entry into force" of the International Regulationsfor the purposes of Rule 38 of those Regulations means -

(a) in the case of Trinidad and Tobago ships, the 15th February,1979; and

(b) in the case of a vessel registered outside of Trinidad andTobago. the date of entry into Iorce of the InternationalRegulations for the State whose flag the vessel is entitledto fly

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FORPREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972

[as amended by Resolution A464(xII) and Resolution A626( 15)}

PART A-GENERAL

lWLlC 1

Application

(a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in allwaters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.

(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of specialrul es made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads. harbours. rivers. lakesor inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoingvessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.

(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of myspecial rules made by the Govermnent of any State with respect to additionalstation or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vesselsproceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lightsor shapes for tishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet These additionalstation or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, besuch that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorisedelsewhere under these Rules.

(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organisation forthe purpose of these Rules.

(e) "Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that avessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with theprovisions of any of these Rules with respect to the mnnber, position, range orarc of vi sibility of lights or shapes , as w ell as to the disposition andcharacteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such vessel shall comply with



Shippin g Chap. 50:10 379Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion of Collisions] Regulations

such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or are ofvisibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristicsof sound signalling appliances, as lier Government sliallliave detennined tobe the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.

RULE 2

Responsibility

(a) Nothing in these Rules sliall exonerate any vessel, or the owner,master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any ne glect to comply with

these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by theordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circwnstances of the case.

(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be hadto all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances,including the limitations of thevessels involved, whichmay make a departurefrom these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger

IWLE 3

General definitions

For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwiserequires -

(aj The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft,including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used orcapable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

(b ) The term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelledby machinery,

(c) The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sailprovided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is notbeing used.

(d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vesselfishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatuswhich restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vesselfishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus whichdo not restrict manoeuvrability.

(e) The word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed tomanoeuvre on the water.

(1) The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel whichthrough some exc eptional circwnstance is unable tomanoeuvre as required by these Rules and is thereforeunable to keep out of the way of another vessel.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD,


380 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipp ing (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion oj'Co llisions} Reg ula tions

(g) The term "vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre"means a vessel which from the nature of her work isrestricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by theseRules and is therefor unable to keep out of the way of anothervessel. The term "vessels restricted in their ability tomanoeuvre" shal l include but uot be liuuted tc.

(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up anavigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;

(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater

operations;

(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferringpersons, provisions or cargo while underway;

(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery ofaircraft;

(v) a vessel engaged in mine-clearance operations;(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as

severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow intheir abilityto deviatefrom theircourse.

(fl) The term "vessel constrained by her draught" means apower-driven vessel which, because of her draught inrelation to the available depth and width of navigable water,is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the courseshe is following.

(i ) The word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, ormade fast to the shore, or aground,

(j) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean herlength overail and greatest breadth.

(k) Vessels shail be deemed to be in sight of one another onlywhen one can be observed visually from the other.

(l) The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in whichvisibility is restricted by fog, mist, failing snow, heavyrainstorms, sandstorms or any other simi lar causes .

PART B-STEERING AND SAILING RULES

Section 1. Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility

R ULE 4

Applirntinn

Rules in this Section apply in any condition of visibility.



Shipping Chap. 50:10 381Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion of Collisions] Regulations

RULE 5

Look out

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight andhearing as well as by all available means appropriate in me prevailingcircwnstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation andof me risk of collision.

RULE (,

Safe Speed

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so mat she can takeproper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distanceappropriate LO theprevailing circumstances andconditions.

In determining a safe speed me following factors shall be among those

taken intoaccount(a) By all vessels-

(i) me state of visibility;(ii) me traffic density including concentrations of fishing

vessels or any other vessels;

(iii) me manoeuvrability of me vessel with specialreference to stopping distance and turning ability inthe prevailing conditions;

(iv) at night me presence of background light such as fromshore lights or from back scatter of her own lights;

(v) me state of wind, sea and current, and me proximityof navigational hazards;

(vi) me draught in relation to me available depth of water.

(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar-

(i) me characteristics, efficiency and limitations of meradar equipment;

(ii) any constraints imposed by me radar range scale in use;

(iii) me effect on radar detection of me sea state, weatherand other sources of interference;

(iv) me possibility mat small vessels, ice and otherfloating objects may not be detected by radar at anadequate range;

(v) the number, location and movement of vesselsdetected by radar;

(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility thatmaybe possible when radar is us ed to determine the rangeof vessels or other objects in the vicinity.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


382 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubald lary] Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion of Co llis ions } Regulations

R ULE 7

Risk ofcollision

(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to theprevailing circumstances andconditions to determine if riskof collisionexists.If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.

(b ) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational,including long range scarming to obtain early warning of risk of collision andradar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information,especially scanty radar informa tion

(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerationsshall be among those taken into account:

(i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing ofan approaching vessel does not appreciably change;

(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciablebearing change is evi dent, particularly wh en approaching a.very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel atclose range.

RULE 8

Action to avoid collision

(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstance s of thecase admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to theobservance of good seamanship.

(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if thecircumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent toanother vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterationsof course andlor speed should be avoided.

(c) If there is sufficient sea room , alteration of course alone may be themost effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it ismade in good time , is substantial and does not result in another closequarters situation.

(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as toresult in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall becarefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.




(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess thesituation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping orreversing her means of propulsion.

(j) (i) A vessel which, by any of these Rules, is required not to impedethe passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by thecircumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea room forthe safe passage of the other vessel.

(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage ofanother vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vesselso as to involve risk of collision and sliall, when taking action have full regardto the action, which may be required by the Rules of this Part.

(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fullyobliged to comply with the Rules of this Part when the two vessels areapproaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.

RULE 9

Narrow channels

(a) A vessel proceeding wong the course of a narrow chnnncl or fairwayshall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on herstarboard side as is safe and practicable.

(h ) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall notimpede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrowchannel or fairway.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passa ge of any othervessel navigating within a narrow charmel or fairway

(d) A vessel sliall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossingimpedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within suchchannel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed inRule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.

