Sichuan Urban Development Project - World Bankdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/200681468027859067/pdf/358180rev0pdf.pdfSichuan Urban Development Project EA Summary Report Storm and

Sichuan Urban Development Project

Environmental Assessment

SUMMARY REPORT

Sichuan Academy o f Environmental Sciences

Chengdu Hydropower Investigation Design & Research Institute

(January, 2006)

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Sichuan Urban Development Project EA Summary Report

Table o f Contents

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.1 Project Background ........ ............... .................................................... 4

1.2 Basis for the EA ................................................. ........... .............. 4

2. Project Description ............................................................................................................................................ 5

3. Environmental Baseline ..................................................................................................................................... 7

3. I Geographic Position ...................................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Weather .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

.................................................................

.........................................................

3.6 Ambient A i r ..........................................................

3.7 Acoustic Environment ............................................................

3.8 Social Environment.. .......... ..................................................

3.9 Cultural Properties. ............................

3. I O Natural Habitats ...........................................

.................................................... I 2

..................................... I 2

4. Analysis of Alternatives ................................................................................................................................ ...13

5. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 14

............................... 14

..... I 6 5.2.1 Aquatic Environment Impact ................................................................................................................ 16 5.2.2 Air Quality Impacts .............................................................................................................................. 17

5. I Impacts during construction phase.. ....................

5.2 Impacts during Operation Phase ...................................................

5.2.3 Noise impact ......................................................................................................................................... 17 5.2.5 Urban landscape ................................................................................................................................... 19

5.2.7 Indirect and induced impacts ............................................................................................................. -20

5.3 Mitigation Measures of Environmental Impacts,. ........................................... 20

5.2.6 Impacts to Cultural Properties ............................................................................................................. 19

5.4 Social environment, social impacts and mitigation measures.. ................ 24

6. Environmental Management and Monitoring ............................................................................................... 25

6. I Objectives .............................................. :.. ................................................................................................... 25

Chengdu Hydropower Investigation, Design and Research Insitute Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences

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6.2 Management and Superviosn Organizations. ... . . . . . . . . .I. I I I. ~ I , . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . , , , . . . . . , . , .26

6.3. Environmental Supervision .... .... ..,. ... , ....., .. ,................. , ............. ................ ............. .......... ............ ..... ..... .... 27

6.4. Environmental Monitoring . .. . . ...................................... 27

6.5. Institutional Strengthening and Training ...................................... 32

.................................................................... 33 6.6. Estimated Cost for Environmental Management

7. Public Participation ................................ .. .... . ............................................... .... ............................................... 33

8. Information Disclosure ................................................................. ............ ..................... ....................................

9. Conclusions ................................................................................ ...... .......................................................... ..38


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Sichuan Urban Development Project EA SummaT Report

FIGURES Figure 1 - 1 Figure 2- 1 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Figure 2-4

TABLES Table 2- 1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3 Table 2-4 Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 6- 1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3 Table 6-4 Table 6-5 Table 7- 1 Table 7-2 Table 8-1

TERMS CHIDRI EA EIA EMP EPB PMO PRC SEPA SAEC SUDP TOR WWTP

Location o f Mianyang, Panzhihua, Suining and Yibin General Layout o f Mianyang Project Components General Layout o f Panzhihua Project Components General Layout o f Suining Project Components General Layout o f Yibin Project Components

Main Project Components o f Mianyang Project Main Project Components o f Panzhihua Project Main Project Components o f Suining Project Main Project Components o f Yibin Project Project City Locations Key Socio-economic Indicators o f Project Cities Noise Mitigation Measures Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts Mianyang Environmental Monitoring Programs Panzhihua Environmental Monitoring Programs Suining Environmental Monitoring Programs Yibin Environmental Monitoring Programs Summary o f Estimated Costs for Environmental Management Public Consultation Summary Major Public Concerns and Mitigation Measures Information Disclosure

Chengdu Hydropower Investigation, Design and Research Institute Environment Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Plan Environmental Protection Bureau Project Management Office the People Republic o f China State Environmental Protection Administration o f China Sichuan Academy o f Environmental Sciences Sichuan Urban Development Project Terms o f Reference Wastewater Treatment Plant

6 6 6 6 7 12 21 25 29 30 31 31 33 35 36 37


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1. Introduction

1.1 Project Background

Mianyang, Panzhihua, Suining and Yibin are key secondary cities in one o f China’s largest provinces, Sichuan (Figure 1-1). Over the last twenty years, rapid industrial expansion, population growth, and urbanization in cities, particularly since the Develop China’s West initiative, have created urgent needs to develop new urban areas and to improve and upgrade existing urban and environmental infrastructure and municipal services. The urban and infrastructure constraints in cities have limited cities’ growth (e.g., Suining and Panzhihua) and industrial expansion (e.g., Mianyang), resulted in urban transportation bottlenecks (e.g., Panzhihua and Yibin), as well as constrained general economic development, improvements in quality o f life, and the ability to protect city residents and assets from flood hazards and environmental pollution.

Municipal governments have been taking actions to address these development issues over the last five years through investment in infrastructure upgrading and developments. The proposed World Bank financed Sichuan Urban Development Project (SUDP) i s designed to be integrated into and supplement locally financed efforts in the four cities. The objective o f SUDP i s to support urban renewal o f the project cities to facilitate their economic development and to improve environmental conditions and quality o f life, through a mix o f priority infrastructure investments in urban development, urban transport, and environmental improvement, as well as contributions to capacity building within the four municipal governments. The SUDP would also support development o f new urban areas to accommodate rapid population growth and urbanization and continue attracting outside investments in industries.

Sichuan Academy o f Environmental Sciences (SCES) and Chengdu Hydropower Investigation & Research Insitutute (CHIRI) have been engaged to conduct the environmental assessment (EA) for SUDP. Each o f the EA teams are responsible for two cities: Mianyang and Suining by SCES, and Panzhihua and Yibin by CHIRI, respectively. The EA i s to identify potential environmental benefits and consequences o f the project, propose measures to avoid, mitigate or otherwise compensate for negative environmental impacts during construction and operation, and allow incorporation o f appropriate measures into the design to minimize negative impacts to an acceptable level. This document i s a summary o f the EA documentation, compiled based on the four city EIA reports and four EMPs.

1.2 Basis for the EA

The legal and technical basis for the EA is: Environmental Protection Laws o f PRC (December, 1989); and other state laws and

Chengdu Hydropower Investigation Design and Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences

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Sichuan Urban Develoument Proiect EA Summum Reuort

regulations for water, air, soil, ocean, and solid waste pollution control; General City Plans o f Mianyang, Panzhihua, Suining, Yibin (2001-2020); Tenth Five Year Plans for Environmental Protection for Mianyang, Panzhihua, Suining, and Yibin (2001-2005);

0 Terms o f Reference (TOR) for Environmental Impact Assessment for Sichuan Urban Development Project (May 2005); Notice on Strengthening Management on Environmental Assessment for Construction Projects funded by International Financial Organizations, NEPA, SPC, the Ministry Finance and the People’s Bank o f China, No. [1993]324; Operational Policies, Bank Procedure and Good Practices OP/BP/GP4.01: Environment Assessment, the World Bank, (January, 1999) and other safeguard policies where they are applicable; and Feasibility study reports for the Mianyang, Panzhihua and Suining components by Southwest Municipal Design and Research Institute and for the Yibin components by Chengdu Municipal Engineering Design Institute, respectively.

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The environmental quality and discharge standards applied in this EA are determined based on the functions, the impacted areas and as designated by relevant environmental authorities. These standards are:

Surface Water Quality Standards, Class I11 for the project area rivers; Ambient Air Quality, Class I1 for project areas; Noise Standards, Class I for the most sensitive receptors such as hospitals and schools, Class I1 other sensitive receptors such as residents and Class I V for areas adjacent to trunk roads; Wastewater Discharge Standards, Class I Category B; Construction Standard o f Urban Wastewater Treatment Project; and Identification Standard for Hazardous Wastes for river sediment.

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2. Project Description The SUDP includes area development, sewer line construction, flood control through river embankment, road development and environmental improvement components in four secondary cities in Sichuan province. These components are summarized in Table 2-1 through Table 2-4

Chengdu Hydropower Investigation Design and Research Institute Sichuan Academy ofEnvironmenta1 Sciences

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Storm and sanitary sewers 1 interchange and 1 flyover

Lighting and traffic management system 17 road sections

Storm and sanitary sewers 1 interchange, 4 flyovers

Flood control embankment

Pioneer Park

Economic Development

Zone

Table 2-1 Main ComDonents of Mianvang Proiect

91.79 km

Along the roads 24.53 km long; 14-80 m wide

74.56 km

4600 m

I Item I

Item Embankment

Contents I Scale I

Contents Scales Bank enforcement and upgrading Totaling 85.54 km

22 road sections I 2 1.23 km long; 9-50 m wide I

Landscaping Sanitarv sewer

Bridge 0.93 km

Sewer pipeline 38.9 km Lawns and scenery Along the river side

Table 2-2 Main Comr>onents o f Panzhihua Proiect

Item Contents Roads

Bridges 9 new bridges 3 segment upgrading and 19 new roads

River rehabilitation Expandinddredginglembankment

Scales Total 35.68 km

Total 288 m 4.73 km

I River sideroad I New roads 2.68 km I I

Sanitary sewer pipe Storm sewer DiDe

D300-800 pipes, 3 m below new roads D400-800,2 m below grade along new roads

21 km 21 km

Item Contents Road Line A Road

Bridge and culvert Embankment

Scales 6.9 km 10 units 2910 m

Road Line B

The specific component locations are shown in Figures 2-1 through 2-4.

