Shrimps and Prawn of the World

7/24/2019 Shrimps and Prawn of the World

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FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 1

FAO SPECIES CATALOGUE

Vol.1 - SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

OF THE WORLD

An Annotated Catalogue of Speciesof Interest to Fisheries

prepared by

L.B. Holthuis

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

FIR/S125 Vol.1


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FAO Fisheries Synopsis No.125, Volume 1

FIR/S125 Vol.1

FAO SPECI ES CATALOGUE

Vol.1 - SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS OF THE WORLD

An Annotated Catalogue of Speciesof Interest to Fisheries

Prepared by

L.B. HolthuisRijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie

Leiden, The Netherlands

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSRome, 1980


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The designations employed and the presentation

of material in this publication do not imply the

expression of any opinion whatsoever on thepart of the Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations concerning the legal

status of any country, territory, city or area orof its authorities, or concerning the delimitation

of its frontiers or boundaries.

The copyright in this book is vested in the Food and Agriculture Orga-

nization of the United Nations. The book may not be reproduced, in whole

or in part, by any method or process, without written permission from

the copyright holder. Applications for such permission, with a statement

of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired, should be addressed

to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization

of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

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M-42

ISBN 92-5-100896-5

FAO 1980


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PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

The present publication is intended to provide as complete an enumeration as possibleof the species of Decapoda Natantia (shrimps and prawns) that are of interest to fisheries.It actually is the third edition of a list, the first draft of which was prepared by Mr. H.

Rosa, Jr. and circulated in April 1964 as part of the paper "Note on the FAO ScientificMeeting on the Biology of Shrimps and Prawns with a preliminary List of their Species ofEconomic Value and Information on their Distribution" which formed FAO Fish.Circ., (14).The second draft was published in 1965 by L.B. Holthuis and H. Rosa, Jr. under the title"List of Species of Shrimps and Prawns of Economic Value" as FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., (52).During the 1967 FAO World Scientific Conference on the Biology of Shrimps and Prawns heldin Mexico City, the present author was charged with the revision and expansion of this list.The present publication is now presented in fulfillment of that request.

The actual catalogue in its present form was-completed by the author in 1978. Theeditorial work as well as the preparation of the additional section "List of Species byMajor Marine Fishing Areas" and the indices of Latin and vernacular species names werecarried out in the Fishery Resources and Environment Division of FAO, under the supervisionof W. Fischer.

FAO Fisheries DepartmentFAO Regional Fisheries OfficersRegional Fisheries Councils and CommissionsSelector SMSelector SI

Holthuis, L.B.,FAO species catalogue. Vol.1.

1980 Shrimps and prawns of the world.An annotated catalogue of speciesof in te rest to f i sher ies . FAOFish.Synop., (125)Vol. l :271 p.

For bibliographic purposes this documentshould be ci ted as follows:

Dist r ibut ion :

Author

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2, SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF SPECIES

SUBORDER (DECAPODA) NATANTIA 1

INFRAORDER PENAEIDEA 1

SUPERFAMILY PENAEOIDEA

FAMILY SOLENOCERIDAE

Hadropenaeus lucasii (Bate)Haliporoides diomedeae (Faxon)Haliporoides sibogae (De Man)Haliporoides triarthrus StebbingHymenopenaeus aequalis (Bate)

8

Pleoticus muelleri (Bate)

3

Pleoticus robustus (Smith)Solenocera africana Stebbing

9

Solenocera agassizii FaxonSolenocera choprai Natara jSolenocera crassicornis (Milne-Edwards)Solenoceraflorea BurkenroadSolenocerageijskesi HolthuisSolenocerahextii Wood-Mason & Alcock

Solenocera koelbeti De ManSolenoceramembranacea (Risso)Solenocera pectinata (Bate)

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F A MI L Y A R I S T A E I D A E

Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso) 8

Aristaeomorpha woodmasoni CalmanAristeus alcocki Ramadan 9Aristeus antennatus (Risso)Aristeus semidentatus Bate 10

Aristeus varidens Holthuis 10

Aristeus virilis (Bate)

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11

Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus (Johnson) 11

F A MI L Y P E N A E I D A E

Artemesia longinaris Bate

15

Atypopenaeus formosus DallAtypopenaeus stenodactylus (Stimpson)

15

Macropetasma africana (Balss)

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1212

13

13

Metapenaeopsis acclivis (Rathbun) 13

Metapenaeopsisandamanensis (Wood-Mason) 14

Metapenaeopsis barbata (De Haan) 14

Metapenaeopsis borradailei (De Man) 15Metapenaeopsiscrassissima Racek & DallMetapenaeopsisdalei (Rathbun)

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Metapenueopsis goodei (Smith)Metapenaeopsis hilarula (De Man)

Metapenaeopsis 1amellata (De Haan)Metapenaeopsis lata KuboMetapenaeopsis mogiensis (Rathbun)Metapenueopsis novaeguineae (Haswell)Metapenaeopsis palmensis (Haswell)Metapenaeopsis philippi (Bate)Metapenaeopsis rosea Racek & Dal1Metapenaeopsis stridulans (Alcock)Metapenaeopsis toloensis Hall

*Metapenaeus affinis (Milne Edwards)Metapenaeus alcocki George & RaoMetapenaeus bennettae Racek & DallMetapenaeus brevicomis (Milne Edwards)Metapenaeus conjunctus Racek & Dall

Metapenaeus dalli RacekMetapenaeus demani (Roux)Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers)Metapenaeus eboracensis DallMetapenaeus elegans De ManMetapenueus endeavouri (Schmitt)Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan)Metapenaeus insolitus Racek & DallMetapenaeus intermedius (Kishinouye)Metapenueus joyneri (Miers)Metapenaeus kutchensis George, George & RaoMetapenaeus lysianassa (De Man)Metapenueus macleayi (Haswell)Metapenueus monoceros (Fabricius)

Metapenueus moyebi (Kishinouye)Metapenaeus papuensis Racek & DallMetapenaeus stebbingi NobiliMetapenaeus tenuines Kubo

*

.

Parapenaeus australiensis DallParapenaeus fissurus (Bate)Parapenaeus investigatoris Alcock & AndersonParapenaeus lanceolatus KuboParapenaeus longipes AlcockParapenaeus longirostris (Lucas)Parapenaeus sextuberculatus KuboPenaeopsis rectacuta (Bate)

Parapenueopsis acclivirostris AlcockParapenaeopsis arafurica Racek & DallParapenaeopsis atlantica BalssParapenueopsis cornuta (Kishinouye)Parapenaeopsis coromandelica AlcockParapenaeopsis hardwickii (Miers)Parapenaeopsis hungerfordi AlcockParapenaeopsis maxillipedo AlcockParapenaeopsis nana Alcock

Parapenaeopsis probata Hall

Parapenueopsis sculptilis (Heller)Parapenaeopsis stylifera (Milne Edwards)Parapenaeopsis tenella (Bate)Parapenaeopsis uncta AlcockParapenaeopsis venusta De Man

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Penaeopsis serrata Bate

Penaeus (Farfantepenaeus) aztecus IvesPenueus (Farfantepenaeus) brasiliensis LatreillePenaeus (Farfantepenaeus) brevirostris KingsleyPenueus (Farfantepenaeus) californiensis HolmesPenaeus (Farfantepenaeus) duorarum BurkenroadPenaeus (Farfantepenaeus) notialis Prez-FarfantePenueus (Farfantepenaeus) paulensis Prez-FarfantePenaeus (Farfantepenaeus) subtilis Prez-ParfantePenueus (Fenneropenueus) chinensis (Osbeck)Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) indicus Milne EdwardsPenaeus (Fenneropenaeus) merguiensis De ManPenaeus (Fenneropenaeus) penicillatus AlcockPenueus (Litopenaeus) occidentalis StreetsPenaeus (Litopenaeus) schmitti Burkenroad

Penaeus (Litopenaeus) setiferus (Linnaeus)Penaeus (Litopenaeus) stylirostris StimpsonPenaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei BoonePenaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus BatePenaeus (Melicertus) canaliculatus (Olivier)Penueus (Melicertus) kerathurus (Forskl)Penueus (Melicertus)latisulcatus KishinouyePenaeus (Melicertus)longistylus KuboPenaeus (Melicertus) marginatus RandallPenueus (Melicertus) plebejus HessPenaeus (Penaeus) esculentus HaswellPenueus (Penaeus) monodon FabriciusPenaeus (Penaeus) semisulcatus De Haan

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6261

Protrachypene precipua Burkenroad

Trachypenaeus anchoralis (Bate)Trachypenaeus byrdi BurkenroadTrachypenaeus constrictus (Stimpson)Trachypenaeus curvirostris (Stimpson)Trachypenaeus faoe ObarrioTrachypenaeus fulvus Dall Trachypenaeus fuscina Prez-FarfanteTrachypenaeus gonospinifer Racek & DallTrachypenueus granulosus (Haswell)Trachypenaeus pacificus BurkenroadTrachypenaeus sedili HallTrachypenueus similis (Smith)Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller)Xiphopenaeus riveti Bouvier

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FAM I LY SICYONI IDAE 58

Sicyonia brevirostris StimpsonSicyonia burkenroadi CobbSicyonia carinata (Brnnich) 59Sicyona cristata (De Haan)Sicyonia dorsalis Kingsley

61

60Sicyonia galeata Holthuis 60Sicyoniaingentis (Burkenroad)Sicyonia lancifera (Olivier) 61Sicyoniastimpsoni BouvierSicyoniatypica (Boeck)

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SUPERFAMILY SERGESTOIDEA 62

FAM I LY SER G ESTI D AE 62

Acetes americanus Ortmann 63

Acetes australis Colefax 63

Acetes chinensis Hansen 63

Acetes erythraeus Nobili 64

Acetes indicus Milne Edwards 64

Acetes intermedius Omori 65

Acetes japonicusKishinouye 65

Acetes serrulatus (Kryer)

68

66

Acetes sibogae Hansen 66

Acetes vulgaris Hansen 66

Sergetes lucens Hansen 67

INFRAORDER CARIDEA

SU PER FAM I LY OPLOPHOROIDEA

FAM I LY N EM ATO CAR C I N I DAE

Nematocarcinus africanus Crosnier & Forest

FAM I LY ATYI D AE

Atya gabonensis Giebel 69

Atya innocous (Herbst) 69Atya pilipesNewport 69

Atya scabra (Leach) 70

Atya spinipes Newport 71

Atya sulcatipes Newport 71

Caridina africana Kingsley 72

Caridina denticulata (De Haan) 72

Caridina edulis Bouvier 73

Caridina gracilirostris De Man 73

Caridina laevis Heller 73

The Caridina nilotica (Roux) Complex 74

Caridina propinqua De Man 75

Caridina tonkinensis Bouvier 75

Caridina weberi De Man 75

Paratya compressa (De Haan) 76

SUPERFAMILY PASIPHAEOIDEA

FAM I LY PASIPHAEIDA

Glyphus marsupialis Filhol

76

Leptochela gracilis StimpsonPasiphaea japonicaOmoriPasiphaea multidentata EsmarkPasiphaea sivado (Risso)

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Macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herklots)

Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (Milne Edwards)Macrobrachium mammillodactylus (Thallwitz)Macrobrachium mirabile (Kemp)Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan)Macrobrachium ohione (Smith)Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann)Macrobruchium patsa (Coutire)Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man)Macrobrachium raridens (Hilgendorf)Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man)Macrobrachium rude (Heller)Macrobrachium scabriculum (Heller)Macrobrachium sintangense (De Man)Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith)

Macrobrachium trompii (De Man)Macrobrachium villosimanus (Tiwari)Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots)

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119118

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Nematopalaemon hastatus (Aurivillius)Nematopalaemon schmitti (Holthuis)