(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairw ay when overtaking can take placeonly if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, thevessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding theappropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtakenshall , if in agreement. sound the appropriate signal prescribell in Rule 34(c)(ii )and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signalsprescribed in Rule 34(d)

(li) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of herobligation under Rule 13.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


384 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion oj'Collisions} Regulations

(j) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow charmel or fairwaywhere other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shallnavigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriatesignal prescribed in Rule 34(e)

(g) Any vessel shall. if the circwnstances of the case admit. avoidanchoring in a narrow channel.

RULE 10

Traffi c separation schemes

(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by theOrganisation and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under anyother Rule.

(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall -(i ) p roceed in the appropria te traff r: lan e in the 8f~np.r::l l directi on

of traffic flow for that lane;(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation lane or

separation zone;(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the

lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do soat as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow::IS practi cable

(c) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic lanes, but ifobliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right anglesto the general direction of traffic flow.

(d) Inshore traffic zones shall not normally be used by through trafficwhich can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent trafficseparation scheme. However, vessels uf less than 20 metres ill length and

sailing vessels may under all circumstances use inshore traffic zones.

(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving alane shallnot normally enter a separation zone orcross a separation lme except

(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;

(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.

(j) A vessel navigatingin areasnearthe terminations of trafficseparationschemes shall do so with panicular caution.

(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a trafficseparation scheme or in areasnear its terminations.




(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by aswide a margin as is practicable.

(i) A vessel engaged in fishin g shall not impede the passage of anyvessel following a traffic lane.

UJ A vessel of less than 20 metres In length or a saillng vessel shail notimpede lhe safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.

(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneouvre when engaged in anoperation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separationscheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary tocarry out the operation.

(I) A vessel restricted ill her ability LO manoeuvre when engaged ill auoperation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, withina traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to theextent necessary to carry out the operation.

Section II. Conduct of vessels in sight of one another

RULE 11

Application

Rules in this Section apply to vessels in sight of one another .

RULE 12

Sailing vessels

(a ) When two sailing ships an: approaching om: another, so as La involverisk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:

(i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel whichhas the wind on the port side shall keep out of the wayat the other:

(ii) when both have the wind on the same side , the vessel whichis to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel whichis to leeward;

(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel towindward and carmot determine with certainty whether theothervessel has thewind on theportor on the starboard side,she shall keep out of the way of the other.

(b) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed tobe the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case ofa square-rigged vess el , the side opposite to that on which the largest fore -andaft sail is carried.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


386 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion of Co llis ions } Regulations

RULE 13

Overtaking

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, SectionsI and II any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vesselbeing overtaken.

(b ) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up withanother vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is,m such a posinon with reterence to the vessel she IS overtaking. that at nightshe would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of hersidelights .

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another,slie shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two veeeeleshall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning ofthese Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vesseluntil she is finally past and clear.

RULE 14

Head-on situation

(aJ When two power-driven vessels aremeeting on reciprocal or nearlyreciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her courseto starboard so that each shall pass on the pert side of the other.

(b) Such a situation shall be deeme d to exi st when a vess el sees the otherahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the mast head lights of theother in a line ornearlyin a line and/or bothsidelightsandby day she observesthe corresponding aspect of the other vessel.

(e) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation existsshe shall assume that it docs exist and act accordingly.

RULE 15

Crossing situa tion.

When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk ofcollision, the vessel which has the otheron her own starboard side shall keepout of the way and shall , if the circumstances of the case admit , avo id crossing

ahead of the other vessel.




RULE 16

Action b)' give -l-vay ve ssel

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vesselshall , so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

RULE 17

Action by stand-on vessel

(a) (i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shallkeep her course and speed.

(i i ) The 1atter vessel may how ever take action to avoid collision hyher manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vesselrequired to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate actionin compliancewith these Rules.

(h ) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course andspeed finds herself so close that collision carmot be avoided by the action ofthe give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoidcollison

(c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation inaccordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision withanother power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case adinit , notalter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.

(d ) This Rule docs not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation tokeep out of the way.

RULE 18

Responsibilities between vessels

Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require-

(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of

(i) a vessel not under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre ;(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;

(iv) a sailing vessel.

(b) A soiling vessel underw ay shal l keep out of the w ay of



[Subsidiary]

L.R.o .


388 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion oj'Collisions} Regulations

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;

(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible,keep out of the way of-


(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.

(d ) (i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vesselrestricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the caseadmit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught ,exhibiting the signals in Rule 28;

(ii) A vessel constrained by her drought shall navigate with particular

caution having full regard to her special condition .

(e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of allvessels and avoid iurpediug their uav lgauou. 111 circuurstauces, how ever,where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part.

Section III. Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

R ULE 19

Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

(a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another whennavigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.

(b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailingcircumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vesselshall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre .

(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstancesand conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules ofSection I of this Part.

(d) A vessel which detects by radar alone me presence of anomer vesselshall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing andlor risk ofcollision exists . If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time , providedthat when such action consists of an alteration of course , so far as possible thefollowing shall be avoided

(i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of thebeam, other thanfor a vessel being overtaken;

(ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel a beam or abaftthe bean.



Shipping Chap. 50:10 389Shipping (Distr ess Signals and Prcvauion of Co llisions ] Regulations

(e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does notexist , every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signalof another vessel, or which carmot avoid a close-quarters situation with anothervessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at whichshe can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and inany event navi gate with extreme caution until danger of collision is ov er.

PART C-LIGHTS AND SHAPES

RULE 20

Application

(a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers.

(b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset tosunnse, and during such times no other Iights shall be exhibited, except suchlights as carmot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do notimpair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping ofa prop er look-out.

(c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also beexhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited inall other circum stances when it is deemed nece ssary.

(d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day

(e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply wi th theprovisions of Annex I to these Regulations.

