ShortWri)ngO-enNotJustLongWri)ngSeldom

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AnitaL.Archer,PhDAuthor,Consultant,Teacher

archerteach@aol.com

ShortWri)ngO-en...NotJustLongWri)ngSeldom

MiddleSchool

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ShortWri)ngOFTENnotjustLongWri)ngSeldom

ShortWri)ngOFTENnotjustLongWri)ngSeldomMucha5en6onisbeinggiventoplanning,wri6ngandrevisinglongnarra6ve,informa6ve,andargumenta6veproducts.Perhapsevenmoregainsinwri6ngwillflowfromafocusonwri6ngforlearning:comple6ngshortwri6ngassignmentsoBeninallclasses.Inthissession,Anitawillpresentprocedurestoscaffoldwri6ngsummaries,compare-contrastparagraphs,andresponsestoreading(explana6ons,opinions,etc.)usingstrategies,wri6ngframes,andthinksheets.Par6cipantswillleavewithabevyofwaystoincreasestudents’wri6ngskills.

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Topics

Why?What?How?

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Examples–ShortWri6ngSocialStudiesClass–Studentswriteananalysisofagraphicusingawri6ngframe.Attheendofclass,studentsanswertwoexit)cketques6ons.MathClass–Studentswriteaparagraphexplainingtheprocessusedtosolveonemathproblem.Science–Studentswriteasasummaryofasciencear)cle.Studentsanswertwoexit)cketques6ons.LanguageArts–StudentscompareandcontrasttwocharactersaBerfillinginacompare-contrastthinksheet.Studentswriteasentencecontaining2vocabularywords.

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Why?

Learning•  Studentslearnmoredueto

– Rehearsal– Retrieval

•  Helpsclarifythinking

•  Promotescri6calthinking

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Why?

Engagement•  Ac6vepar6cipa6on•  Ac6vethinking•  Ac6vereflec6on•  Whenwri6ngprecedesdiscussion,

• MorethoughVulpar6cipa6on•  Increaseddiversityofstudentvoices

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Why?

Par)cipa)oninDiscussions•  Whenwri6ngprecedesdiscussion,

• MorethoughVulpar6cipa6on•  Increaseddiversityofstudentvoices

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Why?

Wri)ng– Developswri6ngskills– Keepswri6ngskillssharp–  Increasesabilitytocommunicateindomain–  Introducescri6cala5ributesofmode

•  Illustratecri6cala5ributes•  Prac6cetypeofwri6ngwithshortwri6ngbeforelongversion

•  Example:Wri6ngparagraphargumentsbeforeessays

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Why?

EmbeddedForma)veAssessment•  Studentscanappraisetheirgraspofcri6calcontentand

concepts

•  Teacherscanappraisegraspofcri6calcontentandconcepts

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WhatThefollowingtypesofproductswillbepar6cularlyusefulintermsofwri6ngprac6ce,comprehension,andcontentlearning:

•  ResponsetoComprehensionQues)ons•  Summaries•  CompareandContrast•  Explana)ons•  Opinions/Arguments•  ExitTickets

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HOW–Scaffolding

ScaffoldingStudents’wri6ngcanbesupportedusing:

– Wri)ngStrategies– Wri)ngFrames– ThinkSheets

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How-Instruc)onalProcedures

Op)on#1.•  Modeltheprocedure.•  Guidestudentsinwri6ngaproduct.•  Havestudentsusetheprocedure.•  Carefullymonitorandprovidefeedback.Idoit.Wedoit.Youdoit.

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How-Instruc)onalProcedures

Op)on#2.•  Showstudentsanexampleofcompletedproduct.•  Tellstudentshowtoproceed.•  Havestudentsusetheprocedure.•  Carefullymonitorandprovidefeedback.

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RESPONSETOCOMPREHENSIONQUESTIONS

Studentswriteanswerstoques6onstodeepenunderstanding,torehearseinforma6on,andtoretrieveinforma6on.

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Strategy–ShortAnswer

Step1:Readtheitem.Step2: TurntheQues6onintopartofthe answerandwriteitdown.

Step3:Thinkoftheanswerorlocatethe answerinthear6cle.

Step4: Completeyouranswer.REWARDSPLUSpublishedbyVoyager/Sopris

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Example–ScienceWhatisthemajordifferencebetweenproducersandconsumers?(Wri5enAnswer)Themajordifferencebetweenproducersandconsumersisthatproducersmaketheirownfoodandconsumersmusteatplantsandotheranimalsforfood.

