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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants (SLCPs) in (South) Asia:
Science, Impacts and Action
Prof. Dr. Mark G. Lawrence With contributions from
Maheswar Rupakheti, Birgit Lode and Kathleen Mar
Managing Scientific Director Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) http://www.iass-potsdam.de
IGES Side Event, UNFCCC COP-21 Paris, France, 3 December 2015
2 [IPCC, 2013]
Regional Warming
“OHC” = Ocean Heat Content
Strong regional warming in Asia, Significant impacts expected (e.g., monsoon rains)
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
Air Quality: A major challenge throughout Asia
2015 2015 Beijing Air Pollution
2009 2013
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. Courtesy: Jinsoo, Khadak, Dipesh, Bhogendra
Filter after one day of sampling at the SusKat-ABC Bode Supersite
Health Impacts…
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Reduced Visibility due to Particulate Matter
View from Bode House , Kathmandu, SusKat*-ABC Field Campaign Supersite
* Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley (IASS/ICIMOD + ~20 partners)
20 March 2013 28 Feb 2013
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
• Gases: – Methane (CH4) – Ozone (O3) – Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) – Etc.
SLCPs: Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants
• Aerosol Particles: – Soot (incl. Black Carbon (“BC”)) – Organic Carbon – Sulfate (SO4
2-) – Etc.
Roles • Act as air pollutants or pollutant precursors (except HFCs)
• Responsible for significant climate-forcing (warming /cooling)
• Relatively short-lived in the atmosphere (days to decades)
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
Mitigation Possibilities? è 16 Key Global Measures for CH4 and BC
[UNEP, 2011]
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9 Key Global Measures for Reducing BC Emissions
Improved biomass stoves Modern coke ovens Remove mega-emitters / DPF
Cooking with clean fuel Pellet biomass heating stoves Improved brick kilns
Coal briquettes replacing coal Reduce agricultural burning Reduce flaring
(Courtesy of J. Kuylenstierna, SEI/CCAC)
è Many are typical for (South) Asia!
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
Clear Need for:
• clean-solutions
• grounded in sound science
• tailored to local context
è One Response: Pilot Studies (our example: Nepal)
• Significant levels of pollution (Transformation needs), but…
• Manageable size for potential interventions (Transformation potential)
à Collaboration with ICIMOD and over 20 other research institutions
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
SusKat: A Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley
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Decision makers - MoSTE
Private Sector
Science-policy seminars on SLCPs
Global/Regional Initiatives
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SusKat-ABC Field campaign sites (Dec 2012-June 2013)
Pokhara
Lumbini
Jomsong
Pyramid Dhunchhe
• 20 research groups (>40 scientists for ~6 months), over 150 instruments at over 20 ground sites
• 2nd largest international pollution measurements campaign ever in Southern Asia
• Special issue with 20-25 papers in progress
• Several follow-up campaigns (incl. exposure/health)
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 24:000
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Time "HH: MM"
BC
con
cent
ratio
n, µ
g m
-3
MonsoonWinterPre MonsoonPost Monsoon
Black Carbon (BC) in the Kathmandu Valley
Main sources of BC/PM: Traffic and road, brick factories, garbage burning, diesel gen-sets
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
SusKat: A Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley
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15
Avai
labl
e on
You
Tube
Students and Fellows: Capacity building
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.
• Science has made a strong case that cannot be ignored:
SLCPs are a significant threat to development in Asia
• Need to continue advancing SLCP science in the region
• Connect to local policy makers and other key stakeholders:
especially showing benefits near where emissions are cut,
plus extension to other regions through climatic and
economic impacts
Conclusions
For more information: http://www.iass-potsdam.de/regional-focus-sustainable-atmosphere-kathmandu-valley [email protected] [email protected]
The Goal: Clean Air for Asia!