Landscaping Along the river Road 3.5 km

Embankment 3521 m Landscaping Along the river

In addition to the physical investments summarized above, the project will also support institutional strengthening and capacity building for urban and environmental management through technical assistance and training.


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Sichuan Urban Develovment Project EA Summan, Reoort

Cities East longitude Mianyang 103" 45 ' to105" 43 ' Panzhihua 101" 08 ' to 102" 15 ' Suining 103" 45 ' to105" 43 '

3. Environmental Baseline

North latitude 30" 42 ' to33" 0 3 ' 26" 05 ' to27" 21 ' 30" 42 ' to 33" 03 '

3.1 Geographic Position

Mianyang, Suining and Yibin are to the north, east, and southeast o f the Sichuan basin while Panzhihua i s in the deep mountains at the SichuadYunan provincial border (Figure 1-1). More specific locations o f the four cit ies are presented in Table 3-1. The project area topography i s basically plain to mild undulation in Mianyang, Suining and Yibin but high mountains and deep valleys in Panzhihua.

Yibin 1 103" 39 ' t o 105" 420 ' I 27" 49 ' to29" 16 '

3.2 Weather

The weather o f the four cities falls between north and south subtropical regions. They all have distinct seasons but temperature changes are relatively mild. Yearly average temperatures are 14.7 to 16.3"C for Mianyang, 20-22°C for Panzhihua, 17.4 "C for Suining and 17.8 "C for Yibin, respectively. Average annual rainfall i s 760 mm for Panzhihua, 1007 mm in Suining, 1263 mm in Yibin, and 1800 mm in Mianyang.

3.3 Surface Water Environment

During the Project EA, four cit ies conducted river systems investigations and a monitoring program to determine the baseline water quality in the main rivers o f the cities and/or project areas.

Mianyang

Peijiang and Anchanghe rivers are two major waterways in Mianyang. Water samples from three cross sections o f Peijiang River and two from Anchanghe rivers were collected and analyzed between March 2004 to early 2005. The results show that all samples meet the applicable water quality standards (Class 111). There are no major industrial discharges in the project area, confirmed by the monitoring results demonstrating the good quality o f the area surface water. However, the groundwater monitoring o f the project area shows contamination o f NH3-N and total coliform, indicating groundwater contamination from domestic sewage.


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Panzhihua

Jishajiang River with a high gradient in a steep valley i s Panzhihua’s landmark waterway and the city’s primary water supply source. The city and i t s i ron and steel industrial complex and other industrial establishments are built on the both sides o f the river valley. Based on local EBP monitoring data collected from five locations in Jishajiang river within the city boundary in 2003, all monitored water quality parameters met the designated Class I11 surface water quality standards except for fecal coliform, iron, and total phosphorus, indicating contamination from domestic wastewater discharges along the rivers. To further understand the water quality near the project area, water sampling and analysis was conducted during the project EA in five locations. O f the ten common water quality parameters tested, all except fecal coliform in three o f the five locations met the designated water quality standards, consistent with the long term monitoring results by the local EPB.

Suining

Suining has abundant water resources with 46 large and small rivers criss-crossing the city. The new developed area has three rivers and creeks: the Guangjiyan, Nanbeiyan and Peijiang Rivers. A water quality monitoring program was conducted during project EA and water samples collected from three locations in Guangjiyan and Peijiang rivers were tested for pH, COD, BOD, DO, SS, petrol oils, NH3-N and phenol. The results show that all parameters tested met the applicable Class I11 standards except for petrol oils in two sampling locations in the Guangjiyan and Peijiang rivers. The source o f pollution i s likely from industrial discharges from the upstream urban area as well as in the project area itself.

Ebin

Yibin city i s at the joint o f Jishajiang, Minjiang and Yangtze rivers as well as 55 other tributaries. The water quality monitoring in three locations in the city show that among all the parameters monitored, including pH, DO, BOD, COD, lead, cadmium, petrol oils, NH3-N, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and fecal coliform; petrol oils, total nitrogen and fecal coliform exceeded the applicable Class I11 surface water quality standards. The direct discharge o f wastewater from the city (the city does not have an operating wastewater treatment plant yet) i s the primary reason for the pollution. However very large assimilative and dilution capacity o f the rivers prevent most other parameters from exceeding the standards.

3.4 Ecosystem

The vegetation in the four cities i s mostly subtropical trees. Most o f the native vegetation has been destroyed because o f human activities and the existing vegetation mainly consists o f secondary trees and landscaping. There i s very little wildlife in the urban built-up areas or the suburbs in the four project cities for apparent reasons. The population

8 Chengdu Hydropower Investigation Design and Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences


and species o f wildlife in the suburb counties within the municipalities, except in the deep mountainous regions in the remote suburb Panzhihua, have been decreasing or disappearing due mainly to the expansion o f human activities. There are no endangered or protected species o f wildlife in the four cities.

The planned areas for urban expansion in Suining and Economic Zones in Mianyang are basically agricultural or barren land ready for development. The dominant agricultural lands are paddy fields and some vegetable gardens. As these regions are immediately adjacent to urban built up areas and economic zones, many areas o f these agricultural lands have been encroached by the irregular and unplanned small developments.

In recent years, black-headed dulls, a common species o f migrating birds have been seen landing on the water surface o f rivers in the Yibin area. Each March and again in November, several hundreds black-headed dulls are seen in Minjiang, Jinshajiang and Yangtze rivers, although the stop i s very short, about 1-2 days at a time. Other water fowls such as wild ducks are also seen in these rivers.

3.5 Sediment

As the Suining project will involve sediment dredging in the Guangjiyan River in the development region, a sediment sample at the river was collected during the EA to prepare for disposal. The sample was analyzed for possible contamination o f sediment including leaching test to determine whether the sediment i s hazardous waste or not. The result shows the sediment i s free from major contamination and not a hazardous waste. This i s consistent with the fact that there i s no industrial discharge to the river based on the site survey on the present and past land uses in the river catchment.

Sediments in the Jishajiang river in the Panzhihua section were also sampled and tested for heavy metals. The concern i s that over the years o f the Panzhihua’s iron and steel complex operation, a very large quantity o f slag has been dumped along the river side, part o f it in the river itself. The results showed that key heavy contents met the Class I11 standards o f the Soil Environmental Standards, indicating uncontaminated sediments despite the slag’s dumping in the river.

3.6 Ambient Air

Mianyang

Regular ambient air quality in the city has been used as the baseline air quality. In addition an air quality monitoring program was carried out in the two industrial parks during the project EA. The results show that al l monitored parameters met the applicable standards o f Class I1 air, except TSP in the industrial parks which slightly exceeded the standards.

Panzhihua


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Panzhihua i s a heavy industrial city, with a major i ron and steel complex and other supporting and auxiliary industrial outlets. Industry emissions, primarily S02, smoke and particulate, are the major sources o f air pollution in the city. In 2003, the total industrial air emissions recorded was 87.5 bil l ion m3, with SO2, smoke and particulate emissions o f 846,500 t, 13,560 t and 168,900 t, respectively. As a result o f these air emissions, acid rain has been a major pollution issue in the city. The acid rain rate in 2003 was 19.4% and as high as 87.5% in September. The air quality monitoring data from four city locations shows however, SO2 met the standards in three locations while PMlo exceeded standards in all four locations up to 2.95 times o f the applicable standards.

Additional air quality monitoring was conducted during project EA. Four locations including two sensitive receptors near the project sites were monitored for SO2, NO2, and PMlo. The results showed that, except in one location where PMlo exceeded standards, air quality in other locations met the applicable standards.

Motor vehicle emissions have not been a major issue, although motor vehicle fleets in the city have been expanding rapidly. According to the 2004 annual motor vehicle inspection results, about 95% o f motor vehicles met applicable emission standards. However, spot road side tests o f motor vehicles showed only 63% compliance rate.

Suining

Air quality monitoring was conducted during project EA. Three locations including one sensitive receptor, Guangde temple, near the project area were monitored for SO2, NO2, TSP and PMlo. The results showed that, except in one location where PMlo and TSP exceeded standards, air quality in other locations met applicable Class I1 standards. PMlo and TSP in the Guangde temple exceeded their applicable Class I standards, probably because o f smoke from fumigating by the worshipers and visitors and temple censors throughout the temple yard.

Ebin

Yibin’s primary emission sources are from combustion o f natural gas, which i s the primary fuel used in the city, as well as from motor vehicles. According to Yibin Environmental Monitoring Station data, ambient air quality measured in all stations meet applicable air quality standards in the summer. But SO2 and PMloexceed the standards sometimes in winter in some o f the monitoring stations. Overall, Yibin has a good ambient air quality.

3.7 Acoustic Environment

Mianyang


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Sichuan Urban Development Project EA Summaly Report

According to regular noise monitoring conducted by the Mianyang Environmental Monitoring Center, all but one o f the 13 monitored sites at or near the project areas had a high acoustic environmental quality, especially in the rural areas o f the industrial parks. The one exception i s the Industrial Park Administrative Building, where noise levels slightly exceeded the Category IV standard. The noise source at this location i s basically traffic in front o f the building.