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SentenceFrames/ParagraphFrames

Grade5,SocialStudiesWhatdoesthispain6ngtellyouabouttherolesofmenandwomenatthat6me?Thispain6ngtellsusabouttherolesofmenandwomen.Theroleofmenwasto...Theroleofwomenwasto...

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SUMMARIES

Studentssummarizechapter,segmentofchapter,ar6cle,lecture,orunitfocusingonthemostcri6calcontent.

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Strategies

Strategy for Paragraph Writing - List - Cross-out - Connect - Number ( Write)

REWARDS PLUS (Sopris West)

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List - Make a list of important ideas.

Penquin�s birth!– Male takes care of egg!–  Female lays egg!–  Female leaves !–  Female spends winter at sea!– The water is very cold!– Male puts egg on his feet under belly !– Male stays on egg for two months!– Male doesn�t eat!– Egg hatches!– Male must care for baby!

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Cross-out - Cross out any unnecessary or weak ideas. Connect - Connect ideas that could go in one sentence.

"Penquin�s birth!" "Male takes care of egg!" Female lays egg!" "Female leaves !" "Female spends winter at sea!" "The water is very cold!" "Male puts egg on his feet under belly!

" "Male stays on egg for two months!" "Male doesn�t eat!" "Egg hatches "!" "Male must care for baby!

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Number - Number the ideas in the order that they will appear in the paragraph.

"Penquin�s birth! 3 " Male takes care of egg! 1 " Female lays egg!

2 " "Female leaves !" "Female spends winter at sea !" "The water is very cold!" "Male puts egg on his feet under belly !

4 " "Male stays on egg for two months ! 5 Male does not eat!

" "Egg hatches"!6 " "Male must care for baby!

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Write a summary.

The birth process of penguins is fascinating and quite different from that of other animals. The female penguin lays an egg. Soon after laying the egg, the female penguin leaves and spends the winter in the sea. Meanwhile the male must take care of the egg. For two months, he places the egg on his feet under his belly. During this time, the male penguin does not eat. Even after the baby penguin hatches, the male penguin continues to take care of the infant penguin.

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The roots of modern theater can be found in early Greek theater. Greek theater began as a religious ceremony that honored the Greek god Dionysus. At first, choruses chanted lyrics. When actors were added to interact with the chorus, theater was born. Later, the Dionysus festival in Athens became a drama competition, and amphitheaters were built to accommodate the event. Both tragedies, which taught lessons, and comedies, which made fun of life, were performed. Greek theater declined when the great playwrights died and the government changed.

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Ben Franklin, a well-known American living from 1706 to 1790, gained fame as an inventor, scientist, author, printer, and politician. As an inventor, he developed a range of items including the Franklin stove, bifocals, and swim fins. His experiments verified that lightning was simply a form of electricity. As an author, he was best known for his annual Poor Richard’s Almanack that supplied advice to readers on numerous subjects. As a politician, Franklin helped write the Declaration of Independence, signed the Constitution, and served as an ambassador to France. While Franklin’s accomplishments spanned many domains, his life spanned three countries: the US, Great Britain, and France.

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ElementsofCulture

1.  Language 5.Economy2.  Religion 6.Arts3.History a.artwork4.Dailylife b.musicanddance

a.  food c.storiesb.  clothing d.fes6vals,holidays,celebra6onsc.  shelter 7.Government8.Inven6onsandtechnology

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HumanBodySystemsSchemaforStudyinganyBodySystem

PartsofSystem(Cells,Tissues,Organs)Whatdoesthebodysystemconsistof?

Func)onsofSystemWhatarethemainfunc6onsofthebodysystem?Whatarethefunc6onsoftheorgans?

Diseases/DisordersofSystemWhatdiseasesordisorderscanharmthesystem?

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Summary-Informa)onalTextChapter:__________Topic:_______________Inthissec6onofthechapter,anumberofcri6calpointsweremadeabout…First,theauthorspointedoutthat…Thiswasimportantbecause…Next,theauthorsmen6onedthat…Furthermore,theyindicated…Thiswascri6calbecause…Finally,theauthorssuggestedthat…

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Summary-Informa)veText–Example