RULE 21

Definitions

(a) "Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and aftcentre line of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizonof 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel,

(h) "Sidelights" means a green light on the starboard side and a red lighton the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from the right ahead to 22.5degrees abaftthe beam on its respectiveside. In a vessel of less than 20 metresin length the sideli ghts may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore andaft centre line of the vessel.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


390 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig na ls and Prcvauion of Co llis ions } Regulations

(c) "Stemlight" means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at thestem showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and sofixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel.

(d) "Towing light" means a yellow light having the sarne characteristicsas the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (cJ of 1his Rule.

(e) "All -round light" means a light showing an unbroken light over anarc of the horizon of 360 degrees.

(f) "Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at afrequency of 120 flashes or more perminute.

RULE 22

Visibility of light

The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specified insection 8 of Annex I to these Regulations so as to be visible at the followingrmrumum ranges:

(aj In vessels of 50 metres or more in length -;a masthead light, 6 miles;

a sidelight, 3 miles;

a stemlight, 3 miles;a towing light, 3 miles;

a white, red, green or yellow all-round light , 3 miles.

(b) In vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50metresin length-

a masthead light,S miles; except that where the lengthof the vessel is less than 20 metres, 3 miles;

a sidelight, 2 miles;a stemJight, 2 miles:

a towing light , 2 miles;

a white , red, green or yellow all-round light , 2 miles.(c ) In vess els of less than 12 metres in lcngth

a masthead light , 2 miles;

a sidelight, 1 miie;a stemlight, :2 miles;

a towing light, 2 miies;

a white , red, green or yellow all-round light , 2 miles.

(d) In inconspicuous. partlysubmerged vessels or objects towed

a white all-round light, 3 miles.




RULE 23

[l ower-d ri ven vessels un derway

(a ) A power-driv en vessel und erway shall exhibit

(i) a mastbead light forward;

(11) a second masthead Iight abalt 01 and highe r than the lorwardone; except tbat a vessel of less than 50 metres in lengtb shallnot be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so;

(iii) sidelights;(iv) a sternlight.

(h) An air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement modeshall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (aJ of this Rille, exhibitan all-round flashing yellow light.

(c) (i) A power-driven vesse l of less than 12 metres in length may in lieu01 tbe lights prescnbedm paragraph (a) 01 tlus Rule exhibit an all-round wlutelight and sidelights;

(ii) A power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length whosemaximum speed does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribedin paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and shall, ifpracticable, also exhibit sidelights;

(iii) The masthead light or all-round white light on a power-driven

vesse l of less than 12 metres in length may be displaced from the fore and aftcentreline of the vessel if centreline fitting is not practicable, provided that thesidelights are combined in one lantern which shall be carried on the fore andaft centreline of the vessel or located as nearly as practicable in the same foreand aft line as the masthead light or the all-round white light.

RULE 24

Towing and pushing

(a) A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit-

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (a)( ii), twomasthead lights in a vertical line. When the length of the tow,measunng trom the stem of the towing vessel to the atterend of the tow exceeds 200 metres , three such lights in avertical line;

(ii) sidelights;

(iii) a sternlight;


[Subsidiary]

L.R.o.


392 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion of Co llisions } Regulations

(iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the stemlight;

(v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres. a diamondshape where it can best be seen.

tb} When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigicllyconnected in a composite unit they shall he regarded ('IS a power-driven vesseland exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23.

(c) A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside,except in the case of a composite unit, shall exhibit-

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i ) or (a)(ii) , twomasthead lights in a vertical line;

(ii) sidelights ;(iii) a stemlight

(d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of this Ruleapply shall also comply with Rule 23laXiil.

(e) A vessel or object being towed, other than those mentioned inparagraph (g) of this Rule, shall exhibit

(i) sidelights;

(ii) a stemlight;

(iii) when the length of the tow excee ds 200 metres, a diamondshape where it can best be seen.

(}) Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or pushedin a group shall be lighted as one vessel -

(i) a vessel being pushed ahead. not being part of a compositeunit, shall exhibit at the forward end, sidelights;

(ii) a vessel being towed alon gside shall exhibit a stemlight andat the forward end, sidelights .

(g) An inconspicuous , partl y submerged vessel or obje ct, or combinationof such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit-

(i) if it is less than 25 metres in breadth , one all-round whitelight at or near the forward end and one at or near the atterend except that dracones need not exhibit a light at or nearthe forward end;

(ii) if it is 25 metres or more in breadth. two additi onal all-roun dwhite lights at or near the extremities of its breadth;

(iii) if it exceeds 100 metres in length, additional all-round whitelights between the lights prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and(ii) so that the distance between the lights shall not excee d100 metres;




(iv) a diamond shape at or near the aftennost extremity of the lastvessel or object being towed and if the length of the towexceeds 200 metres an additional diamond shape where itcan best be seen and located as far forward as is practicable.

(h) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel orobject being towed to exhibit tile lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (e)or (g) of this Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel orobject towed or at least to indicate the presence of such vessel or object

(i) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel notnormally engaged in towing operations to display the lights prescribed inparagraph (a) or (c) of this Rule, such vessel shall not be required to exhibitthose lights when engaged in towing another vessel in distress or otherwise inneed of assistance. All possible measures shall be taken to indicate tile natureof the relationship between the towing vessel and the vessel being towed asauthorised by Rule 36, in particular by illuminating the towline.

RULE 25

Sail ing vessels underway and vessels under oars

(a) A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit(i) sidelights;

(ii) a sternlight.

(b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 metres in length the lightsprescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lanterncarried at or 111;;<1f the lUp of the iuast where it can best be seen.

(c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed inparagraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where theycan best be seen, two all-round lights III a vertical Iine , the upper being red andthe lower green, but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with thecombined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule.

(d) (i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, if practicable,exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she doesnot, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing awhit e light which shall be exhibited in suffi cient time to prev ent collisio n.

(ii) A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rulefor sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electrictorch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited insufficient time to prevent collision.


[Subsidiary]

L.R.o .