Panzhihua

A noise monitoring program was conducted in Panzhihua during the project EA. Eight sensitive receptors, including six residential buildings and two resort villas along the project road areas, were selected for day and night monitoring. Except for two residential sites and one villa where daytime noise met the applicable standard o f 60 dB(A), other sites exceeded this standard by 0.2-3 dB(A). At night, except in two sites, all other locations exceeded the applicable standard o f 50 dB(A) by up to 13.3 dB(A). Based on site observations during noise monitoring, the main noise source i s traffic. The high night noise, often higher than the day time noise in some locations, i s because heavier trucks operate in the city streets.

Suining

A noise monitoring program was conducted in Suining during the project EA. Five locations, including four sensitive receptors at Guangde temple, a school, a park, and a residential building along the project road areas were selected for day and night time monitoring. All recorded day and night noise met the applicable standards o f Class I for school and temple (55 dB(A) for day time and 45 dB(A) for night), Class I1 for residential and park (60 dB(A) for day time and 50 dB(A) for night), and Class IV for pumping station 70 dB(A) for day time and 55 dB(A) for night). This indicates the high acoustic quality at the relatively un-developed area.

Ebin

A noise monitoring program was conducted in Yibin during the project EA. Six sensitive receptors, including three schoolskindergartens, a hospital and two residential buildings along both project roads were selected for day and night time monitoring. Line A area had relatively high acoustic quality as all recorded day and night noise met the applicable standards o f Class I for school (55 dB(A) for day time and 45 dB(A) for night) and Class I1 for residential (60 dB(A) for day time and 50 dB(A) for night), except the at kindergarten where night time noise exceeded the standards slightly. The three sensitive receptors at Line B all exceeded standards particularly at night when the recorded noise exceeded standards by about 5-12.5 dB(A). The main noise source was from road traffic. At the hospital where two poor quality roads intersect, highest noise was recorded both day and night time.


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Indicators Mianyang Panzhihua Suining

Per capital income 7179 (urban) 8373 (urban) 5404 (urban) RMBIcapita 255 1 (rural) 4507 (rural) 2116 (rural) Agriculture Rice, fruits, Rice, vegetable, Rice, wheat,

Population (million) 5.27 1.06 1.43

3.8 Social Environment

Yibin 5.12

8669 (urban) 3068 (rural)

Rice, corn, nuts

The key socio-economic indicators o f the four project cities are summarized in Table 3-2.

Industry vegetable, fruits, sugarcanes corns, beans bean, wheat Defense, I ron & steel, Textile, food, Brewery

GDP (billion) electronics mineral resources machinery

39.7 16.4 14.1 25.8

3.9 Cultural Properties

According to field investigations by the EA teams in the project areas o f the four cities, one city-level cultural relic, the Chengxiang Shrine, i s located adjacent to road Line A o f the Yibin project. Built in 1856 in memory o f an ancient primary minister, this i s a memorial facility which has no service or any religious significance but i s a tourist attraction. While the gate o f the facility i s 20 m from the project road, the main structure o f the shrine i s about 170 m away.

Within the development area of the Suining project, there i s a 1000 year temple. The temple i t se l f i s not located near any project components but it i s within the area which w i l l be developed from the current rural and agricultural uses to urban use, partially through the Bank funded project, As such, the project may have indirect impacts on the temple as described in a latter section o f this report.

Other than the above facilities, there are no cultural relics in the project directly or indirectly affected according to the site investigations by the EA teams. There i s no known archaeological site based on the information collected from the relevant agencies. Detailed procedures have been included in the EMP to deal with chance finds during construction, if any.

3.10 Natural Habitats

The Yangtze River upper reaches, including Yibin city are within the “National Reserve for Yangtze River Upper Reaches Rare and Special Fish”. The reserve spreads over 1,162 km identified since April 2005, across the Sichuan, Yunan and Guizhou provinces and Chongqing municipality. The reserve i s defined by the water body o f the main river


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course at i t s 20 year flood water level. About 70 species o f fish are present in the reserve including three rare and protected fish species: Psephurus gladius o f a Class I protected species with i t s main spawning and regular habitats in Yangtze river Chongqing sections, about 350 km downstream from Yibin. Acipenser dabryanus o f a Class I protected species wi th i t s spawning and regular habitats in Luzhou to Hejiang section o f Yangtze river about 80 km downstream from Yibin, and Myxocyprinus asiaticus o f a Class I1 protected species, with i ts spawning and regular habitats in Anbian to Boxi section o f the river, which i s located upstream from the project area. The river sections adjacent to the project roads are part o f the core zone o f the reserve. According to the fisheries specialists from the State Yangtze River Upper Reaches Rare and Special Fish Reserve Administration, the protected fish are large body fish living mainly in the middle o f the river. These fish move quickly and are active in a very large area. A fish study using a sound trace device tied onto a Psephurus gladius by Yibin Fisheries Bureau shows that the monitored fish moved from upper stream in the Yibin area to Chongqing 350 km away and back in just a few days.

The Jishajiang river in the Panzhihua section i s beyond the above mentioned reserve. The fish species and populations at this section are limited. There i s no spawning, winter or food site in Panzhihua city according site investigations and consultations with the fisheries specialists knowledgeable about local conditions.

4. Analysis of Alternatives During Project development and design, various alternatives were screened and compared against technical, economic and environmental criteria. In terms o f environmental comparison o f alternatives, the primary objective was to identify and select options wi th the least adverse environmental impacts. The evaluation and comparison were made for alternatives wi th the following components and/or aspects:

All four cities considered the no-project scenario and concluded that the without the project scenario would affect sustained urban, community and economic development and thus their competitiveness, increase environmental burdens resulting from insufficient environmental and urban infrastructure, and impede the continued improvement o f standards o f living o f the citizens of the four cities. All four city projects are well justified environmentally as wel l as economically.

Mianyang considered alternative bitumen and concrete pavement for roads, combined or separate systems for sewers, wi th or without pumping stations in the Economic Zone drainage system, and road configuration designs. The alternatives usingbitumen pavement, a separate sewer system, without pumping station, and road configuration design with the least potential for future congestion are selected based on their environmental and engineering merits, when compared with the other alternatives.

Panzhihua considered alternative tunnel designs on Bingren road, road cross sectional


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designs for both the Bingren and Binjiang roads, elevated viaducts versus high filling for the Bingren and Binjiang road sections, road surface paving o f both roads, and interception sewer pipe plans. The alternatives having less earth work for the tunnel, better safety and traffic management for the road cross sectional design, less earth work and impacts on flood discharges for elevated viaduct designs, lower noise o f using bitumen, and effective sewer interception alternatives were selected based on environmental as well as engineering and economic considerations.

Suining considered alternatives for overall road network in the new developed area, river bank designs for Guangjiyan River, alignments for Xingning road, and No.1 bridge designs. The alternatives which will comply with natural topography and thus minimize earth work and disturbance to natural setting and avoid construction o f a tunnel for the network, lower earth work, abundant construction materials and better for flood discharge for the river bank design, lowest unit cost, lower earth work, and lowest disturbance to natural topography for the Xingning road alignment, and shorter construction time, lower impacts to traffic, and better architecture for the bridge design were selected. The comparison and selection were most based on environmental as well as engineering and economic considerations.

Ebin considered alternatives for road alignments, road configuration designs, road cross sectional designs, and pavement materials. The alternatives with less house demolition and less resettlement, smooth connection with city’s road network, less resettlement and no tunnel construction, and with lower noise bitumen pavement, were selected as the adopted alternatives. Environmental as wel l as engineering and economic considerations have been included in the analysis o f alternatives.

5. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

5.1 Impacts during construction phase

The project construction activities are expected to generate the following adverse impacts:

Air borne dust: The construction, buildings demolition, earthwork excavation, material pile up and construction trucks movement will all produce dust. According to an analogy survey, if no measure i s adopted, dust concentration (expressed as TSP) immediately from the construction site in leeward direction will reach over 3 mg/m3, while that o f at 25 m away i s 1 .53mg/m3. TSP concentration at 60 m i s expected to meet the standard.

Noise construction noise i s mainly caused by construction machines and transfer vehicles. As the construction i s usually in open space with no sound insulation or control measures and as the individual machine can generate noise in the range between 76 dB(A) and 110 dB(A), the impact o f noise can spread very far. The impacts are mainly in urban areas


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Sichuan Urban Develoument Project E A Summary Reuort

during road, sewer pipeline, river embankment and landscaping construction. In the rural areas where regional development component are constructed such as those in Mianyang and Suining, the noise impact i s mild as there i s more open space and less residents and other sensitive receptors. In fact many o f the current residents and other facilities w i l l be relocated prior to project construction in these areas.

In addition, the increased noise during construction may affect the migrating black-headed dulls. However the impacts are limited as the dulls can land in any o f the other water surfaces present in abundance in the project area, if the noise i s too high at the water bodies near the construction sites.

Solid Wasfe: The solid waste during the construction period mainly include watercourse dredged materials and sediment from Suining, construction waste coming from the building demolition from all project components, and road paving scrapping from Panzhihua and Yibin projects. As the sediment sampling has demonstrated it i s not hazardous, these materials will be sent to the local sanitary landfill for disposal. Other construction waste i s generally considered non-polluted and will be used as filling materials where possible.