•  Chapter:Dri-ingCon)nents•  Topic:Wegener'sTheory

Inthissec6onofthechapter,anumberofcri6calpointsweremadeaboutAlfredWegener'stheoryofcon<nentaldri=.First,theauthorspointedoutthatWegenerbelievedthatallthecon<nentswereoncejoinedtogetherinasinglelandmassthatdri=edapartformingthecon<nentsoftoday.Thiswasimportantbecauseitexplainedwhytheoutlineofthecon<nentsastheyaretodayfittogether.Next,theauthorsmen6onedthatWegenerarguedthatthereweremanypiecesofevidencesuppor<nghistheoryofcon<nentaldri=.Furthermore,theyindicatedthatWegenerusedevidenceofsimilarlandformsandfossilsondifferentcon<nentstoprovehistheory.Thiswascri6calbecauseotherscien<stscouldvalidatethisevidence.Finally,theauthorssuggestedthatdespitethisevidence,otherscien<stsdidnotacceptWegener'stheorybecausehecouldnotexplaintheforcethatpushesandpullsthecon<nent.

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Summary-Informa)onalText

Chapter:Decomposers

Inthissec6onofthechapter,anumberofcri6calpointsweremadeaboutdecomposers.First,theauthorsstatedthatdecomposersbreakdownorganismsthatarenolongerlivingsuchasdeadplants,deadanimals,androFngwood.Thisisimportantbecausedecomposersbreaktheorganismsintonutrientsthatcanbeusedbyplants.Next,theauthorsmen6onedthatearthwormsaredecomposersthateatplantlifethathasdied.Furthermore,theyindicatedthatearthwormspassnutrientsfromdeadplantstothesoil.Thiswascri6calbecausethesenutrientsenrichthesoilandthussupportplantgrowth.Finally,theauthorssuggestedthatfungiandsomeinsectsareotherexamplesofdecomposers. 40

Summary-Video

AlthoughIalreadyknewthat...Ilearnedsomenewfactsfromthevideo6tled...Ilearned...Ialsodiscoveredthat...AnotherfactIlearnedwas...However,themostimportant/interes6ngthingIbecameawareofwas... 41

Summary-VideoAlthoughIalreadyknewthatmigra<ngVauxSwi=sgatherin

NWPortland,Oregoninthefall,Ilearnedsomenewfactsfromthevideo6tledVauxSwi=s.IlearnedthattheVauxSwi=scannotperchlikeothersongbirdsduetothestructureoftheirclaws.Thesebirdseitherclingtothewallsofahollowtreeorachimneyorfly.Ialsodiscoveredthattheirnaturalhabitatisdeclining,forcingthemtosleepinchimneys.AnotherfactIlearnedwasthatupto30,000swi=sgatheratChapmanElementarySchoolwheretheydivedownintothechimneyatsunset.However,themostinteres6ngthingIbecameawareofwasthatthechildrenattheschoolareverysuppor<veofthemigra<ngVauxSwi=s.Toprotecttheswi=sintheschoolchimney,theheatisturnedoffun<ltheswi=smigrate,resul<nginthestudentswearingsweatersandcoatsinclass.

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Why

•  Thereareanumberofreasonswhywri6ngframesarebeneficialtostudents.

•  Themostimportantreasonis…•  Anotherreasonis…•  Afurtherreasonis…•  Soyoucanseewhy…

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COMPAREANDCONTRASTStudentsreflectonhowtwothingsaresimilaranddifferent.

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CompareandContrast

...and...aresimilarinanumberofways.

First,theyboth……

Anothercri6calsimilarityis...

Anequallyimportantsimilarityis...

Finally,they...

Thedifferencesbetween...and...arealsoobvious.

Themostimportantdifferenceis...

Inaddi6on,theyare...

Inthefinalanalysis,...differsfrom...intwomajorways:…

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CompareandContrast-Example

Narra6veandinforma6vewri5enproductsaresimilarinanumberofways.First,theybothhaveanauthorintentonsharinghis/herideas.Anothercri6calsimilarityisthegoalofinforma<veandnarra<vewri<ng:tocommunicatetoareaderorgroupofreaders.Anequallyimportantsimilarityisthatbothgenre’u<lizethewords,mechanics,andgrammaroftheauthor’slanguage.Finally,theybotharereadonadailybasisacrosstheworld.

Thedifferencesbetweennarra<veandinforma<vewriVenproductsarealsoobvious.Narra<vesconveyastory,realorimagined,whileinforma<veproductstransmitinforma<onthatthereaderneedsorisinterestedinlearning.Themostimportantdifferenceistheirpurpose.Inaddi6on,theyarestructureddifferently.Thestructureofanarra<veisbasedontheelementsofastory:seFngs,characters,thecharacter’sproblems,aVemptsatresolvingtheproblem,andfinallyitsresolu<on.Incontrast,whenwri<nganinforma<veproduct,authorsorganizetheinforma<onintoparagraphseachcontainingatopicandcri<caldetails.Inthefinalanalysis,narra<vesdifferfrominforma<vetextintwomajorways:contentandstructure.