394 Chap. 50:10 Shippin g[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion oj'Co llis ions } Regulations

(e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled bymachinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape ,apex downwards.

RUL E 26

Fishing vessels

(a) A vessel engaged in fishing , whether underway or at anchor, shallexhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.

(b ) A vessel when engaged in trawling , by which is meant the draggingthrough the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishingappliance , shall exhibit -

(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being greenandthe lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones withtheir apexes together in a vertical line one above the other; avessel of less than 20 metres in length may instead of thisshape exhibit a basket;

(ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round greenlight ; a vessel of 1ess than 50 metres in length shall not beobliged to exhibit such a light but may do so;

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lightsprescribed in this paragraph. sidelights and a sternlight

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit -

(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line , the upper being red andthe lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones withapexes together in a vertical line one above the other; avessel of less than 20 metres in length may instead of thisshape exhibit a basket;

(ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metreshorizontally from the vessel, an all-round white light or acone apex upwards in the direction of the gear;

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lightsprescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight

(tf) A v essel p.n8~ 8p.rl in fishing in r.ln<.::p. provi mity tn other vessels

engaged in fishing may exhibit the additional signals described in Annex II tothese Regulations.

(e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights orshapesprescribedin this Rule, but only those prescribedfor a vessel of her length.




RULE 27

Vessels not under comma nd or restri cted in their ability to ml1flOelHTe

(a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit-

(i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can bestbe seen;

(ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they canbest be seen;

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lightsprescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a stemlight

(b) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vesselengaged in mine-clearance operations, shall exhibit-

(i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best beseen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red andthe middle light shall be white;

(ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen.The highest and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and themiddle one a diamond;

(iii) when making way through the water, a masthead light orlights, sidelights and a stemlight, in addition to the lightsprescnbed 1ll subparagraph (I);

(iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribedin subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the light, lights or shapeprescribed in Rule 30.

(c) A power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severelyrestricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from theircourse shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 24(a) , exhibitthe lights or shapes prescnbed m subparagraphs (b)(I) and (11) of this Rule.

(d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, whenrestricted in her ability to manoeuvre. shall exhibit the lights and shapesprescribed in SUbparagraphs (b)(i), (ii) and (iii) of this Rule and shall inaddition, when an obstruction exists, exhibit -

(i) two all-round red hghts or two balls in a vertical line toindicate the side on which the obstruction exists;

(ii) two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical lineto indicate the side on which another vessel may pass;

(iii) when at anchor, the l iglns or shapes prescribed ill thisparagraph instead of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


396 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion of Collisions} Regulations

(e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes itimpracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d ) ofthis Rule, tlie following sliall be exliibited

(i) tliree all-round lights in a vertical line where tliey can best beseen. The highest and lowest of tliese lights sliall be red andthe middle Iiglu shall be whi te;

(ii) a rigid replica of tlie International Code flag "A" not lesstlian one metre in height. Measures sliall be taken to ensureits all-round visihility

(}) A vessel engaged in mine-clearance operations sliall in addition to tlielights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23 or to tlie lights or shapeprescribed for a vessel at anchor in Rille 3 0 as appropriate, exhibit three allround green lights or tliree balls. One of these lights or shapes sliall beexliibited near the foremast head and one at each end of the fore yard. Theselights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for anotlier vessel to approachwithin 1000 metres of the mine-clearance vessel.

(g) Vessels of less tlian 12 metres in lengtli, except those engaged indiving operations, shall not be required to exhibit tlie lights and shapesprescribed in this Rule.

(h) The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels indistress and requiring assistance. Such signals are containe d in Anne x IV tothese Regulations.

RULE 28

Vessels constra ined by their dra ught

A vessel constrained by her draught may, in addition to tlie lights prescribedfor power-driven vessels in Rule 2'1 , exhihit where they can best he seen threeall-round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder.

RULE 29

PUm vessels

(a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty sliall exliibit-

(i) at or near tlie masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical line,the upper being white and the lower red;

(ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and a stemlight;

(iii) when at anchor, in addition to tlie lights prescribed III

subparagraph (i), the light, lights or shape prescribed inRule 30 for vessels at anchor.




(b) A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit thelights or shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length .

RULE 30

Anchored vessels and vessels aground

(a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen

(i) in the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball;(ii) at or near the stem and at a lower level them the light

prescribed in subparagraph (i), an all-round white light.

(b) A vessel of less than 50 metres in length may exhibit an all-roundwhite light where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed inparagraph (a) of this Rule.

(c) A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres and more inlength shall, also use the available working or equivalent lights to illuminateher decks.

(d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a)or (b) of this Rule and in addition , where they can best be seen-

(i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line;

(ii) three balls in a vertical line.

(e) A vessel of less than 7 metres in length, when at anchor, not in or neara narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normallynavigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shape prescribed inparagraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule.

(}) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length, when aground, shall not berequired to exhihit the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraph (d)(i)and (ii) of this Rule.

RULE 31

Seap lanes

Where it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit lights and shapes of thecharacteristics or in the positions prescribed in the Rules of this Part she shallexhibit lights and shapes as closely similar in characteristics and position asis possible.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


398 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[Subaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion of Collisions} Regulations

I'ART D-SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALSH.ULE .32

Definitions

(a) The word "whistle" means any sound signalling appliance capable ofproducing UIt: prescribed blasts antiwhich complies wi th LIlt: specifications illAnnex III to these Regulations .

(b) The term "short blast" means a blast of about one second's duration.

(c) The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds'duration.

RULE 33

Equipment[or sound signals

(a) A vessel of 12 metres or more in length shall be provided with awhistle and a hell and a vessel of 1nn metres or more in length shall inaddition, be provided with a gong, the tone and sound of which cannot beconfused with that of the bell. The whistle , bell and gong shall comply withthe specifications in Annex III to these Regulations. The bell or gong or bothm:::lY he replaced hy other equipment havin g the same respective soundcharacteristics, provided that manual sounding of the prescribed signals shallalways be possible.

