SHIPS (VESSELS)SHIPS (VESSELS)

Kpt. Yusuf ZORBAKpt. Yusuf ZORBA

20022002

Petroleum LPGVine LNGAcid WaterProduct

SHIPSSHIPS

Warships Merchant Vessel Yachts

Passanger Cargo Auxilary Fishing

OBO

Ro-Ro

Bulk Carrier

Conrtainer

Reefer

General Cargo

Liquid Cargo

Tugs

Ice breakers

Rescue ship

Light ship

DredgersFloating cranes

Diver’s boat

WARSHIPSWARSHIPS

Warships; Warships;

We know that We know that

they are usingthey are using

in the army.in the army.

It’s not important for us.It’s not important for us.

But, we know that;But, we know that;

Warships exists for Warships exists for

Merchant Vessels…Merchant Vessels…

YACHTSYACHTS

Yachts usually use Yachts usually use for sports or touristic for sports or touristic trip. Some modern trip. Some modern types can be usefull types can be usefull for passanger for passanger transportations.transportations.

Merchant VesselsMerchant Vessels Our subject is merchant vessel. Our subject is merchant vessel. We devided into for groups;We devided into for groups;

Passanger ShipsPassanger Ships Cargo vesselsCargo vessels Auxilary vesselsAuxilary vessels Fishing vesselsFishing vessels

Passanger ShipsPassanger Ships Passanger ships use only passanger Passanger ships use only passanger

transports between the well-known ports of transports between the well-known ports of The World.The World.

We say that a passanger ships which are We say that a passanger ships which are making a sailing in the ocean “Transatlantic”making a sailing in the ocean “Transatlantic”

Some Transatlantic ports;Some Transatlantic ports; Newyork, Southhampton, Cherbourg, Hamburg, Newyork, Southhampton, Cherbourg, Hamburg,

Venice, etc…Venice, etc… Their cruise speed changes 15-40 nautical Their cruise speed changes 15-40 nautical

miles per hour. (Knots)miles per hour. (Knots) It’s possible to choose from faraway because It’s possible to choose from faraway because

of their deck lights. of their deck lights.

Passanger ShipsPassanger Ships

Fishing VesselsFishing Vessels Fishing vessels seperate according to Fishing vessels seperate according to

their fishing types. Two types fishing are their fishing types. Two types fishing are made;made; Pelagic Fishing (açık deniz yüzey balıkçılığı)Pelagic Fishing (açık deniz yüzey balıkçılığı) Demersal Fishing (dip balıkçılığı)Demersal Fishing (dip balıkçılığı)

We don’t interest their specifications We don’t interest their specifications exactly. But we have to attention a exactly. But we have to attention a fishing vessels when make a sail. fishing vessels when make a sail.

Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat)Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat) It’s possible to count many kind of auxilary vessels.

But we interest especially “tug boats”. The tugboat has a number of functions ranging from

towing vessels into berths, to firefighting, salvage and anchor handling/positioning.

Tugs range in size (and power) depending on the tasks that they required to perform. A small harbor tug may only have 3 - 400 BHP (Brake Horse Power), whereas a large ocean-going salvage tug may have up to 10,000 BHP engines, capable of towing large cargo vessels off sandbanks and rocks.

Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat)Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat)

Cargo Vessels – Bulk CarriersCargo Vessels – Bulk Carriers Bulk carriers ("bulkers"), are the great workhorses of the

shipping world, carrying raw dry cargoes in huge cavernous holds, such as coal, iron ore, grain, sulphur, scrap metal.

The vessel is that rare beast called a "geared" bulk carrier, so called because it carries it's own cargo cranes - very useful when visiting ports lacking portside cargo handling equipment.

The vessel on the next slayt is a more regular design of "gearless" bulk carrier.

Bulkers range from about 25,000 Deadweight tons ("handy size") through the medium size ("Panamax") vessels of about 75,000 DWT, to the giant ("capsize") vessels of over 200,000 DWT

Cargo Vessels – Bulk Cargo Vessels – Bulk CarriersCarriers

Cargo Vessels – Dry Cargo VesselsCargo Vessels – Dry Cargo Vessels Until vessels started to be built to carry specific cargoes, all vessels

were simply general or dry cargo vessels, i.e. built to carry any and all cargoes either in drums and bales or on pallets.

Such cargoes were put in general holds with no specialization. The role of the general/dry cargo vessel began to wane with the arrival of bulk carriers and tankers, but the decline of these general vessels has accelerated since the arrival of containerization (in the 1960's).

Not only are container ships able to carry greater volumes of cargo in standard shaped cargo containers, the time spent loading and discharging has been dramatically reduced.

Whereas a dry cargo vessel may take 3 - 4 days to load or discharge, a container ship can achieve the same in a matter of hours. Although general/ dry cargo vessels remain as the largest (in pure numbers) of cargo carrying vessels, they are often smaller (rarely above 50,000 Gross tons) than the specialized vessels that are slowly replacing them

Cargo Vessels – Dry Cargo Cargo Vessels – Dry Cargo VesselsVessels

Cargo Vessels – Container VesselsCargo Vessels – Container Vessels The Containership or "Box ship" is the great success

story of the last 25 years. General cargo was historically carried in dry cargo vessels, without any particular specialization.

Cargo loading and unloading was always a slow, laborious task, due to the varying shapes, sizes, weights and fragility of the numerous cargoes being carried on any one vessel.