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CompareandContrast

Thesunandthemoonaresimilarinanumberofways.First,theybothbelongtothesolar

system.Anothercri6calsimilarityisthattheyarevisiblefromEarth.Duringthedaywecan

observethesunandatnightwecanspotthemoon.Anequallyimportantsimilarityisthatboth

ofthemmovewithinoursolarsystem.Finally,theyareobjectsthatwewanttolearnmoreabout.

Thedifferencesbetweenthesunandmoonarealsoobvious.Themostimportant

differenceisthatthesunisagaseousstarwhilethemoonissolid.ThesunisMUCHlargerthan

themoon.Inaddi6on,theyaredifferentintermsofthelightthatweobserve.Thesungivesoff

heatandlightofitsown,whilethemoondoesnotgiveofflightofitsownbutratherreflectslight

ofthesun.Inthefinalanalysis,thesundiffersfromthemoonintwomajorways:theirmakeup

(gasvssolid)andtheirlight,producedbythesunandreflectedbythemoon.

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Compare

TheSenateandtheHouseofRepresenta6vesaresimilarinanumberofways.First,theyarebothpartofthelegisla6vebranchofgovernmentreferredtoasCongress.Furthermore,ci6zensineachstatemustelectthesenatorsandrepresenta6vesthatserveinCongress.Inaddi6on,thetwobodiesofCongresshaveanumberofjointpowersincludingthepowertomakelaws,declarewar,andcollecttaxes.

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ContrastWhiletheSenateandHousearesimilarinanumberofways,their

membershipcomposi6ondiffers.Thereare100electedsenatorswithtwosenatorsfromeachstateregardlessofthestate’spopula6on.Incontrast,theHousehasatotalof435representa6veswiththenumberfromeachstatedependentonthestate’spopula6on.Thequalifica6onsalsodifferbetweensenatorsandrepresenta6ves.Representa6vemustbeatleast25yearsold,aUSci6zenfor7ormoreyears,andalegalresidentofthestatethattheyrepresent.Ontheotherhand,asenatormustbeatleast30yearsold,aUSci6zenfor9yearsormore,andalegalresidentoftheirstate.

TheSenateandHouseofRepresenta6ves,whilegivenjointpowers,arealsoaccordedseparatepowers.TheSenateisgiventheresponsibilityforra6fyingtrea6es,confirmingpresiden6alnomina6ons,andtryingimpeachedofficials.Incontrast,theHouseofRepresenta6ves’specificpowersincludeini6a6ngspendingandtaxbills,impeachinghighofficials,anddeterminingwhowillbepresidentiftheElectoralCollegeendsina6e.

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Compare–ContrastGraphicOrganizer

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Compare–ContrastGraphicOrganizer

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Compare–ContrastGraphicOrganizer

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EXPLANATIONS

How(Howaremountainsformed?Howdoesaspiderspinaweb?)Why(Whydosomethingsfloatorsink?Whyistheozonelayergepngthinner?Whydoesirongorusty?Whydolivingthingsneedfood?)

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Explana)on

Thereareanumberofreasonswhy....Themostimportantreasonis…Anotherreasonis…Afurtherreasonis…Soyoucanseewhy…

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Explana)onThereareanumberofreasonswhyeveryone

shouldrecycle.Themostimportantreasonisthatrecyclingreducestheamountofenergyandnaturalresourcesthatweuse.Anotherreasonisthatrecyclingreducestheamountofwastethatendsupinlandfills.AfurtherreasonisthatrecyclingalsoreducestheamountofcarbonthatisemiVedintotheair.Soyoucanseewhyitiscri<calthatallofusincreaseoureffortstorecycle.

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Explana)on-Why

Thereareanumberofreasonswhynon-na<veplantsandanimalsdamagetheGreatLakes.Themostimportantreasonisthatmanyinvasivespeciestakefoodfromna<vespecies.Anotherreasonisthatsomeoftheinvasive,non-na<vespeciesaVachtodocksandtoboats,causinggreatdamage.Afurtherreasonisthatsomenon-na<vespeciesclogwaterpipes,restric<ngthemovementofwatertoindustriesandresidences.Soyoucanseewhyac<onsneedtobetakentoprotecttheGreatLakesfrominvasive,non-na<veplantsandanimals.