Nematopalaemon tenuipes (Henderson)

Palaemonadspersus RathkePalaemonconcinnus DanaPalaemonelegans RathkePalaemongravieri (Yu)Palaemon longirostris Milne EdwardsPalaemon macrodactylus RathbunPalaemonmaculatus (Thallwitz)Palaemonnorthropi (Rankin)

Palaemonortmanni RathbunPalaemonpacificus (Stimpson)Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson)Palaemonpaucidens De HaanPalaemonserratus (Pennant)Palaemonserrifer (Stimpson)Palaemonxiphias RissoPalaemonetes kadiakensis Rathbun.Palaemonetes paludosus (Gibbes)Palaemonetes sinensis (Sollaud)Palaemonetes tonkinensis (Sollaud )Palaemonetes varians (Leach)Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say)

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SUPERFAMILY ALPHEOIDEA 118

FAM I LY ALPH EI D AE 118

Alpheus bisincisus De HaanAlpheus brevicristatus De Haan 118Alpheusdigitalis De Haan 119Alpheus euphrosyne De ManAlpheusglaber (Olivi)Alpheusgracilipes StimpsonAlpheus heterochaelis Say 120Alpheus hoplocheles Coutire 121

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Alpheus japonicus Miers 121


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Alpheus spongiarum Coutire

Alpheus stephensoni Banner & SmalleyAlpheus sublucanus (Forskl)

FAMILY OGYRIDIDAE 123

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Ogyrides orientalis (Stimpson) 123

FAMILY HIPPOLYTIDAE 123

Eualus leptognathus (Stimpson)Eualus macilentus (Kryer)Eualus sinensis (Yu)Exhippolysmata ensirostris (Kemp)Exhippolysmata hastatoides (Balss)Exhippolysmata oplophoroides (Holthuis)Heptacarpus brevirostris (Dana)Heptacarpus futilirostris (Bate)Heptacarpus geniculatus (Stimpson)Heptacarpus pandaloides (Stimpson)Latreutes acicularis OrtmannLatreutes anoplonyxKempLatreutes laminirostris OrtmannLatreutes planirostris (De Haan)Lysmata californica (Stimpson)Lysmata seticuadata (Risso)Lysmata vittata (Stimpson)

Spirontocaris lilljeborgii (Danielssen)Spirontocaris spinus (Sowerby)

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FAMILY PROCESSIDAE 131

Processa canaliculata Leach 131

Processa edulis (Risso) 132

SUPERFAMILY PANDALOIDEA 133

F AM IL Y PANDAL IDAE 133

Chlorotocus crassicornis (Costa)Dichelopandalus bonnieriCaulleryHeterocarpoides levicarina (Bate)Heterocarpus dorsalisBateHeterocarpus ensiferMilne EdwardsHeterocarpus gibbosus BateHeterocarpus laevigatus BateHeterocarpus reediBahamondeHeterocarpus sibogae De ManHeterocarpus tricarinatus Alcock & AndersonHeterocarpus vicarius FaxonHeterocarpus woodmasoni AlcockPandalopsis dispar Rathbun

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Pandalopsis japonica Balss

Pandalus borealis KroyerPandalus danae StimpsonPandalus goniurus StimpsonPandalus hypsinotus BrandtPandalus jordani RathbunPandalus kessleri CzerniavskyPandalus montagui LeachPandalus nipponensis YokoyaPandalus platyceros BrandtParapandalus narval (Fabricius)Parapandalus spinipes (Bate)Plesionika acanthonotus (Smith)Plesionika alcocki (Anderson)Plesionika antigai Zariquiey Alvarez

Plesionika edwardsii (Brandt)Plesionika ensis (Milne Edwards)Plesionika gigliolii (Senna)Plesionika heterocarpus (Costa)Plesionika martia (Milne Edwards)Plesionika williamsi Forest

SUPERFAMILY CRANGONOIDEA

FAMILY CRANGONIDAE

Argis lar (Owen)

Crangon affinis De HaanCrangon alaskensis LockingtonCrangon communis RathbunCrangon crangon (Linnaeus)Crangon franciscorum StimpsonCrangon nigricauda StimpsonCrangon nigromaculata LockingtonCrangon septemspinosa Say

Pontocaris lacazei (Gourret)Pontocaris pennata BatePontophilus spinosus (Leach)Sclerocrangon salebrosa (Owen)

. LIST OF SPECIES BY MAJOR MARINE FISHING AREAS 155

. REFERENCES

. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF FAMILY AND SPECIES NAMES

5.1 Scientific Names

5.2 Vernacular Names (international and local)

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1. INTRODUCTION

T h i s c a t a l o g u e i n c l u d e s : ( i ) a l l s p e c i e s k n o w n t o b e u s e d f o r h u m a n c o n s u m p t i o n ,

( i i ) s p e c i e s k n o w n t o b e s o l d f o r b a i t a n d a s s u b - p r o d u c t s , ( i i i ) s p e c i e s n o t c o m m e r c i a l l y

e x p l o i t e d a t p r e s e n t b u t c o n s i d e r e d b y e x p e r t s t o b e o f p o t e n t i a l c o m m e r c i a l v a l u e . T h e

l a s t c a t e g o r y i n c l u d e s d e e p - s e a f o r m s w h i c h d u r i n g e x p l o r a t o r y f i s h i n g c r u i s e s f o u n d t o b e

s u f f i c i e n t l y a b u n d a n t , l a r g e e n o u g h i n s i z e , a n d s u f f i c i e n t l y a c c e s s i b l e t o f i s h i n g g e a r

s o t h a t a f i s h e r y f o r t h e m mi g h t b e p r o f i t a b l e . E d i b l e s p e c i e s f o u n d i n ma r k e t s a s a nadmix tu re to the main ca tch a re inc luded , even i f they on ly make up a neg l ig ib le pe rcen tage

of the catch.

T h e p r e s e n t c a t a l o g u e i s l a r g e l y b a s e d o n d a t a o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e l i t e r a t u r e . S o m e t i m e s

i t h a s p r o v e d v e r y d i f f i c u l t t o e v a l u a t e t h e r e l i a b i l i t y o f p u b l i s h e d d a t a . I t i s q u i t e

u n d e r s t a n d a b l e t h a t a u t h o r s w o r k i n g f a r a w a y f r o m g o o d l i b r a r y f a c i l i t i e s h a v e d i f f i c u l t i e s

i n c o r r e c t l y i d e n t i f y i n g t h e s p e c i e s t h e y e n c o u n t e r i n t h e f i e l d . M o r e o v e r , t h e d i s c o v e r y

o f n e w s p e c i e s , t h e m o r e c o r r e c t d e l i m i t a t i o n o f k n o w n s p e c i e s , o r e v e n t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f

n o m e n c l a t o r a l c h a n g e s , m a y c a u s e c o n f u s i o n a n d l e a d t o t h e u s e o f s c i e n t i f i c n a m e s t h a t a r e

i n c o r r e c t b y m o d e r n s t a n d a r d s , o r a p p l y t o m o r e t h a n o n e s p e c i e s . F o r i n s t a n c e , t h e n a m eM e t a p e n a e u s m a s t e r s i i h a s b e e n u s e d f o r f o u r d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s , a n d w i t h o u t a d d i t i o n a li n f o r m a t i o n ( i . e . t h e l o c a l i t y i n t h i s c a s e ) i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o d e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e s p e c i e s

i s a c t u a l l y m e a n t ; P e n a e u s m e r g u i n s i s h a s s o m e t i m e s b e e n m i x e d u p w i t h P . i n d i c u s , w h i l e

the names Penaeus monodon and P. semisulcatus have been interchanged a t one per iod. Although

g r e a t c a r e w a s e x e r c i s e d i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e p u b l i s h e d i n f o r m a t i o n u s e d i n t h e c a t a l o g u e , s o m e

m i s j u d g e m e n t s a n d i n c o r r e c t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s h a v e u n d o u b t e d l y o c c u r r e d .

A n o t h e r d i f f i c u l t y i s t h a t i n t a x o n o m i c l i t e r a t u r e ( w i t h w h i c h I a m b e s t a c q u a i n t e d )i n f o r m a t i o n o n e c o n o m i c i m p o r t a n c e o f s p e c i e s i s r a t h e r s c a r c e a n d o f a v e r y g e n e r a l n a t u r e .

R e l e v a n t f i s h e r i e s l i t e r a t u r e , b e i n g l e s s f a m i l i a r t o m e , w a s o f t e n d i f f i c u l t t o l o c a t e , a n dn o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e g r e a t h e l p I r e c e i v e d f r o m D r . W . F i s c h e r a n d o t h e r o f f i c i a l s o f F A O i n

o b t a i n i n g s u c h l i t e r a t u r e , I m a y h a v e o v e r l o o k e d i m p o r t a n t i n f o r m a t i o n .

D u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e p r e s e n t c a t a l o g u e h a s t a k e n s u c h a l o n gt i m e , s o m e o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n c l u d e d i n i t m a y b e o u t d a t e d , e s p ec i a l l y w h e n t a k i n g i n t oa c c o u n t t h e v e r y r a p i d d e v e l o p m e n t o f s h r i m p s t o c k a p p r a i s a l a n d e x p l o i t a t i o n i n v a r i o u sw o r l d a r e a s i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e l a s t f e w d e c a d e s .

A p a r t f r o m p u b l i s h e d d a t a , i t w a s p o s s i b l e t o o b t a i n v a l u a b l e d i r e c t i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m

f i e l d w o r k e r s . T o t h i s c o n n e c t i o n , s e v e r a l F A O f i s h e r y p r o j e c t o f f i c e r s , a s w e l l a s f i s h e r y

w o r k e r s f r o m v a r i o u s n a t i o n s , c o n t r i b u t e d g r e a t l y b y f i l l i n g o u t a n d r e t u r n i n g q u e s t i o n -

na i res p repared and d i s t r ibu ted by FAO concern ing sh r imp spec ies o f pa r t i cu la r a reas . These

f i e l d w o r k e r s i n d i c a t e d t h e l i t e r a t u r e u s e d i n t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e s p e c i e s a n d i n m a n yi n s t a n c e s t h e y a l s o s e n t m e s p e c i m e n s , w h i c h p e r m i t t e d c o n f i r m a t i o n o f t h e i r i d e n t i t y .

T h e p r e s e n t c a t a l o g u e i s a r r a n g e d s y s t e ma t i c a l l y . T h e h i g h e s t c a t e g o r y d e a l t w i t h i s t h e

s u b o r d e r N a t a n t i a o f t h e o r d e r C r u s t a c e a D e c a p o d a t o w h i c h a l l s h r i m p s a n d p r a w n s b e l o n g .T h e h e a d i n g f o r e a c h f a m i l y o r s p e c i e s i s f o l l o w e d b y a r e f e r e n c e t o t h e o r i g i n a l p u b l i c a -

t i o n o f t h e f a m i l y o r s p e c i e s n a m e . I n t h e c a s e o f c a t e g o r i e s h i g h e r t h a n f a m i l i e s ( s u b -

o r d e r s , i n f r a o r d e r s a n d s u p r a f a m i l i e s ) t h e h e a d i n g i s f o l l o w e d b y a c i t a t i o n o f t h e a u t h o r w h o f i r s t d e f i n e d t h e l i m i t s o f t h e g r o u p a s n o w a c c e p t e d . T h e p a p e r s i n d i c a t e d i n t h e s er e f e r e n c e s , a s w e l l a s t h o s e o f a u t h o r s g i v e n i n t h e s y n o n y m i e s , a r e n o t n e c e s s a r i l y l i s t e di n t h e b i b l i o g r a p h y .