Water Impacts Panzhihua and Yibin and, to a lesser extent, Mianyang and Suining projects, w i l l have substantial river side construction from earthwork, dredging, slope protection, road construction to landscaping. These near water construction activities wi l l cause discharge o f sediment and to a lesser extent oils f iom construction machinery leaking into the rivers either directly or through surface runoff during rains, increasing suspended solids in the receiving water. A mathematical model considering the discharge from surface sediments and o i l during construction and flows and other hydraulic conditions o f Minjiang, Jinshajiang and Yangtze rivers predicts that, under the worse case scenarios o f the dry season when the assimilative capacity o f the rivers are at i t s lowest, there w i l l be pollution plumes, defined as 10 mg/L increase in SS, o f about 11-13 m wide and 870 m long downstream from the Line A construction site and 2.5 m wide and 70 m long downstream from Line B construction sites. Beyond these boundaries, the SS would be back to the baseline concentrations. To put these plumes in perspective, the annual average SS concentrations in the rivers are 1720 mgL, and the river width at these two locations i s 450 m and 247 m. The plumes are in fact merely 0.6% higher than the annual average SS concentration and occupy 2.4% and 1% o f the total river widths, respectively.

Impacts on Natural Habitats The increased suspended solids could be detrimental to the fish in the rivers. However, according to fisheries specialists experienced with the upper Yangtze River fish habitats, the fish in the receiving water, particularly those protected species in the Minjiang, Jinshajiang and Yangtze rivers, l ive mostly in the deep water zone away from the river banks. In addition, each year during the flood season, the SS in these rivers can increase by several hundreds to several thousands mg/l. The narrow plumes caused by the runoff and soil erosion during the road construction are not l ikely to have any significant impacts to the fisheries resources.


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Sichuan Urban Develooment Project EA Summaw Reoort

Impacts on Traffic; The effect to traffic mainly occurs during sewer network construction and existing roads upgrading in the Yibin and Panzhihua cities. These construction activities will occupy roads or part o f the roads in urban areas. Traffic will be detoured or forced to use only part o f the roads, potentially causing traffic congestion. In addition, increased traffic o f heavy loading construction trucks for materials and construction waste transportation will also increase the traffic flows and burdens on urban streets.

Soil Erosion River embankment and rehabilitation works in Panzhihua and Yibin cities wi l l improve river bank protection and as such reduce the potential for soil erosion. However, during project construction, primarily the embankment and road components as well as stock piles o f bulwexcavated materials, borrow pits and spoil soil disposal sites in all project cities, soil erosion potential will increase because o f the disturbance o f ground surface vegetation and soil stability. The potential i s particularly high in the Panzhihua and Yibin as the roads are immediately adjacent to large rivers and often on steep slopes. According to the EA estimates, the incremental increase in soil erosion will be about 142,540 t from the Panzhihua project, 7130 t from the Suining project, 9690 t from the Yibin project.

5.2 Impacts during Operation Phase

5.2.1 Aquatic Environment Impact

Upon the completion o f the sewer network component o f Panzhihua and Yibin projects, Panzhihuan system will intercept 68,700 m3 o f wastewater and Yibin system will intercept 7800 m3 , which i s discharged to Jinshanjiang and Yangtze rivers directly at present. The wastewater will be transferred to the WWTPs under construction and removed from the environment. Assuming COD o f 200 m a in domestic wastewater, the wastewater interception w i l l remove 165 t in Panzhihua and 18.7 t o f COD in Yibin, respectively. The major pollution issue in the Jinshajiang and Yangtze rivers are those related to domestic wastewater discharges, as shown by the higher than applicable standards in coliform, and nitrogen in the baseline conditions.

As the first flush o f rainwater i s contaminated by the dust, o i l and other substances on the road surface, discharge o f road surface runoff, the first two hours o f a rain to the rivers could impact the receiving water quality. However, as the surface runoff i s very small in proportion compared with the large river flows o f the receiving rivers, even in the dry season when the flows are at their lowest, the dilution and assimilative capacity o f the receiving rivers are very high and the impacts are thus minimal. A mathematical model for the Panzhihua and Yibin projects show that the discharges would result in an increase in COD by 2 mg/L for up to 1000 my petroleum o i l by 0.05 mg/L for up to 450 m in Yibin. Even with the increased concentrations, the river quality would s t i l l be within the designated surface water quality standards. The impact to Jishajiang in Panzhihua i s similar and limited within a very small area near the river bank.


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The actual dredging o f Fujiang River in Suining will take place during the dry season and a reservoir upstream w i l l intercept the river flow. The dredging in the dry river bed wil l basically eliminate the concern for sediment suspension.

5.2.2 Air Quality Impacts

The primary air impacts during the operation phase are the impacts caused by motor vehicle emissions. A mathematical model in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment for Transportation Projects, issued by SEPA, was used for emission intensity form motor vehicles. CALINE4, a mathematical model developed by the California Department o f Transportation was used to predict the emission dispersions and thus the impacts o f emissions on ambient air quality. Both models have been adopted, and coefficients selected, based on local conditions o f the respective project cities. The air quality impacts were forecasted by the models for the short (2008 when the road construction i s expected to complete), mid (201 1) and long (2015) terms.

The modeling results show that the CO and N O x concentrations w i l l increase at and near project road areas as a result o f increased traffic. However, the ambient air quality i s basically able to meet the designated air quality standards, except in three locations in Yibin where the model predicted N O x exceeds the applicable standards (all in Line A road). When forecast for the years 2011 and 2015, ambient N O x concentrations in Panzhihua are also predicted to exceed the applicable standards 15 m from the road centers. Air pollutant concentrations for sensitive receptors, such as schools, parks, and residential areas show that concentrations o f pollutants are expected to meet the standards, as these sensitive receptors are farther away from road centers.

From the city wide perspective, however, the road component i s expected to contribute to motor vehicle emission reductions. The upgrading and construction o f the river side roads at Panzhihua and Yibin will attract traffic from their respective city centers and thus release traffic congestion, increase average speeds o f vehicular traffic, and enhance motor vehicle smooth operations. All these effects will help reduce motor vehicle emissions for the same vehicles driving the same distances.

5.2.3 Noise impact

A noise model suggested by Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessments for Highway Construction Projects was used for predicting impacts o f noise from traffic on the project roads. The model applied the traffic volume forecast by the project feasibility study teams and other local conditions. For the road upgrading and construction in the urban areas as in the Panzhihua and Yibin projects, noise prediction i s focused on sensitive receptors such as residential buildings and schools. For roads in the new development areas as in Mianyang and Suining projects, the predicted noise would provide a guide for future development along the roads.


17

Sichuan Urban Development Project EA Summaly Report

Based on the modeling results, four residential buildings along the roads o f the Panzhihua project exceeded the applicable standards at night, although day time noise i s expected to meet the standards. The exceeding level i s about 1 to 6.9 dB(A) when the project i s finished. Along with the increase in traffic volumes wi th time, noise wi l l increase. While the day time noise w i l l continue to meet the standards, the night time noise wi l l exceed the standards by up to 7.1 dB(A).

There are many more sensitive receptors along the two roads for the Yibin project, including 13 residential buildings, two parks, two schools, one hotel and one hospital. The modeling results show that all residential buildings exceed the standards, particularly at night, by 1-12.4 dB(A) at the time o f project completion to 1.5-13.1 dB(A) for the long term. The noise at the school complies wi th the highest standard (Class I) because o f the distance to the road while the night time noise i s irrelevant as the school does not have classes or boarding. Noise at kindergarten i s predicted to exceed the standards by 9.6 dB(A) during the day time and 12 dB(A) at night. About 200 children at this kindergarten would be affected by the increased noise following the project completion. Noise at the hospital i s expected to exceed the standards by 4 dB(A) during the day time and 11.2 dB(A) at night. It will be pointed in many o f these sensitive receptors, such as the hospital and some of the residential buildings the existing noise has already exceeded the standards. The incremental increase in noise following the project will hr ther compound the noise impacts.

In Suining, where roads will be built in mostly new development areas, the noise i s expected to exceed standards in areas 150 m from the trunk and main road center and 50 m from the branch road center along all the roads, particularly at night time. As most o f the existing buildings and structures will be relocated, all but two sensitive receptors will remain after the project: a residential building and the Guangde temple. The noise at the residential building will exceed the standards by 7.1 dB(A) after project completion. I t will be noted the project does not have a road component directly in front o f the temple, but the road network construction and the area development wi l l bring significant increase in traffic to the temple, The noise predicted for the temple considered this induced impact. The noise level at the temple gate i s expected to be 58.6 dB(A) during the day time and 52.6 dB(A) at night. These are higher than the Class I standards o f 55 dB(A) at the day time and 45 dB(A) for the night. However, the main temple structure where services and studies are conducted, as well as the living quarters where monks and guests would stay for the night i s about 150m further away in the temple compounds. Traffic noise from the road outside the temple gate will substantially attenuate over this distance and are not expected to affect the main structure and living quarters.

Traffic noise from the road networks in Pioneer Park and Economic Development Zone are predicted to have impact up to 180 m from the road center (based on Class I1 standards which apply to residential buildings). Similar to Suining, most o f the existing buildings will be relocated during and soon after the project completion. One school,


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Sichuan Urban Develooment Proiect EA Summan, Reoort

Nanshan Oriental Bilingual School, w i l l stay and the noise at the school i s predicted to exceed applicable standards.