The idea of standardizing the carrying box, or container at 20 feet long was a breakthrough that allowed for vessels to be designed to carry these standard sized boxes, and for dockside equipment also to be designed to lift , stack and store these specific shapes.

Cargo Vessels – Container Cargo Vessels – Container VesselsVessels

Thus was born the container ship. Initially, these were small vessels of up to 10,000 DWT, carrying no more than a few hundred TEU (Twenty foot Equivalent Units), but have grown in size as the success and economies of these vessels have become more obvious. Today's container ships are being built to take 8,000 T.E.U., with plans to build 10 - 12,000 TEU ships.

Cargo Vessels – Container Cargo Vessels – Container VesselsVessels These vessels are built

for speed, and can reach upwards of 28 knots, moving cargoes around the globe.

Through transport or inter-modal transport, means that these containers can be offloaded from a ship, and rapidly loaded onto trains or onto container lorries for onward transport to the place of delivery.

Cargo Vessels – Container Cargo Vessels – Container VesselsVessels

Cargo Vessels – Car CarriersCargo Vessels – Car Carriers The car carrier could never be described as a beauty

of the seas, yet in it's rectangular design, is purpose built to carry large numbers of cars.

Manufacturers of cars, mainly in Japan and Europe, use these vessels to ship large quantities of their products around the world. Every Japanese, Korean, or European car you see on our roads, may have been brought across on one of these car carrier vessels

Cargo Vessels – Car CarriersCargo Vessels – Car Carriers

Cargo Vessels – Reefer ShipsCargo Vessels – Reefer Ships Refrigerated Cargo Carrying Vessels ("Reefers") are

purpose built to carry fruit, meat and other food products across the sea in a fresh and clean manner.

Perhaps the most famous of these types of vessels are the banana carriers, trading between the Caribbean and Europe. They are sleek and fast, as their trade demands, with cooling (refrigeration) equipment to keep their cargoes fresh

Cargo Vessels – Reefer Cargo Vessels – Reefer ShipsShips

Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro ShipsCargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships The Ro-Ro, or more fully the Roll on - roll off

vessel, comes in a number of shapes and sizes, but generally in two types; the passenger ro-ro and the Cargo ro-ro.

Passenger ro-ros have become common sights wherever people want to travel over water with their vehicles. It is probably the only type of cargo vessel that most people have traveled on. Usually a rear door (but sometimes a bow door) allows for vehicles to be driven on and off, stored on the car deck below the passenger accommodation areas.

Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro ShipsCargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships The cargo ro-ro is less "plush" than the passenger

type, as these vessels are designed for the carriage of commercial vehicles where luxurious passenger accommodation is not a primary consideration.

This type vessel usually called “Ro-Ro”. It’s mean that Roll on, Roll off.

But novadays this types vessel called "ro-ro-ro" ships because of their sinking easily in a heavy weather/sea. So, means that ;

Roll on, roll off....roll over

Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro ShipsCargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships

Cargo Vessels – TankersCargo Vessels – Tankers Tankers are designed to carry liquid cargoes (not just

oil) although the carriage of crude oil has brought the tanker unwelcome attention and largely unjustified criticism.

Oil tankers come in two basic categories, the crude carrier, which carries crude oil, and the clean products tanker, which carries the refined products, such as petrol, gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene and paraffin. Tankers range in all sizes, from the small bunkering tanker (used for refueling larger vessels) of 1000 DWT tons to the real giants: the VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) of between 2-300,000 DWT and the ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carrier) of over 300,000 DWT

HANDY SIZE TANKER = 20,000 - 30,000 DWTHANDYMAX TANKER = approx 35,000 DWTAFRAMAX TANKER = between 75,000 - 125,000 DWTSUEZMAX TANKER = between 125,000 - 180,000 DWTV.L.C.C. TANKER = between 200,000 - 300,000 DWTU.L.C.C. TANKER = over 300,000 DWT

It should be remembered that over 60% of the world's oil is transported by these tankers, and over 99% of that arrives safely without causing pollution. Indeed most oil pollution seen on beaches comes from the engine rooms of vessels (of all types) and not from the cargo tanks of tankers.

Cargo Vessels – TankersCargo Vessels – Tankers

Cargo Vessels – TankersCargo Vessels – Tankers

Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNGCargo Vessels – LPG & LNG The LNG carrier (Liquefied Natural Gas) and it's cousin the

LPG carrier (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) are products of the late twentieth century. LNG and LPG are the preferred fuel types of certain countries for their industrial power needs. Japan is one such country, and so LNG needs to be transported to Japan, but is not the easiest of cargoes to be transported. In its natural state, LNG is a gas, so to transport it, it needs to be either pressurized into a liquefied form, or kept as a liquid by reducing the temperature (simple application of Boyle's Law in physics !).

The shape of the LNG Carrier is quite unmistakable, with the shape of the Moss tanks (which are like enormous spherical thermos flasks !) visible along the deck, which has led to the nickname of "Dinosaur Eggs Carriers".

Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNGCargo Vessels – LPG & LNG Obviously, the carriage of

an explosive gas - kept at below freezing temperatures as an unstable liquid presents a very dangerous cargo, yet it is for this very fact, that LNG Carriers have about the best safety record of all maritime vessels. Only the best officers and crews are employed on these vessels.

Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNGCargo Vessels – LPG & LNG

Ship TypesShip Typesand and

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Now,Now,

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Passanger Ship Tug Boat Car Carrier

Oil TankerContainer Vessel

General Cargo Vessel Passanger Ship Ro-Ro