(b) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to carrythe sound signalling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but ifshe does not , she shall be provided with some other means of making anefficient sound signal.

R ULE 34

Manoeuvring and warning signals

(a ) When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vesselunderway, when manoeuvring as authorised or required bythese Rules , shallindicate that manoeuvre by the following signals on her whistle:

one short blast to mean "1 am altering my course to starboard";two short blasts to mean "I am altering my course to port";three short blasts to mean "1 am operating astern propulsion".

(b) Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed III

paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals , repeated as appropriate , whilst themanoeuvre is being carried out -

(i) these lights signals shall have the following significance:

oneflashto mean "I am altering my course to starboard";two flashes to mean "I am altering my course to port" ;three flashes to mean "I amoperating astern propulsion";




(ii) the duration of each flash shall be about one second, the intervalbetween flashes shall be about one second, and the intervalbetween successive signals shall be not less than ten seconds;

(iii) the light used for this signal shall, if fitted , be an all-roundwhite light, visible at a minimwn range of 5 miles , and shallcompl y with the provisions of Annex Tto these Regulations

(c) When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway-(i) a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance

with Rille 9(c)(i ) indicate her intention by the followingsignals on her whistle;

two prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean"1 intend to overtake you on your starboard side";

two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts tomean "1 intend to overtake you on your port side";

(ii) the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordancewi th Rule 9(e)(i) shall indicate her agreement by thefollowing signal on her whistle;

one prolonged, one short , one prolonged and one shortblast, in that order.

(d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other andfrom any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of theother, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other toavoid collis ion, the vessel ill do ubt ~1la1 1 iuuucdiatcly indicate such do ubt bygiving at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistl e. Such signal may besupplemented by a light signal of at least five short and rapid flashes .

(e) A vessel nearing a bend or au area of a channel or fairway whereother vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound oneprolonged blast. Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast by anyapproaching vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind themterverung obstruction.

(}) If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than100 metres, one whistle only shall be used for giving manoeuvring andwarnmg signals.

RULli 35

Sound signals in restricted visibility

In or near an area of restricted visibili ty, whether by day or night, the signalsprescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows;

(a ) A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound atintervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.


[Subsidiary]

L.R.o.


400 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[Subaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion oj'Collisions} Regulations

(b) A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no waythrough the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes twoprolonged blasts in succession withaninterval of about 2 secondsbetweenthem.

(c) A vessel not under command, a vesse l restricted in her ability tomanoeuvre, a vessel constrained by her draught , a soiling vessel, a vesselengaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vesse lshall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule,sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession,namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts .

(d) A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restrictedin her ability to manoeuvre when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead

of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signalprescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule.

(e) A vessel LOwed or if more than one vessel is LOwed The last vessel ofthe tow, if marmed, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound fourblasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts.When practicable. this signal shall be made immediately after the signal madeby the towing vessel.

(}) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidlyconnected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vesseland shall give the signals prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule.

(g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ringthe bell rapidly for about 5 seconds . In a vessel of 100 metres or more in lengththe bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after theringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for abeut 5 seconds in theafter part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in

sucession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to give warningof her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel.

(h) A vessel aground shall give the bell SIgnal and 11 required the gongsignal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give threeseparate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapidringin g nf th e bel l A vessel aground m::lY in addition sound an appropria te

whistle signal.

(i) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to givethe above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some otherefficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.



Shipping Chap. 50:10 401Shipping (Distress Sig na ls and Prcvauion of Collisions] Regulations

(j) A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to thesignals prescribed in paragraph (a) , (b ) or (g ) of this Rule sound an identitysignal consisting of four short blasts.

RULE 36

Signals 10 attract attention

If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may makelight or sound signals that carmot be mistaken for any signal authorisedelsewhere in these Rules, or may direct the beam of her searchlight in thedirection of the danger, in such a way as not to embarrass any vessel. Any lightto attract the attention of another vessel shall be such that it carmot be mistakenfor ony aid to navigation. For the purpOG6 of this Rille the use of high intensityintermittent or revolving lights, such as strobe lights, shall be avoided.

RULE 37

Distress signals

When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibitthe signals describ ed in Annex TV to these Regulations

PART E-EXEMPTIONS

RULE 38

Exemptions

Any vessel (or class of vessels) provided that she complies with therequirements of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,19f1O, the keel of which is laid or which is at a corresponding stage of

construction before the entry into force of these Regulations may be exemptedfrom compliance therewith as follows:

(a) The installation of lights with rungeG prescribed in Rule 22 , unti l four

years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations .

(b) The installation of lights with colour specifications as prescribed insection 7 of Annex I to these Regulations, until four years after the date of

entry into force of these Regulations .

(c) The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from Imperial to

metric units and rounding off measurement figures, permanent exemption.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


402 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[Subaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion oj'Collisions} Regulations

(d) (i) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less then 150metres in length, resulting from the prescriptions of section 3(a) of Annex I tothese Regulations, permanent exemption.

(ii) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 metresormorein length, resulting fromtheprescriptions of section3(a)of Annex I to these Regulations, until nine years after the date ofentry into force of these Regulations.

(e) The repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the prescriptions

of section 2(b) of Annex I to these Regulations, unti! nine years after the dateof entry into force of these Regulations.

(j) The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions ofsections 2(g) and 3(b) of Annex I to these Regulations, until nine years afterthe date of entry into force of these Regulations,

(g) The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annex 111to these Regulations, until nine years after the date of entry into force of theseRegulations.

(h) The repositioning of all-round lights resulting from the prescriptionof section 9(b) of Annex I to these Regulations, permanent exemption.