5.2.5 Urban landscape

After completion o f the project, the impacts on urban landscapes will be mainly positive. Much river side area in the Panzhihua and Yibin project areas i s not well protected, with little public access for leisure. Industrial, construction and domestic solid waste dumping can be seen in many parts o f the river side areas. The project in the two cities will eliminate random dumping and landscape the area, and thus significantly improve the water front environment. The specific direct and indirect benefits o f the project wi l l include: (1) significant improvements to the living and working environment for the river side residents and institutions; (2) turning the river side into an attractive leisure place for all citizens; (3) reduced risk o f disease caused by sewage discharge and waste dumping and enhanced sanitation for river side communities; (4) enhanced land and real estate values o f river side properties and improved investment environment for communities and cities in general; (5) improved flood-preventing capability and ensure the safety o f government property and residents’ lives; and (6) enhanced environmental aesthetics o f the cities.

5.2.6 Impacts to Cultural Properties

Guangde temple i s a provincial level cultural relic. Although there i s no project component in i t s immediate vicinity, the temple i s located within the region o f the new development area. As the road network in the project will greatly improve access to the temple, motor vehicle traffic in front o f and visitors to the temple are expected to increase. The noise model discussed above already showed that the noise level at the temple gate will exceed standards but as the main temple structure and l iv ing quarters are further away from the road, the noise impact i s not expected to be significant. The greater number o f visitors will increase burdens on the temple including i t s services such as washrooms, garbage collection system, etc. These however, can be mitigated by providing sufficient facilities in anticipation o f the increased visitors. The consultation with the head monk and the temple community shows that the temple welcomes the project, which would improve access and increase the number o f visitors to the temple.

There i s a city-level cultural property in Yibin, the Chengxiang Shrine Park. A project road wi l l go in front o f the gate. Although the gate i s only 20 m from the road, the actual shrine i s 170 m and other attractions o f the park are at least 200 m. The main impacts o f the project would be disturbances during road upgrading, access to the park gate, dust and construction noise. Most o f the impact would be to the gate area and not the shrine and other park facilities directly because o f the buffer provided by the distance.


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Sichuan Urban Develoomenl Project E A Summarv Reoort

5.2.7 Indirect and induced impacts

The road and sewer construction components in Suining w i l l play an important role in regional development. The project area will be converted from the current agricultural use to urban, residential and tourism use following project completion. As such, agriculture will disappear and the area will become completely urban. According to the master plan for the area, the population will increase from the current 42,000 to 52,500. In addition, the improved road and other services wi l l promote tourism to the Guangde temple and other area tourists attractions, up to 1000 /day. As a result o f the increased population and visitors to the area, the burdens to the environment will increase, primarily by increased domestic wastewater and solid waste. As a new development area, all municipal infrastructure such as sewer and solid waste services will be constructed at the same time. The collected domestic sewage will be transferred to Suining’s WWTP which has 40,000 t/d capacity, and w i l l soon expand to 8 t/d, and as such have sufficient capacity for the wastewater from the project area. The city’s sanitary landfill has a capacity o f 200 tfd, enough to accept additional waste from the newly urbanized areas. Once built, the new urban area will be fully integrated into the existing built up area both on physical infrastructure and institutional arrangements for municipal services currently provided by the city.

The new development areas for the Pioneer Park and Economic Development Zone will convert the existing agricultural and barren land to residential, administrative, commercial and industrial uses. According to the master plans for the Pioneer Park and the Economic Development Zone, the industries to be attracted to the areas will primarily electronics and other high technologies related industries. There will be no heavy industries or industries wi th major air and water discharges. One wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) will be constructed at the same time with the development o f the Pioneer Park and two at the Economic Development Zone. All domestic sewage and industrial effluent, following pre-treatment as may be needed, will be collected and conveyed to the WWTPs for treatment before discharge to the environment. Both economic development zones will have other facilities for solid waste collection. There are several dedicated hazardous waste disposal facilities near the MianyangKhengdu area which will be used for safe disposal o f hazardous waste generated from industrial expansion in the project area. The environmental infrastructure wi l l ensure the compliance with relevant discharge standards at the economic development zones. Environmental management will be managed by the Administrations o f the Pioneer Park and Economic Development Zone, both o f which have dedicated environmental management offices and staff.

5.3 Mitigation Measures of Environmental Impacts

Design Phase

When deciding road alignments and pumping station sites, those alignmentdsites that can avoid or reduce adverse environmental impacts will be selected.


20

Sichuan Urban Develonment Proiect EA Summarv Renort

Mitigation Measures

Low noise asphalt payment

Noise insulation windows

0 Designs will be provided for soil erosion control, including excavatiodfill balance, appropriate road slopes, and slope protection, landscaping design, spoil materials disposal site designs, etc. The green area will be located along road sides. Large and tall trees wi l l be planted along the roads to create a green partition to absorb dust and noise and improve scenery. Major noise mitigation measures have first been identified and reviewed including noise barriers, l ow noise pavement, double glazed or noise isolation windows, trees/landscape, traffic management (speed control, horning restriction, etc.), as well as planning and zoning o f impacted areas. A number o f measures have been adopted and incorporated into the design for sensitive receptors at which there will be significant incremental increase in noise level. The considerations for selection o f mitigation measures included effectiveness in noise reduction, roadsite conditions and constraints, costs, and social and community impacts. The adopted noise mitigation measures are summarized in Table 5-1.

Implementation Places City Estimated quantity

project roads Panzhihua 6.7 km project roads Yibin 10.4 km

First row o f all residential Panzhihua 1364 units

948 residential housing Yibin 2541 m2 buildings along project roads

Noise barrier I Ahospitaland kindergarten 1 Yibin I 244units

I 200m2 Chuanzhong O i l and Gas suining

ComDanv Residential Area, Tree planting

Proper planning to avoid constructing sensitive facilities

near the roads

Guangde Temple suining 5 x l 0 0 m Along project roads in the Mianyang In the whole

newly developed urban area suining districts and and industrial parks industrial

parks Traffic control and

management

Construction Phase

Speed restriction, horning Panzhihua,

traffic management Mianyang bans, truck traffic restriction, Yibin, Suining

0 Demolition waste will be recycled and reused to the extent possible. It i s a common practice in the project area to recycle materials from building demolition, including bricks and tiles, woods, plastics, doors/windows, wiring, and metals. The project EMP further specifies the recycling requirements as part o f the contractor obligations during building demolition. To ensure a high level o f recycling, the demolition will mostly be done by labor with minimum involvement o f mechanical


21

Sichuan Urban Develoument Proiect EA Summary Report

machines. Construction sites, material piling and roads with heavy construction trucks will be water sprayed twice a day for dust suppression. In windy days more sprays wi l l be applied to prevent airborne dust. Night time construction will be banned in urban and sensitive areas. Where night time construction has to be conducted for technical reasons, the contractors must receive prior approval from the local environmental authority, and affected people will be informed and consulted ahead o f time, and necessary measures such as noise barriers will be applied as may be necessary to minimize impacts. Wastewater from all construction camps will be collected and discharged to municipal sewers. In places where such municipal service i s not available, onsite septic tanks or other facilities will be constructed to provide necessary treatment. Direct discharge o f wastewater from construction sites and camps to receiving rivers will be strictly banned. Machinery and construction equipment parking lots and maintenance shops will be away from river sides and covered at least with a roof to avoid surface runoff contamination with oils leaked to the ground. All waste o i l will be collected and recycled. Any construction activities below the 20-year flood level in the Yibin area will be strictly banned. Erosion control measures, such as slope covers, prompt post-rehabilitation construction, interception ditches and retaining walls where possible, etc., will be applied during road construction along river sides to minimize the impact o f runoff to eceiving water bodies. River side excavation and other construction activities resulting in river bank slope disturbances w i l l be suspended during heavy rainfalls. The construction activities will be closely supervised for environmental control. In Yibin, officials from the State Yangtze River Upper Reaches Rare and Special Fish Protection Area Administration, and Yibin Fisheries Bureau will be invited to regularly supervise the construction activities on the river side. Any archaeological sites found by chance during construction will be immediately reported to the cultural relic protection departments and construction activities at the sites will be suspended and sites protected until handled properly by the relevant authorities and specialists. Domestic garbage from construction camps will be collected and transported to appropriate places such as landfills for disposal. Proper plans o f temporary usage o f land will be made, and if there i s any need to use farmland, an advanced discussion with the peasants wi l l be conducted to decrease the impact on crops and compensate lost or damaged crops by construction activities. As soon as construction finishes, the temporarily occupied farmland will be restored. Borrowed materials will be taken and spoiled materials disposed o f only at pre-designated areas. Random dumping o f spoiled materials and construction waste will be banned, particularly into rivers. Rehabilitation measures will be taken promptly after the borrowing and disposal activities.