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T h e i n f o r m a t i o n p e r t a i n i n g t o e a c h s p e c i e s i s a r r a n g e d b y p a r a g r a p h s , a s f o l l o w s :

( 1 ) s y n o n y m y , ( 2 ) v e r n a c u l a r n a m e s , ( 3 ) l i t e r a t u r e , ( 4 ) d i s t r i b u t i o n , ( 5 ) h a b i t a t , ( 6 ) s i z e ,

( 7 ) i n t e r e s t t o f i s h e r i e s , a n d ( 8 ) r e m a r k s .

a s s u c h ; f o r e x a m p l e , t h e s p e c i f i c n a m e m a s t e r s i i i n t h e c o m b i n a t i o n P e n a e u s m a s t e r s i i

H a s w e l l i s a s y n o n y m o f M e t a p e n a e u s e n s i s ( D e H a n n ) , a n d i s l i s t e d i n t h e s y n o n y m y t h e r e ;b u t t h e n a m e m a s t e r s i i h a s a l s o b e e n - i n c o r r e c t l y - u s e d f o r M a l a y a n s p e c i m e n s o f M .

m o y e b i , f o r w e s t e r n A u s t r a l i a n s p e c i me n s o f M . d a l l i , a n d f o r e a s t e r n A u s t r a l i a n s p e c i me n s

o f M . b e n n e t t a e . T h e n a m e m a s t e r s i i i s t h e r e f o r e n o t g i v e n a s a s y n o n y m o f M . m o y e b i , M .

d a l l i a n d M . b e n n e t t a e a s i t h a s b e e n u s e d f o r t h e s e s p e c i e s o n l y b e c a u s e o f i n c o r r e c t

identifications. In such cases, however, usually a short note is added after the list

o f s y n o n y m s , e x p l a i n i n g s u c h i n c o r r e c t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s t h a t h a v e b e e n w i de l y u s e d .

2 . 1 F A O N a m e s : E n g l i s h , F r e n c h a n d S p a n i s h n a m e s f o r e a c h s p e c i e s , t o b e u s e d p r i -

m a r i l y w i t h i n F A O , w e r e s e l e c t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a : ( i ) e a c h n a m e

m u s t a p p l y t o o n e s p e c i e s o n l y , i n a w o r l d w i d e c o n t e x t ; ( i i ) t h e n a m e m u s t c o n f o r m t o

F A O s p e l l i n g n o me n c l a t u r e ; ( i i i ) t h e n a me s h o u l d n o t l e a d t o c o n f u s i o n w i t h c r u s t a c e a n s

o t h e r t h a n s h r i m p s ( i . e . t h e n a m e l a n g o s t i n o u s e d f o r s o m e s h r i m p s i n S p a i n a n d V e n e z u e l a

w a s a v o i d e d b e c a u s e i t a l s o a p p l i e s t o c e r t a i n l o b s t e r a n d g a l a t h e i d s p e c i e s ) . W h e r e v e r

p o s s i b l e , t h e d e n o mi n a t i o n s s e l e c t e d w e r e b a s e d o n v e r n a c u l a r n a me s ( o r p a r t s o f n a me s )

a l r e a d y i n e x i s t e n c e w i t h i n t h e a r e a s w h e r e t h e s p e c i e s i s f i s h e d . F A O n a m e s a r e o f

c o u r s e n o t i n t e n d e d t o r e p l a c e l o c a l s p e c i e s n a m e s , b u t t h e y a r e c o n s i d e r e d n e c e s s a r y

t o o v e r c o m e t h e c o n s i d e r a b l e c o n f u s i o n c a u s e d b y t h e u s e o f a s i n g l e n a m e f o r m a n y d i f -

f e r e n t s p e c i e s , o r s e v e r a l n a m e s f o r o n e s p e c i e s .

2 . 2 L o c a l N a m e s : t h e s e a r e t h e n a m e s u s e d l o c a l l y f o r t h e s p e c i e s . T h e c o u n t r y ( o r

c o u n t r i e s ) w h e r e a n a m e i s i n u s e , i s ( a r e ) c i t e d i n p a r e n t h e s e s ; t h e l a n g u a g e o f t h e

d e n o m i n a t i o n i s o n l y g i v e n w h e r e t h i s i s t h o u g h t t o b e o f p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t ( e . g . w h e n

m o r e t h a n o n e l a n g u a g e i s s p o k e n i n t h e c o u n t r y ) . T h e c a t a l o g u e w a s c o m p i l e d f r o m m a n y

s o u r c e s , b u t i t i s d o u b t l e s s i n c o m p l e t e a n d m a y i n c l u d e s o m e a r t i f i c i a l d e n o m i n a t i o n s ,

a l t h o u g h t h e s e w e r e o m i t t e d a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e . W h e r e a l a r g e n u m b e r o f l o c a l n a m e sa r e u s e d f o r o n e s p e c i e s i n a r e s t r i c t e d a r e a , o n l y t h o s e b e t t e r k n o w n a r e i n c l u d e d ,

b u t i n s u c h c a s e s r e f e r e n c e i s m a d e t o r e l e v a n t l i t e r a t u r e f o r t h e o t h e r s . W h e n m o r et h a n o n e n a m e i s u s e d w i t h i n a c o u n t r y , t h e o f f i c i a l n a m e , o r i n i t s a b s e n c e , t h e b e s t

k n o w n , i s c i t e d f i r s t .

( 3 ) L i t e r a t u r e : r e f e r e n c e i s m a d e t o t h o s e p a p e r s t r e a t i n g t h e s p e c i e s e x t e n s i v e l y

( e . g . S p e c i e s S y n o n y m s o f F A O , C S I R O , e t c . ) o r g i v e n a h e l p f u l a c c o u n t o f i t .

( 4 ) D i s t r i b u t i o n : t h e e n t i r e k n o w n g e o g r a p h i c r a n g e o f t h e s p e c i e s i s g i v e n , i n c l u d i n g

a r e a s w h e r e i t i s o f n o c o m m e r c i a l v a l u e .

( 5 ) H a b i t a t : t h e k n o w n d e p t h r a n g e o f t h e s p e c i e s , a n d i n f o r m a t i o n o n t y p e s o f s u b -

s t r a t e , s a l i n i t y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e o f i t s h a b i t a t a r e g i v e n h e r e . I n m o s t i n s t a n c e s , t h i s

i n f o r m a t i o n i s r a t h e r i n c o m p l e t e .

( 6 ) S i z e : t h e k no w n t o t a l l e ng t h , a s w e l l a s t h e k n o w n c a r a p a c e l e n g t h o f b o t h m a l e s

a n d f e m a l e s a r e p r o v i d e d w h e r e p o s s i b l e . T o t a l l e n g t h i s m e a s u r e d f r o m t h e t i p o f t h e r o s -

t r u m t o t h e e x t r e m i t y o f t h e t e l s o n , b u t d u e t o t h e c u r v a t u r e o f t h e b o d y t h i s m e a s u r e m e n t

u s u a l l y i s n o t v e r y a c c u r a t e . T h e c a r a p a c e l e n g t h g e n e r a l l y i n c l u d e s t h e r o s t r u m , b u t v e r y

of ten the ac tua l ex ten t o f th i s l eng th (whe the r measured f rom the t ip o f the ros t rum or f rom

t h e p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n o f t h e o r b i t t o t h e p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n o f t h e c a r a p a c e ) i s n o t i n d i c a t e d

(1 ) Synonymy : o n l y t r u e s y n o n y m s o f t h e v a l i d s p e c i e s n a m e a r e l i s t e d . I n a f e w

c a s e s - w h e r e p e r t i n e n t - i n c o r r e c t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s a r e m e n t i o n e d , b u t a l w a y s i n d i c a t e d

(2) Vernacular Species Names:


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i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e . W h e r e t o t a l a n d c a r a p a c e l e n g t h s a r e b o t h g i v e n , t h e r e s p e c t i v e f i g u r e s

d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y p e r t a i n t o t h e s a me s p e c i me n s b u t ma y h a v e b e e n o b t a i n e d f r o m d i f f e r e n t

s o u r c e s . A s o f t e n t h e a v a i l a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e s i z e a t t a i n e d b y s o m e s p e c i e s i s v e r y

m e a g r e , t h e m a x i m u m s i z e c i t e d h e r e m a y b e w e l l b e l o w t h e a c t u a l m a x i m u m s i z e .

( 7 ) I n t e r e s t t o F i s h e r i e s : t h i s p a r a g r a p h g i v e s a n a c c o u n t o f t h e a r e a s w h e r e t h e

s p e c i e s i s f i s h e d a n d o f t h e n a t u r e o f t h e f i s h e r y ; i t s i m p o r t a n c e i s e i t h e r e s t i m a t e d

( m i n o r , m o d e r a t e , m a j o r , o r p o t e n t i a l ) o r a c t u a l f i g u r e s o f a n n u a l l a n d i n g s a r e p r o v i d e d .D a t a o n u t i l i z a t i o n ( f r e s h , d r i e d , c o o k e d , f r o z e n , c a n n e d , e t c . ) a r e a l s o g i v e n w h e r e

a v a i l a b l e . H e r e t o o , t h e q u a l i t y a n d q u a n t i t y o f t h e a v a i l a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n v a r y c o n -

s i d e r a b l y w i t h t h e s p e c i e s .

( 8 ) R e m a r k s : i m p o r t a n t i n f o r m a t i o n c o n c e r n i n g t h e s p e c i e s a n d n o t f i t t i n g i n a n y o f

t h e p r e v i o u s p a r a g r a p h s i s g i v e n h e r e . F o r i n s t a n c e , i n s o m e c a s e s t h e s c i e n t i f i c n a m e

u s e d i n t h e p r e s e n t c a t a l o g u e , a l t h o u g h n o m e n c l a t u r a l l y c o r r e c t , i s n o t t h e b e s t k n o w n .

T h e r e a s o n s f o r s u c h c h a n g e s ( e . g . M e t a p e n a e u s b u r k e n r o a d i K u b o , 1 9 5 4 t o M . m o y e b i

( K i s h i n o u y e , 1 8 9 6 ) ; P e n a e u s o r i e n t a l i s K i s h i n o u y e , 1 9 1 8 t o P . c h i n e n s i s ( O s b e c k , 1 7 6 5 ) ;

T r a c h y p e n a e u s f a o e a L o e s c h & A v i l a , 1 9 6 9 t o T . f a o e a O b a r r i o , 1 9 5 4 ) a r e a l s o g i v e n i n

t h i s p a r a g r a p h .

Because o f the ex i s t ing confus ion in the use o f the names "sh r imp" and "p rawn" , i t

s e e ms u s e f u l t o d r a w s o me a t t e n t i o n t o t h i s p r o b l e m. I t i s i mp o s s i b l e t o g i v e a s h o r t

d e f i n i t i o n o f e i t h e r n a m e , a s i n d i f f e r e n t r e g i o n s t h e s e t e r m s a r e u s e d f o r d i f f e r e n t

an imals o r an im al g roups , and even wi th in a s ing l e reg ion the usage i s no t co ns i s ten t .

Bo th t e rms o f course have o r ig ina ted in Grea t Br i t a in . There "sh r imp" s tands fo r members

o f t h e f a m i l y C r a n g o n i d a e ( C r a n g o n c r a n g o n b e i n g t h e " C o m m o n S h r i m p " ) , w h i l e t h e t e r m

" p r a w n " i s u s e d f o r s p e c i e s o f P a l a e m o n i d a e (P a l a e m o n s e r r a t u s b e i n g t h e " C o m m o n P r a w n " ) .