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Explana)on

Therearedifferingexplana6onsastowhy…

Oneexplana6onforthisis…

Theevidenceforthisis…

Analterna6veexplana6onis…

Theexplana6onisbasedon…

Ofthealterna6veexplana6ons,Ithinkthemostlikely

is…

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Descrip)on

Whendescribing...,thewordthatcomestomindis...Onereasonis...Anotherreasonis...Finally,...is...because...Thus,...isthebestdescrip6onof...

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Descrip)on(Mys<cHorsebyPaulGoble)

WhendescribingthePawneeboyinMys<cHorse,thewordthatcomestomindiskind.Onereasonisthathewasverykindtohisgrandmother.Hehelpedhertravel,gatherfood,collectdiscardedclothingfortheiruse,andsetupcampeveryday.Anotherreasonisthattheboytookcareofthesickly,oldhorseevenwhenothersthoughtthehorsewasuseless.Finally,hewaskindwhenhegaveahorsetohisgrandmotherandaskedhertogivetheremaininghorsesintheherdtoindividualswhoneededahorse.Hecouldhavechosentokeeptheen<reherdtoincreasehiswealth.Thus,kindisthebestdescrip6onofthePawneeboycalledtheBoyChief.

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CharacterAnalysis

Thecharacter...in...canbestbedescribedas...Thisisevidentwhen......alsoshowsthistraitwhenhe/she...Further,his/her...isevidentwhen...Thus,...isagoodwaytodescribe...

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CharacterAnalysisThecharacterPrinceAlfonsointhestorycalled

Blancaflorcanbestbedescribedashonorableandobedient.ThisisevidentwhenthePrincekepthispromisetoreturntotheLandofNoReturna=erthreeyearsinexchangeforhisfather’shealth.PrinceAlfonsoalsoshowsthistraitwhenhegavetheeaglethegoldenchaininexchangeforpassageoveraravine.Further,hiscommitmenttobeinghonorableandobedientisevidentwhenthePrincecompletedthethreetasksrequiredbyBlancaflor’sfather.Thus,beinghonorableandobedientisagoodwaytodescribePrinceAlfonso.

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CharacterAnalysis

Asignificantpersonalitytraitof...in...isthathe/shewas...Thefirstincidentwhere(orwaythat)thecharacterdemonstratesthistraitwas......alsoshowsthistraitwhenhe/she...Finally,...Showsthathe/sheis...when...Itisclearthatthischaracteris6cmakes...amore(interes6ng,intriguing,compelling,amusing)characterin...

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AnalysisofGraphicThe6tleofthisgraphicis...Thetypeofgraphicis....Itspurposeisto...Onecri6calobserva6onthatImadewas...Thisisimportantbecause...Ireachedanumberofconclusionsthroughmyanalysisofthisgraphic.First,....Second,....Finally,...

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ExampleGraphic–SocialStudiesWesternWorld-HoltSocialStudies

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AnalysisofGraphicThe6tleofthisgraphicisMexico’sTradingPartners.

Thetypeofgraphicisapiegraph.Itspurposeistoconveyinforma<onaboutMexico’simportsandexportsin2005.Onecri6calobserva6onthatImadewasthatMexico’smajortradepartneristheUnitedStates.Thisisimportantbecauseitemphasestheeconomicrela<onshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandMexico,itssouthernneighbor.Ireachedanumberofconclusionsthroughmyanalysisofthisgraphic.First,Mexicohasahigherpercentage(89%)oftheirexportsgoingtotheUSthanthepercentageofimports(63%)comingintoMexicofromtheUS.Second,10%ofMexico’simportscomefromAsiancountries,ChinaandJapan.Finally,itisobviousthatMexico’seconomyisverydependentonMexico’srela<onshipwiththeUnitedStates. 67 68

AnalysisofGraphicThe6tleofthisgraphicisPlutovs.Earth.Thetypeofgraphicisachart.ItspurposeistoshowthedifferencesbetweenPlutoandtheEarth.Onecri6calobserva6onthatImadewasthattheirsurfacesaredifferent.Plutoismostlycoveredbyfrozennitrogenandrock.However,theEarth’ssurfaceismostlycoveredinwaterandland.ThisisimportantbecausetheEarth’ssurfacesupportsplantandanimallife.ThisisnotthesameonPluto.Ireachedanumberofconclusionsthroughmyanalysisofthisgraphic.First,theEarthismuchlargerthanPlutoasindicatedbytheirdiameters(Earth-8,000milesvsPluto-1,400miles).Second,PlutoisagreaterdistancefromtheSunthantheEarthisfromtheSun.Finally,thelengthofadayonPlutoisMUCHlongerthanadayonEarth.OnPluto,adayisabout154hourslong.OntheEarth,adayis24hourslong.