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Spoiled earth will be transported as soon as possible, particularly f rom urban areas, to minimize effects o n the lives o f residents. If it can't be transported outside for any significant period o f time, it wil l be covered to reduce dust. Trucks with covers will be used to transport the earth to avoid leaks and protect the environment. Appropriate arrangements will be made to balance excavation and fill demands so that material borrowing can be minimized. Any spoiled earth from the construction o f the pipeline and the wastewater treatment plants w i l l be used to fill the land where possible. The reminder w i l l be transported to other needy construction sites for filling or sent to landfills. Traff ic plans will be developed ahead o f t ime for road and sewer construction in the urban built up areas, including traffic control, detour plans, publ ic notices, and traffic control assistance by contractor staff. The existing road upgrading will be conducted ha l f o f the road at a t ime t o maintain traffic capacity. Experience with previous World Bank financed urban transport and environmental projects in China, has indicated that high awareness and fill participation o f contractors in environmental management during the construction phase are critically important to ensure environmental performance and pollution control at the construction sites. Environmental protection wil l start from pre-qualification o f contractors, when environmental awareness and management systems wil l be evaluation criteria. The environmental mitigation measures, management and monitoring plans wil l be incorporated into bid documents to ensure there i s sufficient finding from bidding contractors for these activities, and environmental management w i l l be contractual obligations for contractors. Finally, short course trainings w i l l be provided to al l winning contractors, and construction supervision on environmental policies and regulations, potential impacts, mitigation measures, daily monitoring and reporting, and emergency handling w i l l take place.

0

0

0

Operational Phase

Proper planning and zoning along the road sides w i l l occur, particularly in the newly developed areas in Mianyang and Suining where there are virtually n o buildings along the new roads. Sensitive receptors such as schools, hospitals and residential buildings w i l l be avoided to construct along the front rows facing the roads andor within close distance. Where such construction i s necessary (e.g., easy public access, etc.), the building designs w i l l consider mitigation o f noise and air emission from traffic on the roads. A motor vehicle air emissions control strategy requires an integrated approach from numerous government agencies as well as private sector stakeholders. The project cities w i l l enforce applicable standards for motor vehicles and f ie ls and continue the annual motor vehicle inspection programs which are already in place in the project cities to minimize the air emissions from increased motor vehicle traffic on urban roads. Other measures already in place or to be introduced in the project cities include: (1) motor vehicles not meeting the emission standards w i l l be banned from sale in the city; (2) acceleratation o f the o ld vehicle retirement program; (3) continue the random emission


23


testing for buses; (4) improve the annual motor vehicle emission testing for entire fleet; (5) introduce the clean fuel conversion programs; and (6) introduce fuel additives for emission control. A number o f measures wil l be taken during the operation phase to minimize impacts o f traffic noise. These measures include: (1) ban honking in residential and other sensitive areas; (2) enhance traffic management to minimize noise from disorder traffic; (3) properly arrange night time traffic particularly for heavy duty trucks to avoid the residential areas; and (4) limit motor vehicle speeds at night. As all project cit ies wi l l have road components near rivers and water bodies, particularly Yibin where two project roads are adjacent to protected water bodies; an emergency plan wil l be established to deal with environmental emergencies from traffic accidents involving tanker trucks with liquid chemicals. The f ire departments o f the cities wi l l be trained and provided with necessary equipment for spill control and clean up to control the impact on receiving water to the minimum. Other departments/organizations, such as environmental, communications, traffic police, hospitals, fisheries, municipal services, etc, wi l l also be included in the emergency response plan. Hazardous material transportation in the cities wil l be strictly controlled and managed. The following measures will be enforced in compliance with relevant regulations: (1) a l l hazardous materials will be sealed with proper and clear warning signs, indicating flush points, toxicity, chemical natures and emergency response methods; (2) drivers of hazardous materials containing trucks as well as the trucks themselves must have required permits and certificates; (3) al l hazardous materials transportation must pre-registered with the relevant authority ahead o f time; (4) trucks containing hazardous materials are allowed to operate only in pre-approved routes and locations and unauthorized stops and parking are not allowed; and (5) drivers are trained for truck operation and requirements for hazardous materials. Drinking driving and tiring driving will be strictly banned. Extensive environmental monitoring programs wil l be implemented during both construction and operation phases (details below) to ensure that adverse environmental impacts are as projected during the EA and the mitigation measures proposed will be implemented and effective. Inadequate mitigation or new adverse impacts that emerge beyond the EA’S expectations will be detected by the monitoring programs promptly, and appropriate new actions wil l be taken to address them.

0

5.4 Social environment, social impacts and mitigation measures

Table 5-2 summarizes the social impacts o f the project on the four cities o f Mianyang, Suining,

Panzhihua and Yibin. For each o f the cities a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been developed

in conformity with the requirements o f World Bank OP4.12, Involuntary Resettlement. The

basic principle o f the RAPS i s to minimize resettlement wherever possible and, where resettlement

cannot be avoided, to provide a plan for the resettlement and rehabilitation o f the PAPS so that

they wil l be compensated for their losses and their standards o f living wil l be improved or at least


24

Sichuan Urban Develooment Project EA Summaw Reuort

Items Mianyang Panzhihua Suining Yibin Land acquisition (mu) 2,4 15 558 2,332 64 House demolition (m2) 171,177 72,841 143,421 158,291

Total 5,369

545,730 No. o f households relocated I 1.003 1 345 I 670 I 1,028 I 3,046 I

Total resettlement cost (Ymil) N o o f non-residential uni ts I 19 I 9 1 21 I 347 I 396 I

186.13 36.11 152.89 245.48 620.61

6. Environmental Management and Monitoring An environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed as a separate and stand alone document for each o f the four project cities. These EMPs include policies basis and applicable environmental standards, environmental management system, mitigation measures, monitoring plans. Institutional arrangements and capacity building plans, and estimated costs for the mitigation measures and monitoring programs for both the construction and operation phases, were also included.

6.1 Objectives

The EMPs provide a framework for the implementation o f mitigation measures and environmental management and monitoring during the project implementation. As such, they represent commitments o f project owners as wel l as the governments o f the four project cities to environmental protection, pollution control, and impact minimization. More' specifically, the objectives o f the EMPs are to:

Set out the legal and policy framework as wel l as applicable environmental standards with which the Project will be compliance; Identify and design with sufficient details and specifics the mitigation measures for adverse impacts o f the Project; Specify institutional roles and responsibilities for mitigation measures implementation and environmental management during Project; Outlines the requirements for environmental monitoring programs and reporting needs; and Provides a stand alone document which may be used during Project implementation for Project supervision.

0

0

0


25


6.2 Management and Superviosn Organizations

There will be three layers of organization that will be responsible for environmental performance of the Project. The frst represents project preparation, implementation and management organizations which have the ultimate responsibility for environmental performance of the project. These organizations include: 0 Sichuan Provincial Urban Developement Project Management Office (PMO), which i s

the overall coordination organization for project preparation and implementation. The PMO will have dedicated safeguard staff to coordinate the environmental management efforts of the project, supervise the implementation of the EMP, and provide necessary monitoring reports to the World Bank and domestic regulatory agencies City project proponents/owners including MPPA Investment Company, Mianyang Shanj iang Investment Company, Panzhihua Urban Investment and Development Management Company, Suining Economic Development Zone Administration (SEDZA), and Yibin Urban Development Company, which are the executing organizations of the projects in the cities. The project owners will be responsible for engaging the design, EA and RAP teams during preparation, and construction and supervision during construction, as well as for project management during operations. As owners of the EMPs, they will follow and implement or cause the contractors to implement the mitigation and other measures outlined in the EMPs. Properly staffed environmental offices or divisions will be created in these organizations. These divisions and associated staff wi l l be responsible for implementing mitigation measures and other requirements o f the EMP. They are also responsible for the project operation in compliance with environmental laws, regulations, policies and standards, for environmental supervision and coordination with other operation departments, and for liaison with the local EPBs and other regulatory agencies.

0

The second layer represents contractors, construction supervision, and third party independent supervision/monitoring agencies, Contractors will be the actual implementation organizations for the mitigation measures during the construction phase, while construction supervision will play a role in environmental supervision. The third party monitoring wil l be engaged to conduct regular compliance monitoring during both the construction and operation phase. Each of the organizations, particularly the contractors and company supervision companies will be requested to have a dedicated environmental staff for daily environmental monitoring and supervision. Further details on the site monitoring are presented in a later section o f this report.

The third group i s the environmental law enforcement and other regulatory agencies including SEPA, Sichuan Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB), local EPBs in each of the project cities, Fisheries Bureau, Forest Bureau, and State Yangtze River Upper Reaches Rare and Special Fish Reserve Administration. Besides regular regulatory duty such as EA review and approval, regular site inspections during the construction and operation phases, reviews and responses to environmental monitoring and incident reports, as may be required and/or empowered by laws for environmental performance and compliance status, wi l l take


26

Sichuan Urban Development Project E A Summary Report

place. The agencies w i l l also be invited to supervise and inspect construction activities at sensitive locations such as the fisheries protected area in Yibin.

The Mianyang and Suining components involve development o f new urban subdivisions or new areas o f economic development zones.. Together with other basic infrastructure facilities in these new zones, the project facilities, namely roads and sewer, will be integrated into the respective city systems and managed by relevant or economic development zones. The Suining economic development zones and the economic development zones in Mianyang have complete, experienced, and fully fbnctioning agencies for municipal infrastructure and environmental management.