Bu t a l so Crus tacea no t be long ing to these two fami l i e s a re o f ten ind ica ted as sh r imps and

p r a wn s , a n d h e r e t h e d i f f i c u l t y s t a r t s . T h e t e r m p r a w n i s t h e n u s u a l l y e mp l o y e d f o r t h el a r g e r f o r m s ( o f t e n t h o s e t h a t a r e m o r e l a t e r a l l y c o m p r e s s e d a n d h a v e a w e l l - d e v e l o p e d

ros t rum) , so P anda l us mont agu i Leach i s known as "Aesop Prawn" and even Ne phro ps norv eg i cus

( L . ) i s s o m e t i m e s i n d i c a t e d a s " D u b l i n B a y P r a w n " . T h e t e r m " s h r i m p " i s c o m m o n l y u s e d f o r

t h e s m a l l e r f o r m s ( o f t e n d o r s o v e n t r a l l y d e p r e s s e d a n d w i t h a p o o r l y d e v e l o p e d r o s t r u m ) :

t h e n a me "O p o s s u m s h r i mp s " i s g i v e n t o t h e My s i d a c e a , "S k e l e t o n s h r i mp s " t o t h e C a p r e l l i d a e

w h i l e f o r i n s t a n c e G o r d o n ( 1 9 5 8 , N a t u r e ( L a n d . ) , 1 8 2 : 1 1 8 6 ) r e f e r r e d t o T h e r m o s b a e n a a s " at h e r mo p h i l o u s s h r i mp f r o m T u n i s i a " . E v e n i n E n g l a n d t h e u s e o f t h e t w o t e r ms i s n o t c o n -s i s t e n t , s o P a n d a l u s m o n t a g u i i s n o t o n l y r e f e r r e d t o a s " A e s o p P r a w n " , b u t s o m e t i m e s a l s oa s " A e s o p S h r i m p " o r " P i n k S h r i m p " , w h i l e t h e m y s i d P r a u n u s f l e x u o s u s ( O . F . M l l e r ) [ t h e

g e n e r i c n a m e P r a u n u s L e a c h , 1 8 1 4 , i t s e l f i s a l a t i n i z a t i o n o f t h e w o r d " p r a w n " ] , i s k n o w n

n o t h a s "C h a me l e o n S h r i mp " ( e . g . E a l e s , 1 9 5 0 , L i t t o r a l F a u n a o f G r e a t B r i t a i n , e d . 2 , p . 1 2 2 )

a n d " C h a m e l e o n P r a w n " ( e . g . I n g l e , 1 9 6 9 , A G u i d e t o t h e S e a S h o r e , p . 9 5 ) .

Summar iz ing , we may say tha t in Grea t Br i t a in the t e rm "shr imp" i s the more genera l o f

t h e t w o , a n d i s t h e o n l y t e r m u s e d f o r C r a n g o n i d p e a n d m o s t s m a l l e r s p e c i e s . " P r a w n " i s t h e

more spec ia l o f the two names , i t be ing used so le ly fo r Pa laemonidae and l a rge r fo rms , never f o r t h e v e r y s m a l l o n e s .

I n N o r t h A m e r i c a t h e n a m e " p r a w n " i s p r a c t i c a l l y o b s o l e t e a n d i s a l m o s t e n t i r e l y r e -

p l a c e d b y t h e w o r d " s h r i m p " , e v e n t h e s p e c i e s o f P a l a e m o n i d a e , l i k e t h o s e o f P a l a e m o n e t e s( " G r a s s S h r i m p s " ) a n d M a c r o b r a c h i u m ( " R i v e r S h r i m p s " ) , a r e u s u a l l y i n d i c a t e d a s s h r i m p s .

I f t h e n a m e p r a w n i s u s e d a t a l l h e r e , t h i s s e e m s t o b e d o n e o n l y f o r t h e s m a l l e r P a l a e -

m o n i d s a n d A t y i d s , w h i c h , e . g . i n P e n n a k ' s ( 1 9 5 3 , p . 4 5 1 ) " F r e s h w a t e r I n v e r t e b r a t e s o f t h eU n i t e d S t a t e s " , a r e i n d i c a t e d a s " F r e s h w a t e r p r a w n s " . W h e r e i n E n g l a n d t h e w o r d " p r a w n "d e n o t e s t h e l a r g e r N a t a n t i a ( t h e E n g l i s h O x f o r d d i c t i o n a r y d e f i n e s p r a w n a s " a m a r i n ec r u s t a c e a n - l i k e l a r g e s h r i m p " ) ; i n A m e r i c a , i f u s e d , i t r e f e r s t o t h e s m a l l s p e c i e s ( t h eA me r i c a n We b s t e r d i s t i o n a r y g i v e s a s d e f i n i t i o n o f p r a w n "a s ma l l c r u s t a c e o u s a n i ma l o f t h e

s h r i m p f a m i l y " ) . A l t h o u g h i n b o t h B r i t a i n a n d N o r t h A m e r i c a , s h r i m p i s t h e m o r e g e n e r a l

t e r m ( i n A m e r i c a f a r m o r e s t r o n g l y s o t h a n i n B r i t a i n ) , t h e u s a g e o f t h e t e r m " p r a w n " i sa l m o s t t h e d i r e c t o p p o s i t e i n t h e t w o r e g i o n s , d e n o t i n g i n B r i t a i n t h e l a r g e r p a l a e m o n -l i k e a n i m a l s , i n A m e r i c a t h e s m a l l e r o n e s .


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I n S o u t h A f r i c a t h e l a r g e r N a t a n t i a , s t a r t i n g w i t h M a c r o b r a c h i u m a n d i n c l u d i n g t h e

P e n a e i d a e a r e c a l l e d " p r a w n s " , t h e s m a l l e r f o r m s ( i n c l u d i n g P a l a e m o n s p e c i e s ) a r e i n d i -

c a t e d a s s h r i m p s . T h i s s e e m s t o b e m o r e o r l e s s a l s o t h e s i t u a t i o n i n f o r m e r B r i t i s h

c o l o n i e s i n A s i a , w h e r e t h e s p e c i e s o f M a c r o b r a c h i u m a n d t h e P e n a e i d a e a r e c a l l e d p r a w n s ,

a n d s m a l l e r s p e c i e s l i k e C a r i d i n a a n d A c e t e s s h r i m p s . A s h a r p d i v i s i o n c a n n o t b e m a d e

h e r e e i t h e r , s o C h u a n g ( 1 9 6 1 , o n M a l a y a n S h o r e s , p . 1 8 1 , p l . 8 0 ) u s e d t h e n a m e s " S n a p p i n g -p r a w n " a n d " P i s t o l - p r a w n " f o r A l p h e i d s .

I n A u s t r a l i a a n d N e w Z e a l a n d t h e C r a n g o n i d a e a r e c a l l e d s h r i m p s , t h e P a l a e m o n i d a e

( e v e n t h e s m a l l s p e c i e s ) a n d P e n a e i d a e , p r a w n s . H a l e ( 1 9 2 7 , T h e C r u s t a c e a n s o f S o u t h

A u s t r a l i a ) l i s t e d f u r t h e r m o r e t h e P r o c e s s i d a e a n d A t y i d a e a s s h r i m p s , t h e H i p p o l y t i d a e ,

A l p h e i d a e , P a n d a l i d a e a n d C a m p y l o n o t i d a e a s p r a w n s . H o w e v e r , s e v e r a l o t h e r A u s t r a l i a na u t h o r s u s e t h e n a m e P i s t o l s h r i m p f o r A l p h e i d a e , w h i l e a l s o t h e m o r e p r a w n - s h a p e d S t e n o p u s

h i s p i d u s i s g i v e n t h e n a m e B a n d e d s h r i m p .

A l l i n a l l t h e s i t u a t i o n i s q u i t e c o n f u s e d , a n d n o w h e r e a s h a r p d i s t i n c t i o n s e e m s t o

b e m a d e b e t w e e n s h r i m p s a n d p r a w n s . I n g e n e r a l o n e c a n s a y t h a t t h e l a r g e r P a l a e m o n i d a e

a n d P e n a e i d a e ( t h u s t h e s p e c i e s t h a t a r e c o m m e r c i a l l y m o s t a t t r a c t i v e ) a r e c a l l e d s h r i m p s

i n A m e r i c a , a n d p r a w n s i n m o s t o f t h e r e s t o f t h e E n g l i s h - s p e a k i n g w o r l d . T h e w o r d s h r i m p

b e i ng u se d a l mo s t e v e r yw he r e f o r t h e C r a ng o n i d a e an d o t h e r sm a l l f o r ms , b u t ma ny e xc e p t i on s

o c c u r h e r e .

I n F r e n c h , t h e g e n e r a l t e r m " c r e v e t t e " i s q u i t e g e n e r a l l y u s e d f o r b o t h s h r i m p s a n d

p r a w n s a n d f o r t u n a t e l y c a u s e s n o p r o b l e m s . I n S p a n i s h , t h e g e n e r a l t e r m f o r s h r i m p s a n d

p r a w n s i s " c a m a r o n " ( c a m a r a o i n P o r t u g u e s e ) . T h e w o r d " g a m b a " i s l e s s g e n e r a l l y u s e d ;

i n f a c t i t i s a p p l i e d o n l y t o a f e w s p e c i e s . T h e m o s t c o n f u s i n g S p a n i s h t e r m i s " l a n g o s t i n o " .

I n S p a i n , " l a n g o s t i n o " i s t h e o f f i c i a l n a m e f o r P e n a e u s k e r a t h u r u s , i n A r g e n t i n a i t i s

a p p l i e d t o P l e o t i c u s m l l e r i , i n C u b a t o M a c h r o b r a c h i u m s p e c i e s , a n d i n V e n e z u e l a t ov a r i o u s o f t h e l a r g e r s p e c i e s o f s h r i m p s . M o r e o v e r , t h e t e r m " l a n g o n t i n o " i s u s e d i n

C h i l e f o r t w o s p e c i e s o f g a l a t h e i d c r u s t a c e a ( C e r v i m u n i d a j o h n i P o r t e r a n d P l e u r o n c o d e s

m o n o d o n H . M i l n e E d w a r d s ) . T h e s i m i l a r F r e n c h w o r d " L a n g o u s t i n e " s t a n d s f o r N e p h r o p s

n o r v e g i c u s ( L . ) .


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I t i s g r e a t p l e a s u r e t o t h a n k h e r e t h e f o l l o w i n g p e r s o n s w h o s e n t i n c o m p l e t e d F A O

q u e s t i o n n a i r e s a n d s o g r e a t l y f a c i l i t a t e d m y w o r k a n d m a d e i t m o r e r e l i a b l e ; D r . N a s i m a

M . T i r m i z i ( P a k i s t a n ) , M e s s r s . H a r o l d A . B r u s h e r ( K e n y a ) , H . F . B . C h a m p i o n ( S . A c r i c a ) ,

J u a n L u i s C i f u e n t e s L . ( M e x i c o ) , P e t r n i o A l v e s ( C o l h o ( B r a z i l ) , D a n G o t s h a l l ( C a l i -

f o r n i a , U . S. A . ) , M a r i o S i r i ( U r u g u a y ) , H u b e r t J . A q u ir e s ( fo r C o lo m b i a ) , a n d J u l io V i d al

J . ( f o r C h i l e ) . A w o r d o f s p e c i a l g r a t i t u d e i s d u e t o M r . H . R o s a , J r . , w h o s t a r t e d t h e

p r e s e n t p r o j e c t a n d d i d a l l t h e d i f f i c u l t i n i t i a l s p a d e w o r k f o r i t . A l s o , I a m m o s t

g r a t e f u l t o D r . M . N . M i s t a k i d i s , S c i e n t i f i c S e c r e t a r y o f t h e F A O W o r l d S c i e n t i f i c C o n -

f e r e n c e o n t h e B i o l o g y a n d C u l t u r e o f S h r i m p s a n d P r a w n s , f o r h i s h e l p a n d e n c o u r a g e m e n t

o f f e r e d n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e v e r y l i m i t e d t i m e a v a i l a b l e t o h i m . T h i s l i s t w o u l d n e v e r

h a v e b e e n p u b l i s h e d i f i t w e r e n o t f o r D r . W a l t e r F i s c h e r o f F A O , w h o d u r i n g t w o w e e k s

s t a y a t F A O i n R o m e m a d e e x t e n s i v e p u b l i s h e d a n d u n p u b l i s h e d i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e t o m e ,

d i s c u s s e d w i t h m e t h e d e f i n i t e fo r m a t o f t h e l i s t , a n d f i n a l l y s a w t o i t t ha t i t w a s

p u b l i s h e d .

