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Short Answer and Essay Questions

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African Americans & The Great Awakening Christianity was spread in the African American communities during the Second Great Awakening. Southern enslaved Africans worshipped in the same churches as whites, and saw the Christian message as a promise to freedom in the afterlife. Northeastern freed blacks held separate services, and some churches became social, political, and cultural centers for their communities. Richard Allens Bethel African Church in Philadelphia worked to provide services (i.e. schools, medical aid, etc) that whites denied them. It developed a political voice and Allen held the 1 st Black National Convention in 1830.

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Nat Turner Nat Turner was born into slavery in 1800 in Southampton County, VA. He was a gifted preacher who believed he was destined to bring his people out of bondage, and when he saw an eclipse he began his plot. He gathered 80 followers and attacked 4 plantations, killing nearly 60 whites. The backlash of this rebellion led to 200 slaves being killed, many were not even connected to the event. This also led to the tightening of slave codes which restricted blacks from doing things such as carrying a gun, holding public assemblies, preaching, and even read or write.

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Womens Roles Women of the 19 th century were part of a tradition known as the Cult of Domesticity. Women were expected to raise the children and run the household. Women could not vote, sit on juries, own property, and even did not have guardianship of their kids. Women usually did not work outside the home, and if they did they would earn the wages of a man. Womens education was generally geared towards learning how to sew, clean, cook, and rear children. Despite these limitations, women of this era began to fight for rights through a variety of reform movements.

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Industrial Changes in the U.S. Prior to the industrial boom of the 1820s, only thread was manufactured with machines. The thread would then be spun into cloth in the homes. This was known as the Cottage Industry. Weaving factories with their power looms replaced the need for the cottage industry and specialized/skilled labor. By moving the work from the home to the factory, several dynamics changed. Families were broken up, skilled artisans were no longer needed due to interchangeable parts, and reduced the prices of household goods. Women became a large part of the work force (90%) and allowed for a low cost work force in the North. Poor work conditions and wage cuts led many women to challenge their employers with strikes and unions.

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The Second Great Awakening & Reform Movements (Essay Question) The Second Great Awakening promoted the idea of individual responsibility to achieve salvation. Reform movements began focusing on education, prisons, abolition, temperance, the workplace, and womens rights. Major figures to incorporate were Horace Mann, Dorthea Dix, William Llyod Garrison, Frederick Douglass, The Grimk sisters, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Sojourner Truth.

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Reminders Start studying for the Ch8 Test Will be on Monday! Corrected Outlines due Monday If you are behind 2 or more assignments, you will be on this Sundays study hall! NEW JOBS!!!