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Process

To...,youneedtofollowthesebasicsteps.First,youneedto…Next…Then…Whenyoufinish,youshouldhave….

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ProcessTodrawananimalusingaphoto,youneedto

followthesebasicsteps.First,youneedtodrawanovalforthebodyoftheanimalandaddi<onalshapestorepresenttheheadandlegsoftheanimal.Next,connecttheshapestoformtheoutlineoftheanimal.Then,drawinaddi<onalfeaturessuchaseyes,ears,claws,etc.Finally,youcansketchindetailssuchashair,eyebrows,andnails.Whenyoufinish,youshouldhaveadrawingthatmirrorstheanimal’sphoto.

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Problem-Solu)onInthisproblem,wewereaskedtofigureout….Someinforma6onwasalreadygivenincluding...and...Whencrea6ngaplantosolvethisproblem,Idecidedtofollowanumberofsteps.First,I….Next,I…Then,I…Finally,I…ABerfollowingthesesteps,Ideterminedthattheanswerwas…Tocheckthisanswer,I…Basedonmyverifica6onoftheanswer,Iamquitecertainthatitisaccurate.

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OPINIONS/ARGUMENTSStudentsaregivenanissueandwriteanopiniononissue.

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Argument

Thoughnoteverybodywouldagree,Iwanttoarguethat...

Ihaveseveralreasonsforarguingthispointofview.

Myfirstreasonis…

Afurtherreasonis…

Furthermore…

Therefore,althoughsomepeoplemightarguethat…

Ihaveshownthat…

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ArgumentThoughnoteverybodywouldagree,IwanttoarguethatAndrewJackson

wasnotthepresidentforthecommonmanthoughhewasthefirstUSpresidentnotbornintoarichfamily.Ihaveseveralreasonsforarguingthispointofview.MyfirstreasonisthatJackson’spoliciescalledfortheremovalofNa<veAmericansfromtheirhomelandsinordertoallowwhiteseVlerstotakeoverna<veterritories.AfurtherreasonisthatwhileJacksonexpandedsuffragetowhitemenwhodidnothaveproperty,vo<ngrightswerenotextendedtowomen.Furthermore,Jacksonwasaplanta<onownerwithatleast150slaves.Therefore,althoughsomepeoplemightarguethatPresidentJackson,our7thPresident,wasthepresidentforthecommonmanbecauseofhisimpoverishedroots,IhaveshownthatJacksonwasNOTthepresidentforNa<veAmericans,women,orAfricanAmericans.

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Opinion

Ithinkthat...Ifeelthiswaybecause...AnotherreasonIfeelthiswayis...Mostimportantly,Ithink...Forthesereasons,Ibelievethat...

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OpinionIthinkthatitwouldhavebeenbeVertobeawomeninSpartathaninAthens.IfeelthiswaybecausewomeninSpartaactuallyhadmorefreedomthanwomeninAthens.AnotherreasonIfeelthiswayiswomeninSpartawereabletoownproperty.InAthens,womencouldonlyinheritpropertyiftheirfather’shadnosons.Mostimportantly,IthinkwhilewomenofAthenswererespectedfortheirroleofbuildingstrongfamilies,womenofSpartaweretaughttobestrongandindependent.Forthesereasons,IbelievethatitwasbeVerforawomentoliveinSpartathaninAthens.

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Argument

Thereisalotofdiscussionaboutwhether…

Thepeoplewhoagreewiththisideaclaimthat…

Afurtherpointtheymakeis…

However,therearealsostrongargumentsagainstthispointofview.

Peoplewiththeopposingviewbelievethat…

Theysaythat…

Furthermore,theyclaimthat…

ABerexaminingthedifferentpointsofviewandtheevidenceforthem,I

think…because…

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ExitTicketName:Direc)ons:Complete_____________ofthesestatements.

1.TodayIlearned…2.Iwassurprisedby…3.ThemostusefulthingIwilltakefromthislessonis...4.OnethingIamnotsureaboutis….5.ThemainthingIwanttofindoutmoreaboutis….6.ABerthissession,Ifeel…7.Imighthavego5enmorefromthislessonif….

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