D r s . I s a b e l P r e z F a r f a n t e , F e n n e r A . C h a c e , J r. , a n d R a y m o n d B . M an n i n g ( a l l o f

W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . ) r e a d a n e a r l y d r a f t o f t h e m a n u s c r i p t a n d g a v e v e r y v a l u a b l e s u g g e s -t i o n s , c o r re c t i o n s a n d a d d i t i o n s , f o r w h i c h I a m d e e p l y g r a t e f u l .

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2. SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF SPECIES

SUBORDER (DECAPODA) NATANTIA Boas, 1880

I N F R A O R D E R P E N A E I D E A R a f i n e s q u e , 1 8 1 5

SUPERFAMILY PENAEOIDEA Rafinesque, 1815

treatises dealing with the species of this superfamily, such as those by Yoshida, 1941 (Korea), Kubo,1949 (Japan), Liu, 1955 (N. China), Cheung, 1960 (Hong Kong), Dall , 1957 (Australia) , Racek & Dall ,1965 (Australia and Indonesia) , Hall , 1962 (Malaya), Ahmad, 1957 (Bangladesh), De Bruin, 1965(Sri Lanka), Jones, 1967, Kurian & Sebastian, 1976 (India) , Tirmizi, 1969, Tirmizi & Bashir , 1973(Pakistan), Crosnier , 1965 (Madagascar) , Hall , 1966 (E. Africa), Barnard, 1950 (South Africa), Monod,1967, Crosnier & de Bondy, 1967 (W. Africa), Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968 (Atlantic coast of Europe andW. Mediterranean), Holthuis & Gottl ieb, 1958 (E. Mediterranean), Will iams, 1965 (North and South-Carolina, U.S.A.) , Joyce, 1965 (Florida, U.S.A.) , Voss, 1955 (Western N. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico),

Davant, 1963 (Venezuela) , Holthuis, 1959 (Surinam), Fausto Filho, 1968 (North and Northeast Brazil) ,Neiva & Mistakidis , 1966 (Central and South Brazil) , Boschi, 1963 (Atlantic South America), Loesch &Avila, 1964 (Ecuador) , Burkenroad, 1938 (Baja California) .

malhaensis Borradaile, 1910; Hymenopenaeus lucasii - Burkenroad, 1936.

FAO Names: Trident shrimp (En), Salicoque trident (Fr), Camarn tridente (Sp).

Li terature: Pirez-Farfante , 1977:327, Figs. 9 ,16,44C,53-55.

f i r s t t w o o f t h e s e a r e t h e l a r g e s t a n d c o n t a i n a l l t h e c o r m n e r c i a l s p e c i e s ; t h e S t e n o p o d i d e a i s t h e

smallest group and, being of no commercial importance, is not further considered here.

Natantia - Boas, 1880, K.Dan.Vidensk.S elsk.Skr. , (6)1(2):2 8,155,164

A l l s h r i m p s a n d p r a w n s c o n s i d e r e d h e r e b e l o n g t o t h e s u b o r d e r N a t a n t i a o f t h e C r u s t a c e a n o r d e r D e c a p o d a . T h i s s u b o r d e r i s d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e i n f r a o r d e r s : P e n a e i d e a , C a r i d e a a n d S t e n o p o d i d e a . T h e

Pe na eid ea - Bate , 188 8, Rep.Voyage Chal lenger , (Zool .) , 24 :2 20

T h e P e n a e i d e a a r e d i v i d e d i n t o t w o s u p e r f a m i l i e s P e n a e o i d ea a n d S e r g e s t o i d e a , w h i c h f o r m e r l y w e r eonly assigned the rank of families. Both superfamilies contain commercially important species.

Penaeoidea - Glaessner , 1969, Moore 's Treat i se Invertebr .Paleonto l . , R4 (2):447

This superfamily consists of four families: Solenoceridae, Aristaeidae, Penaeidae and Sicyoniidae.A key to the most important species of the present superfamily is provided by Anderson & Lindner(1945), who more extensively deal with American species. Furthermore there are several regional

FAMILY SOLENOCERIDAE Wood-Mason, 1891

Solenocerina - Wood-Mason, 1891, Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist., (6)8:275

Five genera of Solenocer idae are of in terest to f i shery. A revision of the family was publ ishedby Prez-Farfante (1977).

Hadropenaeus lucasi i (Bate, 1881) SOLENO Hadr 1

Solenocera lucasi i Bate, 1881, Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist., (5)8:185

Synonymy: Ph i lonicus lucas i i - Ba te , 1888 ; P leot icus lucas i i - Ba te , 1888 ; ? Hal iporus

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Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar to Japan, Indonesia and Hawaii .

Habitat : Depth 180 to 500 m. Marine.

Interest to Fishery: Potential . Crosnier & Jouannic (1973:l l ) l isted the species as "ventuel le-ment commercial isable" on the continental shelf of Madagascar.

Synonymy: Faxonia diomedeae - Bouvier, 1905; Haliporus diomedeus - Bouvier , 1906; Haliporusdiomedeae - De Man, 1911; Hymenopenaeus diomedeae - Burkenroad, 1936.

FAO Names: Chilean knife shrimp (En), Sal icoque couteau (du Chil i) (Fr), Camarn cuchil la (Sp).

Local Names: Gamba roja (Peru), Gamba, Camarn de mar, Camarn de profundidad (Chile).

Literature: Prez-Farfante, 1977:290, Figs. 9,20,24-28 .

Distribution: Eastern Pacific: from Panama (731'30"N) to Chile (3626'S).

Habitat : Depth 300 to 1 360 m. Bottom mud. Marine.

Size: Maximum total length 215 mm , maximum carapace length 101 mm.

Interest to Fishery: Potential . When the difficul t ies involved in the capture of a deep-seaspecies l ike this are resolved, H. diomedeae may become of economic value and invest igat ions to thisend are being undertaken.

FAO Names: Jack-knife shrimp (En), Sal icoque canif (Fr), Camarn cortapluma (Sp).

Local Names: Jack-knife prawn (New Zealand).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar; Japan; South China Sea; Malay Archipelago;Austral ia; New Zealand.

Habitat : Depth 100 to 1460 m, usually between 350 and 600 m. Marine.

( 19

Interest to Fishery: Crosnier & Jouannic (1973:l l ) l isted the species as being "ventuel lementcommercial isable" on the Madagascar continental shelf. It is l isted by Yasuda (1957:30) as of impor-tance in the fishery in the Inland Sea of Japan. Richardson & Yaldwyn (1958:24) indicated the speciesas "commercial ly usable" in New Zealand waters.

SOLENO Hali 1Halip oroid es diomedeae (Faxon, 1893)

Peneo psis diomedeae Faxon, 1893, Bull .Mus .Comp.Zool .Harv.Coll . , 24:212

25.5 mmgure dpasser 12 cm".

( >,,100 mm ; maximum carapace length 18.5 mm ,(Prez-Farfante, 1977:329). Crosnier & Jouannic (1973:l l ) stated that the size "ne semble

Size: Maximum total length 72.5 mm

SOLENO Hali 2Haliporoides s ibogae (De Man, 1907)

Synonymy: Hymenopenaeus sibogae - Burkenroad, 1936; Parahaliporus sibogae - Kubo, 1949.

Haliporus s ibogae De Man, 1907, Notes Leyden Mus., 29:138

Size: Maximum total length 165 mm , 20 0 mm .


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Interest to Fishery: In Argentina the species is the commercial ly most important crustacean.

The annual ca tch ( in met r ic tons) in Argent ina was 100 ( in 1973) , 100 ( in 1974) , 180 ( in 1975) , and151 ( in 1976) . In Uruguay and Brazi l the species is of minor importance. In Argentina i t is soldfresh, frozen and canned; in that country experiments have been undertaken for the aquaculture ofthis species.

Bouvier , 1906.

FAO Names: Royal red shrimp (En), Sal icoque royale rouge (Fr), Camarn rojo real (Sp).

Local Names: Royal red shrimp (U.S.A.), Camarn rojo gigante (Mexico), Camarn real rojo (Cuba),Langost ino ro jo (Venezuela).

Literature: Prez-Farfante, 1977:297, Figs. 9,29-36.

Distribution: Western Atlantic: upper part of the continental slope off the east coast ofAmerica from south of Martha 's Vineyard (Massachuset ts, U.S.A.) to French Guiana.

Habitat : Depth 245 to 730 m. Bottom mud, sandy mud or si l t . Temperature 7 to 13C. Marine.

that there are on the average 26 to 30 shrimps to the pound (Bates, 1957:l l ) .

Interest to Fishery: After a long period of exploratory invest igat ions (since about 1950) i t wasfound that commercial exploi tat ion for P. robustus at sui table grounds in the northeastern Gulf ofMexico, southwest of Dry Tortugas, and off northeastern Florida was possible; since 1962 commercialf i s h e r y i s , b e i t i n t e r m i t t e n t l y , c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e l a t t e r r e g i o n . G r o u n d s s o u t h e a s t o f t h eMississippi River del ta and off the Dry Tortugas are being exploi ted at present . The species has alsobeen taken by trawlers off the coast of Venezuela (Davant , 1963:361). The shrimps are sold whole andpeeled, ei ther fresh or precooked breaded frozen. The annual catch of the species (in metr ic tons) in

the U.S.A. was 300 (1973) , 181 ( in 1974) ,

122 ( in 1975) and 136 ( in 1976) .

synonymized with Solenocera membranacea (Risso), but was shown to be dist inct by Crosnier & Forest(1973) .

Literature: Crosnier & Fores t (1973:270, Fig. 90,91a-c) .

FAO Names: African mud shrimp (En), Solenocre d'Afrique (Fr), Camarn fanguero africano (Sp).

Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: West Africa from Mauri tania to South Africa.

Habitat : Depth 50 to 450 m (juveniles usually in the shal lower waters (50 to 100 m), the adultsat greater depths). Bottom sandy mud.

Size: Maximum total length 138 mm.

Interest to Fishery: Minor. The species is taken together with Parapenaeus longiros tris , but i shardly of commercial importance.

Pleot icus robustus (Smith, 1885)

Hymenopenaeus robustus Smith, 1885, Proc.U.S.Natl .Mus. , 8:180

Synonymy: Peneopsis ocularis Faxon, 1896; Faxonia ocular i s - Bouvier , 1905; Haliporus robustus

Size: Maximum total length 180 mm ( ,),225 mm .1969); maximum carapace length 42 mm and, 61.5 mm (Perez-Farfante , 1977:304) . It is est imated

q), average total length about 130 mm (Klima,

Solenocera africana Stebbing, 1917

Solenocera africanus Stebbing, 1917, Ann.S.Afr.Mus. , 17:32

Synonymy: Solenocera membranacea capensis Heegaard, 1966. The species has often been

SOLENO Soleno 2

SOLENO Pleot 1


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Local Names: Camarn f ide1 (Costa Rica , Panama), Chupaflor (Colombia) , Camarn rojo (Ecuador) ,Camarn rosado (Peru) . These names are a l so used for other , s imi lar spec ies .