ANNEX J

Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes

1. Definition

The term "height above the hull" means height above the uppermostcontinuous deck. Tills height shall be measured tram the posinon verticallybeneath the location of the light

2. Vertical positioning and spacing ofligius

(a) On a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length themasthead lights shall be placed as follows:

(i) the forward masthead light , or if only one masthead light iscarried, then that light, at a height above the hull of not less than6 metres, and, if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 6 metres, thenat a height above the hull not less thao such breadth, so howeverthat tbe llght need not be placed at a greater height above the hullthan 12 metres;




(ii) when two masthead lights are carried the after one shall be atleast 4-5 metres verti cally higher than the forward one.

(h) The vertical separation of masthead lights of power-driv en vesselsshall be such that in all normal conditions of trim the after light will be seenover and separate from the forward li ght at a distance of 1,000 metres from the

stem when viewed from sea-leve l.

(e) The masthead light of a power-driven vesse l of 12 metres but lessthan 20 metres in length shall be placed at a height above the gunwale of notless than 2.5 metres.

(d) .A power driv en vessel of lese than 12 metres in length may corry the

uppermost light at a height of less than 2.5 metres above the gunwale. Whenhowever a masthead light is carried in addition to sidelights and a stemlight orthe all-round light prescribed in Rule 23(c)(i) is carried in addition tosidelights . then such masthead light or all-round light shall be carried at least1 metre higher than the sidelights.

(e:) One of the tw o or three masthead lights prescribed for a power-driven

vessel when engagedin towing orpushing another vessel shallbe placedin thesame position as either the forward masthead light or the after masthead light ;provided that, if carried on the afterrnast, the lowest after masthead light shallbe at least 4.5 metres vertically higher than the forward mas thead light.

(f ) (i) The masthead light or lights prescribed in rule 23(a) shall be soplac ed as to be above and clear of all other lights and obstructions except as

described in subparagraph (ii).

(ii) When it is impracticable to carry the all-round lights prescribedby rule 27(h)(i) or rule 28 below the mas thead lights . they may be carriedabove the after maslhead light(s) or vertically in between the forward

masthead light(s) and the after masthead light(s), provi ded that in the lattercase the requirement of secuon 3(c) of this Annex shall be complied with,

(g) The sidelights of a power-driven vessel shall be placed at a heightabove the hull not greater than three -quarters of that of the forward mastheadlight. They shall not be so low as to be interfered with by deck lights.

(h) The sidelights, if in a combined lantern and carried on a pow er-drivenvessel of less than 20 metres in length, shall be placed not less than one metrebelow the masthead light.


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


404 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion of Co llis ions } Regulations

(i) When the Rules prescribe two or three lights to be carried in a verticalline, they shall be spaced as follows:

(i) on a vessel of 20 metres in leng1hor more such lights shallbe spaced not less than 2 metres apart, and the lowest of 1heselights shall, except where a towing light is required, beplaced at a height of not less than 4 metres above the hull:

(ii) on a vessei of iess than 20 metres in iength such lights shalibe spaced not less 1han 1 metre apart and the lowest of 1heselights shall, except where a towing light is required be placedat a height of not less than 2 metres above the gunwale:

(iii) when three lights are carried 1hey shali be equaliy spaced.

OJ Ihe lower of the two all -round lights prescribed for a vessel whenengaged in fishing shall be at a height above the sidelights not less than twice1he distance between 1hetwo vertical lights.

(k) The forward anchor light prescribed in rule 30(a)(i), when two arecarried, shall not be less 1han 4.5 metres above the after one. On a vessel of 50metres or more in ieng1h1his forward anchor light shali be piaced at a heightof not less than 6 metre s above the hull.

3. Horizontal positioning and spacing of lights

(a ) "When tw o masth ead li ghts are prescribe d for a powe r-drivenvessel, the horizontal distance between them shall not be less than one-halfof the iength of 1he vessei but need not be more than 100 metres. Theforward light shall be placed not more than one-quarter of the leng1h of thevessel from the stern.

(b ) On a power-driven vessei of 20 metres or more in ieng1h thesidelights shall not be placed in front of the forward masthead lights. Theyshali be placed at or near 1he side of 1he vessel.

(c) When the lights prescribed in rule 27(b)(i) or rule 28 are piacedvertically between the forw ard m asthead li ghtfs) and the afte r mastheadlight(s) these ali-round lights shali be piaced at a horizontal distance of notless than 2 metres from the fore and aft centreline of 1he vessels in theathwartship direction.

4. Details of location of direc tion-indi cating lights for fishing vessels ,dredgers and vessels engaged in underwater operations.

(a) The light indic ating the direction of the outlying gear from a vesselengaged in fishing as prescribed in rule 26(e)(ii) shali be piaced at a horizontal




distance of not less than 2 metres and not more than 6 metres away from thetwo all-round red and white lights. This light shall be placed not higher thanthe all-round white light prescribed in rule 26(c)(i) and not lower than thesidelights.

(h) The li ghts and shapes on ::l vessel en ga ged in dredgin g or underwater

operations to indicate the obstructed side andlor the side on which it is safe topass. as prescribed in rule 27(d)(i) and (ii) , shall be placed at the maximumpractical horizontal distance . but in no case less than 2 metres . from the liglitsor shapes prescrtbed in rule 27(b)(i) and (ii). Inno case shall the upper of theselights or shapes be at a greater height than the lower of the three lights orshapes prescribed in rule 27(b)(i) and (ii).

5. Screens for sidelights

The sidelights of vessels of 20 metres or more in length shall be fitted withinboard screens painted matt black, and meeting the requirements of section 9at tins Annex. On vessels at less than 20 metres III length the srdehghts. It

necessary to meet the requirements of section 9 of this Annex , shall be fittedwith inboard matt black screens. With a combined lantern, using a singlevertical filament and a very narrow division between the green and redsections , external screens need not be fitted.

6. Shapes

(a) Shapes shall be black and of the following sizes:

(i) a ball shall have a diameter of not less than 0.6 metre :

(ii) a cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 metreand a height equal La i ts diameter ;

(iii) a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metre and aheight of twice its diameter;

(iv) a diamond shape shall consist of two cones as defined in (ii)

above having a common base .

(b) The vertical distance between shapes shall be at least 1.5 metres.