6.3. Environmental Supervision

Environmental supervision i s a new requirement of the environmental protection work.. The environmental supervision should be carried out through the entire process o f project construction so as to guarantee the implementation o f environmental protection work and environmental protection measures. Environmental supervision w i l l be conducted by the project owners who w i l l assign or engage qualified environmental supervisors to provide the supervision and the exact number o f supervisors w i l l be determined by need. The activities o f environmental supervision w i l l include:

attending monthly regular meetings o f the project general supervisor and review site environmental reports, dairies, and records, regularly sponsoring the environmental supervision meetings and solve problems and put forward the working scheme, examining or reviewing the provisions o f environmental protection in Organizing Plan of Project Construction compiled by contractors, conducting supervision and inspection o f pollution control facilities. conducting environmental education to contractors, pointing out the environmental sensitive points, putting forward the control measures in te rm o f main pollutants in the process o f construction, regularly inspecting rconstruction sites with a focus on the operation o f environmental protection system, supervising the construction o f impact mitigation and water & soil conservation measures. checking and accepting the environmental protection facilities and site rehabilitation, and produce the Final Report of Environmental Supervision.

6.4. Environmental Monitoring

The EMP includes environmental monitoring programs for both the construction and operation phases. The parameters to be monitored include resettlement, noise, dust, water quality, and solid waste disposal. There w i l l be a two-tier monitoring: daily and routine monitoring, primarily during the construction phase, and regulatory compliance monitoring in both the construction and operation phases. During the construction phase, daily and routine


21

Sichuan Urban Develonment Project EA Summary Reoort

monitoring w i l l be conducted through mainly visual observations for air borne dust, muddy runoff discharge to rivers, etc., and limited equipment measurements such as hand-hold noise meters by contractors and construction supervision companies. The dedicated environmental staff, as wel l as senior management o f the contractors and construction supervision companies, will be required to participate in a mandatory training program prior to the start o f construction. Important training topics w i l l be environmental monitoring, reporting and monitoring responses. Self monitoring and supervision are critical as compliance monitoring cannot practically occur on-site al l the time, and as such w i l l not be able to timely identify environmental issues and pollution risks that may be associated with or generated fkom construction activities, and thus not able to provide guidance on necessary corrective and mitigative actions. The contractors and construction supervision companies are the only parties on-site al l the time and able to monitor al l construction activities.

Periodic monitoring by professional monitoring stations using standard methods recognized by regulatory authorities will also be conducted to determine compliance status. Proper training o f contractor and construction supervision staff on environmental monitoring, as wel l as on-going supervision o f and assistance to these staff, w i l l be provided by environmental professionals. Monitoring reports w i l l be compiled once every six months, summarizing findings. The reports w i l l be submitted to project proponent as well as relevant agencies and the World Bank. During the operation phase, noise levels w i l l be monitored once a month for the first six months and once every six months thereafter for the first three years o f operation. The general environmental monitoring programs are summarized in Table 6-1 through Table 6-4 for the four project cities, respectively.


28


Items Parameter Monitoring frequency No. of

points Monitoring time monitoring

7:00, 14:00, 19:OO 9:OO- 16 :OO, 23 100-5 100

Twice a year 5 Air PMlO consecutive days

Noise Leq(A) Twice a year for 2 day

Once every flood and dry season, 3 Surface

Oil, consecutive days each water quality

pH, DO, BOD, SS,

TP, NH3-N, E. coli t ime 2 times per day

5

5

4

NOX, PMlo

Noise

erosion I intensitv soil erosion

day Once a day 1 4 1 Three times during for 1


Daytime

7:00, 14:00, 19:OO I 5 I

I I I

Once a day o f noise monitoring for each road section under construction, visual observation airborne dust, runoff discharge, solid waste disposal, and other environmental issues; to be conducted by contractors

9:00-16:00,23 :00-5:00 1 5 1

quality Water 3 times monitoring per

day I 1 pH, DO, BOD, SS,

TP, NH3-N, E.Coli

One day each quarter for Petrol oil, COD, 5 days

Once day 1 4 1

29


Monitoring Monitoring time frequency Items Parameter No. of

monitoring points

1 Onceaday I 4 Soil I Soil erosion 1 Twice in the rainy erosion intensitv season for 1 day

PMlO 0:00-24:00 Once a quarter for

Once a quarter during

Daily average: 0:OO-24:OO

Twice a day

Air TSP 5 consecutive days hourly average: 4 timedday

construction Asphalt emission

Once a quarter for 0:00-24:00

Once a quarter for Noise Leq(A) 2 day

1 day ww

discharge Once every flood,

Surface SS, Petrol oil, average and dry water quality NH3-N, E.Coli days each time

Twice a day

3 t imes per day

SS, volume

pH, DO, BOD,

COD, TP, season, 5 consecutive

4

3

5

1

3

.~ ~~~.~~

Daytime

I I I

Once a day of noise monitoring for each road section under construction, visual observation airborne dust, runoff discharge, solid waste disposal, and other envlronmental issues; to be conducted by contractors Once a da of noise monitoring at key sensitive residential areas o f the urban road section un C Y er construction each night; to be conducted by contractors

Air

Once day

0:00-24:00 4 Once a quarter for 5 NOX, PMlo consecutive days

l 3

Noise

Water quality


L2 (A) Once each quarter, for 0:00-24 ZOO 5

SS, Petrol oil, One day each quarter monitoring per day 2

2 consecutive days Tra i c flow pH, DO, BOD,

NH3-N, E.Coli COD, TP, for 5 days

30

Soil erosion

Once a year for three year ~II the rainy

season Soil erosion

intensity

Sichuan Urban Develoument Project E A Summarv Reuort

I Items 1 Parameter

Table 6-3 Suining Environmental Monitoring Program

No. of monitoring points Monitoring frequency Monitoring time

PMlO Air

I Construction Phase

0:00-24:00 2 Once a quarter for 5 consecutive days

Daytime

. I Noise I Leq(A) I Onceaquarter for2day I 0:OO-24:OO I Once a day o f noise monitoring for each road section under construction, visual observation airborne dust, runoff discharge, solid waste disposal, and other environmental issues; to be conducted by contractors

2

0: 00-24 ZOO NOx,,CO Twice a year for 5 PMlO consecutive days Air 2

I Operation phase

Items Parameter Monitoring frequency No. of

points Monitoring time monitoring

I 0:OO-24:OO I I Noise 1 2 I Twiceayearfor2 consecutive days

L e (A) Tra ic flow

0: 00-24 ZOO Once a quarter for PMlO 5 consecutive days

Once a quarter during construction Twice a day

Air Asphalt emission

2

4

3

-

Surface water quality

pH, Do,

NH3-N, E.Coli

Once every flood, average and

each time s%e$ll, dry season, 5 consecutive days 3 times per day 3

Noise I Leq(A) I Onceaquarterfor2 day I 0:OO-24:OO I 5

Daytime

Nighttime

1 Twiceaday I 1 1 ss, volume 1 Once a quarter for lday discharge

Once a day o f random noise monitoring for each road section under construction, visual observation airborne dust, runoff discharge, solid waste disposal, and other environmental issues; to be conducted by contractors Once a day o f noise monitoring at key sensitive residential areas o f the urban road section under construction each night; to be conducted by contractors

Noise

Water quality

Soil erosion

Soil 1 Soil erosion Twice in the rainy season for 1 1 Once a day erosion intensity day

0:00-24:00 Once each quarter, for 2 consecutive days

One day each quarter for 5 COD, TP, days per day

Once a year for three year in

L e (A) Trafic flow

pH, DO, BOD, SS, Petrol oil,

NH3-N, E.Coli

Soil erosion

3 times monitoring

Once day intensity the rainy season

Operation phase

1 0:OO-24:OO Once a quarter for 5 Air 1 I consecutivedavs 4

5

2

3


31


The monitoring, as well as site supervision reports will be reported to the respective project owners, local EPBs, and provincial PMO periodically. During construction, the monitoring reports w i l l be provided once every six months while during operation the monitoring reports will be provided once a year for two years. The PMO, the ultimate party responsible for environmental performanc during construction, will review and take necessary mitigation actions promptly, while the transportation bureau will be responsible during the operation phase. If needed, the PMO and project owners will call upon professional consultants and experts to develop mitigation measures and supervise implementation. Twice a year, an overall monitoring report will be submitted to the World Bank, summarizing the observations, monitoring results, corrective actions taken, and monitoring effectiveness and other findings and issues during the monitoring period.

6.5. Institutional Strengthening and Training

To ensure the environmental performance o f the Project, the EMP emphasizes institutional building and strengthening. Besides an organizational structure involving various management and supervision organizations for environmental decision making, monitoring, reporting, and mher mitigation planning and implementation, the EMP includes detailed programs for personnel training. The programs involve training o f professional, managerial and technical personnel from government, project proponent, and operation units, environmental institutions and contractors and construction supervisions, to enhance their awareness with the applicable regulations. The training may be held at local universities, other cities in China where there are environmental management experiences for similar urban environment and road construction projects, and/or provided by professional consultants engaged through the project technical assistance programs. The training for the PMO and project owners w i l l include environmental management, regulatory framework, applicable environmental standards and their implications to the Project, mitigation planning, environmental decision making and pollution control technologies.