Li te ra ture : Faxon, 1895:183, Pl . 47, Fig. 2 .

Dis t r ibut ion: Eastern Pac i f ic : Costa Rica to Ecuador and probably a l so northern Peru.

Habitat : Depth 280 to 384 m. Marine .

occur off Nicaragua .

Local Names: Red prawn (Hong Kong; a l so used for other spec ies of the genus) .

Li te ra ture : Ti rmiz i & Bashi r , 1973:2, Figs . 2-7.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : I n d o - W e s t P a c i f i c : P a k i s t a n ; I n d i a . I f S . a l t i c a r i n a t a i s s y n o n y m o u s , t h e n t h erange of the spec ies extends westward as fa r as the Red Sea and eas tward to Japan and the South ChinaSea.


Size: Ti rmiz i & Bashi r (1973) l i s ted females wi th tota l l ength 75 to 92 mm and carapace length22 to 28.5 mm. Kurian & Sebast ian (1976: l0l ) gave the maximum size as 130 mm.

In t e re s t t o F i she ry : S l i gh t . Kur i an & Sebas t i an (1976: l 0 l ) l i s t ed t he spec i e s among t he Ind i anprawns of commercial importance, but indicated that specimens were only obtained in st ray catches inthe Arabian Sea . Al though Ti rmiz i & Bashi r (1973: l ) ment ioned tha t the i r Penaeid mater ia l was "most lyobta ined from the Fish Market of Karachi" , thi s i s not spec i f ica l ly s ta ted for the present spec ies .

Remarks: Solenocera al t icar inata Kubo i s considered by Ti rmiz i & Bashi r (1973) a synonym of S. chopra i , b u t S t a ro bo g a to v (1 97 2 : 36 1 -3 63 ,3 82 ) t r ea ted t he t w o a s d i f f e ren t s pec i e s . Bu rk enr oad

(1959:71) ass igned Red Sea spec imens of S. al t i car inata to S. koe lbe l i ,

The taxonomic s i tua t ion of these and re la ted spec ies i s qui te confused, and a revis ion of the group i s most des i rable .

Kubo, 1949; Solenocera kuboi Hal l , 1956.

FAO Names: Coastal mud shrimp (En), Salicoque des vases ctires (Fr), Camarn fanguero de orilla (Sp).

Solenocera agassizi i Faxon, 1893

Solenocera agass i z i i Faxon, 1893, Bull .Mus.Comp.Zool.Harv.Coll . , 24:211

FAO Names: Kol ibr i shr imp (En) , Sa l icoque col ibr i (Fr) , Camarn chupaflor (Sp) .

Size: Tota l l ength 149 mm (?);; carapace length 54 mm.

Interes t to Fishery: The species is commercial ly exploi ted off Costa Rica and Panama (Perez-

Farfante, in Lit t . ; see also Vidal & Rosett i , 1971); commercial interest ing quanti t ies seem also to

Solenocera choprai Nataraj , 1945 SOLENO Soleno 4

Solenocera choprai Nataraj , 1945, J.Asiat .Soc.Bengal(Sci .), 11(2):91

Synonymy: ? Solenocera al t icar inata Kubo, 1949.

FAO Names: Ridgeback shr imp (En) , Sa l icoque ba lafre (Fr) , Camarn costurn (Sp) .

Solenocera crass icornis (H, Mi lne-Edwards , 1837)

Penaeus crass icornis H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, Hist .Nat.Crust . , 2:418

Synonymy: Solenocera s inensis Yu, 1937; Solenocera indicus Nataraj , 1945; Solenocera subnuda

SOLENO Soleno 3

SOLENO Soleno 5


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Local Names: Red prawn (Hong Kong; a l so used for other spec ies of the genus) , Udang merah,Udang krosok (Indonesia) ,

Literature: Kubo, 1949:255, Figures (as S. subnuda) ; Kunju, 1970:1317-1333, Figs . 1-3; Ti rmiz i& Bashi r , 1973:11, Fig.10 (as S. indica) .

Dis t r ibut ion: Indo-West Pac i f ic : Pakis tan and India to the Malay Archipe lago, China and Japan.

Habitat : Depth 40 m or less . Bot tom mud. Marine .

Size: Maxim um tota l leng th 60 mm , 140 mm .

Interes t to Fishery: The spec ies i s f i shed for in India : near Bombay (Kunju, 1967:1393;Mohamed, 1967:1416; Kurian & Sebast ian, 1976:101) , and to a lesser extent a long the Visakhapatnamcoasts . Ahmad (1957:15) ment ioned i t among the commercia l spec ies of Bangladesh. I t i s reported a l soas f i shed for a round Hong Kong and in Indonesia ; the f i shery there , however , i s not of grea t impor-tance . Sold fresh.

Local Names: Camarn f ide1 (Costa Rica , Panama), Chupaflor (Colombia) , Camarn rojo (Ecuador) ,Camarn rosado, Camarn peneido (Peru) .

Dis t r ibut ion: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica to northern Peru.


Loesch, 1966:4) .

Literature: Prez-Farfante & Bul l i s , 1973:26, Figs . 15- l8.

Distribution: Western Atlantic: Surinam; French Guiana; northern Braz i l .

Habi ta t : Depth 18 to 70 m. Bot tom mud and sand. Marine .

Size: Maximum tota l l ength 40 mm; maximum carapace length 17 mm.

Interes t to Fishery: Of secondary commercia l importance off the mouth of the Amazon and Tocant insRivers , and off Maranhao (Turiau and So Luis) . Ea ten fresh and used in regional di shes .

Size: Maximum total length 68 mm ,,77 mm (f) ;maximum carapace length 17.2 mm ,

22.8 mm .

Interes t to Fishery: The spec ies i f commercia l ly exploi ted off Costa Rica and Panama (Prez-Farfante , in Li t t . ) . In Ecuador smal l quant i t i es of the spec ies a re obta ined commercia l ly (Cobo &

Solenocera f lorea Burkenroad, 1938 SOLENO Soleno 6

Solenocera f lorea Burkenroad, 1938, Zoologica (New York), 23:64

FAO Names: Flower shr imp (En) , Sa l icoque f leur (Fr) , Camarn picaf lor (Sp) .

Solenocera ge i j skes i Hol thuis , 1959

Solenocera ge i j skes i Holthuis, 1959, Zool.Verh.Leiden, 44:56

FAO Names: Guiana mud shr imp (En) , Sa l icoque guyanaise (Fr) , Camarn guayans (Sp) .

Solenocera hex t i i Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 SOLENO Soleno 8

Solenocera hex t i i Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891, Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist . , (6)7:188

SOLENO Soleno 7


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FAO Names: Deep-sea mud shrimp (En), Salicoque des vases profondes (Fr), Camarn fanguero de altura (Sp).

Literature: Tirmizi & Bashir , 1973:7, Figs. 8,9.

Distr ibution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden to Bay of Bengal.

Habitat: Depth 120 to 505 m. Marine.

Interest to Fishery: Potential . Kurian & Sebastian (1976:l0l) l isted the species among the

Indian prawns of commercial importance, but stated that "deep-water explorations at 150 to 200 fathoms[= 274 to 366 m] have caught [ the species] in varying numbers, but never in large quantit ies. Thelarge size is attractive to commerce".

FAO Names: Chinese mud shrimp (En), Salicoque chinoise de vase (Fr) , Camarn fanguero chino (Sp).

Local Names: Hung ha, Red prawn (Hong Kong; the names used also for other species of the genus).

Literature: Kubo, 1949:237, Figures (as S. depressa ) .

Distr ibution: Indo-West Pacific: Korea, Japan and Hong Kong to the Gulf of Tonkin. Alsoreported from the Arafura Sea, Indonesia (Purwito, 1972:651).


Interest to Fishery: Mentioned by Yoshida (1941:17),

under the name S. dist incta (De Haan), aseconomically important in Korea. Motoh (1977:3) l ist ed this specie s, as S . depressa in his l ist of "shrimps with commercial value" and reported i t from Hong Kong on the authority of Cheung (1960).Cheung, however, did not make any mention that the species is of commercial importance. Muthu (1971:145) reported material of what he considered S. melantho De Man, 1907, from commercial catches madeoff the east coast of India (Visakhapatnamand Kakinada); he synonymized De Man's species with S . depressa .

I f Muthu ' s i n t e rp re t a t ion i s co r r ec t , t he name S . me lan tho De Man , 1907 , t akes p r ece-dence over S. koelbeli De Man, 1911.

Synonymy: Peneus siphonoceros Philippi, 1840; Solenocera philippii Lucas, 1849; Solenocerasiphonocera - Caullery, 1896.

(de1 Atlntico) (Sp).FAO Names: Atlantic mud shrimp (En), Salicoque des vases (de 1'Atlantique) (Fr) , Gamba de fango

Distr ibution: Eastern Atlantic: from Ireland to West Africa; entire Mediterranean.

Habitat: Depth 20 to 700 m, most common between 50 and 450 m. Bottom mud. Marine.


SOLENO Soleno 1

Solenocera koelbeli De Man, 1911 SOLENO Soleno 9

Solenocera koelbeli De Man, 1911, Siboga Exped.Mon., 39(a):7,45,48,50,51

Synonymy: Solenocera depressa Kubo, 1949.

Size: Total length 57.5 to 88 mm , 55 to 76 mm ; carap ace length 16 mm , 16 to

Solenocera membranacea (Risso, 1816)

Peneus membranaceus Risso, 1816, Hist .Nat.Crust .Nice: 3:98

Size: Total length 55 mm ,, 109 to 138 mm (George, 1966:338). Tirmizi & Bashir (1973)gave as total length 32 to 35 mm and as carapace length 10 to 20 mm.

22 mm .

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Interest to Fishery: In the Gulf of Genoa, I taly, the species is f ished by "piropescherecci" ata depth of 150 to 400 m (Brian, 1941:9). In Tunisian waters i t is "pche en assez peti tes quantits"

by trawlers (Heldt, 1933:42). Zariquiey Alvarez (1968:50) indicated that the species "se captura enabundancia para su consumo" in Spanish Mediterranean waters. Sti l l the Species seems to be of muchless importance that the other Mediterranean penaeids l isted here. On the West African coast thespec ies i s t aken wi th Parapenaeus long iros t r i s , bu t i s ha rd ly o f commerc ia l impor t ance the re ; t heWest African material may belong to S. africana Stebbing, 1917, a species often confused withS. membranacea.

FAO Names: Comb shrimp (En), Salicoque peigne (Fr) , Camarn peine (Sp).

Literature: De Man, 1911:7,45; De Man, 1913, P1. 4, Fig. 11; De Man, 1922:4, Pl. 1, Fig. 2.

Distr ibution: Indo-West Pacific: from East Africa and the Arabian Sea to the Malay Archipelagoand the South China Sea, perhaps as far as Japan.

Habitat: Depth 15 to 118 m. Bottom mud, sand or coral . Marine.

Interest to Fishery: Minor or nil . Kurian & Sebastian (1976:l0l) l isted the species among theIndian prawns of commercial importance, obtained at the southwest coast of India, but they statedthat the species is only found in small numbers and that the small size of the specimens make themcommercially unattractive, Muthu (1971:146) reported the species from commercial catches landed atVisakhapatnam and Kakinada (east coast of India) .

This family contains three genera of commercial ly impor tant shr imps: Aristaeomorpha , Aristeus andPl esiopenaeus , all of which occur in deep waters.

g ig l io l iana Wood-Mason , 1892 ; P les iopenaeus fo l iaceus - Faxon , 1895 ; A r is taeomorpha med i terraneaAdensamer, 1898; ? Aristeus japonicus Yokoya, 1933. Several records of Ar istaeomorpha rostridentatafrom the Indo-West Pacific do not pertain to the present species but to A. woodmasoni (see there) .