(c) In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length shapes of lesserdimensions but commensurate with the size of the vessel may be used and thedistance apart may be correspondingly reduced.

7 . Colour specification of lights

The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the followingstandards, which lie within th e boundaries of the area of the diagram specifiedfor each colour by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) .


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


406 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[Subaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion of Collisions} Regulations

The boundaries of the area for each colour are given by indicating thecomer co-ordinates, which are as follows:

(i) While

x 0.525 0.525 00452 0.310 0.310 0.443

Y 0.382 0.440 0.440 0.348 0.283 0.382

(ii) Green

x 0.Q28 0.009 0.300 0.203y 0.385 0.723 0.511 0.356

(iii) Redx 0.680 0.660 0735 0721

Y 0.320 0.320 0.265 0.259

(iv) yellowx 0.612 0.618 0.575 0.576

y 0 ~R2 0 ~R2 OA2.'i 00400

8. Intensity of lights

(a) The minimum luminous intensity of lights sliall be calculated byusing tile lo nnula-

I~3A3 x lCl' x T x D' x K-D.wher e I is luminous intensity in candelas under service conditions,

T is threshold factor 2 x 10_7 lux ,D is range of visibility(luminousrange) of the light innauticalmiles,K is atmospheric transmissivity.

For prescribed lights the value of K shall be 0.8, corresponding to ameteorological visibility of approximately 13 nautical miles.

(b) A selection of figures derived from the formula is given in thefollowing Table:

Range Of visibility(luminous range) of

light in nautical milesD123456

Luminous intensity Ofligh: ill candelasjar

K~O.8

I0.94.3

12275294

Note The maximwn lwninous intensity of navigation lights should belimited to avoid undue glare. This shall not be achieved by a variable controlof the luminous intensity.



Shipping Chap. 50:10 407Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion of C ollisions ] Regulations

9. Horizontal sectors

(a) (i) In the forward direction, sidelights as fitted on the vessel shallshow the minimum required intensities.The intensities shall decreaseto reachpractical cut-off betw een 1 degree and 3 degre es outside the prescribed sectors.

(li) For stemligiits and ma sthead ligiits and at 22.5 degrees abaft thebeam for sidelights, the minimumrequired intensities shall be maintained overthe arc of the horizon up to 5 degree s within the limits of the sectors prescribedin rule 21. From 5 degrees within the prescribed sectors the intensity maydecrease by 50 per cent up to the prescribed limits; it shall decrease steadily toreachpractical cut-off atnot morethan5 degrees outsidethe prescribed sectors.

(b) All-round lights shall be so located as not to be ob scured by masts,topm asts or stru ctur es within angular sectors of more than 6 degrees, exceptanchor lights prescribed in rule 30, which need not be placed at an impracticalhei giit above the hull.

10. Vertical sectors

(a) The vertical sectors of electric ligiits as fitted, with the exception oflights on sailing vessel s underway shall ensure that-

(i) at least the required minimmn intensity is maintained at allangles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal ;

(ii) at least 60 per cent of the required minimum intensity is maintainedfrom 7.5 degrees above to 7.5 degrees below the horizontal .

(h) In the case of sailing vessels underway the vertical sectors of electriclights as fitted shall ensure that-

(i) at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at allangles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal ;

(ii) at least 50 per cent of the required minimum intensity is maintainedtr om 25 degrees above to 25 degrees below the honzontal .

(c) in the case of lights other than electric these specifications shall bemet as closely as possibl e.

11. Intensity ofnon-electric lights

Non-electric ligiits shal l so far as practicable comply with the minim umintensities, as specified in the Table given in section 8 of this Annex .

12. Manoeuvring light

Notwithstanding th e provisions of paragraph 2(j) of thi s Annex themanoeuvring ligiit described in rule 34(h) shall be placed in the same fore and


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


408 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[Subaldlary] Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion oj'Co llis ions } Regulations

aft vertical plane as the masthead light or lights and, where practicable, at aminimum height of 2 metres vertically above the forward masthead light,provided that it shall be carried not less than 2 metres vertically above orbelow the after masthead light, On a vessel where only one masthead light iscarried the manoe uvring light, if fitted, shall be carried where it can best beseen, Hut less than 2 ureues verti cally apart [ W111 the iuae thca d liglu,

13 . App roval

The construction of lights and shapes and the installation of lights on boardthe vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the Statewhose flag the vessel is entitled to fly.

ANNEX II

Additional sil!,nals for fishina vessels fishinu in close proximity

1. General

The lights mentioned herein shall, if exhibited in pursuance of rule 26(d),

be placed wher e they can best be seen. They shall be: at le ast 0.9 metre apartbut at a lower level than lights prescribed in rule 26(b)(1) and (e)(i) . The lights

shall be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile but at alesser distance than the lights prescribed by these Rules for fishing vessels.

2. Signals /or trawlers

(a) Vessels when engaged in trawling , whether using demersal or pelagicgear, may exhibit -

(i) when shooting their nets -

two white lights in a vertical line:

(ii) when hauling their nets -

one white light over one red light in a vertical line;

(iii) when the net has come fast upon an obstruction-;

two red lights in a vertical line.

(b) Each vesse l engaged in pair trawling may exhibit -

(i) by night, a searclilig lit directed forward and in the directionof the o1her vessel of 1he pair ;

(ii) when shooting or hauling their nets or when their netshave come fast upon an obstruction, the lights prescribedin 2(a) above.




3. Signals for p urse sei ners

Vessels cugagcd ill fishing with pw sc: seine gcar may exhi bi t two yello wlights in a vertical line. Tliese liglits sliall flasli alternately every second andwith equal light and occultation duration. These lights may be exhibited onlywhen the vessel is hampered by its fishing gear.

ANNEX III

Technical details of sound signal appliances

1. Whistles

(aJ Frequencies a nd range af audibility

The fundam ental frequency of the signal shall lie within the range 70-700 Hz.The range of audibility of the signal from a whistle shal l be determined by

those frequencies, which may include the fundamental and/or one or morehigher frequencies, whi ch lie within the range 180-700 Hz (*1 per cent) andwhich provide the sound pressure levels speci fied in paragraph l(e) below.