An environmental training for contractors and construction supervisions w i l l be held prior to the commencement o f construction. This training wi l l be mandatory and wi l l be attended by at least one senior management and one technical staff member to be assigned as the designated site environmental staff. The objective i s to ensure that each contractor and construction supervision unit w i l l have staff on site full t ime for environmental monitoring on a daily basis. The training wi l l cover basic knowledge o f environmental protection and pollution control, the results o f the respective city EIAs, and requirements o f EMPs, methodologies o f site environmental management and monitoring, and reporting requirements. As the contractors and construction supervision companies wi l l conduct daily and regular environmental monitoring at their construction sites, the trainings w i l l include a detailed program on monitoring methodologies to be delivered by specialists o f environmental monitoring stations and consultants provided by the project technical assistance programs.


32

Sichuan Urban Develonment Project EA Summaw Renort

Environmental monitoring

6.6. Estimated Cost for Environmental Management

Construction 110 248.3 60 80 Operation 60 84 60 40

The cost for environmental management and mitigation measures have been estimated and included in the Project budget. The estimated cost i s summarized in Table 6-5.

Table 6-5 Summary of Estimated Cost for Environmental Management (RMB x1000)

7. Public Participation Methodology and Consultation Programs

Two rounds o f public consultations have been carried out during the EA: the f r s t round during the preparation o f the EA terms o f reference (TOR) between October 2004 to M a y 2005 and the second round during the preparation o f the draft EA reports between June to October 2005. The primary technique used for public consultation was public opinion surveys through public opinions questionnaires, supplemented by focused interviews and public meetings with key affected groups and individuals. The people consulted included mainly those who will be directly affected by the project. Relevant government and non-government organizations and experts from academic and other professional institutions have also been consulted on various environmental and socio-economic issues.

The public was f i l ly aware o f the proposed project and expressed i ts support in general. The predominant concern from the affected public was increased noise following project implementation. Concerns from the church community were basically building/structure safety, relocation o f the oEce/dormitory building, occupation o f the land, visual impacts, etc. Other concerns expressed by the affected public included air borne dust during construction, location o f asphalt mixers, motor vehicle air emissions, landscaping, community severance, resettlement, cultural relics and wetland protection, etc.

Besides the directly affected residents in the project areas, the EA team met with experts from cultural and fisheries bureaus and universities. The experts provided their opinions on

33 Chengdu Hydropower Investigation Design and Research Institute Sichuan Academy ofEnvironmental Sciences


environmental and cultural relic issues and provided recommendations f i om technical points o f view.

The EA team responded to public concerns and suggestions by proposing a series o f dust control measures during construction; noise insulation windows and noise barriers at sensitive receptors, which are expected to experience significant incremental increases in noise levels after the project; pedestrian and bicycle traffic street crossings; large-scale landscaping programs with more new trees planted than those cut down during the project; and structural strengthening o f the church building. Concerns were expressed to the RAP team by the public on resettlement, relocation, and livelihood rehabilitation, and these concerns have been addressed via appropriate measures in the RAP.

Public consultation activities in the four project cities are summarized in Table 7-1.


34

Sichuan Urban Develournent Proiect EA Surnmarv Reuort

Stage Form By whom and for whom Time location WB policy

1 St

round 2"d

round

By project owner and EA team for 90 affected people

Questionnaire By project owner and EA May Project areas OP4.01

Questionnaire By project owners and EA August Project areas OP4.01 survey team for 70 affected people 2005

Survey team for 182 affected 2005 people

1 St

round Questionnaire

Survey

round

October 2004

Focus meeting

Neighborhood OP4.0 1 along project

roads

Suining By project owner and EA

team for 120 affected people

By project owner and EA team for 106 local

residents, temple visitors By project owner and EA team for monks and care takers of Guangde temple

Yibin

2"d round

Focused By project owners and EA May Panzhihua Project OP4.01 specialist team for 10 specialists in 2005 Ofice interviews environmental, hydrology,

and meeting municipal engineering Questionnaire By project owner and EA October Urban Panzhihua OP4.01

survey team for 150 local affected 2004 people

May Xining District, 2005 1 Suining

OP4.0 1

Sept., 2005


Guangde temple OP4.01

35

July 2005

Guangde temple OP4.01

lst round 2"d

*ound

Questionnaire By project owner and EA Sept Along two project OP4.01 survey team for 90 affected people 2004 roads in Yibin

Questionnaire By project owner and EA May Along two project OP.401 survey team for 97 affected people 2005 roads in Yibin Group PMO, Project owner and October Provincial PMO OP4.01

meeting EA team for fisheries 2005 office in Chengdu specialists


Public Consultation Results and Responses

In general, the public i s well aware o f the proposed project in all four project cities. Most o f the consulted peoples expressed their support o f the project, citing benefits to regional development, improved municipal services, better road conditions, improved urban conditions and beautification o f their cities (particularly in water front areas), increased leisure places, improved environmental conditions, etc. At the same time, the public, particularly affected people and stakeholders, expressed concerns on potential adverse environmental and community impacts, mostly related to the construction phase. Many o f these concerns expressed by the public from the four cities are common, and the EA teams responded to these concerns by including the issues raised by the public in the environmental impact assessment, and addressing them through appropriate mitigation and management measures. These concerns and mitigation measures are summarized in Table 7-2.

Table 7-2 Major Public Concerns and Mitigation Measures

knowledge on compensation and regulations. Follow closely the project resettlement


36


Public Notice on project description and major

impacts Public Notice on project

description, major impacts and mitigation

Public Notice on EA and RAP availability

Full EA draft report

Draft EA report and EMP

Final EA and EMP

8. Information Disclosure

July 6 Mianyang Evening News OP4.0 1 2005

September Panzhihua Daily and OP4.01 16-18,2005 Panzhihua Evening News

September 29, Suining Daily OP4.0 1

Since August City internet website OP4.01

Sept. 29-30 and Yibin Daily OP4.0 1

(planned) City libraries in Mianyang, OP4.01

Yibin, respectively

2005

2005 www.auetda.com -

Oct. 11,2005

December, 2005 Panzhihua, Suining and

In compliance with EIA process requirements of the Chinese government and the World Bank, the completed draft EIA and EMP reports were released in public places in the project area, including libraries, EA team offices, local project owner offices, neighborhood committee locations, and on cities’ websites on the internet. Members of the concerned public can access and review the reports at these places. In addition, information on the Project and availability of these reports were advertised in the Mianyang Daily, Panzhihua Daily and Panzhihua Evening News, Suining Daily and Yibin Evening News, which are al l major and widely distributed local newspapers. The EA team plans to disclose the final EA reports to the general public in public places once final versions are completed. The information disclosure i s summarized in Table 8-1,

Table 8-1 Information Disclosure Summarv I Information I Date I Locatiodmedia I WB Dolicv 1

The Sichuan Urban Development Project (SUDP) will play an important role in expanding and upgrading basic urban, environmental and transport infrastructure in Mianyang, Panzhihua, Suining, and Yibin, help control water pollution and flood risks, improve environmental quality, and promote urban, industrial and general economic development in the four key secondary cities in the province as well as the standard of living of the cities’ residents. The upgrading and newly built roads will support the development of new urban areas and industrial parks to accommodate the rapid urban, population, and industrial expansion. The road components in the cities will help reduce traffic congestion in city centers by attracting traffic which otherwise would go through urban center roads. Al l four city projects comply with their respective Master Plans, Master Transport Plans, and Master


37


Environmental Management Plans, and as such wi l l contribute significantly to the cities development.

9. Conclusions

The project wi l l bring positive impacts and benefits to the environment and communities. The sewer components wi l l intercept wastewater currently discharged to the rivers without treatment, and thus reduce pollutant loads to the receiving environment, some areas o f which are important fish habits. From the city wide perspective, air quality i s expected to improve due to reduced traffic j a m s and increased average driving speeds. The new and upgraded roads wi l l contribute significantly to community development, attracting outside investment, and improving the quality o f l i fe for area residents. The river embankment component wi l l reduce flood risks and provide better protection, promoting the safety o f people and assets. The landscape components wi l l improve environmental aesthetics and provide more space for leisure for residents.

However, construction and operation o f the project will also result in a number o f adverse impacts to the environment in the project areas, mostly during the construction phase. These impacts include increased airborne dust, noise, soil erosion, surface runoff containing suspended solids and possibly oils to receiving waters and fish habitats, land occupation, involuntary resettlement o f people, vegetation disturbances and removal during construction, motor vehic'le emissions, deteriorating air quality along project road areas, increased noise levels at sensitive receptors, and surface runoff from road surface to the rivers. In addition, the urban expansion components will convert existing agricultural (Xining District in Suining and Pioneer Park in Mianyang) and mostly unused land (Economic Development Zone in Mianyang) into urban or industrial land. The original lands will lose their current land features and the area environment will receive higher pollutant loads from increased populations and new industrial operations. As an indirect and induced impact, the improved road network in Suining will also result in increased visitors to the Guangde temple, a provincial level cultural relic.

With mitigation measures designed specifically to address the above listed adverse impacts, the impacts will be prevented, reduced, minimized, or otherwise compensated. Furthermore, an environmental management system involving environmental management and supervision organizations, environmental monitoring, institutional strengthening, and project owners and contractors personnel training will be established to ensure the environmental performance o f the Project. With appropriate implementation of mitigation measures, as well as the environmental management systems, the adverse impacts will be reduced to acceptable levels.


38

Documents

Sichuan Urban Development Project - World Bankdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/200681468027859067/pdf/358180rev0pdf.pdfSichuan Urban Development Project EA Summary Report Storm and