FAO Names: Giant red shrimp (En), Gambon rouge (Fr) , Gamba espaola (Sp).

Local Names: Langostino moruo (official Spanish name), Gamba roja, Chorizo (Spain), Crevetterouge, Gra nde creve tte rouge (France), Gambaru de fundu (Monaco), Ammiru cani, U patri di ammiru,Ammiru turcu (Sici ly , I ta ly) , Gambero rosso ( I ta ly) , Gar ida (Greece) , Ar iston adorn ( Israel ) , RoteGarnele (Germany; vid . Luther & Fiedler , 1967:121) ; Langost ino rojo (Venezuela) , Royal red prawn(New Zealand).

Solenocera pectinata (Bate, 1888)

Philonicus pectinatus Bate, 1888, Rep.Voyage Challenger , (Zool.), 24:279

Synonymy: Philonicus cervicalis Zehntner, 1894; ? Solenocera pectinulata Kubo, 1949.

FAMILY ARISTAEIDAE Wood-Mason, 1891

Ari s t ae ina - W ood-Mason , 1891 , Ann .Mag .Na t .H i s t . , (6 )8 :278

Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827)

Peneus fo l iaceus Ri sso , 1827 , H i s t .Na t .Eu r .Mr id . , 5 :69

Synonymy: Penaeus meridionalis Hope, 1851 (nomen nudum); Aristeus foliaceus - Smith, 1885;? A r i s t e u s r o s t r i d e n t a t u s B a t e , 1 6 8 8 ; P e n a e o p s i s f o l i a c e u s - O r t m a n n , 1 8 9 0 ; A r i s t a e o m o r p h a

Size: Total length 26 to 50 mm , 26 to 54 mm ; maximum carapace length almost 16 mm.Kurian & Sebastian (1976:l0l) gave the maximum length as 75 mm.

ARIST ARIS 1

SOLENO Soleno 10

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Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to N.W. Africa and the entire Mediterranean.

Western Atlantic: South of Massachusetts to the Straits of Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea,

and At lant ic Ocean of f Venezuela . Indo-West Paci f ic : East Afr ica to Japan, New Zealand and Fi j i .

The Indo-West Paci f ic records may per tain to a dist inct species, A. rostr identata (Bate , 1888) , whichis usual ly ident i f ied wi th A. fo l iacea ; however , some records of A. ros tridentata do per ta in to ther e l a t e d A . w o o d m a s o n i C a l m a n ( s e e t h e r e ) .

Habi tat : Depth 250 to 1 300 m. Bot tom mud. Mar ine.

Size: Maximum total length 170 mm , 225 mm .

In t e r es t t o F i shery : Most ly f i shed fo r a t dep ths be tween 250 and 700 m, the spec ies i s ob ta inedby c omme rc ia l d eep- s ea t ra wle r s o f f t he Medi t e r r an ean co as t s o f Spa i n , F ra nce , I t a ly , Alger i a a nd

I s r a e l . O f f V e n e zu e l a th e s p ec i e s i s c o ns i d e r ed t o b e o f " v a l or c o me r c i al . . . . i n ne g ab l e"(Davant , 1963:38) . Longhurst (1970:299) ment ioned that A. fol iacea i s landed at Durban, South Afr ica,

wi thou t ind ica t ing the commerc ia l impor t ance o f the spec ies the re . Crosn ie r & Jouann ic (1973 :12)c o n s i d e r e d t h e s p e c i e s " v e n t u e l l e m e n t c o n u n e r c i a l i s a b l e " o n t h e c o n t i n e n t a l s h e l f o f M a d a g a s c a r .Richardson & Yaldwyn (1958:25) indicated A. foliacea as "commercially usable" in New Zealand waters(see also Anon. , 1964:5,9 , Fig . 3) ; in 1972 one t rawler was in operat ion of f N.E. New Zealand f ishingfor th is species. A. fo l iacea i s sold f resh or f rozen.

Remarks : As a l r eady po in ted ou t above the Indo-West Pac i f i c r ecords o f the p resen t spec iesp e r t a i n t o a f o r m d e s c r i b e d o r i g i n a l l y a s A . r o s t r i d e n t a t a , w h i c h i s u s u a l l y s y n o n y m i z e d w i t h

A . f o l i a c e a , b u t t h e s t a t u s o f w h i c h i s n o t y e t p e r f e c t l y c l e a r . N e x t t o A . r o s t r i d e n t a t a(= ? A . fo l iacea ) a second species occurs in the Indo-West Paci f ic region; th is species A. woodmasoni ,which i s de f in i t e ly d i f f e r en t f rom A . f o l iac ea , has been incor r ec t ly r epor t ed upon by some au thor s as

A . r o s t r i d e n t a t a ( s e e b e l o w ) .

ARIST Aris 2

FAO Names: Ind ian r ed sh r imp (En) , Gambon ind ien (F r ) , Gamba ro ja ind ia (Sp) .

L i t e r a t u r e : A l c o c k , 1 9 0 1 : 3 9 ( a s A r i s t a e u s ( A r i s t a e o m o r p h a ) r o s t r i d e n t a t u s B a t e ) ; K e m p &S e w e l l , 1 9 1 2 : 1 7 , P l . I, F ig . 6 ( a s A . r o s t r i d e n t a t a ) .

D i s t r i b u t i o n : I n d o - W e s t P a c i f i c : A r a b i a n S e a ; B a y o f B e n g a l ; A n d a m a n S e a ,

Habi tat : Depth 330 to 500 m. Mar ine.


Interest to Fishery: Minor . Listed by Kur ian & Sebast ian (1976:95) as commercial ly impor tant inI n d i a ; b u t t h e y r e m a r k e d " o b t a i n e d o n l y i n s m a l l n u m b e r s " .

R e m a r k s : T h i s s p e ci e s h a s o f t e n , e s p e ci a l l y b e f or e 1 9 2 5 , b e e n i n c o rr e c t l y i n di c a t e d w i t h t h ename Ar istaeomorpha ros tr identata (Bate) , The la t ter species, which was or iginal ly descr ibed f rom theIndo-West Paci f ic region, i s usual ly synonymized wi th A . fo l iacea ( see there) .

FAO Names: Arabian red shr imp (En) , Gambon d 'Arabie (Fr) , Gamba roja arbiga (Sp) .

D i s t r i b u t i o n : I n d o - W e s t P a c i f i c : . G u l f o f A d e n ; A r a b i a n S e a ; I n d i a ; B a y o f B e n g a l .

Habi tat : Depth 270 to 1 086 m. Bot tom mud. Mar ine.

Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938

Ar isteus alcocki Ramad an, 1938, Sci .Rep.John Murray Exped., 1933-34, 5:40

Ar is ta eo mo rp ha wo od ma son i Calman, 1925

Ar is ta eo mo rp ha wo od -mas on i Calman, 1925, Rep.Fish.Mar.Biol .Surv.Union S.Afr. , 4:8

ARIST Arist 2


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Size: Maximum total length 150 mm, average length 110 mm , 140 mm .

In t e r e s t t o F i sh e ry : P o t e n t i a l . T h e sp e c i e s i s l i s t e d b y K u r i a n & S e b a s t i a n (1 9 7 6 : 9 5 ) a m o n g

(poten t i a l l y ) commerc i a l ly impor t an t p rawns in S .W. Ind ia , where the spec i es was ob ta ined in smal l

numbers dur ing explora tory t rawl ing .

Synonymy: Syc ion ia duvernoi i R i sso , 1844 (nomen nudum).

FAO Names: B lue and red shr imp (En) , Creve t t e rouge . (Fr ) , Gamba rosada (Sp) .

Loca l Names: Gamba rosada (of f i c i a l Spani sh name) , Chor i zo b l anco , Gamba a l i st ada , Carab inero

(Spain) , Creve t t e rouge (France) , Gambaru de fundu (Monaco) , Gambero rosso ch ia ro ( I t a ly ) , Gnbaoro s su -c i e o (G e n o v a , I t a l y ) , A m m i ru c a n i (S i c i l y , I t a l y ) , G a m b l i r o s s i (Ma l t a ) , G a r i d a (G re e c e ) ,Ar i s t i t ( I s rae l ) .

Dist r ibut ion: Eas t e rn At l an t i c : Por tuga l t o t he Cape Verde Is l ands ; en t i re Medi t e r ranean .

Habi tat : Depth 200 to 1 440 m. Bot tom sof t mud. Mar ine .


In t e r e s t t o F i sh e ry : T h e sp e c i e s i s h i g h l y e s t e e m e d a s fo o d . I t i s f i sh e d fo r b y d e e p - se at r a w l e r s o f f N . W. A f r i c a a n d a l o n g t h e Me d i t e r r a n e a n c o a s t s o f S p a i n , F ra n c e , I t a l y a n d Ma l t a . I t i sa l so t aken by Is rae l t rawlers , but less commonly so than Ar is taeomorpha fo l iacea , whi le in the WesternMedi t e r ranean the oppos i t e i s t rue . The spec i es i s so ld f resh .

Synonymy: Hemipenaeus semidentatus - Ba te , 1888 .

FAO Names: Smooth red shr imp (En) , Gambon l i sse (Fr ) , Gamba ro j a l i sa (Sp) .

Dist r ibut ion: Indo-West Pac i f i c : Madagascar ; Arab ian Sea ; Malay Archipe l ago; near KermadecIs l ands ; Hawai i .

Habi tat : Depth 180 to 1 100 m. Bot tom mud. Marine.


In t e r e s t t o F i sh e ry : P o t e n t i a l . S o f a r t h e sp e c i e s i s n o t y e t c o m m e rc i a l l y e x p l o i t e d , b u t s e v e ra lauthors (e .g. , Jones,1967:1337 and Kurian & Sebastian, 1976:95) pointed to i ts commercial potential in viewof the fac t t ha t i t was ob ta ined in fa i r l y g rea t numbers a t exp lora tory c ru i ses o f f Cochin , S .W. Ind ia .

ARTIST Arist 4

Ar is teus varidens Hol thu i s , 1952 , Rul t .Sci .Expd.Ocanogr .Belge Eaux Ct .Afr .At l .Sud, 1948-49,

3(2) :71

FAO Names: St r iped red shr imp (En) , Gambon ray (FR) , Gamba l i s t ada (Sp) .

Local Names: L i s t ado (Spani sh , see Crosn ie r & Tanter , 1968:3) .

Ar is teus antennatus (R i sso , 1816)

Peneus an tennatus Risso, 1816, Hist .Nat .Crust .Nice, 3:96

ARIST Arist 3

ARIST Arist 1

Aristeus semidentatus Bate, 1881

Ari st eus semidentatus Bate, 1881, Ann.Mag.Nat .His t . , (5)8:189

Ar is teus var idens Hol thu i s , 1952


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S.W. Africa (18S).

L i t e r a tu re : Crosn ie r & Fores t , 1973 :288 , F igs . 96b ,c , 97 a - c .

Di s t r ibu t ion : Eastern At lant ic : cont inental shel f of West Afr ica between Rio de Oro (24N) and

Habi tat : Depth 300 to 1 134 m, most common between 400 and 600 m. Bot tom mud. Mar ine.

Size: Maximum total length 190 mm .

Interest to Fishery: According to Crosnier & Forest (1969:550) the species forms " l 'objet d 'une

pche commerciale assez ac t ive de la pa r t de cha lu t ie rs espagnol s au la rge de 1 'Angola . Crosn ier &Tante r (1968 :4 ) men t ioned tha t t he spec ies i s a l so f i shed fo r by Span i sh t r awle r s o f f Guinea andSenegal . The prawns are sold f rozen.

Hemipenaeus vir i l i s Bate , 1881, Ann.Mag.Nat .His t . , (5)8 :187

Synonymy: Ar istaeus tomentosus Bate , 1881.

FAO Names: Stout red shr imp (En) , Gambon gai l lard (Fr) , Gambn Colorado (Sp) .

Li terature: Kubo, 1949:194, Figures.

Dist r ibut ion: Indo-West Paci f ic : East Afr ica to Japan, the New Hebr ides and Indonesia .

Habi tat : Depth 344 to 800 m. Bot tom mud and sand. Mar ine.

Size: Total length 85 to 146 mm ,

52 mm .81 to 190 mm ; c a ra pa c e l e ng t h 2 5 t o 4 6 m m , 2 4 t o

Interest to Fishery: Po ten t i a l . Crosn ie r & Jouann ic (1973 :12) l i s t ed th i s spec ies among thosetha t t hey though t "ven tue l l ement commerc ia l i sab les" on the con t inen ta l s lope o f Madagascar ; i t w a sf o u n d t h e r e t o g e t h e r w i t h A r i s t e us m a h ab i s s a e R a m a d a n , 1 9 3 8 , t h e l a t t e r i n s m a l l e r q u a n t i t i e s .Kur i an & Sebas t i an (1976 :95) l i s t ed the spec ies among the commerc ia l ly impor t an t p r awns o f Ind ia , bu ta t t h e s a m e t i m e s t a t e d t h a t " o n l y s t r a y c a t c h e s h a v e b e e n o b t a i n e d " , p r o b a b l y d u r i n g e x p l o r a t o r ycruises.

ARIST Plesio 1

Pe naeus edwardsianus Johnson, 1868, Proc .Zool .Soc .Lond. , 1867:897,901

Synonymy: Aristeus edwardsianus - Miers , 1878; Aristeus coral inus Bate , 1888; Aristaeops isedwardsiana - Wood-Mason, 1891; Ar isteus splendens Richard, 1900.

FAO Names: Scarlet shrimp (En), Gambon carlat (Fr) , Gamba carabinero (Sp).

L o c a l N a m e s : C a r a b i n e r o ( o f f i c i a l S p a n i s h n a m e ) , L a n g o s t i n o m o r u n o , C h o r i z o r o j o ( S p a i n ) ,Creve t t e impr i a l e , Creve t t e rouge gan te (France) , Creve t t e roya le (Morocco) , Ro te Riesengarne le

(Germany) .

Li terature: Crosnier & Forest , 1973:292, Figs. 98,99a,b .

Dist r ibut ion: Eastern At lant ic : Por tugal to South Afr ica; not in the Medi ter ranean. WesternAt lan t i c : Grand Bank (43 42 'N) to the Gul f o f Mexico , Car ibbea n Sea and nor th coas t o f Sou thA m e r i c a . A l s o r e p o r t e d f r o m t h e I n d o - W e s t P a c i f i c r e g i o n , b u t i t i s n o t c e r t a i n w h e t h e r t h i s i sreal ly the same species.

Habi tat : Depth 274 to 1 850 m, most f requent ly found between 400 and 900 m. Bot tom mud.Mar ine .

Ar isteus vir i l i s (Bate , 1881) ARIST Arist 5

Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus ( Johnson, 1863)

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In t e r es t t o F i shery : F i shed commerc ia l ly by Span ish t r awle rs ( f rom Vigo , Hue lva , and Cd iz ) in

the a r ea o f Senega l , Gu inea and espec ia l ly o f f Congo and Angola (4 t o 10 S) . The sh r imps a r e f rozenon board and main ly so ld on the Span i sh marke t s ( e .g . , Barce lona) , bu t a l so in F rance (Marse i l l e s ) .Crosn ie r & Jouann ic (1973 :12) r epor t ed on a fo rm which they ass igned to th i s spec ies as "ven tue l l e -men t commerc ia l i sab le"

on the con t inen ta l she l f o f Madagascar .

Pened ia - Raf inesque , 1815 , Ana lyse de l a Na tu re , 98

Thi s i s t he l a rges t o f t he f ami l i es o f Pena e idea and i t con ta ins the g rea te s t number o f commer -c i a l ly impor t an t spec ies o f Na tan t i a , among which those tha t a r e economica l ly o f the g rea tes t va lue .

L ike in the o ther f ami l i es , t he genera and spec ies a r e l i s t ed here a lphabe t i ca l ly .

PEN Art 1

Ar t emes ia longinaris Bate , 1888, Rep.Voyage Chal lenger , (Zool . ) , 24 :281

Synonymy: Ar t emes ia brev inar is Nob i l i , 1901 .

FAO Names:a rgen t ino (Sp) .

Argen t ine s t i l e t to sh r imp (En) , Creve t t e s ty l e t d 'Argen t ine (Fr ) , Camarn es t i l e t e

Local Names: Camarn (Argentina, Uruguay), Camaro serrinha, Camaro de Argentina, Camarofe r r inho , Camaro barba b ranca (Braz i l ) .

L i t e r a t u r e : B o s c h i , 1 9 6 9 .

Dis t r ibu t ion : Weste rn At l an t i c : eas t coas t o f Sou th Amer ica f rom Rio de Jane i ro , Braz i l ( 23 S)t o P u e r t o d e R a w s o n , A r g e n t i n a ( 4 3 S ) .

Habitat: Depth littoral to 68 m. Bottom sand and mud. Temperature 8 to 22C, mostly between

15 and 21C. Sal ini ty 32.9 to 35.5 0 / 0 0 Cl .

Size: Maximum total length 106 mm , 145 mm, exceptionall y 152 mm, .

I n t e r e s t t o F i s h e r y : F i s h e d f o r i n t h e e n t i r e a r e a , m o s t i n t e n s i v e l y o n t h e A r g e n t i n a c o a s t .T h e s p e c i e s i s c a u g h t a t t h e s a m e t i m e a s P l e o t i c u s m u e l l e r i ,

b u t d u e t o i t s s m a l l e r s i z e i t i s o fl e ss commerc ia l impor t ance than the l a t t e r spec ies . In Argen t ina the annua l ca t ch o f th i s spec ies( in met r i c tons) amounted to 500 ( in 1973) , 400 ( in 1974) , 120 ( in 1975) and 255 ( in 1976) . Aqua-cu l tu r e exper imen t s wi th th i s spec ies have been s t a r t ed in Argen t ina .

Atyopenaeus formosus Dall , 1957, Aust .J.Mar.Freshwat.Res. , 8:199

FAO Names: Orange shr imp (En) , Crevet te orange (Fr) , Camarn naranja (Sp) .

Loca l Names: Orange p rawn, Go-home p rawn (Aus t r a l i a ) .

D i s t r i b u t i o n : I n d o - W e s t P a c i f i c : N e w G u i n e a ; P a p u a ; n o r t h e r n A u s t r a l i a ( D a r w i n t o n o r t h e r nNew Sou th Wales) .

Hab i t a t : Dep th 2 to 9 m. Bot tom sandy mud o r mud . Mar ine .

Atypopsnaeus formosus Dal l , 1957

Ar temesia longinaris Bate , 1888

FAMILY PENAEIDAE Rafinesque, 1815

PEN Aty 1

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d),50 mm .

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Size: Total length 27 to 75 mm , 44 to 91 mm ; maximum carapace length 17 mm ,

21 mm .

I n t e r e s t t o F i s h e r y : M i n o r . R a c e k ( 1 9 5 9 : l 0 ) r e p o r t e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h i s s p e c i e s i n c o m m e r -c i a l ca t ches in New Sou th Wales (ve ry r a r e ) , and Queens land ( abundan t in h igher s t r a t a ) . Munro

(1968 : l4 ) l i s t ed the spec ies among " smal l e r spec ies r egarded as hav ing no commerc ia l va lue" .

Penaeus stenodac tylus St impson, 1860, Proc .Acad.Nat .Sci .Phi la . , 1860:43

Synonymy: Penaeus podophthalmus S t impson, 1860; Penaeus compress ipes Henderson, 1893;

A ty pop ena eus c ompr e ss ip es - Alcock , 1905 ; Par a pen aeo ps i s br e v i ro s t r i s Kubo , 1936 ; Mi yad ie l lapedunculata Kubo, 1949 ; Miyadie l la podophthalmus - Hol thuis , 1955.

FAO Names: Per i scope sh r imp (En) , Creve t t e p r i scope (F r ) , Camarn per i scop io (Sp) .

Local Names: Maimai ebi ( Japan) .

Di s t r ibu t ion : Indo-West Pac i fi c : I nd ia to the Malay Arch ipe lago , Hong Kong and Japan .

H a b i t a t : D e p t h 1 1 t o 2 7 m . B o t t o m m u d . M a r i n e .

Size: Maximum total length 40 mm ,

Interest to Fishery: The species i s caught in large numbers throughout the year on the westcoas t o f Ind ia , i n smal l number s on the eas t coas t (Kunju , 1967 ; Kur i an & Sebas t i an , 1976) . I ti s a lso of minor economic impor tance in the Inland Sea of Japan (Yasuda, 1956) .

Penaeus a fr icanus Balss ,191 3; Denkschr.Med.-Naturwiss.Ges.Jena, 7:105

FAO Names: Swimming shr imp (En) , Crevet te nageuse (Fr) , Camarn nadador (Sp) .

Local Names: Swimming prawn (South Afr ica) .

Dist r ibut ion: South West Afr ica and South Afr ica (Kunene River to St . Lucia) .

Hab i t a t : Dep th l i t t o r a l zone to 28 m. Mar ine and es tuar ine .

Size: Maximum total length 67 mm ; mature at about 33 mm.

In te r es t t o F i shery : At p r esen t s l igh t , bu t pe rhaps g rea te r i n the fu tu re . Day (1969 :102)s t a t ed tha t t he spec ies i s "ne t t ed in the sha l lows on su r f -beaches and occas iona l ly in es tua r i es"

between. Fa lse Bay and St . Lucia . According to Longhurst (1970:299,300) abundant s tocks have beenr e v e a l e d a t t h e c o a s t o f S . W . A f r i c a , b u t " n o c o m m e r c i a l e x p l o i t a t i o n a p p e a r s t o h a v e y e toccur r ed" . The spec ies i s cons idered o f poss ib l e fu tu re impor t ance commerc ia l ly .

Parapenaeus acc l iv is M.J. Rathbun, 1902, Proc .U.S.Nat l .Mus. , 26 :41

S y n o n y m y : Me ta p e n a e us a c c l i v i s - A l c o c k , 1 9 0 5 ; P e n ae o p s i s a c c l i v i s - D e M a n , 1 9 1 1 ;Ery thropenaeus acc l iv is - Kishinouye, 1929.

FAO Names: Tora velvet shr imp (En) , Crevet te chamois tora (Fr) , Camarn gamuza tora (Sp) .

Local Names: Tora ebi ( Japan) ,

Metapenaeops is acc l iv is (M. J . Rathbun, 1902)

PEN Meta 1

Macropetasma afr icana (Balss , 1913) PEN Macro 1

Atypopenaeus stenodactylus (Stimpson, 1860) PEN Aty 2


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Distr ibut ion: Indo-West Pacif ic : Japan.


Size: Maximum tota l length 90 mm.

Interes t to Fishery: In several areas of the Inland Sea of Japan M. accl iv i s i s an economical lyimportant species , belonging to the three most abundant spe cies there (Yasuda, 1956:379; 1957:30) .

Me ta pe na eu s ph il ip pi ne ns is andamanensis Wood-Mason, 1891, Ann.Mag.Nat.H ist., (6)8:271

Synonymy: Pe na eu s (Met ap en ae us ) co ni ge r an da ma ne ns is - Alcock, 1901; Pe na eo ps is co ni

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Shrimps and Prawn of the World