(b) Limits a/fundamental fre quencies

To ensure a wide variety of whistle characteristics, the fundamentalfrequency of a whistle shall be between the following limits:

(i) 70-200 Hz, for a vessel 200 metres or more in length ;

(ii) 130-350 Hz, for a vessel 75 metres but less than 200 metresin length ;

(iii) 250-700 Hz, for a vessel less than 75 metres in length .

(c) Sound signal intensity and range ofaudihility

A whistle flttedma vessel shall provide, m the direction ot maximum intensityof the whistle and at a distance of 1 metre from it, a sound pressure level in atleast one Y; rd-octave band within the range of frequencies 180-700 Hz (*1 percent) of not less than the appropriate figure given in the table below,

[Subsidiary]

Length of vessel in me tres

200 or more75 but less than 20020 but Iess than 75Less than 20

Yo rd-octave band level atJ metre in dB referred to

2 X 105 - N/m2

143138130120

Audibility range innautical miles

21.51OS

L.RD.



410 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubald lary] Shipping (Distress Signals and Prcvauion oj'Co llisions } Regulations

The range of audibility in the table above is for information and isapproximately the range at which a whistle may be heard on its forwardaxis with 90 per cent probability in conditions of still air on board a vesselhaving average background noise level at the listening posts (taken to be68 dB in the octave band centred on 250 Hz and 63 dB in the octave bandcentred on 500 Hz).

In practice the range at which a whistle may be heard is extremely variableand depends critically on weather conditions; the values given can be regardedas typical but under conditions of strong wind or high ambient noise level atthe listening post the range may be much reduced.

(d) Directional properties

The sound pressure level of a directional whistle shall be not more than4 dB below the prescribed sound pressure level on the axis at any direction inthe horizontal plane within +45 degrees of the axis. The sound pressure levelat any o1her direction in the horizontal plane shall be not more 1han 10 dBbelow the prcacribcd aound prc33urc level on the UXi3 , 30 that the ronge in onydirection will be at least half the range on the forward axis. The sound pressurelevel shall be measured in that Y, rd-octave band which determines theaudibility range.

(e) Positioning ojwhisties

When a directional whistle is to be used as the only whistle on a vessel, itshall be installed with its maximum intensity directed straight ahead.

A whistle shall be placed as high as practicable on a vessel, in order toreduce intercoption of the emitted sound by obstructions and also to minimizehearing damage risk to personnel. The sound pressure level of the vessel 's ownsignal at listening posts shall not exceed 110 dB(A) and so far as practicableshould not exceed 100 dB(A).

(j) Fitting ofmore than olle whistle

If whistles are fitted at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, it shall beso arranged that they are not sounded simultaneously

(g) Combin ed whistle systems

If due to the presence of obstructions the sound field of a single whistle orof one of the whistles referred to in paragraph 1(1) above is likely to have azone of greatly reduced signal level, it is recommended 1hat a combinedwhistle system be fitted so as to overcome this reduction. For the purposes ofthe Rules a combined whistle system is to be regarded as a single whistle. Thewhistles of a combined system shall be located at a distance apart of not morethan 100 metres and arr an ged to be sounded simultaneously. The frequency ofanyone whistle shall differ from those of the others by at least 10 Hz.




2. Bell or gOllg

(u) Intensity of .~ igflul

A bell or gong, or other device having similar sound characteristics shallproduce a sound pressure level of not less than 110 dB at a distance of 1 metrefrom it.

(h) ConstructionBells and gongs shall be made of corrosion-resistant material and designed

to give a clear tone. The diameter of the mouth of the bell shall be not less than300 mm for vessels of 20 metres or more in length and shall be not less than200 mm for vessels of 12 metres or more but of less than20 metres in length.

Where practicable, a power-driven bell striker is recommended to ensureconstant force but manual operation shall be possible. The mass of the strikershall be not less than3 per cent of the mass of the bell.

3. Approval

The construction of sound signal appliances, their performance and theirinstallation on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriateauthority of the State whose flag the vessel is entitled to fly.

ANNEX IV

Distress signals

1. The following signals , used or exhibited either together or separately,indicate distress and need of assistan ce:

(a) a gun of other explosive signal fired at intervals of about aminute;

(h) a continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus;

(c) rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time atshort intervals;

(d) a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signallingmethod consisting of the group ......... (SOS) in the Morse Code;

(e) a signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spokenword "Mayday";

(j) the Interna tional c «r e Signal uf WSU"C;;:ss iUWt:<1lt:L1 LJy N .c.,(g) a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it

a ball or anything resembling a ball;(11) flames on the vessel (as from a burningtarbarrel, oil barrel, etc.);

(i) a rocket parachute flare or a hand flare showing a red light;


[Subsidiary]

L.RD.


412 Chap. 50:10 Shipping[S ubaldlary] Shipping (Distress Sig nals and Prcvauion oj'Co llisions} Reg ula tions

(j) a smoke signal giving off orange -coloured smoke;

(k) slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering armsoutstretched to each side;

(I) the radiotelegraph alarm signal;

(m) the radiotelephone alarm signal;

(Il) signals transmitted by emergency position-indicating radiobeacons;

(0) approved signals transmitted by radiocommllllication systems.

2. The use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals except for thepurpose of indicating distress and need of assistance and the use of othersignals which may be confused with any of the above signals is prohibited.

3. Attention is drawn to the relevant sections of the International Code ofSignals, the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the following signals:

ta ] a piece of orange coloured CG1lV QB with either a black squareand circle or other appropriate symbol (for identificationfrom the air);

(b) a dye marker.


Documents

SHIPPING (DISTRESS SIGNALS AND PREVENTION OF …faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/tri106231.pdf · SHIPPING (DISTRESS SIGNALS AND PREVENTION ... (Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions)